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1. Emergence and spread of novel H5N8, H5N5 and H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4 highly pathogenic avian influenza in 2020

Author

Lewis, N.S. (Nicola), Banyard, A. (Ashley), Whittard, E. (Elliot), Karibayev, T. (Talgat), Al Kafagi, T. (Thamer), Chvala, I. (Ilya), Byrne, A. (Alex), Meruyert, S. (Saduakassova), King, J. (Jacqueline), Harder, T. (Timm), Grund, C. (Christian), Essen, S. (Steve), Reid, S.K.J. (Scott), Brouwer, A. (Adam), Zinyakov, N.G. (Nikolay G.), Tegzhanov, A. (Azimkhan), Irza, V. (Victor), Pohlmann, A. (Anne), Beer, M. (Martin), Fouchier, R.A.M. (Ron A. M.), Akhmetzhan, S. (Sultanov), Brown, I.H. (Ian), Lewis, N.S. (Nicola), Banyard, A. (Ashley), Whittard, E. (Elliot), Karibayev, T. (Talgat), Al Kafagi, T. (Thamer), Chvala, I. (Ilya), Byrne, A. (Alex), Meruyert, S. (Saduakassova), King, J. (Jacqueline), Harder, T. (Timm), Grund, C. (Christian), Essen, S. (Steve), Reid, S.K.J. (Scott), Brouwer, A. (Adam), Zinyakov, N.G. (Nikolay G.), Tegzhanov, A. (Azimkhan), Irza, V. (Victor), Pohlmann, A. (Anne), Beer, M. (Martin), Fouchier, R.A.M. (Ron A. M.), Akhmetzhan, S. (Sultanov), and Brown, I.H. (Ian)

Abstract

Analyses of HPAI H5 viruses from poultry outbreaks across a wide Eurasian region since July 2020 including the Russian Federation, Republics of Iraq and Kazakhstan, and recent detections in migratory waterfowl in the Netherlands, revealed undetected maintenance of H5N8, likely in galliform poultry since 2017/18 and both H5N5 and H5N1. All viruses belong to A/H5 clade 2.3.4.4b with closely related HA genes. Heterogeneity in Eurasian H5Nx HPAI emerging variants threatens poultry production, food security and veterinary public health.

Published
2021
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2. Recommendations for the introduction of metagenomic high-throughput sequencing in clinical virology, part I: Wet lab procedure

Author

López-Labrador, F.X. (F. Xavier), Brown, J.R. (Julianne R.), Fischer, N. (Nicole), Harvala, H. (Heli), Boheemen, S. (Sander) van, Cinek, O. (Ondrej), Sayiner, A. (Arzu), Madsen, T.V. (Tina Vasehus), Auvinen, E. (Eeva), Kufner, V. (Verena), Huber, M. (Michael), Rodriguez, C. (Christophe), Jonges, M. (Marcel), Hönemann, M. (Mario), Susi, P. (Petri), Sousa, H. (Hugo), Klapper, P.E. (Paul E.), Pérez-Cataluňa, A. (Alba), Hernandez, M. (Marta), Molenkamp, R. (Richard), der Hoek, L.V. (Lia van), Schuurman, R. (Rob), Couto, N. (Natacha), Leuzinger, K. (Karoline), Simmonds, P. (Peter), Beer, M. (Martin), Höper, D. (Dirk), Kamminga, S. (Sergio), Feltkamp, M.C.W. (Mariet C.W.), Rodríguez-Díaz, J. (Jesús), Keyaerts, E. (Els), Nielsen, X.C. (Xiaohui Chen), Puchhammer-Stöckl, E. (Elisabeth), Kroes, A.C.M. (Aloys), Buesa, J. (Javier), Breuer, J. (Judy), Claas, E.C.J. (Eric), Vries, J.J.C. (Jutte) de, López-Labrador, F.X. (F. Xavier), Brown, J.R. (Julianne R.), Fischer, N. (Nicole), Harvala, H. (Heli), Boheemen, S. (Sander) van, Cinek, O. (Ondrej), Sayiner, A. (Arzu), Madsen, T.V. (Tina Vasehus), Auvinen, E. (Eeva), Kufner, V. (Verena), Huber, M. (Michael), Rodriguez, C. (Christophe), Jonges, M. (Marcel), Hönemann, M. (Mario), Susi, P. (Petri), Sousa, H. (Hugo), Klapper, P.E. (Paul E.), Pérez-Cataluňa, A. (Alba), Hernandez, M. (Marta), Molenkamp, R. (Richard), der Hoek, L.V. (Lia van), Schuurman, R. (Rob), Couto, N. (Natacha), Leuzinger, K. (Karoline), Simmonds, P. (Peter), Beer, M. (Martin), Höper, D. (Dirk), Kamminga, S. (Sergio), Feltkamp, M.C.W. (Mariet C.W.), Rodríguez-Díaz, J. (Jesús), Keyaerts, E. (Els), Nielsen, X.C. (Xiaohui Chen), Puchhammer-Stöckl, E. (Elisabeth), Kroes, A.C.M. (Aloys), Buesa, J. (Javier), Breuer, J. (Judy), Claas, E.C.J. (Eric), and Vries, J.J.C. (Jutte) de

Abstract

Metagenomic high-throughput sequencing (mHTS) is a hypothesis-free, universal pathogen detection technique for determination of the DNA/RNA sequences in a variety of sample types and infectious syndromes. mHTS is still in its early stages of translating into clinical application. To support the development, implementation and standardization of mHTS procedures for virus diagnostics, the European Society for Clinical Virology (ESCV) Network on Next-Generation Sequencing (ENNGS) has been established. The aim of ENNGS is to bring together professionals involved in mHTS for viral diagnostics to share methodologies and experiences, and to develop application recommendations. This manuscript aims to provide practical recommendations for the wet lab procedures necessary for im

Published
2021
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3. Genesis and spread of multiple reassortants during the 2016/2017 H5 avian influenza epidemic in Eurasia

Author

Lycett, S.J. (Samantha J.), Pohlmann, A. (Anne), Staubach, C. (Christoph), Caliendo, V. (Valentina), Woolhouse, M. (Mark), Beer, M. (Martin), Kuiken, T. (Thijs), Lycett, S.J. (Samantha J.), Pohlmann, A. (Anne), Staubach, C. (Christoph), Caliendo, V. (Valentina), Woolhouse, M. (Mark), Beer, M. (Martin), and Kuiken, T. (Thijs)

Abstract

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of the H5 A/goose/Guangdong/1/96 lineage can cause severe disease in poultry and wild birds, and occasionally in humans. In recent years, H5 HPAI viruses of this lineage infecting poultry in Asia have spilled over into wild birds and spread via bird migration to countries in Europe, Africa, and North America. In 2016/2017, this spillover resulted in the largest HPAI epidemic on record in Europe and was associated with an unusually high frequency of reassortments between H5 HPAI viruses and cocirculating low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses. Here, we show that the seven main H5 reassortant viruses had various combinations of gene segments 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6. Using detailed time-resolved phylogenetic analysis, most of these gene segments likely originated from wild birds and at dates and locations that corresponded to their hosts' migratory cycles. However, some gene segments in two reassortant viruses likely originated from domestic anseriforms, either in spring 2016 in east China or in autumn 2016 in central Europe. Our results demonstrate that, in addition to domestic anseriforms in Asia, both migratory wild birds and domestic anseriforms in Europe are relevant sources of gene segments for recent reassortant H5 HPAI viruses. The ease with which these H5 HPAI viruses reassort, in combination with repeated spillovers of H5 HPAI viruses into wild birds, increases the risk of emergence of a reassortant virus that persists in wild bird populations yet remains highly pathogenic for poultry.

Published
2020
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4. Multimeric single-domain antibody complexes protect against bunyavirus infections

Author

Schreur, P.J.W., Water, S. (Steven) van de, Harmsen, M., Bermudez-Mendez, E., Drabek, D.D. (Dubravka), Grosveld, F.G. (Frank), Wernike, K., Beer, M. (Martin), Aebischer, A., Daramola, O. (Olufunmilayo), Conde, S.R., Brennan, K., Kozub, D., Kristiansen, M.S., Mistry, K.K., Deng, Z.Y., Hellert, J., Guardado-Calvo, P., Rey, F.A., van Keulen, L., Kortekaas, J., Schreur, P.J.W., Water, S. (Steven) van de, Harmsen, M., Bermudez-Mendez, E., Drabek, D.D. (Dubravka), Grosveld, F.G. (Frank), Wernike, K., Beer, M. (Martin), Aebischer, A., Daramola, O. (Olufunmilayo), Conde, S.R., Brennan, K., Kozub, D., Kristiansen, M.S., Mistry, K.K., Deng, Z.Y., Hellert, J., Guardado-Calvo, P., Rey, F.A., van Keulen, L., and Kortekaas, J.

Abstract

The World Health Organization has included three bunyaviruses posing an increasing threat to human health on the Blueprint list of viruses likely to cause major epidemics and for which no, or insufficient countermeasures exist. Here, we describe a broadly applicable strategy, based on llama-derived single-domain antibodies (VHHs), for the development of bunyavirus biotherapeutics. The method was validated using the zoonotic Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) and Schmallenberg virus (SBV), an emerging pathogen of ruminants, as model pathogens. VHH building blocks were assembled into highly potent neutralizing complexes using bacterial superglue technology. The multimeric complexes were shown to reduce and prevent virus-induced morbidity and mortality in mice upon prophylactic administration. Bispecific molecules engineered to present two different VHHs fused to an Fc domain were further shown to be effective upon therapeutic administration. The presented VHH-based technology holds great promise for the development of bunyavirus antiviral therapies.

Published
2020
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5. Comparison of sequencing methods and data processing pipelines for whole genome sequencing and minority single nucleotide variant (mSNV) analysis during an influenza A/H5N8 outbreak

Author

Poen, M.J. (Marjolein), Pohlmann, A. (Anne), Amid, C. (Clara), Bestebroer, T.M. (Theo), Brookes, S.M. (Sharon M.), Brown, I.H. (Ian), Everett, H. (Helen), Schapendonk, C.M.E. (Claudia), Scheuer, R.D. (Rachel), Smits, S.L. (Saskia), Beer, M. (Martin), Fouchier, R.A.M. (Ron), Ellis, R.J. (Richard J.), Poen, M.J. (Marjolein), Pohlmann, A. (Anne), Amid, C. (Clara), Bestebroer, T.M. (Theo), Brookes, S.M. (Sharon M.), Brown, I.H. (Ian), Everett, H. (Helen), Schapendonk, C.M.E. (Claudia), Scheuer, R.D. (Rachel), Smits, S.L. (Saskia), Beer, M. (Martin), Fouchier, R.A.M. (Ron), and Ellis, R.J. (Richard J.)

Abstract

As high-throughput sequencing technologies are becoming more widely adopted for analysing pathogens in disease outbreaks there needs to be assurance that the different sequencing technologies and approaches to data analysis will yield reliable and comparable results. Conversely, understanding where agreement cannot be achieved provides insight into the limitations of these approaches and also allows efforts to be focused on areas of the process that need improvement. This manuscript describes the next-generation sequencing of three closely related viruses, each analysed using different sequencing strategies, sequencing instruments and data processing pipelines. In order to determine the comparability of consensus sequences and minority (sub-consensus) single nucleotide variant (mSNV) identification, the biological samples, the sequence data from 3 sequencing platforms and the *.bam quality-trimmed alignment files of raw data of 3 influenza A/H5N8 viruses were shared. This analysis demonstrated that variation in the final result could be attributed to all stages in the process, but the most critical were the well-known homopolymer errors introduced by 454 sequencing, and the alignment processes in the different data processing pipelines which affected the consistency of mSNV detection. However, homopolymer errors aside, there was generally a good agreement between consensus sequences that were obtained for all combinations of sequencing platforms and data processing pipelines. Nevertheless, minority variant analysis will need a different level of careful standardization and awareness about the possible limitations, as shown in this study.

Published
2020
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6. Proficiency testing of virus diagnostics based on bioinformatics analysis of simulated in silico high-throughput sequencing data sets

Author

Brinkmann, A. (Annika), Andrusch, A. (Andreas), Belka, A. (Ariane), Wylezich, C. (Claudia), Höper, D. (Dirk), Pohlmann, A. (Anne), Petersen, T.N. (Thomas Nordahl), Lucas, P. (Pierrick), Blanchard, Y. (Yannick), Papa, A. (Anna), Melidou, A. (Angeliki), Oude Munnink, B.B. (Bas B.), Matthijnssens, J. (Jelle), Deboutte, W. (Ward), Ellis, R.J. (Richard J.), Hansmann, F. (Florian), Baumgärtner, V. (Volkmar), Vries, E. (Erhard) van der, Osterhaus, A. (Albert), Camma, C. (Cesare), Mangone, I. (Iolanda), Lorusso, A. (Alessio), Marcacci, M. (Maurilia), Nunes, A. (Alexandra), Pinto, M. (Miguel), Borges, V. (Vítor), Kroneman, A. (Annelies), Schmitz, D. (Dennis), Corman, V.M. (Victor), Drosten, C. (Christian), Jones, T. (Terry), Hendriksen, R.S. (Rene S.), Aarestrup, F.M. (Frank), Koopmans D.V.M., M.P.G. (Marion), Beer, M. (Martin), Nitsche, A., Brinkmann, A. (Annika), Andrusch, A. (Andreas), Belka, A. (Ariane), Wylezich, C. (Claudia), Höper, D. (Dirk), Pohlmann, A. (Anne), Petersen, T.N. (Thomas Nordahl), Lucas, P. (Pierrick), Blanchard, Y. (Yannick), Papa, A. (Anna), Melidou, A. (Angeliki), Oude Munnink, B.B. (Bas B.), Matthijnssens, J. (Jelle), Deboutte, W. (Ward), Ellis, R.J. (Richard J.), Hansmann, F. (Florian), Baumgärtner, V. (Volkmar), Vries, E. (Erhard) van der, Osterhaus, A. (Albert), Camma, C. (Cesare), Mangone, I. (Iolanda), Lorusso, A. (Alessio), Marcacci, M. (Maurilia), Nunes, A. (Alexandra), Pinto, M. (Miguel), Borges, V. (Vítor), Kroneman, A. (Annelies), Schmitz, D. (Dennis), Corman, V.M. (Victor), Drosten, C. (Christian), Jones, T. (Terry), Hendriksen, R.S. (Rene S.), Aarestrup, F.M. (Frank), Koopmans D.V.M., M.P.G. (Marion), Beer, M. (Martin), and Nitsche, A.

Abstract

Quality management and independent assessment of high-throughput sequencing-based virus diagnostics have not yet been established as a mandatory approach for ensuring comparable results. The sensitivity and specificity of viral high-throughput sequence data analysis are highly affected by bioinformatics processing using publicly available and custom tools and databases and thus differ widely between individuals and institutions. Here we present the results of the COMPARE [Collaborative Management Platform for Detection and Analyses of (Re-) emerging and Foodborne Outbreaks in Europe] in silico virus proficiency test. An artificial, simulated in silico data set of Illumina HiSeq sequences was provided to 13 different European institutes for bioinformatics analysis to identify viral pathogens in high-throughput sequence data. Comparison of the participants’ analyses shows that the use of different tools, programs, and databases for bioinformatics analyses can impact the correct identification of viral sequences from a simple data set. The identification of slightly mutated and highly divergent virus genomes has been shown to be most challenging. Furthermore, the interpretation of the results, together with a fictitious case report, by the participants showed that in addition to the bioinformatics analysis, the virological evaluation of the results can be important in clinical settings. External quality assessment and proficiency testing should become an important part of validating high-throughput sequencing-based virus diagnostics and could improve the harmonization, comparability, and reproducibility of results. There is a need for the establishment of international proficiency testing, like that established for conventional laboratory tests such as PCR, for bioinformatics pipelines and the interpretation of such results.

Published
2019
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7. Co-circulation of genetically distinct highly pathogenic avian influenza A clade 2.3.4.4 (H5N6) viruses in wild waterfowl and poultry in Europe and East Asia, 2017-18

Author

Poen, M.J. (Marjolein), Venkatesh, D., Bestebroer, T.M. (Theo), Vuong, O. (Oanh), Scheuer, R.D. (Rachel), Munnink, BBO, Meulder, D. (Dennis) de, Richard, M., Kuiken, T. (Thijs), Koopmans D.V.M., M.P.G. (Marion), Kelder, L., Kim, Y-J. (Yong-Jin), Lee, YJ, Steensels, M., Lambrecht, B.N.M. (Bart), Dan, A., Pohlmann, A., Beer, M. (Martin), Savic, V., Brown, I.H. (Ian), Fouchier, R.A.M. (Ron), Lewis, NS, Poen, M.J. (Marjolein), Venkatesh, D., Bestebroer, T.M. (Theo), Vuong, O. (Oanh), Scheuer, R.D. (Rachel), Munnink, BBO, Meulder, D. (Dennis) de, Richard, M., Kuiken, T. (Thijs), Koopmans D.V.M., M.P.G. (Marion), Kelder, L., Kim, Y-J. (Yong-Jin), Lee, YJ, Steensels, M., Lambrecht, B.N.M. (Bart), Dan, A., Pohlmann, A., Beer, M. (Martin), Savic, V., Brown, I.H. (Ian), Fouchier, R.A.M. (Ron), and Lewis, NS

Abstract

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 clade 2.3.4.4 viruses were first introduced into Europe in late 2014 and reintroduced in late 2016, following detections in Asia and Russia. In contrast to the 2014–15 H5N8 wave, there was substantial local virus amplification in wild birds in Europe in 2016–17 and associated wild bird mortality, with evidence for occasional gene exchange with low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses. Since December 20

Published
2019
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8. Proficiency Testing of Virus Diagnostics Based on Bioinformatics Analysis of Simulated In Silico High-Throughput Sequencing Data Sets

Author

Brinkmann, A.O. (Albert), Andrusch, A., Belka, A., Wylezich, C., Hoper, D., Pohlmann, A., Petersen, T.N., Lucas, P., Blanchard, Y., Papa, A, Melidou, A., Munnink, BBO, Matthijnssens, J. (Jelle), Deboutte, W., Ellis, R.J. (Richard), Hansmann, F., Baumgartner, W, de Vries, E, Osterhaus, A., Camma, C., Mangone, I., Lorusso, A., Marcacci, M., Nunes, A., Pinto, M, Borges, V., Kroneman, A. (Annelies), Schmitz, D., Corman, V.M. (Victor), Drosten, C. (Christian), Jones, T.C. (Terry), Hendriksen, R.S., Aarestrup, F.M., Koopmans D.V.M., M.P.G. (Marion), Beer, M. (Martin), Nitsche, A, Brinkmann, A.O. (Albert), Andrusch, A., Belka, A., Wylezich, C., Hoper, D., Pohlmann, A., Petersen, T.N., Lucas, P., Blanchard, Y., Papa, A, Melidou, A., Munnink, BBO, Matthijnssens, J. (Jelle), Deboutte, W., Ellis, R.J. (Richard), Hansmann, F., Baumgartner, W, de Vries, E, Osterhaus, A., Camma, C., Mangone, I., Lorusso, A., Marcacci, M., Nunes, A., Pinto, M, Borges, V., Kroneman, A. (Annelies), Schmitz, D., Corman, V.M. (Victor), Drosten, C. (Christian), Jones, T.C. (Terry), Hendriksen, R.S., Aarestrup, F.M., Koopmans D.V.M., M.P.G. (Marion), Beer, M. (Martin), and Nitsche, A

Abstract

Quality management and independent assessment of high-throughput sequencing-based virus diagnostics have not yet been established as a mandatory approach for ensuring comparable results. The sensitivity and specificity of viral high-throughput sequence data analysis are highly affected by bioinformatics processing using publicly available and custom tools and databases and thus differ widely between individuals and institutions. Here we present the results of the COMPARE [Collaborative Management Platform for Detection and Analyses of (Re-) emerging and Foodborne Outbreaks in Europe] in silico virus proficiency test. An artificial, simulated in silico data set of Illumina HiSeq sequences was provided to 13 different European institutes for bioinformatics analysis to identify viral pathogens in high-throughput sequence data. Comparison of the participants’ analyses shows that the use of different tools, programs, and databases for bioinformatics analyses can impact the correct identification of viral sequences from a simple data set. The identification of slightly mutated and highly divergent virus genomes has been shown to be most challenging. Furthermore, the interpretation of the results, together with a fictitious case report, by the participants showed that in addition to the bioinformatics analysis, the virological evaluation of the results can be important in clinical settings. External quality assessment and proficiency testing should become an important part of validating high-throughput sequencing-based virus diagnostics and could improve the harmonization, comparability, and reproducibility of results. There is a need for the establishment of international proficiency testing, like that established for conventional laboratory tests such as PCR, for bioinformatics pipelines and the interpretation of such results.

Published
2019
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9. Distribution of zoonotic variegated squirrel bornavirus 1 in naturally infected variegated and Prevost’s squirrels

Author

Petzold, J. (Jana), Brand, J.M.A. (Judith) van den, Nobach, D. (Daniel), Hoffmann, B. (Bernd), Hoffmann, D. (Donata), Fast, C. (Christine), Reusken, C.B.E.M. (Chantal), Run, P.R.W.A. (Peter) van, Schlottau, K. (Kore), Beer, M. (Martin), Herden, C. (Christiane), Petzold, J. (Jana), Brand, J.M.A. (Judith) van den, Nobach, D. (Daniel), Hoffmann, B. (Bernd), Hoffmann, D. (Donata), Fast, C. (Christine), Reusken, C.B.E.M. (Chantal), Run, P.R.W.A. (Peter) van, Schlottau, K. (Kore), Beer, M. (Martin), and Herden, C. (Christiane)

Abstract

Recently, the zoonotic capacity of the newly discovered variegated squirrel bornavirus 1 (VSBV-1) was confirmed in humans with a lethal encephalitis. Transmission to humans occurred by variegated and Prevost’s squirrels as presumed reservoir hosts but possible ways of virus shedding and the route of infection still need to be elucidated. Thus, the tissue distribution of VSBV-1 antigen and RNA was investigated in detail via immunohistochemistry (IHC) in six variegated and eight Prevost’s squirrels and by in situ hybridisation (ISH) in one Prevost’s squirrel, respectively. VSBV-1 antigen and RNA positive cells were most numerous in the nervous system and were also found in nearly all tissues and different cell types indicating a broad organ and cell tropism of VSBV-1. Presence of VSBV-1 in several organs might indicate potential virus shedding via various routes and implies the risk of intra- and interspecies transmission, respectively.

Published
2019
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10. Taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales: update 2017

Author

Amarasinghe, G.K. (Gaya K.), Bào, Y. (Yīmíng), Basler, C.F. (Christopher F.), Bavari, S. (Sina), Beer, M. (Martin), Bejerman, N. (Nicolás), Blasdell, K.R. (Kim R.), Bochnowski, A. (Alisa), Briese, T. (Thomas), Bukreyev, A. (Alexander), Calisher, C.H. (Charles H.), Chandran, K. (Kartik), Collins, P.L. (Peter L.), Dietzgen, R.G. (Ralf G.), Dolnik, O. (Olga), Dürrwald, R. (Ralf), Dye, J.M. (John M.), Easton, A.J. (Andrew J.), Ebihara, H. (Hideki), Fang, Q. (Qi), Formenty, P. (Pierre), Fouchier, R.A.M. (Ron), Ghedin, E. (Elodie), Harding, R.M. (Robert M.), Hewson, R. (Roger), Higgins, C.M. (Colleen M.), Hong, J. (Jian), Horie, M. (Masayuki), James, A.P. (Anthony P.), Jiāng, D. (Dàohóng), Kobinger, G.P. (Gary P.), Kondo, H. (Hideki), Kurath, G. (Gael), Lamb, R.A. (Robert A.), Lee, B. (Benhur), Leroy, E.M. (Eric M.), Li, M. (Ming), Maisner, A. (Andrea), Mühlberger, E. (Elke), Netesov, S.V. (Sergey V.), Nowotny, N., Patterson, J.L. (Jean L.), Payne, S.L. (Susan L.), Paweska, J.T. (Janusz T.), Pearson, M.N. (Michael N.), Randall, R.E. (Rick E.), Revill, P.A. (Peter A.), Rima, B.K. (Bertus K.), Rota, P.A. (Paul), Rubbenstroth, D. (Dennis), Schwemmle, M. (Martin), Smither, S.J. (Sophie J.), Song, Q. (Qisheng), Stone, D.M. (David M.), Takada, A. (Ayato), Terregino, C. (Calogero), Tesh, R.B. (Robert B.), Tomonaga, K. (Keizo), Tordo, N. (Noël), Towner, J.S. (Jonathan S.), Vasilakis, N. (Nikos), Volchkov, V.E. (Viktor E.), Wahl-Jensen, V. (Victoria), Walker, P.J. (Peter J.), Wang, B. (Beibei), Wang, D. (David), Wang, F. (Fei), Wang, L.-F. (Lin-Fa), Werren, J.H. (John H.), Whitfield, A.E. (Anna E.), Yan, Z. (Zhichao), Ye, G. (Gongyin), Kuhn, J.H. (Jens H.), Amarasinghe, G.K. (Gaya K.), Bào, Y. (Yīmíng), Basler, C.F. (Christopher F.), Bavari, S. (Sina), Beer, M. (Martin), Bejerman, N. (Nicolás), Blasdell, K.R. (Kim R.), Bochnowski, A. (Alisa), Briese, T. (Thomas), Bukreyev, A. (Alexander), Calisher, C.H. (Charles H.), Chandran, K. (Kartik), Collins, P.L. (Peter L.), Dietzgen, R.G. (Ralf G.), Dolnik, O. (Olga), Dürrwald, R. (Ralf), Dye, J.M. (John M.), Easton, A.J. (Andrew J.), Ebihara, H. (Hideki), Fang, Q. (Qi), Formenty, P. (Pierre), Fouchier, R.A.M. (Ron), Ghedin, E. (Elodie), Harding, R.M. (Robert M.), Hewson, R. (Roger), Higgins, C.M. (Colleen M.), Hong, J. (Jian), Horie, M. (Masayuki), James, A.P. (Anthony P.), Jiāng, D. (Dàohóng), Kobinger, G.P. (Gary P.), Kondo, H. (Hideki), Kurath, G. (Gael), Lamb, R.A. (Robert A.), Lee, B. (Benhur), Leroy, E.M. (Eric M.), Li, M. (Ming), Maisner, A. (Andrea), Mühlberger, E. (Elke), Netesov, S.V. (Sergey V.), Nowotny, N., Patterson, J.L. (Jean L.), Payne, S.L. (Susan L.), Paweska, J.T. (Janusz T.), Pearson, M.N. (Michael N.), Randall, R.E. (Rick E.), Revill, P.A. (Peter A.), Rima, B.K. (Bertus K.), Rota, P.A. (Paul), Rubbenstroth, D. (Dennis), Schwemmle, M. (Martin), Smither, S.J. (Sophie J.), Song, Q. (Qisheng), Stone, D.M. (David M.), Takada, A. (Ayato), Terregino, C. (Calogero), Tesh, R.B. (Robert B.), Tomonaga, K. (Keizo), Tordo, N. (Noël), Towner, J.S. (Jonathan S.), Vasilakis, N. (Nikos), Volchkov, V.E. (Viktor E.), Wahl-Jensen, V. (Victoria), Walker, P.J. (Peter J.), Wang, B. (Beibei), Wang, D. (David), Wang, F. (Fei), Wang, L.-F. (Lin-Fa), Werren, J.H. (John H.), Whitfield, A.E. (Anna E.), Yan, Z. (Zhichao), Ye, G. (Gongyin), and Kuhn, J.H. (Jens H.)

Abstract

In 2017, the order Mononegavirales was expanded by the inclusion of a total of 69 novel species. Five new rhabdovirus genera and one new nyamivirus genus were established to harbor 41 of these species, whereas the remaining new species were assigned to already established genera. Furthermore, non-Latinized binomial species names replaced all paramyxovirus and pneumovirus species names, thereby accomplishing application of binomial species names throughout the entire order. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales as now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV).

Published
2017
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11. Variegated squirrel bornavirus 1 in squirrels, Germany and the Netherlands

Author

Schlottau, K. (Kore), Jenckel, M. (Maria), Brand, J.M.A. (Judith) van den, Fast, C. (Christine), Herden, C. (Christiane), Höper, D. (Dirk), Homeier-Bachmann, T. (Timo), Thielebein, J. (Jens), Mensing, N. (Niels), Diender, B. (Bert), Hoffmann, D. (Donata), Ulrich, R.G. (Rainer), Mettenleiter, T.C. (Thomas C.), Koopmans D.V.M., M.P.G. (Marion), Tappe, D. (Dennis), Schmidt-Chanasit, J. (Jonas), Reusken, C.B.E.M. (Chantal), Beer, M. (Martin), Hoffmann, B. (Bernd), Schlottau, K. (Kore), Jenckel, M. (Maria), Brand, J.M.A. (Judith) van den, Fast, C. (Christine), Herden, C. (Christiane), Höper, D. (Dirk), Homeier-Bachmann, T. (Timo), Thielebein, J. (Jens), Mensing, N. (Niels), Diender, B. (Bert), Hoffmann, D. (Donata), Ulrich, R.G. (Rainer), Mettenleiter, T.C. (Thomas C.), Koopmans D.V.M., M.P.G. (Marion), Tappe, D. (Dennis), Schmidt-Chanasit, J. (Jonas), Reusken, C.B.E.M. (Chantal), Beer, M. (Martin), and Hoffmann, B. (Bernd)

Abstract

We screened squirrels in Germany and the Netherlands for the novel zoonotic variegated squirrel bornavirus 1 (VSBV-1). The detection of VSBV-1 in 11 squirrels indicates a considerable risk for transmission to humans handling those animals. Therefore, squirrels in contact with humans should routinely be tested for VSBV-1.

Published
2017
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12. Evidence for Novel Hepaciviruses in Rodents

Author

Drexler, J.-F. (Jan-Felix), Corman, V.M. (Victor), Müller, M.A. (Marcel), Lukashev, A.N. (Alexander), Gmyl, A. (Anatoly), Coutard, B. (Bruno), Adam, A. (Alexander), Ritz, D. (Daniel), Leijten, L.M.E. (Lonneke), Riel, D.A.J. (Debby) van, Kallies, R. (Rene), Klose, R.J. (Robert), Gloza-Rausch, F. (Florian), Binger, T. (Tabea), Annan, A. (Augustina), Adu-Sarkodie, Y. (Yaw), Oppong, S. (Samuel), Bourgarel, M. (Mathieu), Rupp, I.P., Hoffmann, B. (Bernd), Schlegel, M. (Mathias), Kümmerer, B.M. (Beate), Krüger, D.H. (Detlev), Schmidt-Chanasit, J. (Jonas), Setién, A.A. (Alvaro Aguilar), Cottontail, V.M. (Veronika), Hemachudha, T. (Thiravat), Wacharapluesadee, S. (Supaporn), Osterrieder, K. (Klaus), Bartenschlager, R. (Ralf), Matthee, S. (Sonja), Beer, M. (Martin), Kuiken, T. (Thijs), Reusken, C.B.E.M. (Chantal), Leroy, E.M. (Eric), Ulrich, R.G. (Rainer), Drosten, C. (Christian), Drexler, J.-F. (Jan-Felix), Corman, V.M. (Victor), Müller, M.A. (Marcel), Lukashev, A.N. (Alexander), Gmyl, A. (Anatoly), Coutard, B. (Bruno), Adam, A. (Alexander), Ritz, D. (Daniel), Leijten, L.M.E. (Lonneke), Riel, D.A.J. (Debby) van, Kallies, R. (Rene), Klose, R.J. (Robert), Gloza-Rausch, F. (Florian), Binger, T. (Tabea), Annan, A. (Augustina), Adu-Sarkodie, Y. (Yaw), Oppong, S. (Samuel), Bourgarel, M. (Mathieu), Rupp, I.P., Hoffmann, B. (Bernd), Schlegel, M. (Mathias), Kümmerer, B.M. (Beate), Krüger, D.H. (Detlev), Schmidt-Chanasit, J. (Jonas), Setién, A.A. (Alvaro Aguilar), Cottontail, V.M. (Veronika), Hemachudha, T. (Thiravat), Wacharapluesadee, S. (Supaporn), Osterrieder, K. (Klaus), Bartenschlager, R. (Ralf), Matthee, S. (Sonja), Beer, M. (Martin), Kuiken, T. (Thijs), Reusken, C.B.E.M. (Chantal), Leroy, E.M. (Eric), Ulrich, R.G. (Rainer), and Drosten, C. (Christian)

Abstract

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is among the most relevant causes of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Research is complicated by a lack of accessible small animal models. The systematic investigation of viruses of small mammals could guide efforts to establish such models, while providing insight into viral evolutionary biology. We have assembled the so-far largest collection of small-mammal samples from around the world, qualified to be screened for bloodborne viruses, including sera and organs from 4,770 rodent

Published
2013
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