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Background: Increasing cesarean section delivery rates in India and world is a serious maternal health concern. It is important to understand the trends, reasons behind this change and to find ways to achieve optimum cesaerean section (CS) rates. As per the latest data national family health survey 2019-21 (NFHS 5), CS rates at population level in India seems to be 22% while WHO recommends 10-15% threshold. So, we aim to analyze trend of CS and evaluate it according to Robson’s 10 group classification at tertiary care hospital in Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, India. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at department of obstetrics and gynecology, Shyam Shah medical college Rewa for 3 years from May 2019 to April 2022 on all deliveries occurring on or after 28 weeks of gestation by cesarean section. Results: Total of 26552 deliveries over 3 years period were analyzed, of these 7484 were CSs (28.18%). Overall C section rate increased from 18.97% in 2019 to 39.95% in 2022. Major contributors to this increase were Robson’s group 5-32.58%, Robson’s group 1-29.45% and Robson’s group 2-12.22%. Conclusions: Robson’s group 1, 2 and 5 were major contributors to overall increased cesarean section rates. Fetal compromise, meconium aspiration risk, obstructed labor and cesarean scar tenderness were underlying indications for most of the cesarean sections done. Efforts should be made to implement standard protocol to reduce primary cesarean section rates.

Adolescence is the most vulnerable stage in human life for malnutrition. When the need for nutrients increases during the growth phase. The prevalence rate of malnutrition among adolescent girls (11-18 years) in 11 states and 16 districts, of which 7.1 per cent, was found to be severe anemia, in India, by the recent state-level nutrition plan. Malnutrition is affecting about 50 per cent of the population in India. This problem is affecting women more than men. An estimated 20-40 per cent of maternal deaths in India are due to malnutrition and one out of every two Indian women (56 %) suffers from some form of malnutrition. According to several studies, the prevalence of malnutrition is very high (80-90 %) among pre-school children, pregnant and lactating women and adolescent girls in India. According to a report, more than half (56 %) of adolescent girls in India suffer from malnutrition. Comparing the nutritional status of adolescent girls in India, it was found that 47 per cent of adolescent girls in the age group of 15-19 years in India are victims of undernutrition.

Aloe, a popular plant, has a long history as a versatile folk remedy. The plant can be alienated mainly into two products: gel and latex. Aloe vera gel is the leaf pulp or mucilage, aloe latex, commonly referred to as “aloe juice,” is a bitter yellow exudate from the pericyclic tubules just underneath the external skin of the leaves. Extracts of aloe gum efficiently improves glucose tolerance in diabetic rats as well as in normal rats. Treatment of long term however not solitary dose of exudates of Aloe barbadensis leaves impart hypoglycemia in alloxanized diabetic rats. Solitary as well as long term doses of acrimonious component of the same plant also displayed hypoglycemic effect in diabetic rats. This response of Aloe vera and its acrimonious component is by the stimulus of synthesis and/or release of insulin from pancreatic beta cells. Aloe vera also have got the anti-inflammatory potential in a dose reliant way and relieves wound in diabetic mice by healing activity. The current article highlights the biological activities of Aloe Vera.

Aloe vera is considered to evaluate over its properties to alleviate the dislipidemic and hyperglycemic conditions on animal models to raise fresh evidences, so that theplant or its extracts could be suggested confidently for its use for health endorsing potential medicinal plant. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of hydroethanolic extract of Aloe vera showed presence of phenols, tannin, steroids, terpenoids and glycosides. Total Phenol Content (mg GAE/g), Total Flavonoid Content (mg QE/g) of hydroethanolic extract of Aloe vera were, respectively 393.65 mg and flavonoid 334.947 μg/mg, respectively.

Malnutrition is caused by the absence of any essential nutritional factor in the diet, including defects in the formation of hemoglobin or low absorption of essential nutrients. Some malnutrition due to lack of iron in the diet or high quality protein, vitamin B6 deficiency which affects the heme protein in the synthesis of hemoglobin, vitamin E deficiency which affects the stability of the membranes of red blood cells it happens. Copper is not part of the hemoglobin molecule but it affects the absorption of iron in the liver. Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional disorder in the world. Worldwide, anemia is estimated to affect 2 billion people, or 30 per cent of the world’s population and is more severe in developing countries due to frequent malaria and insect infestation. It particularly affects women in the reproductive age group and young children in tropical and sub-tropical regions. The World Bank estimates that malnutrition is a direct contributor to global diseases. Malnutrition occurs at all stages of life, but is most common in pregnant women, young children and teenage girls. Iron deficiency and malnutrition are a major public health problem among teenagers. Studies indicate that anemia in teenagers increases with age and the rate of growth is highest during teenage.

The aim of this paper is to introduce the notion of $ \delta $-connectedness modulo an ideal in proximity spaces. A sufficient condition for a $ \delta $-connected modulo an ideal proximity space to be connected modulo an ideal is defined. The notion of $ \delta $-connectedness modulo a proximal property is defined, and several results for $ \delta $-connectedness modulo compactness and modulo pseudocompactness are obtained. $ \delta $-perfect map for proximity spaces is defined and it is shown that the class of $ \delta $-perfect maps is properly contained in the class of perfect maps, and some results about $ \delta $-perfect maps are substantiated.

Introduction- What are the measures for sustainable agricultural growth in India. Sustainability is a practice that is free from all the ill effects of past and present agricultural systems. Sustainable agriculture involves the use of most preferable energy sources like hydropower, wind farms or solar power which are eco-friendly. You can use the solar panels for heating systems and also for run pumping. In addition, hydroelectric power derived from river water can be used for various agricultural machinery. Sustainable agriculture practitioners seek to integrate three main goals into their work: a healthy environment, economic profitability, and social and economic equity. Food processors, distributors, producers, retailers, consumers and waste managers can play a role in ensuring a sustainable agricultural system. In addition, it is helpful in reducing greenhouse gas emission and conserving energy. Sustainable Agricultureis farming in a way that allows formore effective use of natural resources,reduces the environmental impact of agriculture, and increases capacity for climate change and climatic variability adaptationwithout endangering the ability of present or future generations to meet their own needs.Understanding ecological services may serve as the foundation of sustainable agriculture.

In this work, we examine the solvability of non-linear 2D Volterra integral equations through Petryshyn fixed point theorem in Banach space C([0, c] x [0, d]). Our work covers many previous results that occur in non-linear analysis and some real-world problems under some weaker conditions. The efficiency of our work is presented by some examples.

Background: Usually, hematolymphoid malignancies present as generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and cytopenias. However, sometimes, this may not be the scenario, and that is where the challenge arises. These unusual scenarios are present either in extranodal lymphoma or extramedullary acute leukemia, especially occurring at unusual sites and these often lays down a diagnostic dilemma. Aims: This study aims to evaluate the utility of extensive workup with amalgamation of radiological imaging, immunohistochemical panel, and flow-cytometry to diagnose these unusual hematolymphoid malignancies. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective observational study of results obtained from a series of nine patients with various unusual manifestations of extranodal lymphoma or acute leukemia at tertiary center of Northern India since the past 18 months. Results: All nine cases which showed variable and unusual clinical presentations were studied involving all available ancillary techniques in the form of immunohistochemistry (IHC), flow cytometry (FCM). These cases because of their unusual presentation in the form of recurrent pericardial/peritoneal effusion, abdominopelvic masses, chronic cervicitis, and subacute intestinal obstruction mimicked various neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions. IHC and/or FCM evaluating CD34, MPO, CD117 along with Tdt and B/T-cell markers played a vital role for a definitive diagnosis of aleukemic myeloid sarcoma primarily involving intestine, T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL) in ovary, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in ovary, cervix, and intestine with peritoneal carcinomatosis. Two cases of mediastinal masses revealed primary thymic B-cell lymphoma and T-cell LBL, respectively. Conclusion: Cases have highlighted the unusual clinical presentation of hematolymphoid malignancies and elicit the importance of providing a definitive opinion, which is mandatory to give appropriate effective and timely management for the best outcome.

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the notion of a μ-proximity base and to explore some properties and results of μ-proximity spaces. We show that the collection of all μ-proximities constitutes a complete lattice.

In this paper, we introduce the notion of weak connectedness ($Cl_{\mathcal{T}_{1}}$-$Cl_{\mathcal{T}_{2}}$-connectedness) and weak component ($Cl_{\mathcal{T}_{1}}$-$Cl_{\mathcal{T}_{2}}$-component) in bitopological spaces. Several properties of this notion are discussed.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate properties and results of the almost Hurewicz property in bitopological spaces. We characterize this property using $(i, j)$- regular open sets and almost continuous surjective map.

Being a woman is a well established risk factor for the development of cardiothoracic surgery-associated AKI. In striking contrast, women are less likely to develop AKI associated with noncardiac surgical procedures than men. In an attempt to ascertain why being a woman might be protective for ischemic AKI after general surgery but deleterious in patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery, we examined cardiothoracic surgery-associated AKI in greater detail.We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiothoracic surgery-associated AKI studies published between January of 1978 and December of 2015 to further explore the relationship between sex and cardiothoracic surgery-associated AKI.Sixty-four studies were identified that provided sex-specific data regarding the incidence of cardiothoracic surgery-associated AKI among 1,057,412 subjects. Using univariate analysis, women were more likely than men to develop AKI postoperatively (odds ratio, 1.21; 95% confidence interval, 1.09 to 1.33; P0.001). However, when the analysis was restricted to the 120,464 subjects reported in 29 studies that used the Acute Kidney Injury Network criteria, the RIFLE criteria, or the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria to define AKI, there was no significant sex-related difference in risk. Seventeen studies used multivariate analysis to assess risk factors for cardiothoracic surgery-associated AKI and provided sex-specific odd ratios. Among the 1,587,181 individuals included in these studies, the risk of developing cardiothoracic surgery-associated AKI was not significantly associated with sex (odds ratio, 1.04; 95% confidence interval, 0.92 to 1.19; P=0.51). However, when the analysis was restricted to the 5106 subjects reported in four studies that used the Acute Kidney Injury Network criteria to define AKI, the risk of developing AKI was significantly lower in women compared with in men (odds ratio, 0.75; 95% confidence interval, 0.65 to 0.87; P0.001).Our systematic review and meta-analysis contradict the generally held consensus that being a woman is an independent risk factor for the development of cardiothoracic surgery-associated AKI.

DIALYSIS IS NOT INDICATED IMMEDIATELY AFTER CONTRAST IN END STAGE RENAL DISEASE PATIENTS ON HEMODIALYSIS Sophie Kwok, Mamatha Chella, Beenu Singh, Anjali Acharya Albert Einstein College of Medicine (Jacobi Medical Center), Bronx, New York, United States. Contrast agents can cause renal injury and is associated with other complications, such as intravascular volume expansion and pulmonary edema. Contrast is removed efficiently by hemodialysis. Many radiologists encourage immediate dialysis after a procedure with contrast media because it may precipitate fluid overload, but when this risk becomes clinically significant is poorly understood. We undertook a retrospective chart review to determine if dialysis was required for pulmonary edema in patients with end stage renal disease on maintenance dialysis after administration of contrast media. We studied all patients who were on dialysis three times a week and received contrast procedures from January 2008 to November 2010. Only procedures requiring at least 50 ml of contrast were included. There were 104 radiographic studies (60 unique patients) that used intravascular contrast media. Five studies used ionic contrast medium (hypaque) and the remaining studies used non-ionic contrast media (omnipaque, visipaque). The studies were: two CT head, seven CT neck, 18 CT chest, 43 CT abdomen/pelvis, seven CT chest/abdomen/pelvis, one upper extremity CT, 11 angiographies of the lower extremities, eight cardiac catheterizations, and seven fistulograms. Average volume of contrast used was 117.2 ml (range 50 to 260 ml). After seven studies (6.7%), seven different patients were dialyzed for fluid overload earlier than their next scheduled dialysis; however, these patients were already in pulmonary edema prior to contrast administration. After three studies (2.9%), three different patients were dialyzed earlier because of hyperkalemia. None of the patients had post-procedural side effect of pulmonary edema that warranted dialysis before the next routinely scheduled session. The results of this study suggest that contrast agents may be given safely to patients with end stage renal disease on maintenance hemodialysis without the additional cost or inconvenience of emergent post-procedural dialysis.