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Mostafa M El-Sheekh,1 Samar Sami AlKafaas,2 Hadeer A Rady,1 Bassant E Abdelmoaty,2 Heba M Bedair,1 Abdelhamid A Ahmed,3 Mohamed T El-Saadony,4 Synan F AbuQamar,5 Khaled A El-Tarabily5 1Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt; 2Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Division of Biochemistry, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt; 3Plastic Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt; 4Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt; 5Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab EmiratesCorrespondence: Synan F AbuQamar; Khaled A El-Tarabily, Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates, Tel +971 3 713 6733 ; +971 3 713 6518, Fax +971 3 713 4927, Email sabuqamar@uaeu.ac.ae; ktarabily@uaeu.ac.aeAbstract: The necessity to engineer sustainable nanomaterials for the environment and human health has recently increased. Due to their abundance, fast growth, easy cultivation, biocompatibility and richness of secondary metabolites, algae are valuable biological source for the green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs). The aim of this review is to demonstrate the feasibility of using algal-based NPs for cancer treatment. Blue-green, brown, red and green micro- and macro-algae are the most commonly participating algae in the green synthesis of NPs. In this process, many algal bioactive compounds, such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, alkaloids, flavonoids and phenols, can catalyze the reduction of metal ions to NPs. In addition, many driving factors, including pH, temperature, duration, static conditions and substrate concentration, are involved to facilitate the green synthesis of algal-based NPs. Here, the biosynthesis, mechanisms and applications of algal-synthesized NPs in cancer therapy have b

The Mediterranean Basin is the world’s second richest hotspot, and one of the most important locations on the planet for endemic taxa. However, there is no available up-to-date list of Mediterranean endemics. Available data are frequently insufficient or outdated. Therefore, this study aimed at delimiting the Mediterranean floristic region in Egypt, screening its Mediterranean endemics, and determining their habitats, life forms, flowering periods, dispersal types and phyto-geographical distribution. From a list of 275 Mediterranean endemic taxa in Egypt compiled from literature, this study reduced it to 57 taxa (including species, subspecies and varieties; 20.7%) belonging to 46 genera and 22 families. Fifteen major habitats harbored Mediterranean endemics in Egypt, with coastal dunes (17 taxa = 29.8%) and non-saline depressions (16 taxa = 28.1%) being the most represented. Moreover, the Mareotis (west) subsector was the richest (46 taxa = 80.7%). The largest number of taxa was recorded in North African sub-region (52 taxa = 91.2%), followed by Eastern (levant) sub-region (36 taxa = 63.2%). Therophytes were the most recorded life form, while ballochory was the most represented dispersal type. In conclusion, it is crucial to shed the light on Mediterranean endemics and provide an up-to-date documented database to help future management plan that support their conservation and sustainable use., La cuenca Mediterránea es el segundo hotspot más rico del mun-do y uno de los lugares más importantes del planeta en taxones endémicos. Sin embargo, no existe una lista actualizada de taxones endémicos medi-terráneos. Los datos disponibles son frecuentemente insuficientes o están desactualizados. Por tanto, nuestro objetivo fue delimitar la región florística mediterránea en Egipto, seleccionar sus plantas endémicas mediterráneas y determinar sus hábitats, formas de vida, periodos de floración, tipos de dispersión y distribución fitogeográfica. Partiendo de una lista preliminar de 275 taxones endémicos del Mediterráneo presentes en Egipto recopilada de la bibliografía, este estudio redujo ese número a 57 taxones (incluyendo especies, subespecies y variedades; 20.7%) pertenecientes a 46 géneros y 22 familias. Las plantas endémicas mediterráneas de Egipto viven en quin-ce hábitats principales, siendo los más representativos las dunas costeras (17 taxones = 29.8%) y las depresiones no salinas (16 taxones = 28.1%). El subsector Mareotis (al oeste) fue el más rico (46 taxones = 80.7%), mien-tras que el mayor número de taxones se registró en la subregión del norte de África (52 taxones = 91.2%), seguida de la subregión del este (levante) (36 taxones = 63.2%). Los terófitos fueron la forma vital más registrada y la balocoria el tipo de dispersión más común. En conclusión, es crucial arrojar luz sobre las plantas endémicas del Mediterráneo y proporcionar una base de datos documentada y actualizada que ayude a planificar una gestión futura que promueva su conservación y uso sostenible.