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Objective: Present study aims to: 1) examine demographic correlates of LGB, asexual, or not sure participants; 2) describe the prevalence of diverse sexual behaviors; 3) assess the prevalence of event-level sexual behaviors; and 4) examine predictors of sexual pleasure. Participants: 761 non-heterosexual undergraduates at a large, public U.S. university. Methods: Randomly sampled undergraduate students completed a confidential, cross-sectional online survey. Results: Of 761 non-heterosexual respondents; 567 identified as LGB, 47 asexual, and 147 not sure. Asexual students, those not sure were less likely to report having engaged in solo and partnered sexual activities and report sexual activities being less pleasurable at most recent sexual event, compared with LGB students. This difference (relative to LGB) became nonsignificant when accounting for reported sexual activities. Conclusions: Our findings inform how college students define and experience their sexual identities and assist college health professionals in training on sexuality and prevention of risk factors.

The current study sought to better understand how leisure boredom is associated with alcohol use and how peer factors moderated the relationship between state and trait leisure boredom and past month alcohol use. The 2004 to 2008 multi-cohort study sample included 3,837 high school students (50% female; 91% mixed race; M[subscript age] = 14 years; SD = 0.83) in the Cape Town area of South Africa. Results of generalized multilevel models found peer factors (time spent with peers, injunctive friend norms, descriptive peer norms) and trait, but not state, leisure boredom significantly predicted past month alcohol use. Findings can inform alcohol prevention efforts and suggest both peer factors and trait leisure boredom are worthy targets for intervention. Specifically, supporting adolescents to effectively navigate experiences of leisure boredom may, in turn, reduce alcohol use.

Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease of indeterminate etiology. Women are more commonly affected than men at nearly twice the incidence with black women most commonly afflicted in the United States. Osseous spinal sarcoidosis (SS) is thought to be uncommon. Such lesions are often mistaken for metastatic disease, multiple myeloma, or disseminated fungal/granulomatous infection complicating the diagnosis, clinical course, and treatment. Patients presenting with clinical and imaging features of sarcoidosis may have normal serum laboratory values further complicating diagnosis. We present the case of a 61-year-old African American female with a diagnosis of osseous spinal sarcoidosis and normal calcium and ACE levels. Her initial presentation began with an incidentally discovered pulmonary nodule and was subsequently discovered to have multiple enlarging pulmonary nodules and widespread sclerotic lesions throughout her spine. This imaging presentation occurred before development of hilar adenopathy and cutaneous manifestations of sarcoidosis. Here, we describe her clinical course, exclusion of metastatic disease, and other confounders to arrive at the correct diagnosis.

Objective: We explored college students' sexual pleasure using a new self-report measure, the Body, Emotions, Sensations, Touch/Trust (B.E.S.T.) Scale of Sexual Pleasure. Participants: Data were from 3997 randomly sampled students with a partnered sexual experience. Methods: Students completed an online survey about their most recent partnered sexual experience. Data was collected in January 2020. Results: Students find the nonphysical aspects of partnered sex (e.g., emotions, trust, connection with partners) as pleasurable as physical aspects (e.g., behaviors engaged and received, bodily sensations). Self-reported arousal, wantedness, and emotional intimacy were the strongest correlates of male, female, and transgender/gender non-binary students' sexual pleasure. Few sexual behaviors were associated with sexual pleasure and only one -- cuddling for women -- was associated with greater sexual pleasure. Conclusions: Students find their partnered sexual experiences pleasurable. Students' sex may be more pleasurable when they feel ready for sex, desire sex, and feel close to their partners.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of long-distance relationships (LDRs) among college students and explore how relationship dynamics differed between LDRs and geographically close relationships (GCRs). Participants: Data were from romantically involved students (N = 2075) who participated in the 2020 College Sexual Health Survey. Methods: Students completed an online survey in which they reported their current romantic relationship status, if they were in a long-distance relationship, and relationship dynamics (happiness, commitment, and conflict). Results: Overall, 34.2% of romantically involved students were in LDRs, which were more common for first-year students, students in longer duration relationships, dating relationships, and Hispanic, Asian, and multiracial students. LDRs were less common for older students. Based on [chi square] tests, relationship happiness, commitment, and conflict did not differ based on LDR status. Conclusions: As LDRs are common, providing students with resources focused on navigating LDRs may help them manage their romantic relationships.

Drawing upon more than 12 million observations over the period from 1996 to 2020, we find that allowing for nonlinearities significantly increases the out-of-sample performance of option and stock characteristics in predicting future option returns. The nonlinear machine learning models generate statistically and economically sizable profits in the long-short portfolios of equity options even after accounting for transaction costs. Although option-based characteristics are the most important standalone predictors, stock-based measures offer substantial incremental predictive power when considered alongside option-based characteristics. Finally, we provide compelling evidence that option return predictability is driven by informational frictions and option mispricing. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix , which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Methods Results Discussion In the era of Dobbs, legality of abortion care in the United States depends upon state law. Even before Dobbs, while abortion remained legal mounting restrictions and debate surrounding legal abortion could have led to confusion about abortion legality and discouraged patients from accessing legal abortion. We hypothesized an association between believing abortion is illegal or uncertainty about legality with later timing of abortion care.We surveyed patients seeking abortion care in Ohio, West Virginia, and Kentucky from April 2020 to April 2021. We asked about their understanding of abortion legality at the time they were first deciding to have an abortion. Using unconditional logistic regression models, we examined associations between beliefs about abortion legality (measured as belief that abortion is legal or sometimes legal versus. illegal or unsure) and timing of abortion care (measured as trimester of abortion).Over half (57%) of the 1,479 patients who met eligibility criteria and completed the survey believed abortion was always legal, 21% thought abortion was sometimes legal, 12% believed abortion was illegal, and 10% did not know. Most (92%) had a first trimester abortion (<14 weeks gestation). Belief that abortion was illegal, or uncertainty about abortion legality, was not significantly associated with second trimester abortion care (unadjusted odds ratio [uOR]: 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.50–1.20). This association did not change meaningfully after adjusting for demographic and clinical variables (adjusted OR [aOR]: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.51–1.33).More than one in five patients presenting for abortion care in three abortion‐restrictive states prior to Dobbs erroneously believed that abortion was illegal or were unsure. Understanding of legality was not significantly associated with timing of abortion care. These misunderstandings could escalate under Dobbs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Divorce education programs seek to provide parents with information about various aspects of the divorce process, its consequences, and strategies for successful adjustment. Within those broad content areas, however, there are myriad of potential promotive‐, protective‐, and risk‐factors that programs could address. Thus, divorce education programs could benefit from further guidance about the content areas divorcing parents may find the most helpful. In the present study we aimed to describe what divorced parents felt had helped their families throughout the divorce process. We did so to promote further alignment between divorce education program content and what parents have found helpful. Specifically, we identified a typology of helpful post‐divorce family assets. Our findings suggest that though a plurality of divorcing parents benefit from a wide range of legal/professional, former spouse, and personal assets, the majority rely predominately upon their own parenting skills and resources, or perceive few beneficial assets to draw on. We contend divorce educators should consider incorporating further information on developing personal parenting skills or resources, and skillfully navigating legal or therapeutic systems, to further complement existing curricula. Key Points for the Family Court Community: Divorce education programs could benefit from further understanding of what divorced parents find helpful as they navigate family transitions.We identified three patterns of helpful assets: (1) Everything Helps (37.6% of sample); (2) Nothing Helps (34.2%); and (3) I Help Myself (28.2%).Across groups, the assets most likely to be seen as helpful were within parents' own control (e.g., their own parenting skills). Divorce education programs should consider expanding their focus on these individually controlled assets and skillfully navigating the legal system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For children in the United States, family instability following parental relationship dissolution is common and efforts to promote effective post‐divorce co‐parenting arrangements have grown substantially in recent decades. To help families navigate transitions through the divorce process, most states require divorcing parents to complete divorce education programming. In the present study we used pre‐post data from three divorce education programs (n = 1026 parents) to explore programmatic effects on self‐reported adjustment, intentions to co‐parent, and likelihood to relitigate, and attempt to determine mechanisms that may account for or explain those programmatic effects. Overall, we found support that these programs are able to impact perceived adjustment and co‐parenting intentions. Specifically, we documented small, but significant, increases in perceived adjustment and that post‐program adjustment was associated with greater intentions to engage in supportive co‐parenting with former spouses. Further, co‐parenting intentions were shaped by how useful parents found the programs with greater perceived utility being associated with more positive co‐parenting intentions. The relitigation outcomes, however, were not associated with post‐program adjustment or perceived program utility. Instead, they were primarily associated with pre‐program experiences such as the quality of co‐parenting prior to the program and whether an order of protection was present between co‐parents. Key Points for the Family Court Community: Though divorce education programs have numerous and varying goals, most programs share similar targeted metrics around intentions to cooperatively co‐parent and decrease the need for parents to relitigate, underlining why these metrics should be assessed in evaluation work.Perceived utility of a divorce education program can be instructive in understanding how well parents are supported by these programs. Parents with lower perceived adjustment before entering the program typically perceive programs have greater utility.Participants that perceive utility in the divorce education program they take are more likely to intend to co‐parent cooperatively, than those that do not find utility in their program.Intentions to relitigate do not seem tied to perceptions of adjustment or utility of the programs, but rather on pre‐existing contextual factors like the presence of intimate partner violence and the existing nature of the co‐parenting relationship. This finding lends to the body of literature suggesting the potential benefit for tailored programming and screening prior to placement in divorce education programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We explored how young adults discussed their experiences with singlehood and their reasons for being single. Background: Despite singlehood being normative during young adulthood, less research has focused on the diversity of singlehood compared to that of romantic involvement. Method: In Study 1, 35 young adults participated in in‐depth qualitative interviews about their romantic histories. We explored singlehood meanings and reasons in the context of their relationship histories. In Study 2 we used data from 155 single young adults to explore the factor structure, internal reliability, and initial validity of the Reasons for Being Single (RBS) scale, which we developed for this study. Results: In Study 1 we found that singlehood is not simply the time in‐between relationships, but represents its own, unique aspect of romantic development. In Study 2, our analyses indicated that the RBS was comprised of three subscales: (a) self‐defeating reasons, (b) self‐enhancing reasons, and (c) lack of interest. Self‐defeating reasons were negatively associated with young adult well‐being, whereas self‐enhancing and lack‐of‐interest reasons were positively associated with young adult well‐being. Conclusion: Singlehood, like other aspects of young adults' romantic lives, is a diverse and varied experience. Singlehood is also neither an entirely positive nor entirely negative experience. Yet, framing singlehood more positively may aid well‐being. Implications: Within relationship education, being single should be treated as a diverse experience. Helping single young adults gain clarity around why they are single and identify their romantic goals may increase the efficacy of relationship education efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Low lung function has been associated with increased body mass index (BMI). The aim of this study was to investigate whether the effect of BMI on lung function is mediated by DNA methylation. Methods We used individual data from 285,495 participants in four population-based cohorts: the European Community Respiratory Health Survey, the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966, the Swiss Study on Air Pollution and Lung Disease in Adults, and the UK Biobank. We carried out Mendelian randomisation (MR) analyses in two steps using a two-sample approach with SNPs as instrumental variables (IVs) in each step. In step 1 MR, we estimated the causal effect of BMI on peripheral blood DNA methylation (measured at genome-wide level) using 95 BMI-associated SNPs as IVs. In step 2 MR, we estimated the causal effect of DNA methylation on FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC using two SNPs acting as methQTLs occurring close (in cis) to CpGs identified in the first step. These analyses were conducted after exclusion of weak IVs (F statistic

We explored associations between parental alcohol communication (PCA) and student drinking behavior and protective behavioral strategies (PBS) use. College students in the United States, who had talked about alcohol with parents, (N = 251) completed an anonymous online survey in Fall 2021. Participants reported frequency of discussing 14 alcohol-related topics with parents, past 30-day drinking behaviors, and PBS use. We identified two forms of PCA: general alcohol information and alcohol risk information, with alcohol risk information being more common than general alcohol information. PCA was not significantly associated with drinking behavior but was associated with two types of PBS. Specifically, general alcohol information was associated with greater use of serious harm reduction and stopping or limiting drinking strategies. Additionally, legal drinking age status moderated the associations between both forms of PCA and the use of stopping or limiting drinking strategies. In general, underage students stopping or limiting drinking strategies benefited from general alcohol information but not alcohol risk information. Legal drinking age students stopping or limiting drinking strategies benefited from alcohol risk information. Among these students, PCA appears to have a greater impact on PBS use rather than drinking behavior. This may reflect a shift in students' beliefs about parental authority over alcohol and parents' acceptance of alcohol use by their children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The pathophysiological role of SERPINA1 in respiratory health may be more strongly determined by the regulation of its expression than by common genetic variants. A family based study of predominantly smoking adults found methylation at two Cytosine-phosphate-Guanine sites (CpGs) in SERPINA1 gene to be associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease risk. The objective of this study was to confirm the association of lung function with SERPINA1 methylation in general population samples by testing a comprehensive set of CpGs in the SERPINA gene cluster. We considered lung function level and decline in adult smokers from three European population-based cohorts and lung function level and growth in tobacco-smoke exposed children from a birth cohort. Methods DNA methylation using Illumina Infinium Human Methylation 450 k and EPIC beadchips and lung function were measured at two time points in 1076 SAPALDIA, ECRHS and NFBC adult cohort participants and 259 ALSPAC children. Associations of methylation at 119 CpG sites in the SERPINA gene cluster (PP4R4-SERPINA13P) with lung functions and circulating alpha-1-antitripsin (AAT) were assessed using multivariable cross-sectional and longitudinal regression models. Results Methylation at cg08257009 in the SERPINA gene cluster, located 32 kb downstream of SERPINA1, not annotated to a gene, was associated with FEV1/FVC at the Bonferroni corrected level in adults, but not in children. None of the methylation signals in the SERPINA1 gene showed associations with lung function after correcting for multiple testing. Conclusions The results do not support a role of SERPINA1 gene methylation as determinant of lung function across the life course in the tobacco smoke exposed general population exposed.

Objective: The goal was to explore if perceived romantic relationship importance moderated associations between single status and young adults' positive well‐being. Background: Singlehood is often framed within a deficit framework, with the expectation that being single during young adulthood may be costly for well‐being. That approach, however, does not account for young adults' romantic goals, which may shape how being single is connected to well‐being. Method: Participants were 909 American young adults, ages 18–35 (M = 26.6, 51% female, 81% heterosexual, 58% White, non‐Hispanic), who completed an online survey in December 2019. Results: Being single, compared to having a romantic partner, was associated with lower love life satisfaction, general life satisfaction, and flourishing. However, the associations with general life and love life satisfaction were attenuated by relationship dismissal. Conclusion: Although single young adults reported lower general and love life satisfaction and flourishing, when perceptions of relationship importance were taken into account, relationship dismissal ameliorated the effect of being single on love life satisfaction and general life satisfaction. Placing less importance on romantic relationships may be a promotive factor for single young adults' positive well‐being. Implications: These findings have implications for supporting young adults' positive well‐being, particularly by framing singlehood as normative and, in some cases, preferable to romantic involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Present study aims to: 1) examine demographic correlates of LGB, asexual, or not sure participants 2) describe the prevalence of diverse sexual behaviors, 3) assess the prevalence of event-level sexual behaviors and 4) examine predictors of sexual pleasure. 761 non-heterosexual undergraduates at a large, public U.S. university. Randomly sampled undergraduate students completed a confidential, cross-sectional online survey. Of 761 non-heterosexual respondents; 567 identified as LGB, 47 asexual, and 147 not sure. Asexual students, those not sure were less likely to report having engaged in solo and partnered sexual activities and report sexual activities being less pleasurable at most recent sexual event, compared with LGB students. This difference (relative to LGB) became nonsignificant when accounting for reported sexual activities. Our findings inform how college students define and experience their sexual identities and assist college health professionals in training on sexuality and prevention of risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although adolescents' sexual health is generally better when parents and adolescents communicate about sex and sexuality, researchers have found parents can be reluctant to engage adolescents in conversations about those topics. To better understand why, we reviewed prior literature and identified four types of parent-based barriers to communication with adolescents about sex: limited sexual health knowledge, believing adolescents are not ready to discuss sex, discomfort discussing sex, and demographic factors. We then used the Theory of Planned Behavior to develop recommendations for how health educators can address these barriers, thereby increasing parent-adolescent sexual health communication.

Objective: We explored college students' sexual pleasure using a new self-report measure, the Body, Emotions, Sensations, Touch/Trust (B.E.S.T.) Scale of Sexual Pleasure. Participants: Data were from 3997 randomly sampled students with a partnered sexual experience. Methods: Students completed an online survey about their most recent partnered sexual experience. Data was collected in January 2020. Results: Students find the nonphysical aspects of partnered sex (e.g., emotions, trust, connection with partners) as pleasurable as physical aspects (e.g., behaviors engaged and received, bodily sensations). Self-reported arousal, wantedness, and emotional intimacy were the strongest correlates of male, female, and transgender/gender non-binary students' sexual pleasure. Few sexual behaviors were associated with sexual pleasure and only one - cuddling for women - was associated with greater sexual pleasure. Conclusions: Students find their partnered sexual experiences pleasurable. Students' sex may be more pleasurable when they feel ready for sex, desire sex, and feel close to their partners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]