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1. Age-Related Differences in Prestimulus EEG Affect ERPs and Behaviour in the Equiprobable Go/NoGo Task

Author

Robert J. Barry, Frances M. De Blasio, Adam R. Clarke, Alexander T. Duda, and Beckett S. Munford

Subjects
prestimulus EEG components, poststimulus ERP components, behaviour, temporal and frequency PCA, developmental brain dynamics, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

Detailed studies of the equiprobable auditory Go/NoGo task have allowed for the development of a sequential-processing model of the perceptual and cognitive processes involved. These processes are reflected in various components differentiating the Go and NoGo event-related potentials (ERPs). It has long been established that electroencephalography (EEG) changes through normal lifespan development. It is also known that ERPs and behaviour in the equiprobable auditory Go/NoGo task change from children to young adults, and again in older adults. Here, we provide a novel examination of links between in-task prestimulus EEG, poststimulus ERPs, and behaviour in three gender-matched groups: children (8–12 years), young adults (18–24 years), and older adults (59–74 years). We used a frequency Principal Component Analysis (f-PCA) to estimate prestimulus EEG components and a temporal Principal Component Analysis (t-PCA) to separately estimate poststimulus ERP Go and NoGo components in each age group to avoid misallocation of variance. The links between EEG components, ERP components, and behavioural measures differed markedly between the groups. The young adults performed best and accomplished this with the simplest EEG–ERP–behaviour brain dynamics pattern. The children performed worst, and this was reflected in the most complex brain dynamics pattern. The older adults showed some reduction in performance, reflected in an EEG–ERP–behaviour pattern with intermediate complexity between those of the children and young adults. These novel brain dynamics patterns hold promise for future developmental research.

Published
2024
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4. Age-Related Differences in Prestimulus EEG Affect ERPs and Behaviour in the Equiprobable Go/NoGo Task.

Author

Barry, Robert J., De Blasio, Frances M., Clarke, Adam R., Duda, Alexander T., and Munford, Beckett S.

Subjects
YOUNG adults, EVOKED potentials (Electrophysiology), PRINCIPAL components analysis, AGE groups, ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY
Abstract

Detailed studies of the equiprobable auditory Go/NoGo task have allowed for the development of a sequential-processing model of the perceptual and cognitive processes involved. These processes are reflected in various components differentiating the Go and NoGo event-related potentials (ERPs). It has long been established that electroencephalography (EEG) changes through normal lifespan development. It is also known that ERPs and behaviour in the equiprobable auditory Go/NoGo task change from children to young adults, and again in older adults. Here, we provide a novel examination of links between in-task prestimulus EEG, poststimulus ERPs, and behaviour in three gender-matched groups: children (8–12 years), young adults (18–24 years), and older adults (59–74 years). We used a frequency Principal Component Analysis (f-PCA) to estimate prestimulus EEG components and a temporal Principal Component Analysis (t-PCA) to separately estimate poststimulus ERP Go and NoGo components in each age group to avoid misallocation of variance. The links between EEG components, ERP components, and behavioural measures differed markedly between the groups. The young adults performed best and accomplished this with the simplest EEG–ERP–behaviour brain dynamics pattern. The children performed worst, and this was reflected in the most complex brain dynamics pattern. The older adults showed some reduction in performance, reflected in an EEG–ERP–behaviour pattern with intermediate complexity between those of the children and young adults. These novel brain dynamics patterns hold promise for future developmental research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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15. The Anglo-Saxon migration and the formation of the early English gene pool

Author

Gretzinger, J, Sayer, D, Justeau, P, Altena, E, Pala, M, Dulias, K, Edwards, CJ, Jodoin, S, Lacher, L, Sabin, S, Vågene, ÅJ, Haak, W, Ebenesersdóttir, SS, Moore, KHS, Radzeviciute, R, Schmidt, K, Brace, S, Bager, MA, Patterson, N, Papac, L, Broomandkhoshbacht, N, Callan, K, Harney, É, Iliev, L, Lawson, AM, Michel, M, Stewardson, K, Zalzala, F, Rohland, N, Kappelhoff-Beckmann, S, Both, F, Winger, D, Neumann, D, Saalow, L, Krabath, S, Beckett, S, Van Twest, M, Faulkner, N, Read, C, Barton, T, Caruth, J, Hines, J, Krause-Kyora, B, Warnke, U, Schuenemann, VJ, Barnes, I, Dahlström, H, Clausen, JJ, Richardson, A, Popescu, E, Dodwell, N, Ladd, S, Phillips, T, Mortimer, R, Sayer, F, Swales, D, Stewart, A, Powlesland, D, Kenyon, R, Ladle, L, Peek, C, Grefen-Peters, S, Ponce, P, Daniels, R, Spall, C, Woolcock, J, Jones, AM, Roberts, AV, Symmons, R, Rawden, AC, Cooper, A, Bos, KI, Booth, T, Schroeder, H, Thomas, MG, Helgason, A, Richards, MB, Reich, D, Krause, J, Schiffels, S, Gretzinger, J, Sayer, D, Justeau, P, Altena, E, Pala, M, Dulias, K, Edwards, CJ, Jodoin, S, Lacher, L, Sabin, S, Vågene, ÅJ, Haak, W, Ebenesersdóttir, SS, Moore, KHS, Radzeviciute, R, Schmidt, K, Brace, S, Bager, MA, Patterson, N, Papac, L, Broomandkhoshbacht, N, Callan, K, Harney, É, Iliev, L, Lawson, AM, Michel, M, Stewardson, K, Zalzala, F, Rohland, N, Kappelhoff-Beckmann, S, Both, F, Winger, D, Neumann, D, Saalow, L, Krabath, S, Beckett, S, Van Twest, M, Faulkner, N, Read, C, Barton, T, Caruth, J, Hines, J, Krause-Kyora, B, Warnke, U, Schuenemann, VJ, Barnes, I, Dahlström, H, Clausen, JJ, Richardson, A, Popescu, E, Dodwell, N, Ladd, S, Phillips, T, Mortimer, R, Sayer, F, Swales, D, Stewart, A, Powlesland, D, Kenyon, R, Ladle, L, Peek, C, Grefen-Peters, S, Ponce, P, Daniels, R, Spall, C, Woolcock, J, Jones, AM, Roberts, AV, Symmons, R, Rawden, AC, Cooper, A, Bos, KI, Booth, T, Schroeder, H, Thomas, MG, Helgason, A, Richards, MB, Reich, D, Krause, J, and Schiffels, S

Abstract

The history of the British Isles and Ireland is characterized by multiple periods of major cultural change, including the influential transformation after the end of Roman rule, which precipitated shifts in language, settlement patterns and material culture1. The extent to which migration from continental Europe mediated these transitions is a matter of long-standing debate2–4. Here we study genome-wide ancient DNA from 460 medieval northwestern Europeans—including 278 individuals from England—alongside archaeological data, to infer contemporary population dynamics. We identify a substantial increase of continental northern European ancestry in early medieval England, which is closely related to the early medieval and present-day inhabitants of Germany and Denmark, implying large-scale substantial migration across the North Sea into Britain during the Early Middle Ages. As a result, the individuals who we analysed from eastern England derived up to 76% of their ancestry from the continental North Sea zone, albeit with substantial regional variation and heterogeneity within sites. We show that women with immigrant ancestry were more often furnished with grave goods than women with local ancestry, whereas men with weapons were as likely not to be of immigrant ancestry. A comparison with present-day Britain indicates that subsequent demographic events reduced the fraction of continental northern European ancestry while introducing further ancestry components into the English gene pool, including substantial southwestern European ancestry most closely related to that seen in Iron Age France5,6.

Published
2022

16. Reducing Antibiotic Use in a Level III and Two Level II Neonatal Intensive Care Units Targeting Prescribing Practices for Both Early and Late-onset Sepsis: A Quality Improvement Project

Author

Doron J. Kahn, Beckett S. Perkins, Claire E. Barrette, and Robert Godin

Subjects
Building and Construction
Abstract

Variation in antibiotic (ATB) use exists between neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) without demonstrated benefit to outcomes tested. Studies show that early-onset sepsis occurs in up to 2% of NICU patients, yet antibiotics (ABX) were started in over 50% of neonates admitted to our NICUs. An internal audit identified variations in prescribing practices and excessive use of ABX. As a result, we introduced ATB stewardship to our NICUs in 2015 to reduce unnecessary usage of these medications.We used standard quality improvement methodology utilizing multiple iterative plan-do-study-act cycles during a 6-year project to test various interventions aimed at using ABX wisely. Specifically, our goals were to reduce ABX on admission (AA), percent of patients who continued on ABX beyond 72 hours of life (AC), and ATB utilization rate in our 3 NICUs by 28% for each metric. Interventions implemented included the development of an ATB stewardship program consisting of a multidisciplinary team that met regularly, creation of tools and guidelines for evaluations of sepsis and ATB use, universal use of the neonatal early-onset sepsis calculator for all newborns 34 weeks and older gestational age, education regarding noninitiation of ABX for maternal indications in clinically well newborns, and discontinuation within 48 hours for asymptomatic newborns with negative blood cultures.AA, AC, and ATB utilization rate decreased by 34.1%, 45.3%, and 34.9%, respectively, in our 3 NICUs.By introducing ATB stewardship in our NICUs, we exceeded our predetermined goal of significantly reducing ATB usage.

Published
2021

23. Ten millennia of hepatitis B virus evolution

Author

Kocher, A, Papac, L, Barquera, R, Key, FM, Spyrou, MA, Hubler, R, Rohrlach, AB, Aron, F, Stahl, R, Wissgott, A, van Bommel, F, Pfefferkorn, M, Mittnik, A, Villalba-Mouco, V, Neumann, GU, Rivollat, M, van de Loosdrecht, MS, Majander, K, Tukhbatova, R, Musralina, L, Ghalichi, A, Penske, S, Sabin, S, Michel, M, Gretzinger, J, Nelson, EA, Ferraz, T, Nagele, K, Parker, C, Keller, M, Guevara, EK, Feldman, M, Eisenmann, S, Skourtanioti, E, Giffin, K, Gnecchi-Ruscone, GA, Friederich, S, Schimmenti, V, Khartanovich, V, Karapetian, MK, Chaplygin, MS, Kufterin, VV, Khokhlov, AA, Chizhevsky, AA, Stashenkov, DA, Kochkina, AF, Tejedor-Rodriguez, C, Garcia-Martinez de Lagran, I, Arcusa-Magallon, H, Garrido-Pena, R, Ignacio Royo-Guillen, J, Novacek, J, Rottier, S, Kacki, S, Saintot, S, Kaverzneva, E, Belinskiy, AB, Veleminsky, P, Limbursky, P, Kostka, M, Loe, L, Popescu, E, Clarke, R, Lyons, A, Mortimer, R, Sajantila, A, Chinique de Armas, Y, Hernandez Godoy, ST, Hernandez-Zaragoza, D, Pearson, J, Binder, D, Lefranc, P, Kantorovich, AR, Maslov, VE, Lai, L, Zoledziewska, M, Beckett, JF, Langova, M, Ingman, T, Garcia Atienzar, G, de Miguel Ibanez, MP, Romero, A, Sperduti, A, Beckett, S, Salter, SJ, Zilivinskaya, ED, Vasil, DV, von Heyking, K, Burger, RL, Salazar, LC, Amkreutz, L, Navruzbekov, M, Rosenstock, E, Alonso-Fernandez, C, Slavchev, V, Kalmykov, AA, Atabiev, BC, Batieva, E, Alvarez Calmet, M, Llamas, B, Schultz, M, Krauss, R, Jimenez-Echevarria, J, Francken, M, Shnaider, S, de Knijff, P, Altena, E, Van de Vijver, K, Fehren-Schmitz, L, Tung, TA, Losch, S, Dobrovolskaya, M, Makarov, N, Read, C, Van Twest, M, Sagona, C, Ramsl, PC, Akar, M, Yener, KA, Carmona Ballestero, E, Cucca, F, Mazzarello, V, Utrilla, P, Rademaker, K, Fernandez-Dominguez, E, Baird, D, Semal, P, Marquez-Morfin, L, Roksandic, M, Steiner, H, Carlos Salazar-Garcia, D, Shishlina, N, Erdal, YS, Hallgren, F, Boyadzhiev, Y, Boyadzhiev, K, Kuessner, M, Sayer, D, Onkamo, P, Skeates, R, Rojo-Guerra, M, Buzhilova, A, Khussainova, E, Djansugurova, LB, Beisenov, AZ, Samashev, Z, Massy, K, Mannino, M, Moiseyev, V, Mannermaa, K, Balanovsky, O, Deguilloux, M-F, Reinhold, S, Hansen, S, Kitov, EP, Dobes, M, Ernee, M, Meller, H, Alt, KW, Prufer, K, Warinner, C, Schiffels, S, Stockhammer, PW, Bos, K, Posth, C, Herbig, A, Haak, W, Krause, J, Kuehnert, D, Kocher, A, Papac, L, Barquera, R, Key, FM, Spyrou, MA, Hubler, R, Rohrlach, AB, Aron, F, Stahl, R, Wissgott, A, van Bommel, F, Pfefferkorn, M, Mittnik, A, Villalba-Mouco, V, Neumann, GU, Rivollat, M, van de Loosdrecht, MS, Majander, K, Tukhbatova, R, Musralina, L, Ghalichi, A, Penske, S, Sabin, S, Michel, M, Gretzinger, J, Nelson, EA, Ferraz, T, Nagele, K, Parker, C, Keller, M, Guevara, EK, Feldman, M, Eisenmann, S, Skourtanioti, E, Giffin, K, Gnecchi-Ruscone, GA, Friederich, S, Schimmenti, V, Khartanovich, V, Karapetian, MK, Chaplygin, MS, Kufterin, VV, Khokhlov, AA, Chizhevsky, AA, Stashenkov, DA, Kochkina, AF, Tejedor-Rodriguez, C, Garcia-Martinez de Lagran, I, Arcusa-Magallon, H, Garrido-Pena, R, Ignacio Royo-Guillen, J, Novacek, J, Rottier, S, Kacki, S, Saintot, S, Kaverzneva, E, Belinskiy, AB, Veleminsky, P, Limbursky, P, Kostka, M, Loe, L, Popescu, E, Clarke, R, Lyons, A, Mortimer, R, Sajantila, A, Chinique de Armas, Y, Hernandez Godoy, ST, Hernandez-Zaragoza, D, Pearson, J, Binder, D, Lefranc, P, Kantorovich, AR, Maslov, VE, Lai, L, Zoledziewska, M, Beckett, JF, Langova, M, Ingman, T, Garcia Atienzar, G, de Miguel Ibanez, MP, Romero, A, Sperduti, A, Beckett, S, Salter, SJ, Zilivinskaya, ED, Vasil, DV, von Heyking, K, Burger, RL, Salazar, LC, Amkreutz, L, Navruzbekov, M, Rosenstock, E, Alonso-Fernandez, C, Slavchev, V, Kalmykov, AA, Atabiev, BC, Batieva, E, Alvarez Calmet, M, Llamas, B, Schultz, M, Krauss, R, Jimenez-Echevarria, J, Francken, M, Shnaider, S, de Knijff, P, Altena, E, Van de Vijver, K, Fehren-Schmitz, L, Tung, TA, Losch, S, Dobrovolskaya, M, Makarov, N, Read, C, Van Twest, M, Sagona, C, Ramsl, PC, Akar, M, Yener, KA, Carmona Ballestero, E, Cucca, F, Mazzarello, V, Utrilla, P, Rademaker, K, Fernandez-Dominguez, E, Baird, D, Semal, P, Marquez-Morfin, L, Roksandic, M, Steiner, H, Carlos Salazar-Garcia, D, Shishlina, N, Erdal, YS, Hallgren, F, Boyadzhiev, Y, Boyadzhiev, K, Kuessner, M, Sayer, D, Onkamo, P, Skeates, R, Rojo-Guerra, M, Buzhilova, A, Khussainova, E, Djansugurova, LB, Beisenov, AZ, Samashev, Z, Massy, K, Mannino, M, Moiseyev, V, Mannermaa, K, Balanovsky, O, Deguilloux, M-F, Reinhold, S, Hansen, S, Kitov, EP, Dobes, M, Ernee, M, Meller, H, Alt, KW, Prufer, K, Warinner, C, Schiffels, S, Stockhammer, PW, Bos, K, Posth, C, Herbig, A, Haak, W, Krause, J, and Kuehnert, D

Abstract

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been infecting humans for millennia and remains a global health problem, but its past diversity and dispersal routes are largely unknown. We generated HBV genomic data from 137 Eurasians and Native Americans dated between ~10,500 and ~400 years ago. We date the most recent common ancestor of all HBV lineages to between ~20,000 and 12,000 years ago, with the virus present in European and South American hunter-gatherers during the early Holocene. After the European Neolithic transition, Mesolithic HBV strains were replaced by a lineage likely disseminated by early farmers that prevailed throughout western Eurasia for ~4000 years, declining around the end of the 2nd millennium BCE. The only remnant of this prehistoric HBV diversity is the rare genotype G, which appears to have reemerged during the HIV pandemic.

Published
2021

24. Ten millennia of hepatitis B virus evolution

Author

Ingman, Tara, Kocher, A.; Papac, L.; Barquera, R.; Key, FM.; Spyrou, MA.; Hubler, R.; Rohrlach, AB.; Aron, F.; Stahl, R.; Wissgott, A.; van Bommel, F.; Pfefferkorn, M.; Mittnik, A.; Villalba-Mouco, V.; Neumann, GU.; Rivollat, M.; van de Loosdrecht, MS.; Majander, K.; Tukhbatova, RI.; Musralina, L.; Ghalichi, A.; Penske, S.; Sabin, S.; Michel, M.; Gretzinger, J.; Nelson, EA.; Ferraz, T.; Nagele, K.; Parker, C.; Keller, M.; Guevara, EK.; Feldman, M.; Eisenmann, S.; Skourtanioti, E.; Giffin, K.; Gnecchi-Ruscone, GA.; Friederich, S.; Schimmenti, V.; Khartanovich, V.; Karapetian, MK.; Chaplygin, MS.; Kufterin, VV.; Khokhlov, AA.; Chizhevsky, AA.; Stashenkov, DA.; Kochkina, AF.; Tejedor-Rodriguez, C.; de Lagran, IGM.; Arcusa-Magallon, H.; Garrido-Pena, R.; Royo-Guillen, JI.; Novacek, J.; Rottier, S.; Kacki, S.; Saintot, S.; Kaverzneva, E.; Belinskiy, AB.; Veleminsky, P.; Limbursky, P.; Kostka, M.; Loe, L.; Popescu, E.; Clarke, R.; Lyons, A.; Mortimer, R.; Sajantila, A.; de Armas, YC.; Godoy, STH.; Hernandez-Zaragoza, DI.; Pearson, J.; Binder, D.; Lefranc, P.; Kantorovich, AR.; Maslov, VE.; Lai, L.; Zoledziewska, M.; Beckett, JF.; Langova, M.; Atienzar, GG.; Ibanez, MPD; Romero, A.; Sperduti, A.; Beckett, S.; Salter, SJ.; Zilivinskaya, ED.; Vasil, DV.; von Heyking, K.; Burger, RL.; Salazar, LC.; Amkreutz, L.; Navruzbekov, M.; Rosenstock, E.; Alonso-Fernandez, C.; Slavchev, V.; Kalmykov, AA.; Atabiev, BC.; Batieva, E; Calmet, MA.; Llamas, B.; Schultz, M.; Krauss, R.; Jimenez-Echevarria, J.; Francken, M.; Shnaider, S.; de Knijff, P.; Altena, E.; Van de Vijver, K.; Fehren-Schmitz, L.; Tung, TA.; Losch, S.; Dobrovolskaya, M.; Makarov, N.; Read, C.; Van Twest, M.; Sagona, C.; Ramsl, PC.; Akar, M.; Yener, KA.; Ballestero, EC.; Cucca, F.; Mazzarello, V.; Utrilla, P.; Rademaker, K.; Fernandez-Dominguez, E.; Baird, D.; Semal, P.; Marquez-Morfin, L; Roksandic, M.; Steiner, H.; Salazar-Garcia, DC.; Shishlina, N. Erdal, YS.; Hallgren, F.; Boyadzhiev, Y.; Boyadzhiev, K.; Kussner, M.; Sayer, D.; Onka, Koç University Research Center for Anatolian Civilizations (ANAMED) / Koç Üniversitesi Anadolu Medeniyetleri Araştırma Merkezi (ANAMED), Ingman, Tara, Kocher, A.; Papac, L.; Barquera, R.; Key, FM.; Spyrou, MA.; Hubler, R.; Rohrlach, AB.; Aron, F.; Stahl, R.; Wissgott, A.; van Bommel, F.; Pfefferkorn, M.; Mittnik, A.; Villalba-Mouco, V.; Neumann, GU.; Rivollat, M.; van de Loosdrecht, MS.; Majander, K.; Tukhbatova, RI.; Musralina, L.; Ghalichi, A.; Penske, S.; Sabin, S.; Michel, M.; Gretzinger, J.; Nelson, EA.; Ferraz, T.; Nagele, K.; Parker, C.; Keller, M.; Guevara, EK.; Feldman, M.; Eisenmann, S.; Skourtanioti, E.; Giffin, K.; Gnecchi-Ruscone, GA.; Friederich, S.; Schimmenti, V.; Khartanovich, V.; Karapetian, MK.; Chaplygin, MS.; Kufterin, VV.; Khokhlov, AA.; Chizhevsky, AA.; Stashenkov, DA.; Kochkina, AF.; Tejedor-Rodriguez, C.; de Lagran, IGM.; Arcusa-Magallon, H.; Garrido-Pena, R.; Royo-Guillen, JI.; Novacek, J.; Rottier, S.; Kacki, S.; Saintot, S.; Kaverzneva, E.; Belinskiy, AB.; Veleminsky, P.; Limbursky, P.; Kostka, M.; Loe, L.; Popescu, E.; Clarke, R.; Lyons, A.; Mortimer, R.; Sajantila, A.; de Armas, YC.; Godoy, STH.; Hernandez-Zaragoza, DI.; Pearson, J.; Binder, D.; Lefranc, P.; Kantorovich, AR.; Maslov, VE.; Lai, L.; Zoledziewska, M.; Beckett, JF.; Langova, M.; Atienzar, GG.; Ibanez, MPD; Romero, A.; Sperduti, A.; Beckett, S.; Salter, SJ.; Zilivinskaya, ED.; Vasil, DV.; von Heyking, K.; Burger, RL.; Salazar, LC.; Amkreutz, L.; Navruzbekov, M.; Rosenstock, E.; Alonso-Fernandez, C.; Slavchev, V.; Kalmykov, AA.; Atabiev, BC.; Batieva, E; Calmet, MA.; Llamas, B.; Schultz, M.; Krauss, R.; Jimenez-Echevarria, J.; Francken, M.; Shnaider, S.; de Knijff, P.; Altena, E.; Van de Vijver, K.; Fehren-Schmitz, L.; Tung, TA.; Losch, S.; Dobrovolskaya, M.; Makarov, N.; Read, C.; Van Twest, M.; Sagona, C.; Ramsl, PC.; Akar, M.; Yener, KA.; Ballestero, EC.; Cucca, F.; Mazzarello, V.; Utrilla, P.; Rademaker, K.; Fernandez-Dominguez, E.; Baird, D.; Semal, P.; Marquez-Morfin, L; Roksandic, M.; Steiner, H.; Salazar-Garcia, DC.; Shishlina, N. Erdal, YS.; Hallgren, F.; Boyadzhiev, Y.; Boyadzhiev, K.; Kussner, M.; Sayer, D.; Onka, and Koç University Research Center for Anatolian Civilizations (ANAMED) / Koç Üniversitesi Anadolu Medeniyetleri Araştırma Merkezi (ANAMED)

Abstract

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been infecting humans for millennia and remains a global health problem, but its past diversity and dispersal routes are largely unknown. We generated HBV genomic data from 137 Eurasians and Native Americans dated between ~10,500 and ~400 years ago. We date the most recent common ancestor of all HBV lineages to between ~20,000 and 12,000 years ago, with the virus present in European and South American hunter-gatherers during the early Holocene. After the European Neolithic transition, Mesolithic HBV strains were replaced by a lineage likely disseminated by early farmers that prevailed throughout western Eurasia for ~4000 years, declining around the end of the 2nd millennium BCE. The only remnant of this prehistoric HBV diversity is the rare genotype G, which appears to have reemerged during the HIV pandemic., European Union (EU); Horizon 2020; European Research Council (ERC); Research and Innovation Program; PALEoRIDER; CoDisEASe; ARCHCAUCASUS; Seventh Framework Programme; Marie Curie Actions; Programme SASPRO; ERA.NET RUS Plus-S&T Programme; Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Russian Foundation for Basic Research; German Research Foundation; French National Research Agency; Wenner-Gren Dissertation Fieldwork Grant; Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan; Max Planck Society; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Werner Siemens Stiftung; Paleobiochemistry; Award Praemium Academiae of the Czech Academy of Sciences

Published
2021

25. Progressing Antimicrobial Resistance Sensing Technologies across Human, Animal, and Environmental Health Domains.

Author

Fitzpatrick, KJ, Rohlf, HJ, Sutherland, TD, Koo, KM, Beckett, S, Okelo, WO, Keyburn, AL, Morgan, BS, Drigo, B, Trau, M, Donner, E, Djordjevic, SP, De Barro, PJ, Fitzpatrick, KJ, Rohlf, HJ, Sutherland, TD, Koo, KM, Beckett, S, Okelo, WO, Keyburn, AL, Morgan, BS, Drigo, B, Trau, M, Donner, E, Djordjevic, SP, and De Barro, PJ

Abstract

The spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a rapidly growing threat to humankind on both regional and global scales. As countries worldwide prepare to embrace a One Health approach to AMR management, which is one that recognizes the interconnectivity between human, animal, and environmental health, increasing attention is being paid to identifying and monitoring key contributing factors and critical control points. Presently, AMR sensing technologies have significantly progressed phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) and genotypic antimicrobial resistance gene (ARG) detection in human healthcare. For effective AMR management, an evolution of innovative sensing technologies is needed for tackling the unique challenges of interconnected AMR across various and different health domains. This review comprehensively discusses the modern state-of-play for innovative commercial and emerging AMR sensing technologies, including sequencing, microfluidic, and miniaturized point-of-need platforms. With a unique view toward the future of One Health, we also provide our perspectives and outlook on the constantly changing landscape of AMR sensing technologies beyond the human health domain.

Published
2021

50. Protecting and disinfesting stored products by drying and cooling, and disinfesting stored products during handling by mechanical treatments

Author

Beckett, S. J.

Subjects
lcsh:Agriculture, cooling, lcsh:Botany, lcsh:S, mechanical impact, disinfestation, drying, handling, aeration, lcsh:QK1-989
Abstract

Drying and cooling nonperishable products sufficiently to achieve effective protection or disinfestation has been considered difficult in the case of the former and mostly impractical in the case of the latter. Physical methods of disinfestation that could be incorporated into the handling process, such as cleaning and mechanical impact have either not given complete pest control or have caused unacceptable grain damage. Thus chemical options, particularly phosphine fumigation, have remained the main method of pest control. However, minimal use of chemical treatments is becoming increasingly necessary. Apart from market forces and stricter food safety standards, insect resistance to phosphine is growing and chemical alternatives are limited. In light of these circumstances, this paper reviews the effectiveness of grain drying and cooling not only as a means of protecting against insects and mites during storage, but also as a means of disinfesting during the drying and cooling process. Opportunities are identified that might capitalize on a specific pest’s response to such conditions. The level of pest control that can be achieved when manipulation of grain temperature and moisture is used in conjunction with mechanical disinfestation is also considered. Recent studies of grain cleaning are reviewed and fresh data from mechanical impact research are presented on the mortality of Sitophilus oryzae, Rhyzopertha dominica and Tribolium castaneum. These data show real promise that mortality of insect development stages within grain kernels can be obtained at levels above 99% without damage to commodities such as wheat, which would overcome a major limitation to the technology. The results of the mechanical disinfestation research are discussed as part of a pest control strategy that includes the combined effects of grain drying, cooling and handling, to help deliver pesticide-free grain and extend the life of phosphine by restricting the development of resistance.

Published
2010

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