Search

Your search keyword '"Becker J.S."' showing total 35 results
Start Over Author "Becker J.S."
35 results on '"Becker J.S."'

5. Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2019: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author

Abbafati, C., Machado, D.B., Cislaghi, B., Salman, O.M., Karanikolos, M., McKee, M., Abbas, K.M., Brady, O.J., Larson, H.J., Trias-Llimós, S., Cummins, S., Langan, S.M., Sartorius, B., Hafiz, A., Jenabi, E., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N., Borzouei, S., Azarian, G., Khazaei, S., Abbasi, M., Asghari, B., Masoumi, S., Komaki, H., Taherkhani, A., Adabi, M., Abbasifard, M., Bazmandegan, G., Kamiab, Z., Vakilian, A., Anjomshoa, M., Mokari, A., Sabour, S., Shahbaz, M., Saeedi, R., Ahmadieh, H., Yousefinezhadi, T., Haj-Mirzaian, A., Nikbakhsh, R., Safi, S., Asgari, S., Irvani, S.N., Jahanmehr, N., Ramezanzadeh, K., Abbasi-Kangevari, M., Khayamzadeh, M., Abbastabar, H., Shirkoohi, R., Fazlzadeh, M., Janjani, H., Hosseini, M., Mansournia, M., Tohidinik, H., Bakhtiari, A., Fazaeli, A., Mousavi, S., Hasanzadeh, A., Nabavizadeh, B., Malekzadeh, R., Hashemian, M., Pourshams, A., Salimzadeh, H., Sepanlou, S.G., Afarideh, M., Esteghamati, A., Esteghamati, S., Ghajar, A., Heidari, B., Rezaei, N., Mohamadi, E., Rahimi-Movaghar, A., Rahim, F., Eskandarieh, S., Sahraian, M., Mohebi, F., Aminorroaya, A., Ebrahimi, H., Farzadfar, F., Mohajer, B., Pishgar, F., Saeedi Moghaddam, S., Shabani, M., Zarafshan, H., Abolhassani, H., Hafezi-Nejad, N., Heidari-Soureshjani, R., Abdollahi, M., Farahmand, M., Salamati, P., Mehrabi Nasab, E., Tajdini, M., Aghamir, S., Mirzaei, R., Dibaji Forooshani, Z., Khater, M.M., Abd-Allah, F., Abdelalim, A., Abualhasan, A., El-Jaafary, S.I., Hassan, A., Elsharkawy, A., Khater, A.M., Elhabashy, H.R., Salem, M.R.R., Salem, H., Sadeghi, M., Jafarinia, M., Amini-Rarani, M., Mohammadifard, N., Sarrafzadegan, N., Abdollahpour, I., Sarveazad, A., Tehrani-Banihashemi, A., Yoosefi Lebni, J., Manafi, N., Pazoki Toroudi, H., Dorostkar, F., Alipour, V., Sheikhtaheri, A., Arabloo, J., Azari, S., Ghashghaee, A., Rezapour, A., Naserbakht, M., Kabir, A., Mehri, F., Yousefifard, M., Asadi-Aliabadi, M., Babaee, E., Eshrati, B., Goharinezhad, S., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Abedi, P., Rashedi, V., Kumar, V., Elgendy, I.Y., Basu, S., Park, J., Pereira, A., Norheim, O.F., Eagan, A.W., Cahill, L.E., Sheikh, A., Abushouk, A.I., Kraemer, M.U.G., Thakur, B., Bärnighausen, T.W., Shrime, M.G., Abedi, A., Doshi, C.P., Abegaz, K.H., Geberemariyam, B.S., Aynalem, Y.A., Shiferaw, W.S., Abosetugn, A.E., Aboyans, V., Abrams, E.M., Gitimoghaddam, M., Kissoon, N., Stubbs, J.L., Brauer, M., Iyamu, I.O., Kopec, J.A., Pourmalek, F., Ribeiro, A.P., Malta, D.C., Gomez, R.S., Abreu, L.G., Abrigo, M.R.M., Almulhim, A.M., Dahlawi, S.M.A., Pottoo, F.H., Menezes, R.G., Alanzi, T.M., Alumran, A.K., Abu Haimed, A.K., Madadin, M., Alanezi, F.M., Abu-Gharbieh, E., Saddik, B., Abu-Raddad, L.J., Samy, A.M., El Nahas, N., Shalash, A.S., Nabhan, A.F., Kamath, A.M., Kassebaum, N.J., Aravkin, A.Y., Kochhar, S., Sorensen, R.J.D., Afshin, A., Burkart, K., Cromwell, E.A., Dandona, L., Dharmaratne, S.D., Gakidou, E., Hay, S.I., Kyu, H.H., Lopez, A.D., Lozano, R., Misganaw, A.T., Mokdad, A.H., Naghavi, M., Pigott, D.M., Reiner Jr, R.C., Roth, G.A., Stanaway, J.D., Vollset, S., Vos, T., Wang, H., Lim, S.S., Murray, C.J.L., Kalani, R., Ikuta, K.S., Cho, D.Y., Kneib, C.J., Crowe, C.S., Massenburg, B.B., Morrison, S.D., Acebedo, A., Adelson, J.D., Agesa, K.M., Alam, T., Albertson, S.B., Anderson, J.A., Antony, C.M., Ashbaugh, C., Assmus, M., Azhar, G., Balassyano, S., Bannick, M.S., Barthelemy, C.M., Bender, R.G., Bennitt, F.B., Bertolacci, G.J., Biehl, M.H., Bisignano, C., Boon-Dooley, A.S., Briant, P.S., Bryazka, D., Bumgarner, B.R., Callender, C.S., Cao, J., Castle, C.D., Castro, E., Causey, K., Cercy, K.M., Chalek, J., Charlson, F.J., Cohen, A.J., Comfort, H., Compton, K., Croneberger, A.J., Cruz, J.A., Cunningham, M., Dandona, R., Dangel, W.J., Dean, F.E., DeCleene, N.K., Deen, A., Degenhardt, L., Dingels, Z.V., Dippenaar, I.N., Dirac, M.A., Dolgert, A.J., Emmons-Bell, S., Estep, K., Farag, T., Feigin, V.L., Feldman, R., Ferrara, G., Ferrari, A.J., Fitzgerald, R., Force, L.M., Fox, J.T., Frank, T.D., Fu, W., Fukutaki, K., Fuller, J.E., Fullman, N., Galles, N.C., Gardner, W.M., Gershberg Hayoon, A., Goren, E., Gorman, T.M., Gottlich, H.C., Guo, G., Haddock, B., Hagins, H., Haile, L.M., Hamilton, E.B., Han, C., Han, H., Harvey, J.D., Henny, K., Henrikson, H.J., Henry, N.J., Herbert, M.E., Hsiao, T., Huynh, C.K., Iannucci, V.C., Ippolito, H., Irvine, C.M.S., Jafari, H., Jahagirdar, D., James, S.L., Johnson, C.O., Johnson, S.C., Keller, C., Kemmer, L., Kendrick, P.J., Knight, M., Kocarnik, J.M., Krohn, K.J., Larson, S.L., Lau, K.M., Ledesma, J.R., Leever, A.T., LeGrand, K.E., Lescinsky, H., Lin, C., Liu, H., Liu, Z., Lo, J., Lu, A., Ma, J., Maddison, E.R., Manguerra, H., Marks, A., Martopullo, I., Mastrogiacomo, C.I., May, E.A., Mooney, M.D., Mosser, J.F., Mullany, E.C., Mumford, J., Munro, S.B., Nandakumar, V., Nguyen, J., Nguyen, M., Nichols, E., Nixon, M.R., Odell, C.M., Ong, K.L., Orji, A.U., Ostroff, S.M., Pasovic, M., Paulson, K.R., Pease, S.A., Pennini, A., Pierce, M., Pilz, T.M., Pletcher, M., Rao, P.C., Razo, C., Redford, S.B., Reinig, N., Reitsma, M.B., Rhinehart, P., Robalik, T., Roberts, S., Roberts, N.L.S., Rolfe, S., Sbarra, A.N., Schaeffer, L.E., Shackelford, K.A., Shadid, J., Sharara, F., Shaw, D.H., Sheena, B.S., Simpson, K.E., Smith, A., Spencer, C.N., Spurlock, E.E., Stark, B.A., Steiner, C., Steuben, K.M., Sylte, D.O., Tang, M., Taylor, H.J., Terrason, S., Thomson, A.M., Torre, A.E., Travillian, R., Troeger, C.E., Vongpradith, A., Walters, M.K., Wang, J., Watson, A., Watson, S., Whisnant, J.L., Whiteford, H.A., Wiens, K.E., Wilner, L.B., Wilson, S., Wool, E.E., Wozniak, S.S., Wu, J., Wulf Hanson, S., Wunrow, H., Xu, R., Yadgir, S., Yearwood, J.A., York, H.W., Yuan, C., Zhao, J.T., Zheng, P., Zimsen, S.R.M., Zlavog, B.S., Chang, A.Y., Oren, E., Buchbinder, R., Chin, K.L., Guo, Y., Polkinghorne, K.R., Thrift, A.G., Lee, S.W.H., Ackerman, I.N., Cicuttini, F.M., Li, S., Zaman, S., Suleria, H., Zhang, J., Cowie, B.C., Wijeratne, T., Patton, G.C., Sawyer, S.M., Adair, T., Meretoja, A., Adetokunboh, O.O., Adamu, A.A., Iwu, C.J., Parry, C.D.H., Seedat, S., Ndwandwe, D.E., Mahasha, P.W., Stein, D.J., Nnaji, C.A., Sambala, E.Z., Wiysonge, C.S., Adebayo, O.M., Ilesanmi, O.S., Owolabi, M.O., Adeoye, A.M., Adedeji, I.A., Adekanmbi, V., Ibitoye, S.E., John-Akinola, Y.O., Oluwasanu, M.M., Oghenetega, O.B., Akinyemi, R.O., Zandian, H., Adham, D., Zahirian Moghadam, T., Advani, S.M., Teagle, W.L., Braithwaite, D., Agasthi, P., Saadatagah, S., Afshari, M., Agardh, E.E., Allebeck, P., Danielsson, A., Deuba, K., Carrero, J.J., Mohammad, D.K., Fereshtehnejad, S., Ärnlöv, J., Nowak, C., Cederroth, C.R., Ahmadi, A., Pathak, A., Mills, E.J., Kurmi, O.P., Olagunju, A.T., Agarwal, G., Sathish, T., Aghaali, M., Mohammadbeigi, A., Agrawal, A., Ahmad, T., Ahmadi, K., Maleki, S., Naderi, M., Salahshoor, M.R., Pourmirza Kalhori, R., Almasi, A., Salimi, Y., Siabani, S., Ziapour, A., Barzegar, A., Khazaie, H., Kianipour, N., Amiri, F., Salehi Zahabi, S., Mirzaei, M., Shamsi, M., Najafi, F., Jalali, A., Ghadiri, K., Heydarpour, F., Fattahi, N., Karami Matin, B., Kazemi Karyani, A., Pirsaheb, M., Rajati, F., Sadeghi, E., Safari, Y., Sharafi, K., Soltani, S., Vasseghian, Y., Atafar, Z., Jalilian, F., Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M., Saeidi, S., Soofi, M., Zangeneh, A., Mansouri, B., Ahmadi, M., Khafaie, M.A., Safiri, S., Moghadaszadeh, M., Asghari Jafarabadi, M., Doshmangir, L., Jadidi-Niaragh, F., Ghafourifard, M., Spotin, A., Khodayari, M., Samadi Kafil, H., Kalankesh, L.R., Ahmadpour, E., Yousefi, B., Ansari, F., Hassankhani, H., Karimi, S., Haririan, H., Mereta, S., Ahmed, M.B., Feyissa, G.T., Ciobanu, L.G., Aji, B., Aynalem, G.L., Gebresillassie, B., Tefera, Y.G., Akalu, T.Y., Baraki, A.G., Tesema, G.A., Tessema, Z.T., Tamiru, A.T., Azene, Z.N., Netsere, H.B., Yano, Y., Akinyemiju, T., Wu, C., Zadey, S., Samad, Z., Ji, J.S., Doshi, P.P., John, O., Jha, V., Maulik, P.K., Pesudovs, K., Resnikoff, S., Mitchell, P.B., Sachdev, P.S., Akombi, B., Godinho, M.A., Ivers, R.Q., Peden, A.E., Biswas, R., Boufous, S., Akunna, C.J., Alahdab, F., Hammer, M.S., van Donkelaar, A., Al-Aly, Z., Dellavalle, R.P., Alam, S., Martin, R.V., Alam, N., De Leo, D., Tadakamadla, S.K., Alam, K., Alcalde-Rabanal, J.E., Avila-Burgos, L., Serván-Mori, E., Denova-Gutiérrez, E., Rodríguez-Ramírez, S., Morales, L., Poznańska, A., Wojtyniak, B., Rivera, J.A., Campos-Nonato, I.R., Campuzano Rincon, J., Sánchez-Pimienta, T.G., Mengesha, M.B., Welay, F.T., Alema, N.M., Demsie, D.G., Teame, H., Teklehaimanot, B.F., Alemu, B.W., Gultie, T., Bante, A.B., Yeshitila, Y.G., Geramo, Y.C.D., Glagn, M., Sorrie, M.B., W/hawariat, F.G., Amare, A., Kasa, A., Alemu, Y., Mihretie, K.M., Atnafu, D.D., Demeke, F.M., Melese, A., Bante, S.A., Dessie, G.A., Mengesha, E.W., Nigatu, D., Almadi, M.A.H., Alhabib, K.F., Mohammad, Y., Altirkawi, K.A., Temsah, M., Kugbey, N., Ayanore, M.A., Alhassan, R.K., Ali, M., Ali, S., Alicandro, G., Kalhor, R., Alijanzadeh, M., Alinia, C., Yusefzadeh, H., Didarloo, A., Alizade, H., Nikpoor, A., Aljunid, S.M., Alla, F., Leal, L.F., Almasi-Hashiani, A., Moradzadeh, R., Zamanian, M., Nazari, J., Amini, S., Ghamari, F., Almasri, N.A., Khan, M., Al-Mekhlafi, H.M., Bedi, N., Alonso, J., Ciber, E.S.P., Al-Raddadi, R.M., Zakzuk, J., Alvis-Guzman, N., Alvis-Zakzuk, N.J., Castañeda-Orjuela, C.A., Malagón-Rojas, J.N., Gezae, K., Gesesew, H.A., Muthupandian, S., Gebremeskel, G.G., Berhe, K., Amare, B., Ayza, M.A., Gebremeskel, L.G., Gebreslassie, A.A.A., Bitew, H., Zewdie, K.A., Tela, F.G.G., Gill, T.K., Noubiap, J., Lassi, Z.S., Bhandari, D., Amit, A.L., Antonio, C.T., Faraon, E.A., Lopez, J.F., Atre, S.R., Ballew, S.H., Matsushita, K., Khoja, A.T., Daneshpajouhnejad, P., Ghadimi, M., Shafaat, O., Fanzo, J., Amugsi, D.A., Amul, G.H., Koh, D.S.Q., Venketasubramanian, N., Anbesu, E.W., Mohammed, J.A., Wondmeneh, T.G., Andrei, C., Negoi, R.I., Davitoiu, D.V., Manda, A., Negoi, I., Preotescu, L., Hostiuc, M., Hostiuc, S., Ancuceanu, R., Hasan, M., Leung, J., Anderlini, D., Mamun, A.A., Maravilla, J.C., McGrath, J.J., Lalloo, R., Uddin, R., Erskine, H.E., Knibbs, L.D., Mantilla Herrera, A.M., Santomauro, D.F., Mirica, A., Ausloos, M., Herteliu, C., Oţoiu, A., Pana, A., Andrei, T., Ştefan, S., Androudi, S., Angus, C., Ansari, I., Pourjafar, H., Shams-Beyranvand, M., Ansari-Moghaddam, A., Khammarnia, M., Antonazzo, I., Ferrara, P., Conti, S., Cortesi, P.A., Fornari, C., Lee, P.H., Antriyandarti, E., Yousefi, Z., Rafiei, A., Javidnia, J., Faridnia, R., Anvari, D., Goudarzian, A., Moosazadeh, M., Rezai, M., Daryani, A., Fareed, M., Anwer, R., Appiah, S., Paudel, D., Dichgans, M., Riahi, S., Rajabpour-Sanati, A., Arab-Zozani, M., Arba, A.A.K., Aremu, O., Ariani, F., Aripov, T., Armoon, B., Mahdavi, M.M., Arowosegbe, O.O., Tediosi, F., Aryal, K.K., Mosapour, A., Yaminfirooz, M., Arzani, A., Bijani, A., Jahani, M.A., Mouodi, S., Zamani, M., Asaad, M., Dianatinasab, M., Bahrami, M., Pakshir, K., Asadi-Pooya, A.A., Bayati, M., Shahabi, S., Athari, S., Atout, M.M.W., Atteraya, M.S., Brugha, T., Ausloos, F., Avokpaho, E.F.G., Room, R., Islam, M., Edvardsson, D., Rahman, M., Ayala Quintanilla, B., Gething, P.W., Briggs, A.M., Ayano, G., Hendrie, D., Miller, T.R., Azzopardi, P.S., Hoogar, P., B, D.B., Kulkarni, V., Kumar, N., Mithra, P., Shetty, R.S., Thapar, R., Padubidri, J., Bakkannavar, S.M., Nayak, V.C., Rastogi, P., Shetty, B.K., Bhageerathy, R., Gudi, N., Boloor, A., Holla, R., Rathi, P., Unnikrishnan, B., Janodia, M.D., Lang, J.J., Badawi, A., Orpana, H.M., Bhutta, Z.A., Shield, K.D., Chattu, V., Badiye, A.D., Kapoor, N., Bagherzadeh, M., Rabiee, N., Bagli, E., Baig, A.A., Bairwa, M., Lodha, R., Sagar, R., Rath, G.K., Bhardwaj, P., Charan, J., Kanchan, T., Joshi, A., Pakhare, A.P., Bakhshaei, M., Naghshtabrizi, B., Balachandran, A., Hoek, H.W., Postma, M.J., Geremew, A., Gebrehiwot, A.M., Balakrishnan, S., Desalew, A., Bojia, H.A., Mohammed, A.S., Regassa, L.D., Parmar, P.G.K., Balalla, S., Baldasseroni, A., Stokes, M.A., Ball, K., Islam, S., Maddison, R., Balzi, D., Levi, M., Banach, M., Banerjee, S.K., Banik, P.C., Barua, L., Faruque, M., Barboza, M.A., Barker-Collo, S.L., Jonas, J.B., Panda-Jonas, S., De Neve, J., Kohler, S., Moazen, B., Mohammed, S., Barrero, L.H., Basaleem, H., Bassat, Q., Haro, J.M., Koyanagi, A., Car, J., Greaves, F., Majeed, A., Davis, A.C., Steiner, T.J., Kusuma, D., Palladino, R., Rawaf, S., Saxena, S., Rawaf, D.L., Baune, B.T., Karch, A., Baye, B.A., Darega Gela, J., Kolola, T., Becker, J.S., DeLang, M., West, J., Gad, M.M., Serre, M.L., Gallus, S., Lugo, A., Beghi, E., Pupillo, E., Bosetti, C., Giussani, G., Bikbov, B., Perico, N., Remuzzi, G., Imani-Nasab, M., Nouraei Motlagh, S., Sharafi, Z., Behzadifar, M., Béjot, Y., Bekuma, T.T., Yilma, M.T., Bell, M.L., Bello, A.K., Rafiee, A., Keddie, S.H., Lucas, T.C.D., Dolecek, C., Dunachie, S.J., Rumisha, S.F., Weiss, D.J., Lewington, S., Collins, E.L., Nandi, A.K., Zhao, Y., Bennett, D.A., Karim, M.A., Lacey, B., Khundkar, R., Yaya, S., Goulart, A.C., Santos, I.S., Bensenor, I.M., Lotufo, P.A., Tovani-Palone, M.R., Castaldelli-Maia, J., Wang, Y., Furtado, J.M., Benziger, C.P., Berman, A.E., Mazidi, M., Bernabe, E., Dargan, P.I., Molokhia, M., Shibuya, K., Douiri, A., Wolfe, C.D.A., Hay, R.J., Flohr, C., Suchdev, P.S., Ram, P., Bernstein, R.S., Liu, Y., Bhagavathula, A.S., Khan, G., Grivna, M., Bhala, N., Chandan, J.S., Gaidhane, A.M., Quazi Syed, Z., Saxena, D., Khatib, M., Bhat, A.G., Bhattacharyya, K., Bhattarai, S., Das, J.K., Bibi, S., Bilano, V., Bin Sayeed, M., Cherbuin, N., D'Amico, E., Grosso, G., Borzì, A.M., Biondi, A., Vacante, M., Valli, A., Birihane, B.M., Bisanzio, D., Hassan, S., Bjørge, T., Øverland, S., Bockarie, M.J., Mensah, G.A., Sliwa, K., Gholamian, A., Bohlouli, S., Esmaeilnejad, S., Bohluli, M., Bolla, S.R., Borges, G., Bose, D., Bourne, R., Brayne, C., Breitborde, N.J.K., Fisher, J.L., Breitner, S., Brenner, H., Breusov, A.V., Rakovac, I., Briko, N.I., Lopukhov, P.D., Glushkova, E.V., Korshunov, V.A., Polibin, R.V., Jakovljevic, M., Briko, A.N., Britton, G.B., Castro, F., Moreno Velásquez, I., Burnett, R.T., Burugina Nagaraja, S., Busse, R., Butt, Z.A., Caetano dos Santos, F., Cai, T., Hall, B.J., Cahuana Hurtado, Lucero, Cámera, L.A., Valdez, P.R., Tudor Car, L., Cárdenas, R., Gorini, G., Carreras, G., Fernandes, E., Freitas, M., Pereira, D.M., Santos, J.V., Ribeiro, D., Pinheiro, M., Massano, J., das Neves, J., Dias da Silva, D., Carvalho, F., Costa, V.M., Silva, J.P., Morgado-da-Costa, J., Castelpietra, G., Catalá-López, F., Pakhale, S., Cerin, E., Yip, P., Ho, H., Chang, J., Chang, A.R., Chang, K., Cooper, O.R., Chaturvedi, S., Chimed-Ochir, O., Chirinos-Caceres, J.L., Choi, J.J., Christensen, H., Truelsen, T.C., Chu, D., Kivimäki, M., Chung, S., Kumar, M., Ward, J.L., Chung, M.T., Cirillo, M., Virclo, R., Classen, T.K.D., Lauriola, P., Corso, B., Hugo, F.N., Kieling, C., Cousin, E., Duncan, B.B., Goulart, B.N.G., Schmidt, M.I., Stein, C., Cowden, R.G., MacLachlan, J.H., Leigh, J., Cross, M., Ferreira, M.L., Smith, E.U.R., Driscoll, T.R., Huda, T.M., Hoy, D.G., Horita, N., Cross, D.H., Dai, H., Hu, G., Damasceno, A.A.M., Damiani, G., La Vecchia, C., Sanabria, J., Pandey, A., Mathur, M.R., Zodpey, S., Kumar, G., Lal, D.K., Hamagharib Abdullah, K., Hosseinzadeh, M., Darwesh, A.M., Faraj, A., Omar Bali, A., Das Gupta, R., Dash, A.P., Davey, G., Deribe, K., Gebremedhin, K.B., Wondmieneh, A.B., Dereje, N.D., Dávila-Cervantes, C.A., Davletov, K., Mereke, A., Serdar, B., Haile, T.G., Tadesse, D.B., Weldesamuel, G.T., Demoz, G.T., Woldu, G., Handiso, D., Dervenis, N., Topouzis, F., Desai, R., Dhungana, G.P., Emamian, M., Diaz, D., Djalalinia, S., Nguyen, T.H., Vu, G.T., Do, H.T., Dokova, K., Doku, D.T., Neupane, S., Takala, J.S., Doxey, M.C., Doyle, K.E., Renzaho, A.M.N., Ogbo, F.A., Robinson, S.R., Vukovic, A., Ilic, I.M., Santric-Milicevic, M.M., Vujcic, I.S., Dubljanin, E., Vukovic, R., Rasella, D., Duraes, A.R., Ebrahimi Kalan, M., Effiong, A., Pond, C.D., Ehrlich, J.R., Liu, X., Wei, M.Y.W., El Sayed, I., El Tantawi, M., El Sayed Zaki, M., Elbarazi, I., Tsai, A.C., Elyazar, I.R., Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V., Eskandari, K., Sharifi, H., Halvaei, I., Ghaffarifar, F., Zaki, L., Hasanpoor, E., Esmaeilzadeh, F., Etemadi, A., Lan, Q., Yeheyis, T.Y., Etisso, A.E., Ezekannagha, O., e Farinha, C.S., Farioli, A., Violante, F.S., Faris, P.S., Faro, A., Lam, J.O., Filip, I., Fischer, F., Flor, L.S., Foigt, N.A., Folayan, M.O., Fomenkov, A.A., Foroutan, M., Francis, J.M., Franklin, R.C., Fukumoto, T., Gamkrelidze, A., Kereselidze, M., Garcia-Basteiro, A.L., Lazarus, J.V., Straif, K., Ghiasvand, H., Ghith, N., Norrving, B., Mehta, K.M., Mohamad, O., Salama, J.S., Ghosh, R., Giampaoli, S., Gilani, S., Hameed, S., Hanif, A., Rana, S.M., Uthman, O.A., Gill, P.S., Gillum, R.F., Ginawi, I.A., Ginindza, T.G., Tlou, B., Tanser, F.C., Gnedovskaya, E.V., Kravchenko, M.A., Piradov, M.A., Golechha, M., Goli, S., Milne, G.J., Schlaich, M.P., Hankey, G.J., Gona, P.N., Gopalani, S.V., Goudarzi, H., Rawassizadeh, R., Grada, A., Nsoesie, E.O., Javaheri, T., Steel, N., Gubari, M.I.M., Gugnani, H.C., Guimaraes, A.L.S., Guimarães, R.A., Guled, R.A., Senbeta, A.M., Hashi, A., Omer, M.O., Yousuf, A.Y., Gupta, S.S., Gupta, T., Gupta, R., Haagsma, J.A., Polinder, S., Hachinski, V., Stranges, S., Hamadeh, R.R., Hamidi, S., Tabarés-Seisdedos, R., Tyrovolas, S., Hasaballah, A.I., Hassanipour, S., Joukar, F., Mansour-Ghanaei, F., Jaafari, J., Havmoeller, R.J., Hayat, K., Heibati, B., Heidari, G., Henok, A., Hird, T.R., Moraga, P., Sigfusdottir, I.D., Phillips, M.R., Hole, M.K., Hollingsworth, B., Hopf, K.P., Hosgood, H., Hossain, N., Mai, H.T., Nguyen, C.T., Nguyen, D.N., Nguyen, H.L.T., Pham, H.Q., Househ, M., Hsairi, M., Lin, R., Hsieh, V., Hwang, B., Hu, K., Humayun, A., Hussain, R., Ibeneme, C.U., Ikeda, N., Ilic, M.D., Inbaraj, L.R., Iqbal, U., Islami, F., Yamagishi, K., Iso, H., Iwu, C.C.D., Jacobsen, K.H., Jayatilleke, A.U., Jeemon, P., Jha, R.P., Jia, P., Osei, F.B., Schutte, A.E., Johansson, L., Szócska, M., Joo, T., Jozwiak, J.J., Jürisson, M., Kabir, Z., Roshandel, G., Oladnabi, M., Kalani, H., Kassa, G.M., Katikireddi, S.V., Yamada, T., Nomura, S., Kawakami, N., Kayode, G.A., Kromhout, H., Traini, E., Keiyoro, P.N., Muriithi, M.K., Wamai, R.G., Khader, Y.S., Khalid, N., Khan, E.A., Khang, Y., Khatab, K., Khubchandani, J., Kim, Y., Yoon, S., Shin, M., Kim, C., Kim, D., Kimokoti, R.W., Kinfu, Y., Kisa, S., Kisa, A., Kissimova-Skarbek, K., Topor-Madry, R., Lallukka, T., Meretoja, T.J., Shivakumar, K.M., Knudsen, A.S., Sulo, G., Kosen, S., Kotlo, A., Koul, P.A., Krishan, K., KS, S., Kuate Defo, B., Kucuk Bicer, B., Yuce, D., Rawat, R., Meitei, W.B., Kumar, P., Singh, P., Kumaresh, G., Lami, F.H., Landires, I., Nunez-Samudio, V., Landires, Lansingh, V.C., Lansky, S., Larsson, A.O., Lasrado, S., Lavados, P.M., Leasher, J.L., Leonardi, M., Raggi, A., Sattin PsyD, S Schiavolin, D., Li, B., Lim, L., Takahashi, K., Linehan, C., Linn, S., Shuval, K., Listl, S., Zhou, M., Liu, S., Logroscino, G., Looker, K.J., Lorkowski, S., Lunevicius, R., Lyons, R.A., Madotto, F., Magdy Abd El Razek, H., Magdy Abd El Razek, M., Mahmoudi, M., Maled, V., Moradi, G., Maleki, A., Manafi, A., Mapoma, C., Martini, S., Martins-Melo, F.R., Masaka, A., McAlinden, C., Momen, N.C., Plana-Ripoll, O., Medina-Solís, C.E., Meharie, B., Mehndiratta, M., Mehrotra, R., Suliankatchi Abdulkader, R., Mekonnen, T., Memiah, P.T.N., Wallin, M.T., Memish, Z.A., Mendoza, W., Mestrovic, T., Miazgowski, B., Miazgowski, T., Michalek, I., Mini, G., Miri, M., Mirrakhimov, E.M., Mirzaei, H., Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A., Mohammadpourhodki, R., Sahebkar, A., Mohammed, H., Sufiyan, M.B., Mohseni Bandpei, M.A., Monasta, L., Ronfani, L., Mondello, S., Moradi-Joo, M., Morawska, L., Mousavi Khaneghah, A., Westerman, R., Werdecker, A., Mueller, U.O., Mukhopadhyay, S., Musa, K., Mustafa, G., Nagarajan, A.J., Nagel, G., Rothenbacher, D., Naik, G., Schwebel, D.C., Singh, J.A., Naimzada, M., Otstavnov, N., Otstavnov, S.S., Soshnikov, S., Titova, M.V., Nair, S., Naldi, L., Nangia, V., Nansseu, J., Sobngwi, E., Nguefack-Tsague, G., Ndejjo, R., Ngari, K.N., Ngunjiri, J.W., Nigatu, Y.T., Oancea, B., Oh, I., Okunga, E.W., Olusanya, J.O., Olusanya, B.O., Ong, S., Onwujekwe, O.E., Ortega-Altamirano, D.V., Ortiz, A., Soriano, J.B., Osarenotor, O., Ostojic, S.M., Vlassov, V., Pa, M., Pangaribuan, H.U., Park, E., Pasupula, D., Patel, J.R., Patel, S.K., Paternina-Caicedo, A.J., Pathak, M., Patten, S.B., Tonelli, M., Weintraub, R.G., Paudel, S., Pepito, V.F., Thurston, G.D., Peprah, E.K., Pereira, J., Pescarini, J.M., Piccinelli, C., Pilgrim, T., Plass, D., Pokhrel, K.N., Prada, S.I., Prakash, V., Prakash, S., Prasad, N., Shigematsu, M., Pribadi, D.R.A., Sudaryanto, A., Rabiee, M., Radfar, A., Ranabhat, C.L., Ranta, A., Ribeiro, D.C., Rao, S., Rawal, L., Renjith, V., Rickard, J., Roever, L., Romoli, M., Rostamian, M., Rubagotti, E., Rwegerera, G.M., Ullah, S., Sajadi, S., Salam, N., Salomon, J.A., Salz, I., Saraswathy, S.Y., Sarmiento-Suárez, R., Sathian, B., Savic, M., Saylan, M., Schwendicke, F., Sekerija, M., Senthilkumaran, S., Sha, F., Shaheen, A.A., Shaikh, M.A., Shamsizadeh, M., Shannawaz, M., Sharma, R., Shin, J., Shiri, R., Sierpinski, R., Sigurvinsdottir, R., Silva, D.A.S., Simonetti, B., Singh, A., Sinha, D.N., Skiadaresi, E., Skou, S.T., Skryabin, V.Y., Zastrozhin, M.S., Soheili, A., Sokhan, A., Somefun, O.D., Korotkova, A.V., Soyiri, I.N., Sreeramareddy, C.T., Srinivasan, V., Sripada, K., Stovner, L.J., Stockfelt, L., Sultan, I., Swope, C.B., Vaicekonyte, R., Sykes, B.L., Szumowski, L., Tabb, K.M., Tabuchi, T., Taddele, B.W., Tahir, Z., Tareque, M.I., Tarigan, I.U., Taveira, N., Thankappan, K.R., Thomas, N., Varughese, S., Touvier, M., Tran, B.X., Tsatsakis, A., Vardavas, C., Ullah, I., Umeokonkwo, C.D., Undurraga, E.A., Upadhyay, E., Vasankari, T.J., Vasconcelos, A.N., Veisani, Y., Vidale, S., Waheed, Y., Wei, J., Wang, F., Zhao, X.G., Yu, C., Zhang, Z., Weiss, J., Wiangkham, T., Wickramasinghe, N.D., Wu, A., Xie, Y., Xu, G., Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S., Yilgwan, C.S., Yonemoto, N., Younis, M.Z., Younker, T.P., Yu, Y., Zaidi, S., Zhang, Y., Zheleva, B., Zhu, C., GBD 2019 Demographics Collaborators, Public Health, Tampere University, Tays Research Services, Health Sciences, Wang, Hd, Abbas, Km, Abbasifard, M, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abbastabar, H, Abd-Allah, F, Abdelalim, A, Abolhassani, H, Abreu, Lg, Abrigo, Mrm, Abushouk, Ai, Adabi, M, Adair, T, Adebayo, Om, Adedeji, Ia, Adekanmbi, V, Adeoye, Am, Adetokunboh, Oo, Advani, Sm, Afshin, A, Aghaali, M, Agrawal, A, Ahmadi, K, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmed, Mb, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, T, Alanezi, Fm, Alanzi, Tm, Alcalde-Rabanal, Je, Ali, M, Alicandro, G, Alijanzadeh, M, Alinia, C, Alipour, V, Alizade, H, Aljunid, Sm, Allebeck, P, Almadi, Mah, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Al-Mekhlafi, Hm, Altirkawi, Ka, Alumran, Ak, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amini-Rarani, M, Aminorroaya, A, Amit, Aml, Ancuceanu, R, Andrei, Cl, Androudi, S, Angus, C, Anjomshoa, M, Ansari, F, Ansari, I, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Antonio, Cat, Antony, Cm, Anvari, D, Appiah, Scy, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Aravkin, Ay, Aremu, O, Arnlov, J, Aryal, Kk, Asadi-Pooya, Aa, Asgari, S, Jafarabadi, Ma, Atteraya, M, Ausloos, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, Efga, Quintanilla, Bpa, Ayano, G, Ayanore, Ma, Azarian, G, Babaee, E, Badiye, Ad, Bagli, E, Bahrami, Ma, Bakhtiari, A, Balassyano, S, Banach, M, Banik, Pc, Barker-Collo, Sl, Barnighausen, Tw, Barzegar, A, Basu, S, Baune, Bt, Bayati, M, Bazmandegan, G, Bedi, N, Bell, Ml, Bennett, Da, Bensenor, Im, Berhe, K, Berman, Ae, Bertolacci, Gj, Bhageerathy, R, Bhala, N, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhutta, Za, Bijani, A, Biondi, A, Bisanzio, D, Bisignano, C, Biswas, Rk, Bjorge, T, Bohlouli, S, Bohluli, M, Bolla, Srr, Borzi, Am, Borzouei, S, Brady, Oj, Braithwaite, D, Brauer, M, Briko, An, Briko, Ni, Bumgarner, Br, Nagaraja, Sb, Butt, Za, dos Santos, Flc, Cai, Tj, Charlton, Skh, Camera, Llaa, Campos-Nonato, Ir, Cardenas, R, Carreras, G, Carrero, Jj, Carvalho, F, Castaldelli-Maia, Jm, Castelpietra, G, Castro, F, Catala-Lopez, F, Cederroth, Cr, Cerin, E, Chattu, Vk, Chin, Kl, Chu, Dt, Ciobanu, Lg, Cirillo, M, Comfort, H, Costa, Vm, Cowden, Rg, Cromwell, Ea, Croneberger, Aj, Cunningham, M, Dahlawi, Sma, Damiani, G, D'Amico, E, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Dargan, Pi, Darwesh, Am, Daryani, A, Das Gupta, R, das Neves, J, Davletov, K, De Leo, D, Denova-Gutierrez, E, Deribe, K, Dervenis, N, Desai, R, Dhungana, Gp, da Silva, Dd, Diaz, D, Dippenaar, In, Djalalinia, S, Do, Ht, Dokova, K, Doku, Dt, Dorostkar, F, Doshi, Cp, Doshmangir, L, Doyle, Ke, Dubljanin, E, Duraes, Ar, Edvardsson, D, Effiong, A, El Sayed, I, El Tantawi, M, Elbarazi, I, El-Jaafary, Si, Emamian, Mh, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeilzadeh, F, Estep, K, Farahmand, M, Faraj, A, Fareed, M, Faridnia, R, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Fattahi, N, Fazaeli, Aa, Fazlzadeh, M, Feigin, Vl, Fereshtehnejad, Sm, Fernandes, E, Ferreira, Ml, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Flohr, C, Foigt, Na, Folayan, Mo, Fomenkov, Aa, Freitas, M, Fukumoto, T, Fuller, Je, Furtado, Jm, Gad, Mm, Gakidou, E, Gallus, S, Gebrehiwot, Am, Gebremedhin, Kb, Gething, Pw, Ghamari, F, Ghashghaee, A, Gholamian, A, Gilani, Sa, Gitimoghaddam, M, Glushkova, Ev, Gnedovskaya, Ev, Gopalani, Sv, Goulart, Ac, Gugnani, Hc, Guo, Ym, Gupta, R, Gupta, S, Haagsma, Ja, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Halvaei, I, Hamadeh, Rr, Abdullah, Kh, Han, C, Handiso, Dw, Hankey, Gj, Haririan, H, Haro, Jm, Hasaballah, Ai, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Hay, Si, Heibati, B, Heidari-Soureshjani, R, Henny, K, Henry, Nj, Herteliu, C, Heydarpour, F, Hole, Mk, Hoogar, P, Hosgood, Hd, Hossain, N, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Hoy, Dg, Hu, Gq, Huda, Tm, Ibitoye, Se, Ikuta, K, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, Im, Ilic, Md, Imani-Nasab, Mh, Islam, M, Iso, H, Iwu, Cj, Jaafari, J, Jacobsen, Kh, Jahagirdar, D, Jahanmehr, N, Jalali, A, Jalilian, F, James, Sl, Janjani, H, Jenabi, E, Jha, Rp, Jha, V, Ji, J, Jonas, Jb, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, Jj, Jurisson, M, Kabir, Z, Kalani, H, Kalankesh, Lr, Kamiab, Z, Kanchan, T, Kapoor, N, Karch, A, Karimi, Se, Karimi, Sa, Kassebaum, Nj, Katikireddi, Sv, Kawakami, N, Kayode, Ga, Keiyoro, Pn, Keller, C, Khader, Y, Khalid, N, Khan, Ea, Khan, M, Khang, Yh, Khater, Am, Khater, Mm, Khazaei, S, Khazaie, H, Khodayari, Mt, Khubchandani, J, Kianipour, N, Kim, Ci, Kim, Ye, Kim, Yj, Kinfu, Y, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kissimova-Skarbek, K, Kivimaki, M, Komaki, H, Kopec, Ja, Kosen, S, Koul, Pa, Koyanagi, A, Kravchenko, Ma, Krishan, K, Krohn, Kj, Defo, Bk, Kumar, Ga, Kumar, M, Kumar, P, Kumar, V, Kusuma, D, Kyu, Hh, La Vecchia, C, Lacey, B, Lal, Dk, Lalloo, R, Lami, Fh, Lansky, S, Larson, Sl, Larsson, Ao, Lasrado, S, Lassi, Z, Lazarus, Jv, Lee, Ph, Lee, Swh, Leever, At, Legrand, Ke, Leonardi, M, Li, S, Lim, Ll, Lim, S, Linn, S, Lodha, R, Logroscino, G, Lopez, Ad, Lopukhov, Pd, Lotufo, Pa, Lozano, R, Lu, A, Lunevicius, R, Madadin, M, Maddison, Er, Abd El Razek, Hm, Abd El Razek, Mm, Mahasha, Pw, Mahdavi, Mm, Malekzadeh, R, Mamun, Aa, Manafi, N, Mansour-Ghanaei, F, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, Ma, Mapoma, Cc, Martini, S, Martins-Melo, Fr, Masaka, A, Mastrogiacomo, Ci, Mathur, Mr, May, Ea, Mcalinden, C, Mcgrath, Jj, Mckee, M, Mehndiratta, Mm, Mehri, F, Mehta, Km, Meitei, Wb, Memiah, Ptn, Mendoza, W, Menezes, Rg, Mengesha, Ew, Mensah, Ga, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, Tj, Mestrovic, T, Michalek, Im, Mihretie, Km, Miller, Tr, Mills, Ej, Milne, Gj, Mirrakhimov, Em, Mirzaei, H, Mirzaei, M, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M, Misganaw, At, Moazen, B, Moghadaszadeh, M, Mohamadi, E, Mohammad, Dk, Mohammad, Y, Mezerji, Nmg, Mohammadbeigi, A, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, H, Mohammed, S, Mohebi, F, Bandpei, Mam, Mokari, A, Mokdad, Ah, Momen, Nc, Monasta, L, Mooney, Md, Moradi, G, Moradi, M, Moradi-Joo, M, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Velasquez, Im, Morgado-da-Costa, J, Morrison, Sd, Mosser, Jf, Mouodi, S, Mousavi, Sm, Khaneghah, Am, Mueller, Uo, Musa, Ki, Muthupandian, S, Nabavizadeh, B, Naderi, M, Nagarajan, Aj, Naghavi, M, Naghshtabrizi, B, Naik, G, Najafi, F, Nangia, V, Nansseu, Jr, Ndwandwe, De, Negoi, I, Negoi, Ri, Ngunjiri, Jw, Nguyen, Hlt, Nguyen, Th, Nigatu, Yt, Nikbakhsh, R, Nikpoor, Ar, Nixon, Mr, Nnaji, Ca, Nomura, S, Noubiap, Jj, Motlagh, Sn, Nowak, C, Otoiu, A, Odell, Cm, Oh, Ih, Oladnabi, M, Olagunju, At, Olusanya, Bo, Olusanya, Jo, Bali, Ao, Ong, Kl, Onwujekwe, Oe, Ortiz, A, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, S, Overland, S, Owolabi, Mo, Mahesh, Pa, Padubidri, Jr, Pakshir, K, Palladino, R, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Park, J, Pasupula, Dk, Patel, Jr, Patel, Sk, Patton, Gc, Paulson, Kr, Toroudi, Hp, Pease, Sa, Peden, Ae, Pepito, Vcf, Peprah, Ek, Pereira, A, Pereira, Dm, Perico, N, Pigott, Dm, Pilgrim, T, Pilz, Tm, Piradov, Ma, Pirsaheb, M, Pokhrel, Kn, Postma, Mj, Pourjafar, H, Pourmalek, F, Pourshams, A, Poznanska, A, Prada, Si, Prakash, S, Preotescu, L, Quazi Syed, Z, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Radfar, A, Rafiei, A, Raggi, A, Rahman, Ma, Rajabpour-Sanati, A, Ram, P, Ranabhat, Cl, Rao, Sj, Rasella, D, Rashedi, V, Rastogi, P, Rathi, P, Rawal, L, Remuzzi, G, Renjith, V, Renzaho, Amn, Resnikoff, S, Rezaei, N, Rezai, M, Rezapour, A, Rickard, J, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Roshandel, G, Rostamian, M, Rubagotti, E, Rwegerera, Gm, Sabour, S, Saddik, B, Sadeghi, E, Sadeghi, M, Moghaddam, S, Safari, Y, Safi, S, Safiri, S, Sagar, R, Sahebkar, A, Sahraian, Ma, Sajadi, Sm, Salahshoor, Mr, Salama, J, Salamati, P, Salem, Mrr, Salimi, Y, Salomon, Ja, Salz, I, Samad, Z, Samy, Am, Sanabria, J, Santric-Milicevic, Mm, Saraswathy, Syi, Sartorius, B, Sarveazad, A, Sathian, B, Sathish, T, Sattin, D, Saylan, M, Schaeffer, Le, Schiavolin, S, Schwebel, Dc, Schwendicke, F, Sekerija, M, Senbeta, Am, Senthilkumaran, S, Sepanlou, Sg, Servan-Mori, E, Shabani, M, Shahabi, S, Shahbaz, M, Shaheen, Aa, Shaikh, Ma, Shalash, A, Shams-Beyranvand, M, Shamsi, M, Shamsizadeh, M, Shannawaz, M, Sharafi, K, Sharafi, Z, Sharara, F, Sharma, R, Shaw, Dh, Sheikh, A, Shin, Ji, Shiri, R, Shrime, Mg, Shuval, K, Siabani, S, Sigfusdottir, Id, Sigurvinsdottir, R, Silva, Da, Simonetti, B, Simpson, Ke, Singh, Ja, Skiadaresi, E, Skryabin, Vy, Soheili, A, Sokhan, A, Sorensen, Rjd, Soriano, Jb, Sorrie, Mb, Soyiri, In, Spurlock, Ee, Sreeramareddy, Ct, Stockfelt, L, Stokes, Ma, Stubbs, Jl, Sudaryanto, A, Sufiyan, Mb, Abdulkader, R, Sykes, Bl, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tabb, Km, Tadakamadla, Sk, Taherkhani, A, Tang, Mm, Taveira, N, Taylor, Hj, Teagle, Wl, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Teklehaimanot, Bf, Tessema, Zt, Thankappan, Kr, Thomas, N, Thrift, Ag, Titova, Mv, Tohidinik, Hr, Tonelli, M, Topor-Madry, R, Topouzis, F, Tovani-Palone, Mrr, Traini, E, Tran, Bx, Travillian, R, Trias-Llimos, S, Truelsen, Tc, Car, Lt, Unnikrishnan, B, Upadhyay, E, Vacante, M, Vakilian, A, Valdez, Pr, Valli, A, Vardavas, C, Vasankari, Tj, Vasconcelos, Amn, Vasseghian, Y, Veisani, Y, Venketasubramanian, N, Vidale, S, Violante, F, Vlassov, V, Vollset, Se, Vos, T, Vujcic, I, Vukovic, A, Vukovic, R, Waheed, Y, Wallin, Mt, Walters, Mk, Wang, Hb, Wang, Yp, Watson, S, Wei, Jk, Weiss, J, Weldesamuel, Gt, Werdecker, A, Westerman, R, Whiteford, Ha, Wiangkham, T, Wiens, Ke, Wijeratne, T, Wiysonge, C, Wojtyniak, B, Wolfe, Cda, Wondmieneh, Ab, Wool, Ee, Wu, Am, Wu, Jj, Xu, Gl, Yamada, T, Yamagishi, K, Yano, Y, Yaya, S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yearwood, Ja, Yeheyis, Ty, Yilgwan, C, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, Sj, Lebni, Jy, York, Hw, Younis, Mz, Younker, Tp, Yousefi, Z, Yousefinezhadi, T, Yousuf, Ay, Yusefzadeh, H, Moghadam, Tz, Zakzuk, J, Bin Zaman, S, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zandian, H, Zhang, Zj, Zheng, P, Zhou, Mg, Ziapour, A, Murray, Cjl, Wang, Haidong, Abbas, Kaja M, Abbasifard, Mitra, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abolhassani, Hassan, Abreu, Lucas Guimarãe, Abrigo, Michael R M, Abushouk, Abdelrahman I, Adabi, Maryam, Adair, Tim, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, Advani, Shailesh M, Afshin, Ashkan, Aghaali, Mohammad, Agrawal, Anurag, Ahmadi, Keivan, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Tahiya, Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour, Alanzi, Turki M, Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth, Ali, Muhammad, Alicandro, Gianfranco, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Alinia, Cyru, Alipour, Vahid, Alizade, Hesam, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Allebeck, Peter, Almadi, Majid Abdulrahman Hamad, Almasi-Hashiani, Amir, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M, Altirkawi, Khalid A, Alumran, Arwa Khalid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amini-Rarani, Mostafa, Aminorroaya, Arya, Amit, Arianna Maever L, Ancuceanu, Robert, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Androudi, Sofia, Angus, Colin, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansari, Fereshteh, Ansari, Iman, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Antony, Catherine M, Anvari, Davood, Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw, Arabloo, Jalal, Arab-Zozani, Morteza, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y, Aremu, Olatunde, Ärnlöv, Johan, Aryal, Krishna K, Asadi-Pooya, Ali A, Asgari, Samaneh, Asghari Jafarabadi, Mohammad, Atteraya, Madhu Sudhan, Ausloos, Marcel, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel Gbenato Arthur, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayano, Getinet, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, Azarian, Ghasem, Babaee, Ebrahim, Badiye, Ashish D, Bagli, Eleni, Bahrami, Mohammad Amin, Bakhtiari, Ahad, Balassyano, Shelly, Banach, Maciej, Banik, Palash Chandra, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barzegar, Akbar, Basu, Sanjay, Baune, Bernhard T, Bayati, Mohsen, Bazmandegan, Gholamreza, Bedi, Neeraj, Bell, Michellr L, Bennett, Derrick A, Bensenor, Isabela M, Berhe, Kidanemaryam, Berman, Adam E, Bertolacci, Gregory J, Bhageerathy, Reshmi, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Bijani, Ali, Biondi, Antonio, Bisanzio, Donal, Bisignano, Catherine, Biswas, Raaj Kishore, Bjørge, Tone, Bohlouli, Somayeh, Bohluli, Mehdi, Bolla, Srinivasa Rao Rao, Borzì, Antonio Maria, Borzouei, Shiva, Brady, Oliver J, Braithwaite, Dejana, Brauer, Michael, Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, Bumgarner, Blair R, Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath, Butt, Zahid A, Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano, Cai, Tianji, Callender, Charlton SKH, Cámera, Luis LA Alberto, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carreras, Giulia, Carrero, Juan J, Carvalho, Felix, Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio, Castelpietra, Giulio, Castro, Franz, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Cederroth, Christopher R, Cerin, Ester, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chin, Ken Lee, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Ciobanu, Liliana G, Cirillo, Massimo, Comfort, Haley, Costa, Vera Marisa, Cowden, Richard G, Cromwell, Elizabeth A, Croneberger, Andrew J, Cunningham, Matthew, Dahlawi, Saad M A, Damiani, Giovanni, D'Amico, Emanuele, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dargan, Paul I, Darwesh, Aso Mohammad, Daryani, Ahmad, Das Gupta, Rajat, das Neves, José, Davletov, Kairat, De Leo, Diego, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Deribe, Kebede, Dervenis, Nikolao, Desai, Rupak, Dhungana, Govinda Prasad, Dias da Silva, Diana, Diaz, Daniel, Dippenaar, Ilse N, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Hoa Thi, Dokova, Klara, Doku, David Teye, Dorostkar, Fariba, Doshi, Chirag P, Doshmangir, Leila, Doyle, Kerrie E, Dubljanin, Eleonora, Duraes, Andre Rodrigue, Edvardsson, David, Effiong, Andem, El Sayed, Iman, El Tantawi, Maha, Elbarazi, Iffat, El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I, Emamian, Mohammad Hassan, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esmaeilzadeh, Firooz, Estep, Kara, Farahmand, Mohammad, Faraj, Anwar, Fareed, Mohammad, Faridnia, Roghiyeh, Faro, Andre, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fattahi, Nazir, Fazaeli, Ali Akbar, Fazlzadeh, Mehdi, Feigin, Valery L, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Ferreira, Manuela L, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Flohr, Carsten, Foigt, Nataliya A, Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin, Fomenkov, Artem Alekseevich, Freitas, Marisa, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Fuller, John E, Furtado, João M, Gad, Mohamed M, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Gallus, Silvano, Gebrehiwot, Abiyu Mekonnen, Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork, Gething, Peter W, Ghamari, Farhad, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Gholamian, Asadollah, Gilani, Syed Amir, Gitimoghaddam, Mojgan, Glushkova, Ekaterina Vladimirovna, Gnedovskaya, Elena V, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goulart, Alessandra C, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Subodh Sharan, Haagsma, Juanita A, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, Halvaei, Iman, Hamadeh, Randah R, Hamagharib Abdullah, Kanaan, Han, Chieh, Handiso, Demelash Woldeyohanne, Hankey, Graeme J, Haririan, Hamidreza, Haro, Josep Maria, Hasaballah, Ahmed I, Hassanipour, Soheil, Hassankhani, Hadi, Hay, Simon I, Heibati, Behzad, Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza, Henny, Kiana, Henry, Nathaniel J, Herteliu, Claudiu, Heydarpour, Fatemeh, Hole, Michael K, Hoogar, Praveen, Hosgood, H Dean, Hossain, Naznin, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Househ, Mowafa, Hoy, Damian G, Hu, Guoqing, Huda, Tanvir M, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Ikuta, Kevin S, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Irena M, Ilic, Milena D, Imani-Nasab, Mohammad Hasan, Islam, Mdmohaimenul, Iso, Hiroyasu, Iwu, Chinwe Juliana, Jaafari, Jalil, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Jahagirdar, Deepa, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jalali, Amir, Jalilian, Farzad, James, Spencer L, Janjani, Hosna, Jenabi, Ensiyeh, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jha, Vivekanand, Ji, John S, Jonas, Jost B, Joukar, Farahnaz, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Zubair, Kalani, Hamed, Kalankesh, Leila R, Kamiab, Zahra, Kanchan, Tanuj, Kapoor, Neeti, Karch, André, Karimi, Salah Eddin, Karimi, Seyed Asaad, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kawakami, Norito, Kayode, Gbenga A, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Keller, Cathleen, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalid, Nauman, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Maseer, Khang, Young-Ho, Khater, Amir M, Khater, Mona M, Khazaei, Salman, Khazaie, Habibolah, Khodayari, Mohammad Taghi, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kianipour, Neda, Kim, Cho-il, Kim, Young-Eun, Kim, Yun Jin, Kinfu, Yohanne, Kisa, Adnan, Kisa, Sezer, Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna, Kivimäki, Mika, Komaki, Hamidreza, Kopec, Jacek A, Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael A, Krishan, Kewal, Krohn, Kris J, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kumar, G Anil, Kumar, Manasi, Kumar, Pushpendra, Kumar, Vivek, Kusuma, Dian, Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lacey, Ben, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lami, Faris Hasan, Lansky, Sonia, Larson, Samantha Leigh, Larsson, Anders O, Lasrado, Savita, Lassi, Zohra S, Lazarus, Jeffrey V, Lee, Paul H, Lee, Shaun Wen Huey, Leever, Andrew T, Legrand, Kate E, Leonardi, Matilde, Li, Shanshan, Lim, Lee-Ling, Lim, Stephen S, Linn, Shai, Lodha, Rakesh, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Lopez, Alan D, Lopukhov, Platon D, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lozano, Rafael, Lu, Alton, Lunevicius, Raimunda, Madadin, Mohammed, Maddison, Emilie R, Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan, Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed, Mahasha, Phetole Walter, Mahdavi, Mokhtar Mahdavi, Malekzadeh, Reza, Mamun, Abdullah A, Manafi, Navid, Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz, Mansouri, Borhan, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mapoma, Chabila Christopher, Martini, Santi, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Masaka, Anthony, Mastrogiacomo, Claudia I, Mathur, Manu Raj, May, Erin A, Mcalinden, Colm, Mcgrath, John J, Mckee, Martin, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mehri, Fereshteh, Mehta, Kala M, Meitei, Wahengbam Bigyananda, Memiah, Peter T N, Mendoza, Walter, Menezes, Ritesh G, Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku, Mensah, George A, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Michalek, Irmina Maria, Mihretie, Kebadnew Mulatu, Miller, Ted R, Mills, Edward J, Milne, George J, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Mirzaei, Hamed, Mirzaei, Maryam, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mehdi, Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen, Moazen, Babak, Moghadaszadeh, Masoud, Mohamadi, Efat, Mohammad, Dara K, Mohammad, Yousef, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser, Mohammadbeigi, Abolfazl, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, Mohammed, Hussen, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohebi, Farnam, Mohseni Bandpei, Mohammad A, Mokari, Amin, Mokdad, Ali H, Momen, Natalie C, Monasta, Lorenzo, Mooney, Meghan D, Moradi, Ghobad, Moradi, Masoud, Moradi-Joo, Mohammad, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah, Moraga, Paula, Moreno Velásquez, Ilai, Morgado-da-Costa, Joana, Morrison, Shane Dougla, Mosser, Jonathan F, Mouodi, Simin, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Mousavi Khaneghah, Amin, Mueller, Ulrich Otto, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Muthupandian, Saravanan, Nabavizadeh, Behnam, Naderi, Mehdi, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naghshtabrizi, Behshad, Naik, Gurudatta, Najafi, Farid, Nangia, Vinay, Nansseu, Jobert Richie, Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Ngunjiri, Josephine W, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Nigatu, Yeshambel T, Nikbakhsh, Rajan, Nikpoor, Amin Reza, Nixon, Molly R, Nnaji, Chukwudi A, Nomura, Shuhei, Noubiap, Jean Jacque, Nouraei Motlagh, Soraya, Nowak, Christoph, Oţoiu, Adrian, Odell, Christopher M, Oh, In-Hwan, Oladnabi, Morteza, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Omar Bali, Ahmed, Ong, Kanyin L, Onwujekwe, Obinna E, Ortiz, Alberto, Otstavnov, Nikita, Otstavnov, Stanislav S, Øverland, Simon, Owolabi, Mayowa O, P A, Mahesh, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, Pakshir, Keyvan, Palladino, Raffaele, Pana, Adrian, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Park, Jame, Pasupula, Deepak Kumar, Patel, Jenil R, Patel, Sangram Kishor, Patton, George C, Paulson, Katherine R, Pazoki Toroudi, Hamidreza, Pease, Spencer A, Peden, Amy E, Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino, Peprah, Emmanuel K, Pereira, Alexandre, Pereira, David M, Perico, Norberto, Pigott, David M, Pilgrim, Thoma, Pilz, Tessa M, Piradov, Michael A, Pirsaheb, Meghdad, Pokhrel, Khem Narayan, Postma, Maarten J, Pourjafar, Hadi, Pourmalek, Farshad, Pourshams, Akram, Poznańska, Anna, Prada, Sergio I, Prakash, Sanjay, Preotescu, Liliana, Quazi Syed, Zahiruddin, Rabiee, Mohammad, Rabiee, Navid, Radfar, Amir, Rafiei, Alireza, Raggi, Alberto, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rajabpour-Sanati, Ali, Ram, Pradhum, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rao, Sowmya J, Rasella, Davide, Rashedi, Vahid, Rastogi, Prateek, Rathi, Priya, Rawal, Lal, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renjith, Vishnu, Renzaho, Andre M N, Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Nima, Rezai, Mohammad sadegh, Rezapour, Aziz, Rickard, Jennifer, Roever, Leonardo, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rostamian, Morteza, Rubagotti, Enrico, Rwegerera, Godfrey M, Sabour, Siamak, Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Sadeghi, Masoumeh, Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar, Safari, Yahya, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Sajadi, S Mohammad, Salahshoor, Mohammad Reza, Salama, Joseph S, Salamati, Payman, Salem, Marwa R Rashad, Salimi, Yahya, Salomon, Joshua A, Salz, Inbal, Samad, Zainab, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan, Santric-Milicevic, Milena M, Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer, Sartorius, Benn, Sarveazad, Arash, Sathian, Brijesh, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, Sattin, Davide, Saylan, Mete, Schaeffer, Lauren E, Schiavolin, Silvia, Schwebel, David C, Schwendicke, Falk, Sekerija, Mario, Senbeta, Anbissa Muleta, Senthilkumaran, Subramanian, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Serván-Mori, Edson, Shabani, Mahsima, Shahabi, Saeed, Shahbaz, Mohammad, Shaheen, Amira A, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shalash, Ali S, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Shamsi, Mohammadbagher, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Shannawaz, Mohammed, Sharafi, Kiomar, Sharafi, Zeinab, Sharara, Fablina, Sharma, Rajesh, Shaw, David H, Sheikh, Aziz, Shin, Jae Il, Shiri, Rahman, Shrime, Mark G, Shuval, Kerem, Siabani, Soraya, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig, Silva, Diego Augusto Santo, Simonetti, Biagio, Simpson, Kyle E, Singh, Jasvinder A, Skiadaresi, Eirini, Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich, Soheili, Amin, Sokhan, Anton, Sorensen, Reed J D, Soriano, Joan B, Sorrie, Muluken Bekele, Soyiri, Ireneous N, Spurlock, Emma Elizabeth, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Stockfelt, Leo, Stokes, Mark A, Stubbs, Jacob L, Sudaryanto, Agu, Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Rizwan, Sykes, Bryan L, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabb, Karen M, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Taherkhani, Amir, Tang, Muming, Taveira, Nuno, Taylor, Heather Jean, Teagle, Whitney L, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Teklehaimanot, Berhane Fseha, Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Thomas, Nihal, Thrift, Amanda G, Titova, Mariya Vladimirovna, Tohidinik, Hamid Reza, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Topouzis, Foti, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto Roberto, Traini, Eugenio, Tran, Bach Xuan, Travillian, Ravensara, Trias-Llimós, Sergi, Truelsen, Thomas Clement, Tudor Car, Lorainne, Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran, Upadhyay, Era, Vacante, Marco, Vakilian, Alireza, Valdez, Pascual R, Valli, Alessandro, Vardavas, Constantine, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Nogale, Vasseghian, Yasser, Veisani, Yousef, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Vidale, Simone, Violante, Francesco S, Vlassov, Vasily, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Vujcic, Isidora S, Vukovic, Ana, Vukovic, Rade, Waheed, Yasir, Wallin, Mitchell Taylor, Walters, Magdalene K, Wang, Hongbo, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Watson, Stefanie, Wei, Jingkai, Weiss, Jordan, Weldesamuel, Girmay Teklay, Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A, Wiangkham, Taweewat, Wiens, Kirsten E, Wijeratne, Tissa, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wolfe, Charles D A, Wondmieneh, Adam Belay, Wool, Eve E, Wu, Ai-Min, Wu, Junjie, Xu, Gelin, Yamada, Tomohide, Yamagishi, Kazumasa, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaya, Sanni, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid, Yearwood, Jamal A, Yeheyis, Tomas Y, Yilgwan, Christopher Sabo, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Yoosefi Lebni, Javad, York, Hunter W, Younis, Mustafa Z, Younker, Theodore Patrick, Yousefi, Zabihollah, Yousefinezhadi, Taraneh, Yousuf, Abdilahi Yousuf, Yusefzadeh, Hasan, Zahirian Moghadam, Telma, Zakzuk, Josefina, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zamani, Mohammad, Zamanian, Maryam, Zandian, Hamed, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, Zheng, Peng, Zhou, Maigeng, Ziapour, Arash, Murray, Christopher J L, Collaborators, GBD 2019 Demographics, GBD 2019 Demographics Collaborator, Violante FS, Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), Department of Earth Systems Analysis, Biomechanical Engineering, TechMed Centre, Biomolecular Nanotechnology, Research Methodology, Measurement and Data Analysis, Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, Inorganic Materials Science, MESA+ Institute, Biomedical and Environmental Sensorsystems, Mesoscale Chemical Systems, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Nonlinear Solid Mechanics, Digital Society Institute, Pervasive Systems, Nanobiophysics, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Multi Scale Mechanics, Engineering Fluid Dynamics, Physics of Complex Fluids, Developmental BioEngineering, Physics of Fluids, Elastomer Technology and Engineering, Medical Cell Biophysics, European Membrane Institute, Department of Earth Observation Science, Biomaterials Science and Technology, Sustainable Process Technology, Department of Urban and Regional Planning and Geo-Information Management, Department of Natural Resources, XUV Optics, Databases (Former), Department of Water Resources, Psychology, Health & Technology, Membrane Science & Technology, Department of Public Health, Clinicum, HUS Neurocenter, HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Environmental Sciences

Subjects
Male, very elderly, Demographic transition, HALE, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, preschool child, Global Burden of Disease, Carga Global de Enfermedades, 0302 clinical medicine, newborn, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, and Risk Factors Study, 80 and over, 030212 general & internal medicine, Birth Rate, Child, Migration, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, Injuries, Geography, Mortality rate, 1. No poverty, DEATH, Censuses, General Medicine, SDG 10 - Reduced Inequalities, Middle Aged, Demographic analysis, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, 3. Good health, demographic analysis, Estilo de Vida Saludable, risk factor, Child, Preschool, Demography/statistics & numerical data, Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, Risk Factors, Fertility, Mortality, Migration, Population, epidemiology, Female, A990 Medicine and Dentistry not elsewhere classified, CHILD-MORTALITY, Live Birth, Global Health Metrics, TRANSITION, demographics, GBD, fertility, mortality, hale, Adult, Adolescent, Total fertility rate, Population, Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study, Birth rate, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Life Expectancy, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, General & Internal Medicine, SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS, Demografía, Humans, Global Burden of Disease Study, human, Mortality, education, Preschool, Aged, Demography, Spatial Analysis, questionnaire, Infant, Newborn, Klinisk medicin, HIV, Infant, Global Burden of Diseases, sex-specific fertility, Live Birth/epidemiology, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.00 [https], MODEL, Fertilidad, Fertility, Demographic change, Life expectancy, NA, global disease burden, Clinical Medicine, population research
Abstract

Background Accurate and up-to-date assessment of demographic metrics is crucial for understanding a wide range of social, economic, and public health issues that affect populations worldwide. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 produced updated and comprehensive demographic assessments of the key indicators of fertility, mortality, migration, and population for 204 countries and territories and selected subnational locations from 1950 to 2019. Methods 8078 country-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 938 surveys, 349 censuses, and 238 other sources were identified and used to estimate age-specific fertility. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate age-specific fertility rates for 5-year age groups between ages 15 and 49 years. With extensions to age groups 10-14 and 50-54 years, the total fertility rate (TFR) was then aggregated using the estimated age-specific fertility between ages 10 and 54 years. 7417 sources were used for under-5 mortality estimation and 7355 for adult mortality. ST-GPR was used to synthesise data sources after correction for known biases. Adult mortality was measured as the probability of death between ages 15 and 60 years based on vital registration, sample registration, and sibling histories, and was also estimated using ST-GPR. HIV-free life tables were then estimated using estimates of under-5 and adult mortality rates using a relational model life table system created for GBD, which closely tracks observed age-specific mortality rates from complete vital registration when available. Independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated by an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance and other sources were incorporated into the estimates in countries with large epidemics. Annual and single-year age estimates of net migration and population for each country and territory were generated using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model that analysed estimated age-specific fertility and mortality rates along with 1250 censuses and 747 population registry years. We classified location-years into seven categories on the basis of the natural rate of increase in population (calculated by subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate) and the net migration rate. We computed healthy life expectancy (HALE) using years lived with disability (YLDs) per capita, life tables, and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty was propagated throughout the demographic estimation process, including fertility, mortality, and population, with 1000 draw-level estimates produced for each metric. Findings The global TFR decreased from 2.72 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 2.66-2.79) in 2000 to 2.31 (2.17-2.46) in 2019. Global annual livebirths increased from 134.5 million (131.5-137.8) in 2000 to a peak of 139.6 million (133.0-146.9) in 2016. Global livebirths then declined to 135.3 million (127.2-144.1) in 2019. Of the 204 countries and territories included in this study, in 2019, 102 had a TFR lower than 2.1, which is considered a good approximation of replacement-level fertility. All countries in sub-Saharan Africa had TFRs above replacement level in 2019 and accounted for 27.1% (95% UI 26.4-27.8) of global livebirths. Global life expectancy at birth increased from 67.2 years (95% UI 66.8-67.6) in 2000 to 73.5 years (72.8-74.3) in 2019. The total number of deaths increased from 50.7 million (49.5-51.9) in 2000 to 56.5 million (53.7-59.2) in 2019. Under-5 deaths declined from 9.6 million (9.1-10.3) in 2000 to 5.0 million (4.3-6.0) in 2019. Global population increased by 25.7%, from 6.2 billion (6.0-6.3) in 2000 to 7.7 billion (7.5-8.0) in 2019. In 2019, 34 countries had negative natural rates of increase; in 17 of these, the population declined because immigration was not sufficient to counteract the negative rate of decline. Globally, HALE increased from 58.6 years (56.1-60.8) in 2000 to 63.5 years (60.8-66.1) in 2019. HALE increased in 202 of 204 countries and territories between 2000 and 2019. Interpretation Over the past 20 years, fertility rates have been dropping steadily and life expectancy has been increasing, with few exceptions. Much of this change follows historical patterns linking social and economic determinants, such as those captured by the GBD Socio-demographic Index, with demographic outcomes. More recently, several countries have experienced a combination of low fertility and stagnating improvement in mortality rates, pushing more populations into the late stages of the demographic transition. Tracking demographic change and the emergence of new patterns will be essential for global health monitoring. Copyright (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

10. Quantitative imaging of selenium, copper, and zinc in thin sections of biological tissues (slugs--genus arion) measured by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Author

Becker, J.S., Matusch, A., Depboylu, C., Dobrowolska, J., and Zoriy, M.V.

Subjects
Mass spectrometry -- Methods, Imaging systems -- Methods, Slugs (Mollusks) -- Physiological aspects, Selenium -- Identification and classification, Copper -- Identification and classification, Zinc -- Identification and classification, Chemistry
Abstract

Quantitative imaging analysis of endogenous an exogenous elements throughout entire organisms is required for studies of bioavailability, transport processes, distribution, contamination and to monitor environmental risks using indicator organisms. An imaging mass spectrometric technique using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) was developed to analyze selenium and metal distributions in longitudinal sections (thickness, 100 [micro]m) of entire slugs (genus arion). Slugs were fed with either a placebo or solutions containing 1000 [micro]g [mL.sup.-1] Se. Samples (raster area, 25 mm x 45 mm) were scanned together with synthetic matrixmatched standards with a focused beam of a Nd:YAG laser (wavelength, 266 nm; diameter of laser crater, 50 [micro]m; laser power density, 3 x [10.sup.9] x [cm.sup.-2]) in a large laser ablation chamber. The ablated material was transported with argon as carrier gas to the ICP ion source at a double focusing sector field ICPMS. Ion intensities of selenium ([sup.78][Se.sup.+], [sup.82][Se.sup.+]) were measured together with [sup.13][C.sup.+], [sup.63][Cu.sup.+], and [sup.64][Zn.sup.+] within the entire tissue section. The regression coefficient of the calibration curve was 0.998. Inhomogeneous distributions for Se but also for C, Cu, and Zn were found. Selenium was enriched in the kidney (150 [micro]g [g.sup.-1] in Se-treated animals versus 15 [micro]g [g.sup.-1] in the placebo-treated animal, respectively) and in the digestive gland (200 [micro]g [g.sup.-1] versus 25 [micro]g [g.sup.-1]). Highest Se concentrations were detected in the gut of Se-treated slugs (250 [micro]g [g.sup.-1]), and additional Se occurred in the skin of these animals. Cu was enriched in the heart and the mucous ventral skin. Interestingly, in addition to the localization in the digestive gland, Zn was detected only in the dorsal skin but not the ventral skin. The developed analytical technique allows the quantitative imaging of selenium together with selected metals in thin sections of biological tissue with limits of detection at the submicrogram per gram range.

Published
2007

12. Imaging of copper, zinc, and other elements in thin section of human brain samples (hippocampus) by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Author

Becker, J.S., Zoriy, M.V., Pickhardt, C., Palomero-Gallagher, N., and Zilles, K.

Subjects
Zinc compounds -- Chemical properties, Copper compounds -- Chemical properties, Mass spectrometry -- Usage, Ablation (Vaporization technology) -- Research, Chemistry
Abstract

Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) was used to produce images of element distribution in 20-[micro]m thin sections of human brain tissue. The sample surface was scanned (raster area ~80 [mm.sup.2]) with a focused laser beam (wavelength 213 nm, diameter of laser crater 50 [micro]m, and laser power density 3 x [10.sup.9] W [cm.sup.-2]) in a cooled laser ablation chamber developed for these measurements. The laser ablation system was coupled to a double-focusing sector field ICPMS. Ion intensities of [.sup.31][P.sup.+], [sup.32][S.sup.+], [sup.56][Fe.sup.+] [sup.63][Cu.sup.+], [.sup.64][Zn.sup.+], [sup.232][Th.sup.+], and [sup.238][U.sup.+] were measured within the area of interest of the human brain tissue (hippocampus) by LA-ICPMS. The quantitative determination of copper, zinc, uranium, and thorium distribution in thin slices of the human hippocampus was performed using matrix-matched laboratory standards. In addition, a new arrangement in solution-based calibration using a micronebulizer, which was inserted directly into the laser ablation chamber, was applied for validation of synthetic laboratory standard. The mass spectrometric analysis yielded an inhomogeneous distribution (layered structure) for P, S, Cu, and Zn in thin brain sections of the hippocampus. In contrast, Th and U are more homogeneously distributed at a low-concentration level with detection limits in the low-nanogram per gram range. The unique analytical capability and the limits of LA-ICPMS will be demonstrated for the imaging of element distribution in thin cross sections of brain tissue from the hippocampus. LA-ICPMS provides new information on the spatial element distribution of the layered structure in thin sections of brain tissues from the hippocampus.

Published
2005

15. Effect of an epitaxial CoSi2 layer on diffusion of B and Sb in Si during annealing and oxidation

Author

Tyagi, A.K., Kappius, L., Breuer, U., Bay, H.L., Becker, J.S., Mantl, S., and Dietze, H.J.

Subjects
Silicon -- Research, Annealing -- Research, Oxidation-reduction reaction -- Research, Semiconductor doping -- Research, Physics
Abstract

A study was conducted to analyze the diffusion of B and Sb in silicon with and without a 20-nm-thick epitaxial CoSi2 layer on top during annealing and oxidation. Doping superlattices were utilized to carry out the analysis. Experimental results indicated that Sb diffusivity was improved by a factor of 2 with respect to thermal diffusivity and by about a factor of 5 as compared to a case without a CoSi2 layer.

Published
1999

17. Five insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

Author

Hamadeh R.R., Soyiri I.N., Sreeramareddy C.T., Srinivasan V., Sripada K., Stovner L.J., Stockfelt L., Sultan I., Swope C.B., Vaicekonyte R., Sykes B.L., Szumowski L., Tabb K.M., Tabuchi T., Taddele B.W., Tahir Z., Tareque M.I., Tarigan I.U., Taveira N., Thankappan K.R., Thomas N., Varughese S., Touvier M., Tran B.X., Tsatsakis A., Vardavas C., Ullah I., Umeokonkwo C.D., Undurraga E.A., Upadhyay E., Vasankari T.J., Vasconcelos A.N., Veisani Y., Vidale S., Waheed Y., Wei J., Wang F., Zhao X.G., Wang Y., Yu C., Zhang Z., Wang H., Weiss J., Wiangkham T., Wickramasinghe N.D., Wu A., Xie Y., Xu G., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S., Yilgwan C.S., Yonemoto N., Younis M.Z., Younker T.P., Yu Y., Zaidi S., Zhang J., Zhang Y., Zheleva B., Zhu C., Abbafati C., Machado D.B., Cislaghi B., Salman O.M., Karanikolos M., McKee M., Abbas K.M., Brady O.J., Larson H.J., Trias-Llimos S., Cummins S., Langan S.M., Sartorius B., Hafiz A., Jenabi E., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji N., Borzouei S., Azarian G., Khazaei S., Abbasi M., Asghari B., Masoumi S., Komaki H., Taherkhani A., Adabi M., Abbasifard M., Bazmandegan G., Kamiab Z., Vakilian A., Anjomshoa M., Mokari A., Sabour S., Shahbaz M., Saeedi R., Ahmadieh H., Yousefinezhadi T., Haj-Mirzaian A., Nikbakhsh R., Safi S., Asgari S., Irvani S.N., Jahanmehr N., Ramezanzadeh K., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Khayamzadeh M., Abbastabar H., Shirkoohi R., Fazlzadeh M., Janjani H., Hosseini M., Mansournia M., Tohidinik H., Bakhtiari A., Fazaeli A., Mousavi S., Hasanzadeh A., Nabavizadeh B., Malekzadeh R., Hashemian M., Pourshams A., Salimzadeh H., Sepanlou S.G., Afarideh M., Esteghamati A., Esteghamati S., Ghajar A., Heidari B., Rezaei N., Mohamadi E., Rahimi-Movaghar A., Rahim F., Eskandarieh S., Sahraian M., Mohebi F., Aminorroaya A., Ebrahimi H., Farzadfar F., Mohajer B., Pishgar F., Saeedi Moghaddam S., Shabani M., Zarafshan H., Abolhassani H., Hafezi-Nejad N., Heidari-Soureshjani R., Abdollahi M., Farahmand M., Salamati P., Mehrabi Nasab E., Tajdini M., Aghamir S., Mirzaei R., Dibaji Forooshani Z., Khater M.M., Abd-Allah F., Abdelalim A., Abualhasan A., El-Jaafary S.I., Hassan A., Elsharkawy A., Khater A.M., Elhabashy H.R., Salem M.R.R., Salem H., Sadeghi M., Jafarinia M., Amini-Rarani M., Mohammadifard N., Sarrafzadegan N., Abdollahpour I., Sarveazad A., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Yoosefi Lebni J., Manafi N., Pazoki Toroudi H., Dorostkar F., Alipour V., Sheikhtaheri A., Arabloo J., Azari S., Ghashghaee A., Rezapour A., Naserbakht M., Kabir A., Mehri F., Yousefifard M., Asadi-Aliabadi M., Babaee E., Eshrati B., Goharinezhad S., Moradi M., Abedi P., Rashedi V., Kumar V., Elgendy I.Y., Basu S., Park J., Pereira A., Norheim O.F., Eagan A.W., Cahill L.E., Sheikh A., Abushouk A.I., Thakur B., Barnighausen T.W., Shrime M.G., Abedi A., Doshi C.P., Abegaz K.H., Geberemariyam B.S., Aynalem Y.A., Shiferaw W.S., Abosetugn A.E., Aboyans V., Abrams E.M., Gitimoghaddam M., Kissoon N., Stubbs J.L., Brauer M., Iyamu I.O., Kopec J.A., Pourmalek F., Ribeiro A.P., Malta D.C., Gomez R.S., Abreu L.G., Abrigo M.R.M., Almulhim A.M., Dahlawi S.M.A., Pottoo F.H., Menezes R.G., Alanzi T.M., Alumran A.K., Abu Haimed A.K., Madadin M., Alanezi F.M., Abu-Gharbieh E., Saddik B., Abu-Raddad L.J., Samy A.M., El Nahas N., Shalash A.S., Nabhan A.F., Kamath A.M., Kassebaum N.J., Aravkin A.Y., Kochhar S., Sorensen R.J.D., Afshin A., Burkart K., Cromwell E.A., Gakidou E., Hay S.I., Kyu H.H., Lopez A.D., Lozano R., Misganaw A.T., Mokdad A.H., Naghavi M., Pigott D.M., Reiner Jr R.C., Roth G.A., Stanaway J.D., Vollset S., Vos T., Lim S.S., Murray C.J.L., Kalani R., Ikuta K.S., Cho D.Y., Kneib C.J., Crowe C.S., Massenburg B.B., Morrison S.D., Acebedo A., Adelson J.D., Agesa K.M., Alam T., Albertson S.B., Anderson J.A., Antony C.M., Ashbaugh C., Assmus M., Azhar G., Balassyano S., Bannick M.S., Barthelemy C.M., Bender R.G., Bennitt F.B., Bertolacci G.J., Biehl M.H., Bisignano C., Boon-Dooley A.S., Briant P.S., Bryazka D., Bumgarner B.R., Callender C.S., Cao J., Castle C.D., Castro E., Causey K., Cercy K.M., Chalek J., Cohen A.J., Comfort H., Compton K., Croneberger A.J., Cruz J.A., Cunningham M., Dangel W.J., Dean F.E., DeCleene N.K., Deen A., Degenhardt L., Dingels Z.V., Dippenaar I.N., Dirac M.A., Dolgert A.J., Emmons-Bell S., Estep K., Farag T., Feigin V.L., Feldman R., Ferrara G., Ferrari A.J., Fitzgerald R., Force L.M., Fox J.T., Frank T.D., Fu W., Fukutaki K., Fuller J.E., Fullman N., Galles N.C., Gardner W.M., Gershberg Hayoon A., Goren E., Gorman T.M., Gottlich H.C., Guo G., Haddock B., Hagins H., Haile L.M., Hamilton E.B., Han C., Han H., Harvey J.D., Henny K., Henrikson H.J., Henry N.J., Herbert M.E., Hsiao T., Huynh C.K., Iannucci V.C., Ippolito H., Irvine C.M.S., Jafari H., Jahagirdar D., James S.L., Johnson C.O., Johnson S.C., Keller C., Kemmer L., Kendrick P.J., Knight M., Kocarnik J.M., Krohn K.J., Larson S.L., Lau K.M., Ledesma J.R., Leever A.T., LeGrand K.E., Lescinsky H., Lin C., Liu H., Liu Z., Lo J., Lu A., Ma J., Maddison E.R., Manguerra H., Marks A., Martopullo I., Mastrogiacomo C.I., May E.A., Mooney M.D., Mosser J.F., Mullany E.C., Mumford J., Munro S.B., Nandakumar V., Nguyen J., Nguyen M., Nichols E., Nixon M.R., Odell C.M., Ong K.L., Orji A.U., Ostroff S.M., Pasovic M., Paulson K.R., Pease S.A., Pennini A., Pierce M., Pilz T.M., Pletcher M., Rao P.C., Razo C., Redford S.B., Reinig N., Reitsma M.B., Rhinehart P., Robalik T., Roberts N.L.S., Rolfe S., Sbarra A.N., Schaeffer L.E., Shackelford K.A., Shadid J., Sharara F., Shaw D.H., Sheena B.S., Simpson K.E., Smith A., Spencer C.N., Spurlock E.E., Stark B.A., Steiner C., Steuben K.M., Sylte D.O., Tang M., Taylor H.J., Terrason S., Thomson A.M., Torre A.E., Travillian R., Troeger C.E., Vongpradith A., Walters M.K., Wang J., Watson A., Watson S., Whisnant J.L., Whiteford H.A., Wiens K.E., Wilner L.B., Wilson S., Wool E.E., Wozniak S.S., Wu J., Wulf Hanson S., Wunrow H., Xu R., Yadgir S., Yearwood J.A., York H.W., Yuan C., Zhao J.T., Zheng P., Zimsen S.R.M., Zlavog B.S., Chang A.Y., Oren E., Buchbinder R., Chin K.L., Guo Y., Polkinghorne K.R., Thrift A.G., Ackerman I.N., Cicuttini F.M., Li S., Zaman S., Suleria H., Cowie B.C., Wijeratne T., Patton G.C., Sawyer S.M., Adair T., Meretoja A., Adetokunboh O.O., Adamu A.A., Iwu C.J., Parry C.D.H., Seedat S., Ndwandwe D.E., Mahasha P.W., Stein D.J., Nnaji C.A., Sambala E.Z., Wiysonge C.S., Adebayo O.M., Ilesanmi O.S., Owolabi M.O., Adeoye A.M., Adedeji I.A., Adekanmbi V., Ibitoye S.E., John-Akinola Y.O., Oluwasanu M.M., Oghenetega O.B., Akinyemi R.O., Zandian H., Adham D., Zahirian Moghadam T., Advani S.M., Teagle W.L., Braithwaite D., Agasthi P., Saadatagah S., Afshari M., Agardh E.E., Allebeck P., Danielsson A., Deuba K., Carrero J.J., Fereshtehnejad S., Arnlov J., Nowak C., Cederroth C.R., Ahmadi A., Mills E.J., Kurmi O.P., Olagunju A.T., Agarwal G., Sathish T., Aghaali M., Mohammadbeigi A., Agrawal A., Ahmad T., Ahmadi K., Maleki S., Naderi M., Salahshoor M.R., Pourmirza Kalhori R., Almasi A., Salimi Y., Siabani S., Ziapour A., Barzegar A., Khazaie H., Kianipour N., Amiri F., Salehi Zahabi S., Mirzaei M., Shamsi M., Najafi F., Jalali A., Ghadiri K., Heydarpour F., Fattahi N., Karami Matin B., Kazemi Karyani A., Pirsaheb M., Rajati F., Sadeghi E., Safari Y., Sharafi K., Soltani S., Vasseghian Y., Atafar Z., Jalilian F., Mirzaei-Alavijeh M., Saeidi S., Soofi M., Zangeneh A., Mansouri B., Ahmadi M., Khafaie M.A., Safiri S., Moghadaszadeh M., Asghari Jafarabadi M., Doshmangir L., Jadidi-Niaragh F., Ghafourifard M., Spotin A., Khodayari M., Samadi Kafil H., Kalankesh L.R., Ahmadpour E., Yousefi B., Ansari F., Hassankhani H., Karimi S., Haririan H., Mereta S., Ahmed M.B., Feyissa G.T., Ciobanu L.G., Aji B., Aynalem G.L., Gebresillassie B., Tefera Y.G., Akalu T.Y., Baraki A.G., Tesema G.A., Tessema Z.T., Tamiru A.T., Azene Z.N., Netsere H.B., Yano Y., Akinyemiju T., Wu C., Zadey S., Samad Z., Ji J.S., Doshi P.P., John O., Jha V., Maulik P.K., Pesudovs K., Resnikoff S., Mitchell P.B., Sachdev P.S., Akombi B., Godinho M.A., Ivers R.Q., Peden A.E., Biswas R., Boufous S., Akunna C.J., Alahdab F., Hammer M.S., van Donkelaar A., Al-Aly Z., Dellavalle R.P., Alam S., Martin R.V., Alam N., De Leo D., Tadakamadla S.K., Alam K., Alcalde-Rabanal J.E., Avila-Burgos L., Servan-Mori E., Denova-Gutierrez E., Rodriguez-Ramirez S., Morales L., Poznanska A., Wojtyniak B., Rivera J.A., Campos-Nonato I.R., Campuzano Rincon J., Sanchez-Pimienta T.G., Mengesha M.B., Welay F.T., Alema N.M., Demsie D.G., Teame H., Teklehaimanot B.F., Alemu B.W., Gultie T., Bante A.B., Yeshitila Y.G., Geramo Y.C.D., Glagn M., Sorrie M.B., W/hawariat F.G., Amare A., Kasa A., Alemu Y., Mihretie K.M., Atnafu D.D., Demeke F.M., Melese A., Bante S.A., Dessie G.A., Mengesha E.W., Nigatu D., Almadi M.A.H., Alhabib K.F., Mohammad Y., Altirkawi K.A., Temsah M., Kugbey N., Ayanore M.A., Alhassan R.K., Ali M., Ali S., Alicandro G., Kalhor R., Alijanzadeh M., Alinia C., Yusefzadeh H., Didarloo A., Alizade H., Nikpoor A., Aljunid S.M., Alla F., Leal L.F., Almasi-Hashiani A., Moradzadeh R., Zamanian M., Nazari J., Amini S., Ghamari F., Almasri N.A., Khan M., Al-Mekhlafi H.M., Bedi N., Alonso J., Ciber E.S.P., Al-Raddadi R.M., Zakzuk J., Alvis-Guzman N., Alvis-Zakzuk N.J., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Malagon-Rojas J.N., Gezae K., Gesesew H.A., Muthupandian S., Berhe K., Amare B., Ayza M.A., Gebreslassie A.A.A., Bitew H., Zewdie K.A., Tela F.G.G., Gill T.K., Noubiap J., Lassi Z.S., Bhandari D., Amit A.L., Antonio C.T., Faraon E.A., Lopez J.F., Atre S.R., Ballew S.H., Matsushita K., Khoja A.T., Daneshpajouhnejad P., Ghadimi M., Shafaat O., Fanzo J., Amugsi D.A., Amul G.H., Koh D.S.Q., Venketasubramanian N., Anbesu E.W., Mohammed J.A., Wondmeneh T.G., Andrei C., Negoi R.I., Davitoiu D.V., Manda A., Negoi I., Preotescu L., Hostiuc M., Hostiuc S., Ancuceanu R., Hasan M., Leung J., Anderlini D., Mamun A.A., Maravilla J.C., McGrath J.J., Charlson F.J., Lalloo R., Uddin R., Erskine H.E., Knibbs L.D., Mantilla Herrera A.M., Santomauro D.F., Mirica A., Ausloos M., Herteliu C., Otoiu A., Pana A., Andrei T., Stefan S., Androudi S., Angus C., Ansari I., Pourjafar H., Shams-Beyranvand M., Ansari-Moghaddam A., Khammarnia M., Antonazzo I., Ferrara P., Conti S., Cortesi P.A., Fornari C., Lee P.H., Antriyandarti E., Yousefi Z., Rafiei A., Javidnia J., Faridnia R., Anvari D., Moosazadeh M., Rezai M., Daryani A., Fareed M., Anwer R., Appiah S., Paudel D., Dichgans M., Riahi S., Rajabpour-Sanati A., Arab-Zozani M., Arba A.A.K., Aremu O., Ariani F., Aripov T., Armoon B., Mahdavi M.M., Arowosegbe O.O., Tediosi F., Aryal K.K., Mosapour A., Yaminfirooz M., Arzani A., Bijani A., Jahani M.A., Mouodi S., Zamani M., Asaad M., Dianatinasab M., Bahrami M., Pakshir K., Asadi-Pooya A.A., Bayati M., Shahabi S., Athari S., Atout M.M.W., Atteraya M.S., Brugha T., Ausloos F., Avokpaho E.F.G., Room R., Islam M., Edvardsson D., Rahman M., Ayala Quintanilla B., Gething P.W., Briggs A.M., Ayano G., Hendrie D., Miller T.R., Azzopardi P.S., Hoogar P., B D.B., Kulkarni V., Kumar N., Mithra P., Shetty R.S., Thapar R., Padubidri J., Bakkannavar S.M., Nayak V.C., Rastogi P., Shetty B.K., Bhageerathy R., Gudi N., Boloor A., Holla R., Rathi P., Unnikrishnan B., Janodia M.D., Lang J.J., Badawi A., Orpana H.M., Bhutta Z.A., Shield K.D., Chattu V., Badiye A.D., Kapoor N., Bagherzadeh M., Rabiee N., Bagli E., Baig A.A., Bairwa M., Lodha R., Sagar R., Rath G.K., Bhardwaj P., Charan J., Kanchan T., Joshi A., Pakhare A.P., Bakhshaei M., Naghshtabrizi B., Balachandran A., Hoek H.W., Postma M.J., Geremew A., Gebrehiwot A.M., Balakrishnan S., Desalew A., Bojia H.A., Mohammed A.S., Regassa L.D., Parmar P.G.K., Balalla S., Roberts S., Baldasseroni A., Stokes M.A., Ball K., Islam S., Maddison R., Balzi D., Levi M., Banach M., Banerjee S.K., Banik P.C., Barua L., Faruque M., Barboza M.A., Barker-Collo S.L., Jonas J.B., Panda-Jonas S., De Neve J., Kohler S., Moazen B., Mohammed S., Barrero L.H., Basaleem H., Bassat Q., Haro J.M., Koyanagi A., Car J., Greaves F., Majeed A., Davis A.C., Steiner T.J., Kusuma D., Palladino R., Saxena S., Baune B.T., Karch A., Baye B.A., Darega Gela J., Kolola T., Becker J.S., DeLang M., West J., Gad M.M., Serre M.L., Gallus S., Lugo A., Beghi E., Pupillo E., Bosetti C., Giussani G., Bikbov B., Perico N., Remuzzi G., Imani-Nasab M., Nouraei Motlagh S., Sharafi Z., Behzadifar M., Bejot Y., Bekuma T.T., Yilma M.T., Bell M.L., Bello A.K., Rafiee A., Keddie S.H., Lucas T.C.D., Dolecek C., Dunachie S.J., Kraemer M.U.G., Rumisha S.F., Weiss D.J., Lewington S., Collins E.L., Nandi A.K., Zhao Y., Bennett D.A., Karim M.A., Lacey B., Khundkar R., Yaya S., Goulart A.C., Santos I.S., Bensenor I.M., Lotufo P.A., Tovani-Palone M.R., Castaldelli-Maia J., Furtado J.M., Benziger C.P., Berman A.E., Mazidi M., Bernabe E., Dargan P.I., Molokhia M., Shibuya K., Douiri A., Wolfe C.D.A., Hay R.J., Flohr C., Suchdev P.S., Ram P., Bernstein R.S., Liu Y., Bhagavathula A.S., Khan G., Grivna M., Bhala N., Chandan J.S., Gaidhane A.M., Quazi Syed Z., Saxena D., Khatib M., Bhat A.G., Bhattacharyya K., Bhattarai S., Das J.K., Bibi S., Bilano V., Bin Sayeed M., Cherbuin N., D'Amico E., Grosso G., Borzi A.M., Biondi A., Vacante M., Valli A., Birihane B.M., Bisanzio D., Hassan S., Bjorge T., Overland S., Bockarie M.J., Mensah G.A., Sliwa K., Gholamian A., Bohlouli S., Esmaeilnejad S., Bohluli M., Bolla S.R., Borges G., Bose D., Bourne R., Brayne C., Breitborde N.J.K., Fisher J.L., Breitner S., Brenner H., Breusov A.V., Rakovac I., Briko N.I., Lopukhov P.D., Glushkova E.V., Korshunov V.A., Polibin R.V., Jakovljevic M., Briko A.N., Britton G.B., Castro F., Moreno Velasquez I., Burnett R.T., Burugina Nagaraja S., Busse R., Butt Z.A., Caetano dos Santos F., Cai T., Hall B.J., Cahuana-Hurtado L., Camera L.A., Valdez P.R., Tudor Car L., Cardenas R., Gorini G., Carreras G., Fernandes E., Freitas M., Pereira D.M., Santos J.V., Ribeiro D., Pinheiro M., Massano J., das Neves J., Dias da Silva D., Carvalho F., Costa V.M., Silva J.P., Morgado-da-Costa J., Castelpietra G., Catala-Lopez F., Pakhale S., Cerin E., Yip P., Ho H., Chang J., Chang A.R., Chang K., Cooper O.R., Chaturvedi S., Chimed-Ochir O., Chirinos-Caceres J.L., Choi J.J., Christensen H., Truelsen T.C., Chu D., Kivimaki M., Chung S., Ward J.L., Chung M.T., Cirillo M., Iavicoli I., Classen T.K.D., Lauriola P., Corso B., Hugo F.N., Kieling C., Cousin E., Duncan B.B., Goulart B.N.G., Schmidt M.I., Stein C., Cowden R.G., MacLachlan J.H., Leigh J., Cross M., Ferreira M.L., Smith E.U.R., Driscoll T.R., Huda T.M., Hoy D.G., Horita N., Cross D.H., Dai H., Hu G., Damasceno A.A.M., Damiani G., La Vecchia C., Sanabria J., Pandey A., Mathur M.R., Zodpey S., Dandona L., Dandona R., Kumar G., Lal D.K., Hamagharib Abdullah K., Hosseinzadeh M., Darwesh A.M., Faraj A., Omar Bali A., Das Gupta R., Dash A.P., Davey G., Deribe K., Gebremedhin K.B., Wondmieneh A.B., Dereje N.D., Davila-Cervantes C.A., Davletov K., Mereke A., Serdar B., Gebremeskel G.G., Haile T.G., Tadesse D.B., Weldesamuel G.T., Demoz G.T., Gebremeskel L.G., Woldu G., Handiso D., Dervenis N., Topouzis F., Desai R., Dharmaratne S.D., Dhungana G.P., Emamian M., Diaz D., Djalalinia S., Nguyen T.H., Vu G.T., Do H.T., Dokova K., Doku D.T., Neupane S., Takala J.S., Doxey M.C., Doyle K.E., Renzaho A.M.N., Ogbo F.A., Robinson S.R., Vukovic A., Ilic I.M., Santric-Milicevic M.M., Vujcic I.S., Dubljanin E., Vukovic R., Rasella D., Duraes A.R., Ebrahimi Kalan M., Effiong A., Pond C.D., Ehrlich J.R., Liu X., Wei M.Y.W., El Sayed I., El Tantawi M., El Sayed Zaki M., Elbarazi I., Tsai A.C., Elyazar I.R., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Eskandari K., Sharifi H., Halvaei I., Ghaffarifar F., Zaki L., Hasanpoor E., Esmaeilzadeh F., Etemadi A., Lan Q., Yeheyis T.Y., Etisso A.E., Ezekannagha O., e Farinha C.S., Farioli A., Violante F.S., Faris P.S., Mohammad D.K., Faro A., Lam J.O., Filip I., Fischer F., Flor L.S., Foigt N.A., Folayan M.O., Fomenkov A.A., Foroutan M., Francis J.M., Franklin R.C., Fukumoto T., Gamkrelidze A., Kereselidze M., Garcia-Basteiro A.L., Lazarus J.V., Straif K., Ghiasvand H., Ghith N., Norrving B., Mehta K.M., Mohamad O., Salama J.S., Ghosh R., Giampaoli S., Gilani S., Hameed S., Hanif A., Rana S.M., Uthman O.A., Gill P.S., Gillum R.F., Ginawi I.A., Ginindza T.G., Tlou B., Tanser F.C., Gnedovskaya E.V., Kravchenko M.A., Piradov M.A., Golechha M., Goli S., Milne G.J., Schlaich M.P., Hankey G.J., Gona P.N., Gopalani S.V., Goudarzi H., Rawassizadeh R., Grada A., Nsoesie E.O., Javaheri T., Rawaf S., Steel N., Gubari M.I.M., Gugnani H.C., Guimaraes A.L.S., Guimaraes R.A., Guled R.A., Senbeta A.M., Hashi A., Omer M.O., Yousuf A.Y., Gupta S.S., Gupta T., Gupta R., Haagsma J.A., Polinder S., Hachinski V., Stranges S., Hamidi S., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tyrovolas S., Hasaballah A.I., Hassanipour S., Joukar F., Mansour-Ghanaei F., Jaafari J., Havmoeller R.J., Hayat K., Heibati B., Heidari G., Henok A., Hird T.R., Moraga P., Sigfusdottir I.D., Phillips M.R., Hole M.K., Hollingsworth B., Hopf K.P., Hosgood H., Hossain N., Mai H.T., Nguyen C.T., Nguyen H.L.T., Pham H.Q., Nguyen D.N., Househ M., Hsairi M., Lin R., Hsieh V., Hwang B., Hu K., Humayun A., Hussain R., Ibeneme C.U., Ikeda N., Ilic M.D., Inbaraj L.R., Iqbal U., Islami F., Yamagishi K., Iso H., Iwu C.C.D., Jacobsen K.H., Jayatilleke A.U., Jeemon P., Jha R.P., Jia P., Osei F.B., Schutte A.E., Johansson L., Szocska M., Joo T., Jozwiak J.J., Jurisson M., Kabir Z., Roshandel G., Oladnabi M., Kalani H., Kassa G.M., Katikireddi S.V., Yamada T., Nomura S., Kawakami N., Kayode G.A., Kromhout H., Traini E., Kumar M., Keiyoro P.N., Muriithi M.K., Wamai R.G., Khader Y.S., Khalid N., Khan E.A., Khang Y., Khatab K., Khubchandani J., Yoon S., Shin M., Kim C., Kim Y., Kim D., Kimokoti R.W., Kinfu Y., Kisa S., Kisa A., Kissimova-Skarbek K., Topor-Madry R., Lallukka T., Meretoja T.J., Shivakumar K.M., Knudsen A.S., Sulo G., Kosen S., Kotlo A., Koul P.A., Krishan K., KS S., Kuate Defo B., Kucuk Bicer B., Yuce D., Rawat R., Meitei W.B., Kumar P., Singh P., Kumaresh G., Lami F.H., Landires I., Nunez-Samudio V., Landires, Lansingh V.C., Lansky S., Larsson A.O., Lasrado S., Lavados P.M., Leasher J.L., Lee S.W.H., Leonardi M., Raggi A., Sattin PsyD, S Schiavolin D., Li B., Lim L., Takahashi K., Linehan C., Linn S., Shuval K., Listl S., Zhou M., Liu S., Logroscino G., Looker K.J., Lorkowski S., Lunevicius R., Lyons R.A., Madotto F., Magdy Abd El Razek H., Magdy Abd El Razek M., Mahmoudi M., Maled V., Moradi G., Maleki A., Manafi A., Mapoma C., Martini S., Martins-Melo F.R., Masaka A., McAlinden C., Momen N.C., Plana-Ripoll O., Medina-Solis C.E., Meharie B., Mehndiratta M., Mehrotra R., Suliankatchi Abdulkader R., Mekonnen T., Memiah P.T.N., Wallin M.T., Memish Z.A., Mendoza W., Mestrovic T., Miazgowski T., Miazgowski B., Michalek I., Mini G., Miri M., Mirrakhimov E.M., Mirzaei H., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammadpourhodki R., Sahebkar A., Mohammed H., Sufiyan M.B., Mohseni Bandpei M.A., Monasta L., Ronfani L., Mondello S., Moradi-Joo M., Morawska L., Mousavi Khaneghah A., Westerman R., Werdecker A., Mueller U.O., Mukhopadhyay S., Musa K., Mustafa G., Nagarajan A.J., Nagel G., Rothenbacher D., Naik G., Schwebel D.C., Singh J.A., Naimzada M., Otstavnov N., Otstavnov S.S., Soshnikov S., Titova M.V., Nair S., Naldi L., Nangia V., Nansseu J., Sobngwi E., Nguefack-Tsague G., Ndejjo R., Ngari K.N., Ngunjiri J.W., Nigatu Y.T., Oancea B., Oh I., Okunga E.W., Olusanya J.O., Olusanya B.O., Ong S., Onwujekwe O.E., Ortega-Altamirano D.V., Ortiz A., Soriano J.B., Osarenotor O., Ostojic S.M., Vlassov V., Pa M., Pangaribuan H.U., Park E., Pasupula D., Patel J.R., Patel S.K., Paternina-Caicedo A.J., Pathak M., Pathak A., Patten S.B., Tonelli M., Weintraub R.G., Paudel S., Pepito V.F., Thurston G.D., Peprah E.K., Pereira J., Pescarini J.M., Piccinelli C., Pilgrim T., Plass D., Pokhrel K.N., Prada S.I., Prakash V., Prakash S., Prasad N., Shigematsu M., Pribadi D.R.A., Sudaryanto A., Rabiee M., Radfar A., Ranabhat C.L., Ranta A., Ribeiro D.C., Rao S., Rawaf D.L., Rawal L., Renjith V., Rickard J., Roever L., Romoli M., Rostamian M., Rubagotti E., Rwegerera G.M., Ullah S., Sajadi S., Salam N., Salomon J.A., Salz I., Saraswathy S.Y., Sarmiento-Suarez R., Sathian B., Savic M., Saylan M., Schwendicke F., Sekerija M., Senthilkumaran S., Sha F., Shaheen A.A., Shaikh M.A., Shamsizadeh M., Shannawaz M., Sharma R., Shin J., Shiri R., Sierpinski R., Sigurvinsdottir R., Silva D.A.S., Simonetti B., Singh A., Sinha D.N., Skiadaresi E., Skou S.T., Skryabin V.Y., Zastrozhin M.S., Soheili A., Sokhan A., Somefun O.D., Korotkova A.V., Hamadeh R.R., Soyiri I.N., Sreeramareddy C.T., Srinivasan V., Sripada K., Stovner L.J., Stockfelt L., Sultan I., Swope C.B., Vaicekonyte R., Sykes B.L., Szumowski L., Tabb K.M., Tabuchi T., Taddele B.W., Tahir Z., Tareque M.I., Tarigan I.U., Taveira N., Thankappan K.R., Thomas N., Varughese S., Touvier M., Tran B.X., Tsatsakis A., Vardavas C., Ullah I., Umeokonkwo C.D., Undurraga E.A., Upadhyay E., Vasankari T.J., Vasconcelos A.N., Veisani Y., Vidale S., Waheed Y., Wei J., Wang F., Zhao X.G., Wang Y., Yu C., Zhang Z., Wang H., Weiss J., Wiangkham T., Wickramasinghe N.D., Wu A., Xie Y., Xu G., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S., Yilgwan C.S., Yonemoto N., Younis M.Z., Younker T.P., Yu Y., Zaidi S., Zhang J., Zhang Y., Zheleva B., Zhu C., Abbafati C., Machado D.B., Cislaghi B., Salman O.M., Karanikolos M., McKee M., Abbas K.M., Brady O.J., Larson H.J., Trias-Llimos S., Cummins S., Langan S.M., Sartorius B., Hafiz A., Jenabi E., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji N., Borzouei S., Azarian G., Khazaei S., Abbasi M., Asghari B., Masoumi S., Komaki H., Taherkhani A., Adabi M., Abbasifard M., Bazmandegan G., Kamiab Z., Vakilian A., Anjomshoa M., Mokari A., Sabour S., Shahbaz M., Saeedi R., Ahmadieh H., Yousefinezhadi T., Haj-Mirzaian A., Nikbakhsh R., Safi S., Asgari S., Irvani S.N., Jahanmehr N., Ramezanzadeh K., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Khayamzadeh M., Abbastabar H., Shirkoohi R., Fazlzadeh M., Janjani H., Hosseini M., Mansournia M., Tohidinik H., Bakhtiari A., Fazaeli A., Mousavi S., Hasanzadeh A., Nabavizadeh B., Malekzadeh R., Hashemian M., Pourshams A., Salimzadeh H., Sepanlou S.G., Afarideh M., Esteghamati A., Esteghamati S., Ghajar A., Heidari B., Rezaei N., Mohamadi E., Rahimi-Movaghar A., Rahim F., Eskandarieh S., Sahraian M., Mohebi F., Aminorroaya A., Ebrahimi H., Farzadfar F., Mohajer B., Pishgar F., Saeedi Moghaddam S., Shabani M., Zarafshan H., Abolhassani H., Hafezi-Nejad N., Heidari-Soureshjani R., Abdollahi M., Farahmand M., Salamati P., Mehrabi Nasab E., Tajdini M., Aghamir S., Mirzaei R., Dibaji Forooshani Z., Khater M.M., Abd-Allah F., Abdelalim A., Abualhasan A., El-Jaafary S.I., Hassan A., Elsharkawy A., Khater A.M., Elhabashy H.R., Salem M.R.R., Salem H., Sadeghi M., Jafarinia M., Amini-Rarani M., Mohammadifard N., Sarrafzadegan N., Abdollahpour I., Sarveazad A., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Yoosefi Lebni J., Manafi N., Pazoki Toroudi H., Dorostkar F., Alipour V., Sheikhtaheri A., Arabloo J., Azari S., Ghashghaee A., Rezapour A., Naserbakht M., Kabir A., Mehri F., Yousefifard M., Asadi-Aliabadi M., Babaee E., Eshrati B., Goharinezhad S., Moradi M., Abedi P., Rashedi V., Kumar V., Elgendy I.Y., Basu S., Park J., Pereira A., Norheim O.F., Eagan A.W., Cahill L.E., Sheikh A., Abushouk A.I., Thakur B., Barnighausen T.W., Shrime M.G., Abedi A., Doshi C.P., Abegaz K.H., Geberemariyam B.S., Aynalem Y.A., Shiferaw W.S., Abosetugn A.E., Aboyans V., Abrams E.M., Gitimoghaddam M., Kissoon N., Stubbs J.L., Brauer M., Iyamu I.O., Kopec J.A., Pourmalek F., Ribeiro A.P., Malta D.C., Gomez R.S., Abreu L.G., Abrigo M.R.M., Almulhim A.M., Dahlawi S.M.A., Pottoo F.H., Menezes R.G., Alanzi T.M., Alumran A.K., Abu Haimed A.K., Madadin M., Alanezi F.M., Abu-Gharbieh E., Saddik B., Abu-Raddad L.J., Samy A.M., El Nahas N., Shalash A.S., Nabhan A.F., Kamath A.M., Kassebaum N.J., Aravkin A.Y., Kochhar S., Sorensen R.J.D., Afshin A., Burkart K., Cromwell E.A., Gakidou E., Hay S.I., Kyu H.H., Lopez A.D., Lozano R., Misganaw A.T., Mokdad A.H., Naghavi M., Pigott D.M., Reiner Jr R.C., Roth G.A., Stanaway J.D., Vollset S., Vos T., Lim S.S., Murray C.J.L., Kalani R., Ikuta K.S., Cho D.Y., Kneib C.J., Crowe C.S., Massenburg B.B., Morrison S.D., Acebedo A., Adelson J.D., Agesa K.M., Alam T., Albertson S.B., Anderson J.A., Antony C.M., Ashbaugh C., Assmus M., Azhar G., Balassyano S., Bannick M.S., Barthelemy C.M., Bender R.G., Bennitt F.B., Bertolacci G.J., Biehl M.H., Bisignano C., Boon-Dooley A.S., Briant P.S., Bryazka D., Bumgarner B.R., Callender C.S., Cao J., Castle C.D., Castro E., Causey K., Cercy K.M., Chalek J., Cohen A.J., Comfort H., Compton K., Croneberger A.J., Cruz J.A., Cunningham M., Dangel W.J., Dean F.E., DeCleene N.K., Deen A., Degenhardt L., Dingels Z.V., Dippenaar I.N., Dirac M.A., Dolgert A.J., Emmons-Bell S., Estep K., Farag T., Feigin V.L., Feldman R., Ferrara G., Ferrari A.J., Fitzgerald R., Force L.M., Fox J.T., Frank T.D., Fu W., Fukutaki K., Fuller J.E., Fullman N., Galles N.C., Gardner W.M., Gershberg Hayoon A., Goren E., Gorman T.M., Gottlich H.C., Guo G., Haddock B., Hagins H., Haile L.M., Hamilton E.B., Han C., Han H., Harvey J.D., Henny K., Henrikson H.J., Henry N.J., Herbert M.E., Hsiao T., Huynh C.K., Iannucci V.C., Ippolito H., Irvine C.M.S., Jafari H., Jahagirdar D., James S.L., Johnson C.O., Johnson S.C., Keller C., Kemmer L., Kendrick P.J., Knight M., Kocarnik J.M., Krohn K.J., Larson S.L., Lau K.M., Ledesma J.R., Leever A.T., LeGrand K.E., Lescinsky H., Lin C., Liu H., Liu Z., Lo J., Lu A., Ma J., Maddison E.R., Manguerra H., Marks A., Martopullo I., Mastrogiacomo C.I., May E.A., Mooney M.D., Mosser J.F., Mullany E.C., Mumford J., Munro S.B., Nandakumar V., Nguyen J., Nguyen M., Nichols E., Nixon M.R., Odell C.M., Ong K.L., Orji A.U., Ostroff S.M., Pasovic M., Paulson K.R., Pease S.A., Pennini A., Pierce M., Pilz T.M., Pletcher M., Rao P.C., Razo C., Redford S.B., Reinig N., Reitsma M.B., Rhinehart P., Robalik T., Roberts N.L.S., Rolfe S., Sbarra A.N., Schaeffer L.E., Shackelford K.A., Shadid J., Sharara F., Shaw D.H., Sheena B.S., Simpson K.E., Smith A., Spencer C.N., Spurlock E.E., Stark B.A., Steiner C., Steuben K.M., Sylte D.O., Tang M., Taylor H.J., Terrason S., Thomson A.M., Torre A.E., Travillian R., Troeger C.E., Vongpradith A., Walters M.K., Wang J., Watson A., Watson S., Whisnant J.L., Whiteford H.A., Wiens K.E., Wilner L.B., Wilson S., Wool E.E., Wozniak S.S., Wu J., Wulf Hanson S., Wunrow H., Xu R., Yadgir S., Yearwood J.A., York H.W., Yuan C., Zhao J.T., Zheng P., Zimsen S.R.M., Zlavog B.S., Chang A.Y., Oren E., Buchbinder R., Chin K.L., Guo Y., Polkinghorne K.R., Thrift A.G., Ackerman I.N., Cicuttini F.M., Li S., Zaman S., Suleria H., Cowie B.C., Wijeratne T., Patton G.C., Sawyer S.M., Adair T., Meretoja A., Adetokunboh O.O., Adamu A.A., Iwu C.J., Parry C.D.H., Seedat S., Ndwandwe D.E., Mahasha P.W., Stein D.J., Nnaji C.A., Sambala E.Z., Wiysonge C.S., Adebayo O.M., Ilesanmi O.S., Owolabi M.O., Adeoye A.M., Adedeji I.A., Adekanmbi V., Ibitoye S.E., John-Akinola Y.O., Oluwasanu M.M., Oghenetega O.B., Akinyemi R.O., Zandian H., Adham D., Zahirian Moghadam T., Advani S.M., Teagle W.L., Braithwaite D., Agasthi P., Saadatagah S., Afshari M., Agardh E.E., Allebeck P., Danielsson A., Deuba K., Carrero J.J., Fereshtehnejad S., Arnlov J., Nowak C., Cederroth C.R., Ahmadi A., Mills E.J., Kurmi O.P., Olagunju A.T., Agarwal G., Sathish T., Aghaali M., Mohammadbeigi A., Agrawal A., Ahmad T., Ahmadi K., Maleki S., Naderi M., Salahshoor M.R., Pourmirza Kalhori R., Almasi A., Salimi Y., Siabani S., Ziapour A., Barzegar A., Khazaie H., Kianipour N., Amiri F., Salehi Zahabi S., Mirzaei M., Shamsi M., Najafi F., Jalali A., Ghadiri K., Heydarpour F., Fattahi N., Karami Matin B., Kazemi Karyani A., Pirsaheb M., Rajati F., Sadeghi E., Safari Y., Sharafi K., Soltani S., Vasseghian Y., Atafar Z., Jalilian F., Mirzaei-Alavijeh M., Saeidi S., Soofi M., Zangeneh A., Mansouri B., Ahmadi M., Khafaie M.A., Safiri S., Moghadaszadeh M., Asghari Jafarabadi M., Doshmangir L., Jadidi-Niaragh F., Ghafourifard M., Spotin A., Khodayari M., Samadi Kafil H., Kalankesh L.R., Ahmadpour E., Yousefi B., Ansari F., Hassankhani H., Karimi S., Haririan H., Mereta S., Ahmed M.B., Feyissa G.T., Ciobanu L.G., Aji B., Aynalem G.L., Gebresillassie B., Tefera Y.G., Akalu T.Y., Baraki A.G., Tesema G.A., Tessema Z.T., Tamiru A.T., Azene Z.N., Netsere H.B., Yano Y., Akinyemiju T., Wu C., Zadey S., Samad Z., Ji J.S., Doshi P.P., John O., Jha V., Maulik P.K., Pesudovs K., Resnikoff S., Mitchell P.B., Sachdev P.S., Akombi B., Godinho M.A., Ivers R.Q., Peden A.E., Biswas R., Boufous S., Akunna C.J., Alahdab F., Hammer M.S., van Donkelaar A., Al-Aly Z., Dellavalle R.P., Alam S., Martin R.V., Alam N., De Leo D., Tadakamadla S.K., Alam K., Alcalde-Rabanal J.E., Avila-Burgos L., Servan-Mori E., Denova-Gutierrez E., Rodriguez-Ramirez S., Morales L., Poznanska A., Wojtyniak B., Rivera J.A., Campos-Nonato I.R., Campuzano Rincon J., Sanchez-Pimienta T.G., Mengesha M.B., Welay F.T., Alema N.M., Demsie D.G., Teame H., Teklehaimanot B.F., Alemu B.W., Gultie T., Bante A.B., Yeshitila Y.G., Geramo Y.C.D., Glagn M., Sorrie M.B., W/hawariat F.G., Amare A., Kasa A., Alemu Y., Mihretie K.M., Atnafu D.D., Demeke F.M., Melese A., Bante S.A., Dessie G.A., Mengesha E.W., Nigatu D., Almadi M.A.H., Alhabib K.F., Mohammad Y., Altirkawi K.A., Temsah M., Kugbey N., Ayanore M.A., Alhassan R.K., Ali M., Ali S., Alicandro G., Kalhor R., Alijanzadeh M., Alinia C., Yusefzadeh H., Didarloo A., Alizade H., Nikpoor A., Aljunid S.M., Alla F., Leal L.F., Almasi-Hashiani A., Moradzadeh R., Zamanian M., Nazari J., Amini S., Ghamari F., Almasri N.A., Khan M., Al-Mekhlafi H.M., Bedi N., Alonso J., Ciber E.S.P., Al-Raddadi R.M., Zakzuk J., Alvis-Guzman N., Alvis-Zakzuk N.J., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Malagon-Rojas J.N., Gezae K., Gesesew H.A., Muthupandian S., Berhe K., Amare B., Ayza M.A., Gebreslassie A.A.A., Bitew H., Zewdie K.A., Tela F.G.G., Gill T.K., Noubiap J., Lassi Z.S., Bhandari D., Amit A.L., Antonio C.T., Faraon E.A., Lopez J.F., Atre S.R., Ballew S.H., Matsushita K., Khoja A.T., Daneshpajouhnejad P., Ghadimi M., Shafaat O., Fanzo J., Amugsi D.A., Amul G.H., Koh D.S.Q., Venketasubramanian N., Anbesu E.W., Mohammed J.A., Wondmeneh T.G., Andrei C., Negoi R.I., Davitoiu D.V., Manda A., Negoi I., Preotescu L., Hostiuc M., Hostiuc S., Ancuceanu R., Hasan M., Leung J., Anderlini D., Mamun A.A., Maravilla J.C., McGrath J.J., Charlson F.J., Lalloo R., Uddin R., Erskine H.E., Knibbs L.D., Mantilla Herrera A.M., Santomauro D.F., Mirica A., Ausloos M., Herteliu C., Otoiu A., Pana A., Andrei T., Stefan S., Androudi S., Angus C., Ansari I., Pourjafar H., Shams-Beyranvand M., Ansari-Moghaddam A., Khammarnia M., Antonazzo I., Ferrara P., Conti S., Cortesi P.A., Fornari C., Lee P.H., Antriyandarti E., Yousefi Z., Rafiei A., Javidnia J., Faridnia R., Anvari D., Moosazadeh M., Rezai M., Daryani A., Fareed M., Anwer R., Appiah S., Paudel D., Dichgans M., Riahi S., Rajabpour-Sanati A., Arab-Zozani M., Arba A.A.K., Aremu O., Ariani F., Aripov T., Armoon B., Mahdavi M.M., Arowosegbe O.O., Tediosi F., Aryal K.K., Mosapour A., Yaminfirooz M., Arzani A., Bijani A., Jahani M.A., Mouodi S., Zamani M., Asaad M., Dianatinasab M., Bahrami M., Pakshir K., Asadi-Pooya A.A., Bayati M., Shahabi S., Athari S., Atout M.M.W., Atteraya M.S., Brugha T., Ausloos F., Avokpaho E.F.G., Room R., Islam M., Edvardsson D., Rahman M., Ayala Quintanilla B., Gething P.W., Briggs A.M., Ayano G., Hendrie D., Miller T.R., Azzopardi P.S., Hoogar P., B D.B., Kulkarni V., Kumar N., Mithra P., Shetty R.S., Thapar R., Padubidri J., Bakkannavar S.M., Nayak V.C., Rastogi P., Shetty B.K., Bhageerathy R., Gudi N., Boloor A., Holla R., Rathi P., Unnikrishnan B., Janodia M.D., Lang J.J., Badawi A., Orpana H.M., Bhutta Z.A., Shield K.D., Chattu V., Badiye A.D., Kapoor N., Bagherzadeh M., Rabiee N., Bagli E., Baig A.A., Bairwa M., Lodha R., Sagar R., Rath G.K., Bhardwaj P., Charan J., Kanchan T., Joshi A., Pakhare A.P., Bakhshaei M., Naghshtabrizi B., Balachandran A., Hoek H.W., Postma M.J., Geremew A., Gebrehiwot A.M., Balakrishnan S., Desalew A., Bojia H.A., Mohammed A.S., Regassa L.D., Parmar P.G.K., Balalla S., Roberts S., Baldasseroni A., Stokes M.A., Ball K., Islam S., Maddison R., Balzi D., Levi M., Banach M., Banerjee S.K., Banik P.C., Barua L., Faruque M., Barboza M.A., Barker-Collo S.L., Jonas J.B., Panda-Jonas S., De Neve J., Kohler S., Moazen B., Mohammed S., Barrero L.H., Basaleem H., Bassat Q., Haro J.M., Koyanagi A., Car J., Greaves F., Majeed A., Davis A.C., Steiner T.J., Kusuma D., Palladino R., Saxena S., Baune B.T., Karch A., Baye B.A., Darega Gela J., Kolola T., Becker J.S., DeLang M., West J., Gad M.M., Serre M.L., Gallus S., Lugo A., Beghi E., Pupillo E., Bosetti C., Giussani G., Bikbov B., Perico N., Remuzzi G., Imani-Nasab M., Nouraei Motlagh S., Sharafi Z., Behzadifar M., Bejot Y., Bekuma T.T., Yilma M.T., Bell M.L., Bello A.K., Rafiee A., Keddie S.H., Lucas T.C.D., Dolecek C., Dunachie S.J., Kraemer M.U.G., Rumisha S.F., Weiss D.J., Lewington S., Collins E.L., Nandi A.K., Zhao Y., Bennett D.A., Karim M.A., Lacey B., Khundkar R., Yaya S., Goulart A.C., Santos I.S., Bensenor I.M., Lotufo P.A., Tovani-Palone M.R., Castaldelli-Maia J., Furtado J.M., Benziger C.P., Berman A.E., Mazidi M., Bernabe E., Dargan P.I., Molokhia M., Shibuya K., Douiri A., Wolfe C.D.A., Hay R.J., Flohr C., Suchdev P.S., Ram P., Bernstein R.S., Liu Y., Bhagavathula A.S., Khan G., Grivna M., Bhala N., Chandan J.S., Gaidhane A.M., Quazi Syed Z., Saxena D., Khatib M., Bhat A.G., Bhattacharyya K., Bhattarai S., Das J.K., Bibi S., Bilano V., Bin Sayeed M., Cherbuin N., D'Amico E., Grosso G., Borzi A.M., Biondi A., Vacante M., Valli A., Birihane B.M., Bisanzio D., Hassan S., Bjorge T., Overland S., Bockarie M.J., Mensah G.A., Sliwa K., Gholamian A., Bohlouli S., Esmaeilnejad S., Bohluli M., Bolla S.R., Borges G., Bose D., Bourne R., Brayne C., Breitborde N.J.K., Fisher J.L., Breitner S., Brenner H., Breusov A.V., Rakovac I., Briko N.I., Lopukhov P.D., Glushkova E.V., Korshunov V.A., Polibin R.V., Jakovljevic M., Briko A.N., Britton G.B., Castro F., Moreno Velasquez I., Burnett R.T., Burugina Nagaraja S., Busse R., Butt Z.A., Caetano dos Santos F., Cai T., Hall B.J., Cahuana-Hurtado L., Camera L.A., Valdez P.R., Tudor Car L., Cardenas R., Gorini G., Carreras G., Fernandes E., Freitas M., Pereira D.M., Santos J.V., Ribeiro D., Pinheiro M., Massano J., das Neves J., Dias da Silva D., Carvalho F., Costa V.M., Silva J.P., Morgado-da-Costa J., Castelpietra G., Catala-Lopez F., Pakhale S., Cerin E., Yip P., Ho H., Chang J., Chang A.R., Chang K., Cooper O.R., Chaturvedi S., Chimed-Ochir O., Chirinos-Caceres J.L., Choi J.J., Christensen H., Truelsen T.C., Chu D., Kivimaki M., Chung S., Ward J.L., Chung M.T., Cirillo M., Iavicoli I., Classen T.K.D., Lauriola P., Corso B., Hugo F.N., Kieling C., Cousin E., Duncan B.B., Goulart B.N.G., Schmidt M.I., Stein C., Cowden R.G., MacLachlan J.H., Leigh J., Cross M., Ferreira M.L., Smith E.U.R., Driscoll T.R., Huda T.M., Hoy D.G., Horita N., Cross D.H., Dai H., Hu G., Damasceno A.A.M., Damiani G., La Vecchia C., Sanabria J., Pandey A., Mathur M.R., Zodpey S., Dandona L., Dandona R., Kumar G., Lal D.K., Hamagharib Abdullah K., Hosseinzadeh M., Darwesh A.M., Faraj A., Omar Bali A., Das Gupta R., Dash A.P., Davey G., Deribe K., Gebremedhin K.B., Wondmieneh A.B., Dereje N.D., Davila-Cervantes C.A., Davletov K., Mereke A., Serdar B., Gebremeskel G.G., Haile T.G., Tadesse D.B., Weldesamuel G.T., Demoz G.T., Gebremeskel L.G., Woldu G., Handiso D., Dervenis N., Topouzis F., Desai R., Dharmaratne S.D., Dhungana G.P., Emamian M., Diaz D., Djalalinia S., Nguyen T.H., Vu G.T., Do H.T., Dokova K., Doku D.T., Neupane S., Takala J.S., Doxey M.C., Doyle K.E., Renzaho A.M.N., Ogbo F.A., Robinson S.R., Vukovic A., Ilic I.M., Santric-Milicevic M.M., Vujcic I.S., Dubljanin E., Vukovic R., Rasella D., Duraes A.R., Ebrahimi Kalan M., Effiong A., Pond C.D., Ehrlich J.R., Liu X., Wei M.Y.W., El Sayed I., El Tantawi M., El Sayed Zaki M., Elbarazi I., Tsai A.C., Elyazar I.R., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Eskandari K., Sharifi H., Halvaei I., Ghaffarifar F., Zaki L., Hasanpoor E., Esmaeilzadeh F., Etemadi A., Lan Q., Yeheyis T.Y., Etisso A.E., Ezekannagha O., e Farinha C.S., Farioli A., Violante F.S., Faris P.S., Mohammad D.K., Faro A., Lam J.O., Filip I., Fischer F., Flor L.S., Foigt N.A., Folayan M.O., Fomenkov A.A., Foroutan M., Francis J.M., Franklin R.C., Fukumoto T., Gamkrelidze A., Kereselidze M., Garcia-Basteiro A.L., Lazarus J.V., Straif K., Ghiasvand H., Ghith N., Norrving B., Mehta K.M., Mohamad O., Salama J.S., Ghosh R., Giampaoli S., Gilani S., Hameed S., Hanif A., Rana S.M., Uthman O.A., Gill P.S., Gillum R.F., Ginawi I.A., Ginindza T.G., Tlou B., Tanser F.C., Gnedovskaya E.V., Kravchenko M.A., Piradov M.A., Golechha M., Goli S., Milne G.J., Schlaich M.P., Hankey G.J., Gona P.N., Gopalani S.V., Goudarzi H., Rawassizadeh R., Grada A., Nsoesie E.O., Javaheri T., Rawaf S., Steel N., Gubari M.I.M., Gugnani H.C., Guimaraes A.L.S., Guimaraes R.A., Guled R.A., Senbeta A.M., Hashi A., Omer M.O., Yousuf A.Y., Gupta S.S., Gupta T., Gupta R., Haagsma J.A., Polinder S., Hachinski V., Stranges S., Hamidi S., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tyrovolas S., Hasaballah A.I., Hassanipour S., Joukar F., Mansour-Ghanaei F., Jaafari J., Havmoeller R.J., Hayat K., Heibati B., Heidari G., Henok A., Hird T.R., Moraga P., Sigfusdottir I.D., Phillips M.R., Hole M.K., Hollingsworth B., Hopf K.P., Hosgood H., Hossain N., Mai H.T., Nguyen C.T., Nguyen H.L.T., Pham H.Q., Nguyen D.N., Househ M., Hsairi M., Lin R., Hsieh V., Hwang B., Hu K., Humayun A., Hussain R., Ibeneme C.U., Ikeda N., Ilic M.D., Inbaraj L.R., Iqbal U., Islami F., Yamagishi K., Iso H., Iwu C.C.D., Jacobsen K.H., Jayatilleke A.U., Jeemon P., Jha R.P., Jia P., Osei F.B., Schutte A.E., Johansson L., Szocska M., Joo T., Jozwiak J.J., Jurisson M., Kabir Z., Roshandel G., Oladnabi M., Kalani H., Kassa G.M., Katikireddi S.V., Yamada T., Nomura S., Kawakami N., Kayode G.A., Kromhout H., Traini E., Kumar M., Keiyoro P.N., Muriithi M.K., Wamai R.G., Khader Y.S., Khalid N., Khan E.A., Khang Y., Khatab K., Khubchandani J., Yoon S., Shin M., Kim C., Kim Y., Kim D., Kimokoti R.W., Kinfu Y., Kisa S., Kisa A., Kissimova-Skarbek K., Topor-Madry R., Lallukka T., Meretoja T.J., Shivakumar K.M., Knudsen A.S., Sulo G., Kosen S., Kotlo A., Koul P.A., Krishan K., KS S., Kuate Defo B., Kucuk Bicer B., Yuce D., Rawat R., Meitei W.B., Kumar P., Singh P., Kumaresh G., Lami F.H., Landires I., Nunez-Samudio V., Landires, Lansingh V.C., Lansky S., Larsson A.O., Lasrado S., Lavados P.M., Leasher J.L., Lee S.W.H., Leonardi M., Raggi A., Sattin PsyD, S Schiavolin D., Li B., Lim L., Takahashi K., Linehan C., Linn S., Shuval K., Listl S., Zhou M., Liu S., Logroscino G., Looker K.J., Lorkowski S., Lunevicius R., Lyons R.A., Madotto F., Magdy Abd El Razek H., Magdy Abd El Razek M., Mahmoudi M., Maled V., Moradi G., Maleki A., Manafi A., Mapoma C., Martini S., Martins-Melo F.R., Masaka A., McAlinden C., Momen N.C., Plana-Ripoll O., Medina-Solis C.E., Meharie B., Mehndiratta M., Mehrotra R., Suliankatchi Abdulkader R., Mekonnen T., Memiah P.T.N., Wallin M.T., Memish Z.A., Mendoza W., Mestrovic T., Miazgowski T., Miazgowski B., Michalek I., Mini G., Miri M., Mirrakhimov E.M., Mirzaei H., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammadpourhodki R., Sahebkar A., Mohammed H., Sufiyan M.B., Mohseni Bandpei M.A., Monasta L., Ronfani L., Mondello S., Moradi-Joo M., Morawska L., Mousavi Khaneghah A., Westerman R., Werdecker A., Mueller U.O., Mukhopadhyay S., Musa K., Mustafa G., Nagarajan A.J., Nagel G., Rothenbacher D., Naik G., Schwebel D.C., Singh J.A., Naimzada M., Otstavnov N., Otstavnov S.S., Soshnikov S., Titova M.V., Nair S., Naldi L., Nangia V., Nansseu J., Sobngwi E., Nguefack-Tsague G., Ndejjo R., Ngari K.N., Ngunjiri J.W., Nigatu Y.T., Oancea B., Oh I., Okunga E.W., Olusanya J.O., Olusanya B.O., Ong S., Onwujekwe O.E., Ortega-Altamirano D.V., Ortiz A., Soriano J.B., Osarenotor O., Ostojic S.M., Vlassov V., Pa M., Pangaribuan H.U., Park E., Pasupula D., Patel J.R., Patel S.K., Paternina-Caicedo A.J., Pathak M., Pathak A., Patten S.B., Tonelli M., Weintraub R.G., Paudel S., Pepito V.F., Thurston G.D., Peprah E.K., Pereira J., Pescarini J.M., Piccinelli C., Pilgrim T., Plass D., Pokhrel K.N., Prada S.I., Prakash V., Prakash S., Prasad N., Shigematsu M., Pribadi D.R.A., Sudaryanto A., Rabiee M., Radfar A., Ranabhat C.L., Ranta A., Ribeiro D.C., Rao S., Rawaf D.L., Rawal L., Renjith V., Rickard J., Roever L., Romoli M., Rostamian M., Rubagotti E., Rwegerera G.M., Ullah S., Sajadi S., Salam N., Salomon J.A., Salz I., Saraswathy S.Y., Sarmiento-Suarez R., Sathian B., Savic M., Saylan M., Schwendicke F., Sekerija M., Senthilkumaran S., Sha F., Shaheen A.A., Shaikh M.A., Shamsizadeh M., Shannawaz M., Sharma R., Shin J., Shiri R., Sierpinski R., Sigurvinsdottir R., Silva D.A.S., Simonetti B., Singh A., Sinha D.N., Skiadaresi E., Skou S.T., Skryabin V.Y., Zastrozhin M.S., Soheili A., Sokhan A., Somefun O.D., and Korotkova A.V.

Abstract

The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a rules-based synthesis of the available evidence on levels and trends in health outcomes, a diverse set of risk factors, and health system responses. GBD 2019 covered 204 countries and territories, as well as first administrative level disaggregations for 22 countries, from 1990 to 2019. Because GBD is highly standardised and comprehensive, spanning both fatal and non-fatal outcomes, and uses a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of hierarchical disease and injury causes, the study provides a powerful basis for detailed and broad insights on global health trends and emerging challenges. GBD 2019 incorporates data from 281 586 sources and provides more than 3.5 billion estimates of health outcome and health system measures of interest for global, national, and subnational policy dialogue. All GBD estimates are publicly available and adhere to the Guidelines on Accurate and Transparent Health Estimate Reporting. From this vast amount of information, five key insights that are important for health, social, and economic development strategies have been distilled. These insights are subject to the many limitations outlined in each of the component GBD capstone papers.Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd

Published
2020

18. Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950-2019: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

Author

Hird T.R., Shannawaz M., Sharma R., Shin J., Shiri R., Sierpinski R., Sigurvinsdottir R., Silva D.A.S., Simonetti B., Singh A., Sinha D.N., Skiadaresi E., Skou S.T., Skryabin V.Y., Zastrozhin M.S., Soheili A., Sokhan A., Somefun O.D., Korotkova A.V., Soyiri I.N., Sreeramareddy C.T., Srinivasan V., Sripada K., Stovner L.J., Stockfelt L., Sultan I., Swope C.B., Vaicekonyte R., Sykes B.L., Szumowski L., Tabb K.M., Tabuchi T., Taddele B.W., Tahir Z., Tareque M.I., Tarigan I.U., Taveira N., Thankappan K.R., Thomas N., Varughese S., Touvier M., Tran B.X., Tsatsakis A., Vardavas C., Ullah I., Umeokonkwo C.D., Undurraga E.A., Upadhyay E., Vasankari T.J., Vasconcelos A.N., Veisani Y., Vidale S., Waheed Y., Wei J., Wang F., Zhao X.G., Wang Y., Yu C., Zhang Z., Wang H., Weiss J., Wiangkham T., Wickramasinghe N.D., Wu A., Xie Y., Xu G., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S., Yilgwan C.S., Yonemoto N., Younis M.Z., Younker T.P., Yu Y., Zaidi S., Zhang J., Zhang Y., Zheleva B., Zhu C., Abbafati C., Machado D.B., Cislaghi B., Salman O.M., Karanikolos M., McKee M., Abbas K.M., Brady O.J., Larson H.J., Trias-Llimos S., Cummins S., Langan S.M., Sartorius B., Hafiz A., Jenabi E., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji N., Borzouei S., Azarian G., Khazaei S., Abbasi M., Asghari B., Masoumi S., Komaki H., Taherkhani A., Adabi M., Abbasifard M., Bazmandegan G., Kamiab Z., Vakilian A., Anjomshoa M., Mokari A., Sabour S., Shahbaz M., Saeedi R., Ahmadieh H., Yousefinezhadi T., Haj-Mirzaian A., Nikbakhsh R., Safi S., Asgari S., Irvani S.N., Jahanmehr N., Ramezanzadeh K., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Khayamzadeh M., Abbastabar H., Shirkoohi R., Fazlzadeh M., Janjani H., Hosseini M., Mansournia M., Tohidinik H., Bakhtiari A., Fazaeli A., Mousavi S., Hasanzadeh A., Nabavizadeh B., Malekzadeh R., Hashemian M., Pourshams A., Salimzadeh H., Sepanlou S.G., Afarideh M., Esteghamati A., Esteghamati S., Ghajar A., Heidari B., Rezaei N., Mohamadi E., Rahimi-Movaghar A., Rahim F., Eskandarieh S., Sahraian M., Mohebi F., Aminorroaya A., Ebrahimi H., Farzadfar F., Mohajer B., Pishgar F., Saeedi Moghaddam S., Shabani M., Zarafshan H., Abolhassani H., Hafezi-Nejad N., Heidari-Soureshjani R., Abdollahi M., Farahmand M., Salamati P., Mehrabi Nasab E., Tajdini M., Aghamir S., Mirzaei R., Dibaji Forooshani Z., Khater M.M., Abd-Allah F., Abdelalim A., Abualhasan A., El-Jaafary S.I., Hassan A., Elsharkawy A., Khater A.M., Elhabashy H.R., Salem M.R.R., Salem H., Sadeghi M., Jafarinia M., Amini-Rarani M., Mohammadifard N., Sarrafzadegan N., Abdollahpour I., Sarveazad A., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Yoosefi Lebni J., Manafi N., Pazoki Toroudi H., Dorostkar F., Alipour V., Sheikhtaheri A., Arabloo J., Azari S., Ghashghaee A., Rezapour A., Naserbakht M., Kabir A., Mehri F., Yousefifard M., Asadi-Aliabadi M., Babaee E., Eshrati B., Goharinezhad S., Moradi M., Abedi P., Rashedi V., Kumar V., Elgendy I.Y., Basu S., Park J., Pereira A., Norheim O.F., Eagan A.W., Cahill L.E., Sheikh A., Abushouk A.I., Thakur B., Barnighausen T.W., Shrime M.G., Abedi A., Doshi C.P., Abegaz K.H., Geberemariyam B.S., Aynalem Y.A., Shiferaw W.S., Abosetugn A.E., Aboyans V., Abrams E.M., Gitimoghaddam M., Kissoon N., Stubbs J.L., Brauer M., Iyamu I.O., Kopec J.A., Pourmalek F., Ribeiro A.P., Malta D.C., Gomez R.S., Abreu L.G., Abrigo M.R.M., Almulhim A.M., Dahlawi S.M.A., Pottoo F.H., Menezes R.G., Alanzi T.M., Alumran A.K., Abu Haimed A.K., Madadin M., Alanezi F.M., Abu-Gharbieh E., Saddik B., Abu-Raddad L.J., Samy A.M., El Nahas N., Shalash A.S., Nabhan A.F., Kamath A.M., Kassebaum N.J., Aravkin A.Y., Kochhar S., Sorensen R.J.D., Afshin A., Burkart K., Cromwell E.A., Gakidou E., Hay S.I., Kyu H.H., Lopez A.D., Lozano R., Misganaw A.T., Mokdad A.H., Naghavi M., Pigott D.M., Reiner Jr R.C., Roth G.A., Stanaway J.D., Vollset S., Vos T., Lim S.S., Murray C.J.L., Kalani R., Ikuta K.S., Cho D.Y., Kneib C.J., Crowe C.S., Massenburg B.B., Morrison S.D., Acebedo A., Adelson J.D., Agesa K.M., Alam T., Albertson S.B., Anderson J.A., Antony C.M., Ashbaugh C., Assmus M., Azhar G., Balassyano S., Bannick M.S., Barthelemy C.M., Bender R.G., Bennitt F.B., Bertolacci G.J., Biehl M.H., Bisignano C., Boon-Dooley A.S., Briant P.S., Bryazka D., Bumgarner B.R., Callender C.S., Cao J., Castle C.D., Castro E., Causey K., Cercy K.M., Chalek J., Cohen A.J., Comfort H., Compton K., Croneberger A.J., Cruz J.A., Cunningham M., Dangel W.J., Dean F.E., DeCleene N.K., Deen A., Degenhardt L., Dingels Z.V., Dippenaar I.N., Dirac M.A., Dolgert A.J., Emmons-Bell S., Estep K., Farag T., Feigin V.L., Feldman R., Ferrara G., Ferrari A.J., Fitzgerald R., Force L.M., Fox J.T., Frank T.D., Fu W., Fukutaki K., Fuller J.E., Fullman N., Galles N.C., Gardner W.M., Gershberg Hayoon A., Goren E., Gorman T.M., Gottlich H.C., Guo G., Haddock B., Hagins H., Haile L.M., Hamilton E.B., Han C., Han H., Harvey J.D., Henny K., Henrikson H.J., Henry N.J., Herbert M.E., Hsiao T., Huynh C.K., Iannucci V.C., Ippolito H., Irvine C.M.S., Jafari H., Jahagirdar D., James S.L., Johnson C.O., Johnson S.C., Keller C., Kemmer L., Kendrick P.J., Knight M., Kocarnik J.M., Krohn K.J., Larson S.L., Lau K.M., Ledesma J.R., Leever A.T., LeGrand K.E., Lescinsky H., Lin C., Liu H., Liu Z., Lo J., Lu A., Ma J., Maddison E.R., Manguerra H., Marks A., Martopullo I., Mastrogiacomo C.I., May E.A., Mooney M.D., Mosser J.F., Mullany E.C., Mumford J., Munro S.B., Nandakumar V., Nguyen J., Nguyen M., Nichols E., Nixon M.R., Odell C.M., Ong K.L., Orji A.U., Ostroff S.M., Pasovic M., Paulson K.R., Pease S.A., Pennini A., Pierce M., Pilz T.M., Pletcher M., Rao P.C., Razo C., Redford S.B., Reinig N., Reitsma M.B., Rhinehart P., Robalik T., Roberts N.L.S., Rolfe S., Sbarra A.N., Schaeffer L.E., Shackelford K.A., Shadid J., Sharara F., Shaw D.H., Sheena B.S., Simpson K.E., Smith A., Spencer C.N., Spurlock E.E., Stark B.A., Steiner C., Steuben K.M., Sylte D.O., Tang M., Taylor H.J., Terrason S., Thomson A.M., Torre A.E., Travillian R., Troeger C.E., Vongpradith A., Walters M.K., Wang J., Watson A., Watson S., Whisnant J.L., Whiteford H.A., Wiens K.E., Wilner L.B., Wilson S., Wool E.E., Wozniak S.S., Wu J., Wulf Hanson S., Wunrow H., Xu R., Yadgir S., Yearwood J.A., York H.W., Yuan C., Zhao J.T., Zheng P., Zimsen S.R.M., Zlavog B.S., Chang A.Y., Oren E., Buchbinder R., Chin K.L., Guo Y., Polkinghorne K.R., Thrift A.G., Ackerman I.N., Cicuttini F.M., Li S., Zaman S., Suleria H., Cowie B.C., Wijeratne T., Patton G.C., Sawyer S.M., Adair T., Meretoja A., Adetokunboh O.O., Adamu A.A., Iwu C.J., Parry C.D.H., Seedat S., Ndwandwe D.E., Mahasha P.W., Stein D.J., Nnaji C.A., Sambala E.Z., Wiysonge C.S., Adebayo O.M., Ilesanmi O.S., Owolabi M.O., Adeoye A.M., Adedeji I.A., Adekanmbi V., Ibitoye S.E., John-Akinola Y.O., Oluwasanu M.M., Oghenetega O.B., Akinyemi R.O., Zandian H., Adham D., Zahirian Moghadam T., Advani S.M., Teagle W.L., Braithwaite D., Agasthi P., Saadatagah S., Afshari M., Agardh E.E., Allebeck P., Danielsson A., Deuba K., Carrero J.J., Fereshtehnejad S., Arnlov J., Nowak C., Cederroth C.R., Ahmadi A., Mills E.J., Kurmi O.P., Olagunju A.T., Agarwal G., Sathish T., Aghaali M., Mohammadbeigi A., Agrawal A., Ahmad T., Ahmadi K., Maleki S., Naderi M., Salahshoor M.R., Pourmirza Kalhori R., Almasi A., Salimi Y., Siabani S., Ziapour A., Barzegar A., Khazaie H., Kianipour N., Amiri F., Salehi Zahabi S., Mirzaei M., Shamsi M., Najafi F., Jalali A., Ghadiri K., Heydarpour F., Fattahi N., Karami Matin B., Kazemi Karyani A., Pirsaheb M., Rajati F., Sadeghi E., Safari Y., Sharafi K., Soltani S., Vasseghian Y., Atafar Z., Jalilian F., Mirzaei-Alavijeh M., Saeidi S., Soofi M., Zangeneh A., Mansouri B., Ahmadi M., Khafaie M.A., Safiri S., Moghadaszadeh M., Asghari Jafarabadi M., Doshmangir L., Jadidi-Niaragh F., Ghafourifard M., Spotin A., Khodayari M., Samadi Kafil H., Kalankesh L.R., Ahmadpour E., Yousefi B., Ansari F., Hassankhani H., Karimi S., Haririan H., Mereta S., Ahmed M.B., Feyissa G.T., Ciobanu L.G., Aji B., Aynalem G.L., Gebresillassie B., Tefera Y.G., Akalu T.Y., Baraki A.G., Tesema G.A., Tessema Z.T., Tamiru A.T., Azene Z.N., Netsere H.B., Yano Y., Akinyemiju T., Wu C., Zadey S., Samad Z., Ji J.S., Doshi P.P., John O., Jha V., Maulik P.K., Pesudovs K., Resnikoff S., Mitchell P.B., Sachdev P.S., Akombi B., Godinho M.A., Ivers R.Q., Peden A.E., Biswas R., Boufous S., Akunna C.J., Alahdab F., Hammer M.S., van Donkelaar A., Al-Aly Z., Dellavalle R.P., Alam S., Martin R.V., Alam N., De Leo D., Tadakamadla S.K., Alam K., Alcalde-Rabanal J.E., Avila-Burgos L., Servan-Mori E., Denova-Gutierrez E., Rodriguez-Ramirez S., Morales L., Poznanska A., Wojtyniak B., Rivera J.A., Campos-Nonato I.R., Campuzano Rincon J., Sanchez-Pimienta T.G., Mengesha M.B., Welay F.T., Alema N.M., Demsie D.G., Teame H., Teklehaimanot B.F., Alemu B.W., Gultie T., Bante A.B., Yeshitila Y.G., Geramo Y.C.D., Glagn M., Sorrie M.B., W/hawariat F.G., Amare A., Kasa A., Alemu Y., Mihretie K.M., Atnafu D.D., Demeke F.M., Melese A., Bante S.A., Dessie G.A., Mengesha E.W., Nigatu D., Almadi M.A.H., Alhabib K.F., Mohammad Y., Altirkawi K.A., Temsah M., Kugbey N., Ayanore M.A., Alhassan R.K., Ali M., Ali S., Alicandro G., Kalhor R., Alijanzadeh M., Alinia C., Yusefzadeh H., Didarloo A., Alizade H., Nikpoor A., Aljunid S.M., Alla F., Leal L.F., Almasi-Hashiani A., Moradzadeh R., Zamanian M., Nazari J., Amini S., Ghamari F., Almasri N.A., Khan M., Al-Mekhlafi H.M., Bedi N., Alonso J., Ciber E.S.P., Al-Raddadi R.M., Zakzuk J., Alvis-Guzman N., Alvis-Zakzuk N.J., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Malagon-Rojas J.N., Gezae K., Gesesew H.A., Muthupandian S., Berhe K., Amare B., Ayza M.A., Gebreslassie A.A.A., Bitew H., Zewdie K.A., Tela F.G.G., Gill T.K., Noubiap J., Lassi Z.S., Bhandari D., Amit A.L., Antonio C.T., Faraon E.A., Lopez J.F., Atre S.R., Ballew S.H., Matsushita K., Khoja A.T., Daneshpajouhnejad P., Ghadimi M., Shafaat O., Fanzo J., Amugsi D.A., Amul G.H., Koh D.S.Q., Venketasubramanian N., Anbesu E.W., Mohammed J.A., Wondmeneh T.G., Andrei C., Negoi R.I., Davitoiu D.V., Manda A., Negoi I., Preotescu L., Hostiuc M., Hostiuc S., Ancuceanu R., Hasan M., Leung J., Anderlini D., Mamun A.A., Maravilla J.C., McGrath J.J., Charlson F.J., Lalloo R., Uddin R., Erskine H.E., Knibbs L.D., Mantilla Herrera A.M., Santomauro D.F., Mirica A., Ausloos M., Herteliu C., Otoiu A., Pana A., Andrei T., Stefan S., Androudi S., Angus C., Ansari I., Pourjafar H., Shams-Beyranvand M., Ansari-Moghaddam A., Khammarnia M., Antonazzo I., Ferrara P., Conti S., Cortesi P.A., Fornari C., Lee P.H., Antriyandarti E., Yousefi Z., Rafiei A., Javidnia J., Faridnia R., Anvari D., Moosazadeh M., Rezai M., Daryani A., Fareed M., Anwer R., Appiah S., Paudel D., Dichgans M., Riahi S., Rajabpour-Sanati A., Arab-Zozani M., Arba A.A.K., Aremu O., Ariani F., Aripov T., Armoon B., Mahdavi M.M., Arowosegbe O.O., Tediosi F., Aryal K.K., Mosapour A., Yaminfirooz M., Arzani A., Bijani A., Jahani M.A., Mouodi S., Zamani M., Asaad M., Dianatinasab M., Bahrami M., Pakshir K., Asadi-Pooya A.A., Bayati M., Shahabi S., Athari S., Atout M.M.W., Atteraya M.S., Brugha T., Ausloos F., Avokpaho E.F.G., Room R., Islam M., Edvardsson D., Rahman M., Ayala Quintanilla B., Gething P.W., Briggs A.M., Ayano G., Hendrie D., Miller T.R., Azzopardi P.S., Hoogar P., B D.B., Kulkarni V., Kumar N., Mithra P., Shetty R.S., Thapar R., Padubidri J., Bakkannavar S.M., Nayak V.C., Rastogi P., Shetty B.K., Bhageerathy R., Gudi N., Boloor A., Holla R., Rathi P., Unnikrishnan B., Janodia M.D., Lang J.J., Badawi A., Orpana H.M., Bhutta Z.A., Shield K.D., Chattu V., Badiye A.D., Kapoor N., Bagherzadeh M., Rabiee N., Bagli E., Baig A.A., Bairwa M., Lodha R., Sagar R., Rath G.K., Bhardwaj P., Charan J., Kanchan T., Joshi A., Pakhare A.P., Bakhshaei M., Naghshtabrizi B., Balachandran A., Hoek H.W., Postma M.J., Geremew A., Gebrehiwot A.M., Balakrishnan S., Desalew A., Bojia H.A., Mohammed A.S., Regassa L.D., Parmar P.G.K., Balalla S., Roberts S., Baldasseroni A., Stokes M.A., Ball K., Islam S., Maddison R., Balzi D., Levi M., Banach M., Banerjee S.K., Banik P.C., Barua L., Faruque M., Barboza M.A., Barker-Collo S.L., Jonas J.B., Panda-Jonas S., De Neve J., Kohler S., Moazen B., Mohammed S., Barrero L.H., Basaleem H., Bassat Q., Haro J.M., Koyanagi A., Car J., Greaves F., Majeed A., Davis A.C., Steiner T.J., Kusuma D., Palladino R., Saxena S., Baune B.T., Karch A., Baye B.A., Darega Gela J., Kolola T., Becker J.S., DeLang M., West J., Gad M.M., Serre M.L., Gallus S., Lugo A., Beghi E., Pupillo E., Bosetti C., Giussani G., Bikbov B., Perico N., Remuzzi G., Imani-Nasab M., Nouraei Motlagh S., Sharafi Z., Behzadifar M., Bejot Y., Bekuma T.T., Yilma M.T., Bell M.L., Bello A.K., Rafiee A., Keddie S.H., Lucas T.C.D., Dolecek C., Dunachie S.J., Kraemer M.U.G., Rumisha S.F., Weiss D.J., Lewington S., Collins E.L., Nandi A.K., Zhao Y., Bennett D.A., Karim M.A., Lacey B., Khundkar R., Yaya S., Goulart A.C., Santos I.S., Bensenor I.M., Lotufo P.A., Tovani-Palone M.R., Castaldelli-Maia J., Furtado J.M., Benziger C.P., Berman A.E., Mazidi M., Bernabe E., Dargan P.I., Molokhia M., Shibuya K., Douiri A., Wolfe C.D.A., Hay R.J., Flohr C., Suchdev P.S., Ram P., Bernstein R.S., Liu Y., Bhagavathula A.S., Khan G., Grivna M., Bhala N., Chandan J.S., Gaidhane A.M., Quazi Syed Z., Saxena D., Khatib M., Bhat A.G., Bhattacharyya K., Bhattarai S., Das J.K., Bibi S., Bilano V., Bin Sayeed M., Cherbuin N., D'Amico E., Grosso G., Borzi A.M., Biondi A., Vacante M., Valli A., Birihane B.M., Bisanzio D., Hassan S., Bjorge T., Overland S., Bockarie M.J., Mensah G.A., Sliwa K., Gholamian A., Bohlouli S., Esmaeilnejad S., Bohluli M., Bolla S.R., Borges G., Bose D., Bourne R., Brayne C., Breitborde N.J.K., Fisher J.L., Breitner S., Brenner H., Breusov A.V., Rakovac I., Briko N.I., Lopukhov P.D., Glushkova E.V., Korshunov V.A., Polibin R.V., Jakovljevic M., Briko A.N., Britton G.B., Castro F., Moreno Velasquez I., Burnett R.T., Burugina Nagaraja S., Busse R., Butt Z.A., Caetano dos Santos F., Cai T., Hall B.J., Cahuana-Hurtado L., Camera L.A., Valdez P.R., Tudor Car L., Cardenas R., Gorini G., Carreras G., Fernandes E., Freitas M., Pereira D.M., Santos J.V., Ribeiro D., Pinheiro M., Massano J., das Neves J., Dias da Silva D., Carvalho F., Costa V.M., Silva J.P., Morgado-da-Costa J., Castelpietra G., Catala-Lopez F., Pakhale S., Cerin E., Yip P., Ho H., Chang J., Chang A.R., Chang K., Cooper O.R., Chaturvedi S., Chimed-Ochir O., Chirinos-Caceres J.L., Choi J.J., Christensen H., Truelsen T.C., Chu D., Kivimaki M., Chung S., Ward J.L., Chung M.T., Cirillo M., Virclo R., Classen T.K.D., Lauriola P., Corso B., Hugo F.N., Kieling C., Cousin E., Duncan B.B., Goulart B.N.G., Schmidt M.I., Stein C., Cowden R.G., MacLachlan J.H., Leigh J., Cross M., Ferreira M.L., Smith E.U.R., Driscoll T.R., Huda T.M., Hoy D.G., Horita N., Cross D.H., Dai H., Hu G., Damasceno A.A.M., Damiani G., La Vecchia C., Sanabria J., Pandey A., Mathur M.R., Zodpey S., Dandona L., Dandona R., Kumar G., Lal D.K., Hamagharib Abdullah K., Hosseinzadeh M., Darwesh A.M., Faraj A., Omar Bali A., Das Gupta R., Dash A.P., Davey G., Deribe K., Gebremedhin K.B., Wondmieneh A.B., Dereje N.D., Davila-Cervantes C.A., Davletov K., Mereke A., Serdar B., Gebremeskel G.G., Haile T.G., Tadesse D.B., Weldesamuel G.T., Demoz G.T., Gebremeskel L.G., Woldu G., Handiso D., Dervenis N., Topouzis F., Desai R., Dharmaratne S.D., Dhungana G.P., Emamian M., Diaz D., Djalalinia S., Nguyen T.H., Vu G.T., Do H.T., Dokova K., Doku D.T., Neupane S., Takala J.S., Doxey M.C., Doyle K.E., Renzaho A.M.N., Ogbo F.A., Robinson S.R., Vukovic A., Ilic I.M., Santric-Milicevic M.M., Vujcic I.S., Dubljanin E., Vukovic R., Rasella D., Duraes A.R., Ebrahimi Kalan M., Effiong A., Pond C.D., Ehrlich J.R., Liu X., Wei M.Y.W., El Sayed I., El Tantawi M., El Sayed Zaki M., Elbarazi I., Tsai A.C., Elyazar I.R., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Eskandari K., Sharifi H., Halvaei I., Ghaffarifar F., Zaki L., Hasanpoor E., Esmaeilzadeh F., Etemadi A., Lan Q., Yeheyis T.Y., Etisso A.E., Ezekannagha O., e Farinha C.S., Farioli A., Violante F.S., Faris P.S., Mohammad D.K., Faro A., Lam J.O., Filip I., Fischer F., Flor L.S., Foigt N.A., Folayan M.O., Fomenkov A.A., Foroutan M., Francis J.M., Franklin R.C., Fukumoto T., Gamkrelidze A., Kereselidze M., Garcia-Basteiro A.L., Lazarus J.V., Straif K., Ghiasvand H., Ghith N., Norrving B., Mehta K.M., Mohamad O., Salama J.S., Ghosh R., Giampaoli S., Gilani S., Hameed S., Hanif A., Rana S.M., Uthman O.A., Gill P.S., Gillum R.F., Ginawi I.A., Ginindza T.G., Tlou B., Tanser F.C., Gnedovskaya E.V., Kravchenko M.A., Piradov M.A., Golechha M., Goli S., Milne G.J., Schlaich M.P., Hankey G.J., Gona P.N., Gopalani S.V., Goudarzi H., Rawassizadeh R., Grada A., Nsoesie E.O., Javaheri T., Rawaf S., Steel N., Gubari M.I.M., Gugnani H.C., Guimaraes A.L.S., Guimaraes R.A., Guled R.A., Senbeta A.M., Hashi A., Omer M.O., Yousuf A.Y., Gupta S.S., Gupta T., Gupta R., Haagsma J.A., Polinder S., Hachinski V., Stranges S., Hamadeh R.R., Hamidi S., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tyrovolas S., Hasaballah A.I., Hassanipour S., Joukar F., Mansour-Ghanaei F., Jaafari J., Havmoeller R.J., Hayat K., Heibati B., Heidari G., Henok A., Moraga P., Sigfusdottir I.D., Phillips M.R., Hole M.K., Hollingsworth B., Hopf K.P., Hosgood H., Hossain N., Mai H.T., Nguyen C.T., Nguyen H.L.T., Pham H.Q., Nguyen D.N., Househ M., Hsairi M., Lin R., Hsieh V., Hwang B., Hu K., Humayun A., Hussain R., Ibeneme C.U., Ikeda N., Ilic M.D., Inbaraj L.R., Iqbal U., Islami F., Yamagishi K., Iso H., Iwu C.C.D., Jacobsen K.H., Jayatilleke A.U., Jeemon P., Jha R.P., Jia P., Osei F.B., Schutte A.E., Johansson L., Szocska M., Joo T., Jozwiak J.J., Jurisson M., Kabir Z., Roshandel G., Oladnabi M., Kalani H., Kassa G.M., Katikireddi S.V., Yamada T., Nomura S., Kawakami N., Kayode G.A., Kromhout H., Traini E., Kumar M., Keiyoro P.N., Muriithi M.K., Wamai R.G., Khader Y.S., Khalid N., Khan E.A., Khang Y., Khatab K., Khubchandani J., Yoon S., Shin M., Kim C., Kim Y., Kim D., Kimokoti R.W., Kinfu Y., Kisa S., Kisa A., Kissimova-Skarbek K., Topor-Madry R., Lallukka T., Meretoja T.J., Shivakumar K.M., Knudsen A.S., Sulo G., Kosen S., Kotlo A., Koul P.A., Krishan K., KS S., Kuate Defo B., Kucuk Bicer B., Yuce D., Rawat R., Meitei W.B., Kumar P., Singh P., Kumaresh G., Lami F.H., Landires I., Nunez-Samudio V., Landires, Lansingh V.C., Lansky S., Larsson A.O., Lasrado S., Lavados P.M., Leasher J.L., Lee S.W.H., Leonardi M., Raggi A., Sattin PsyD, S Schiavolin D., Li B., Lim L., Takahashi K., Linehan C., Linn S., Shuval K., Listl S., Zhou M., Liu S., Logroscino G., Looker K.J., Lorkowski S., Lunevicius R., Lyons R.A., Madotto F., Magdy Abd El Razek H., Magdy Abd El Razek M., Mahmoudi M., Maled V., Moradi G., Maleki A., Manafi A., Mapoma C., Martini S., Martins-Melo F.R., Masaka A., McAlinden C., Momen N.C., Plana-Ripoll O., Medina-Solis C.E., Meharie B., Mehndiratta M., Mehrotra R., Suliankatchi Abdulkader R., Mekonnen T., Memiah P.T.N., Wallin M.T., Memish Z.A., Mendoza W., Mestrovic T., Miazgowski T., Miazgowski B., Michalek I., Mini G., Miri M., Mirrakhimov E.M., Mirzaei H., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammadpourhodki R., Sahebkar A., Mohammed H., Sufiyan M.B., Mohseni Bandpei M.A., Monasta L., Ronfani L., Mondello S., Moradi-Joo M., Morawska L., Mousavi Khaneghah A., Westerman R., Werdecker A., Mueller U.O., Mukhopadhyay S., Musa K., Mustafa G., Nagarajan A.J., Nagel G., Rothenbacher D., Naik G., Schwebel D.C., Singh J.A., Naimzada M., Otstavnov N., Otstavnov S.S., Soshnikov S., Titova M.V., Nair S., Naldi L., Nangia V., Nansseu J., Sobngwi E., Nguefack-Tsague G., Ndejjo R., Ngari K.N., Ngunjiri J.W., Nigatu Y.T., Oancea B., Oh I., Okunga E.W., Olusanya J.O., Olusanya B.O., Ong S., Onwujekwe O.E., Ortega-Altamirano D.V., Ortiz A., Soriano J.B., Osarenotor O., Ostojic S.M., Vlassov V., Pa M., Pangaribuan H.U., Park E., Pasupula D., Patel J.R., Patel S.K., Paternina-Caicedo A.J., Pathak M., Pathak A., Patten S.B., Tonelli M., Weintraub R.G., Paudel S., Pepito V.F., Thurston G.D., Peprah E.K., Pereira J., Pescarini J.M., Piccinelli C., Pilgrim T., Plass D., Pokhrel K.N., Prada S.I., Prakash V., Prakash S., Prasad N., Shigematsu M., Pribadi D.R.A., Sudaryanto A., Rabiee M., Radfar A., Ranabhat C.L., Ranta A., Ribeiro D.C., Rao S., Rawaf D.L., Rawal L., Renjith V., Rickard J., Roever L., Romoli M., Rostamian M., Rubagotti E., Rwegerera G.M., Ullah S., Sajadi S., Salam N., Salomon J.A., Salz I., Saraswathy S.Y., Sarmiento-Suarez R., Sathian B., Savic M., Saylan M., Schwendicke F., Sekerija M., Senthilkumaran S., Sha F., Shaheen A.A., Shaikh M.A., Shamsizadeh M., Hird T.R., Shannawaz M., Sharma R., Shin J., Shiri R., Sierpinski R., Sigurvinsdottir R., Silva D.A.S., Simonetti B., Singh A., Sinha D.N., Skiadaresi E., Skou S.T., Skryabin V.Y., Zastrozhin M.S., Soheili A., Sokhan A., Somefun O.D., Korotkova A.V., Soyiri I.N., Sreeramareddy C.T., Srinivasan V., Sripada K., Stovner L.J., Stockfelt L., Sultan I., Swope C.B., Vaicekonyte R., Sykes B.L., Szumowski L., Tabb K.M., Tabuchi T., Taddele B.W., Tahir Z., Tareque M.I., Tarigan I.U., Taveira N., Thankappan K.R., Thomas N., Varughese S., Touvier M., Tran B.X., Tsatsakis A., Vardavas C., Ullah I., Umeokonkwo C.D., Undurraga E.A., Upadhyay E., Vasankari T.J., Vasconcelos A.N., Veisani Y., Vidale S., Waheed Y., Wei J., Wang F., Zhao X.G., Wang Y., Yu C., Zhang Z., Wang H., Weiss J., Wiangkham T., Wickramasinghe N.D., Wu A., Xie Y., Xu G., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S., Yilgwan C.S., Yonemoto N., Younis M.Z., Younker T.P., Yu Y., Zaidi S., Zhang J., Zhang Y., Zheleva B., Zhu C., Abbafati C., Machado D.B., Cislaghi B., Salman O.M., Karanikolos M., McKee M., Abbas K.M., Brady O.J., Larson H.J., Trias-Llimos S., Cummins S., Langan S.M., Sartorius B., Hafiz A., Jenabi E., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji N., Borzouei S., Azarian G., Khazaei S., Abbasi M., Asghari B., Masoumi S., Komaki H., Taherkhani A., Adabi M., Abbasifard M., Bazmandegan G., Kamiab Z., Vakilian A., Anjomshoa M., Mokari A., Sabour S., Shahbaz M., Saeedi R., Ahmadieh H., Yousefinezhadi T., Haj-Mirzaian A., Nikbakhsh R., Safi S., Asgari S., Irvani S.N., Jahanmehr N., Ramezanzadeh K., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Khayamzadeh M., Abbastabar H., Shirkoohi R., Fazlzadeh M., Janjani H., Hosseini M., Mansournia M., Tohidinik H., Bakhtiari A., Fazaeli A., Mousavi S., Hasanzadeh A., Nabavizadeh B., Malekzadeh R., Hashemian M., Pourshams A., Salimzadeh H., Sepanlou S.G., Afarideh M., Esteghamati A., Esteghamati S., Ghajar A., Heidari B., Rezaei N., Mohamadi E., Rahimi-Movaghar A., Rahim F., Eskandarieh S., Sahraian M., Mohebi F., Aminorroaya A., Ebrahimi H., Farzadfar F., Mohajer B., Pishgar F., Saeedi Moghaddam S., Shabani M., Zarafshan H., Abolhassani H., Hafezi-Nejad N., Heidari-Soureshjani R., Abdollahi M., Farahmand M., Salamati P., Mehrabi Nasab E., Tajdini M., Aghamir S., Mirzaei R., Dibaji Forooshani Z., Khater M.M., Abd-Allah F., Abdelalim A., Abualhasan A., El-Jaafary S.I., Hassan A., Elsharkawy A., Khater A.M., Elhabashy H.R., Salem M.R.R., Salem H., Sadeghi M., Jafarinia M., Amini-Rarani M., Mohammadifard N., Sarrafzadegan N., Abdollahpour I., Sarveazad A., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Yoosefi Lebni J., Manafi N., Pazoki Toroudi H., Dorostkar F., Alipour V., Sheikhtaheri A., Arabloo J., Azari S., Ghashghaee A., Rezapour A., Naserbakht M., Kabir A., Mehri F., Yousefifard M., Asadi-Aliabadi M., Babaee E., Eshrati B., Goharinezhad S., Moradi M., Abedi P., Rashedi V., Kumar V., Elgendy I.Y., Basu S., Park J., Pereira A., Norheim O.F., Eagan A.W., Cahill L.E., Sheikh A., Abushouk A.I., Thakur B., Barnighausen T.W., Shrime M.G., Abedi A., Doshi C.P., Abegaz K.H., Geberemariyam B.S., Aynalem Y.A., Shiferaw W.S., Abosetugn A.E., Aboyans V., Abrams E.M., Gitimoghaddam M., Kissoon N., Stubbs J.L., Brauer M., Iyamu I.O., Kopec J.A., Pourmalek F., Ribeiro A.P., Malta D.C., Gomez R.S., Abreu L.G., Abrigo M.R.M., Almulhim A.M., Dahlawi S.M.A., Pottoo F.H., Menezes R.G., Alanzi T.M., Alumran A.K., Abu Haimed A.K., Madadin M., Alanezi F.M., Abu-Gharbieh E., Saddik B., Abu-Raddad L.J., Samy A.M., El Nahas N., Shalash A.S., Nabhan A.F., Kamath A.M., Kassebaum N.J., Aravkin A.Y., Kochhar S., Sorensen R.J.D., Afshin A., Burkart K., Cromwell E.A., Gakidou E., Hay S.I., Kyu H.H., Lopez A.D., Lozano R., Misganaw A.T., Mokdad A.H., Naghavi M., Pigott D.M., Reiner Jr R.C., Roth G.A., Stanaway J.D., Vollset S., Vos T., Lim S.S., Murray C.J.L., Kalani R., Ikuta K.S., Cho D.Y., Kneib C.J., Crowe C.S., Massenburg B.B., Morrison S.D., Acebedo A., Adelson J.D., Agesa K.M., Alam T., Albertson S.B., Anderson J.A., Antony C.M., Ashbaugh C., Assmus M., Azhar G., Balassyano S., Bannick M.S., Barthelemy C.M., Bender R.G., Bennitt F.B., Bertolacci G.J., Biehl M.H., Bisignano C., Boon-Dooley A.S., Briant P.S., Bryazka D., Bumgarner B.R., Callender C.S., Cao J., Castle C.D., Castro E., Causey K., Cercy K.M., Chalek J., Cohen A.J., Comfort H., Compton K., Croneberger A.J., Cruz J.A., Cunningham M., Dangel W.J., Dean F.E., DeCleene N.K., Deen A., Degenhardt L., Dingels Z.V., Dippenaar I.N., Dirac M.A., Dolgert A.J., Emmons-Bell S., Estep K., Farag T., Feigin V.L., Feldman R., Ferrara G., Ferrari A.J., Fitzgerald R., Force L.M., Fox J.T., Frank T.D., Fu W., Fukutaki K., Fuller J.E., Fullman N., Galles N.C., Gardner W.M., Gershberg Hayoon A., Goren E., Gorman T.M., Gottlich H.C., Guo G., Haddock B., Hagins H., Haile L.M., Hamilton E.B., Han C., Han H., Harvey J.D., Henny K., Henrikson H.J., Henry N.J., Herbert M.E., Hsiao T., Huynh C.K., Iannucci V.C., Ippolito H., Irvine C.M.S., Jafari H., Jahagirdar D., James S.L., Johnson C.O., Johnson S.C., Keller C., Kemmer L., Kendrick P.J., Knight M., Kocarnik J.M., Krohn K.J., Larson S.L., Lau K.M., Ledesma J.R., Leever A.T., LeGrand K.E., Lescinsky H., Lin C., Liu H., Liu Z., Lo J., Lu A., Ma J., Maddison E.R., Manguerra H., Marks A., Martopullo I., Mastrogiacomo C.I., May E.A., Mooney M.D., Mosser J.F., Mullany E.C., Mumford J., Munro S.B., Nandakumar V., Nguyen J., Nguyen M., Nichols E., Nixon M.R., Odell C.M., Ong K.L., Orji A.U., Ostroff S.M., Pasovic M., Paulson K.R., Pease S.A., Pennini A., Pierce M., Pilz T.M., Pletcher M., Rao P.C., Razo C., Redford S.B., Reinig N., Reitsma M.B., Rhinehart P., Robalik T., Roberts N.L.S., Rolfe S., Sbarra A.N., Schaeffer L.E., Shackelford K.A., Shadid J., Sharara F., Shaw D.H., Sheena B.S., Simpson K.E., Smith A., Spencer C.N., Spurlock E.E., Stark B.A., Steiner C., Steuben K.M., Sylte D.O., Tang M., Taylor H.J., Terrason S., Thomson A.M., Torre A.E., Travillian R., Troeger C.E., Vongpradith A., Walters M.K., Wang J., Watson A., Watson S., Whisnant J.L., Whiteford H.A., Wiens K.E., Wilner L.B., Wilson S., Wool E.E., Wozniak S.S., Wu J., Wulf Hanson S., Wunrow H., Xu R., Yadgir S., Yearwood J.A., York H.W., Yuan C., Zhao J.T., Zheng P., Zimsen S.R.M., Zlavog B.S., Chang A.Y., Oren E., Buchbinder R., Chin K.L., Guo Y., Polkinghorne K.R., Thrift A.G., Ackerman I.N., Cicuttini F.M., Li S., Zaman S., Suleria H., Cowie B.C., Wijeratne T., Patton G.C., Sawyer S.M., Adair T., Meretoja A., Adetokunboh O.O., Adamu A.A., Iwu C.J., Parry C.D.H., Seedat S., Ndwandwe D.E., Mahasha P.W., Stein D.J., Nnaji C.A., Sambala E.Z., Wiysonge C.S., Adebayo O.M., Ilesanmi O.S., Owolabi M.O., Adeoye A.M., Adedeji I.A., Adekanmbi V., Ibitoye S.E., John-Akinola Y.O., Oluwasanu M.M., Oghenetega O.B., Akinyemi R.O., Zandian H., Adham D., Zahirian Moghadam T., Advani S.M., Teagle W.L., Braithwaite D., Agasthi P., Saadatagah S., Afshari M., Agardh E.E., Allebeck P., Danielsson A., Deuba K., Carrero J.J., Fereshtehnejad S., Arnlov J., Nowak C., Cederroth C.R., Ahmadi A., Mills E.J., Kurmi O.P., Olagunju A.T., Agarwal G., Sathish T., Aghaali M., Mohammadbeigi A., Agrawal A., Ahmad T., Ahmadi K., Maleki S., Naderi M., Salahshoor M.R., Pourmirza Kalhori R., Almasi A., Salimi Y., Siabani S., Ziapour A., Barzegar A., Khazaie H., Kianipour N., Amiri F., Salehi Zahabi S., Mirzaei M., Shamsi M., Najafi F., Jalali A., Ghadiri K., Heydarpour F., Fattahi N., Karami Matin B., Kazemi Karyani A., Pirsaheb M., Rajati F., Sadeghi E., Safari Y., Sharafi K., Soltani S., Vasseghian Y., Atafar Z., Jalilian F., Mirzaei-Alavijeh M., Saeidi S., Soofi M., Zangeneh A., Mansouri B., Ahmadi M., Khafaie M.A., Safiri S., Moghadaszadeh M., Asghari Jafarabadi M., Doshmangir L., Jadidi-Niaragh F., Ghafourifard M., Spotin A., Khodayari M., Samadi Kafil H., Kalankesh L.R., Ahmadpour E., Yousefi B., Ansari F., Hassankhani H., Karimi S., Haririan H., Mereta S., Ahmed M.B., Feyissa G.T., Ciobanu L.G., Aji B., Aynalem G.L., Gebresillassie B., Tefera Y.G., Akalu T.Y., Baraki A.G., Tesema G.A., Tessema Z.T., Tamiru A.T., Azene Z.N., Netsere H.B., Yano Y., Akinyemiju T., Wu C., Zadey S., Samad Z., Ji J.S., Doshi P.P., John O., Jha V., Maulik P.K., Pesudovs K., Resnikoff S., Mitchell P.B., Sachdev P.S., Akombi B., Godinho M.A., Ivers R.Q., Peden A.E., Biswas R., Boufous S., Akunna C.J., Alahdab F., Hammer M.S., van Donkelaar A., Al-Aly Z., Dellavalle R.P., Alam S., Martin R.V., Alam N., De Leo D., Tadakamadla S.K., Alam K., Alcalde-Rabanal J.E., Avila-Burgos L., Servan-Mori E., Denova-Gutierrez E., Rodriguez-Ramirez S., Morales L., Poznanska A., Wojtyniak B., Rivera J.A., Campos-Nonato I.R., Campuzano Rincon J., Sanchez-Pimienta T.G., Mengesha M.B., Welay F.T., Alema N.M., Demsie D.G., Teame H., Teklehaimanot B.F., Alemu B.W., Gultie T., Bante A.B., Yeshitila Y.G., Geramo Y.C.D., Glagn M., Sorrie M.B., W/hawariat F.G., Amare A., Kasa A., Alemu Y., Mihretie K.M., Atnafu D.D., Demeke F.M., Melese A., Bante S.A., Dessie G.A., Mengesha E.W., Nigatu D., Almadi M.A.H., Alhabib K.F., Mohammad Y., Altirkawi K.A., Temsah M., Kugbey N., Ayanore M.A., Alhassan R.K., Ali M., Ali S., Alicandro G., Kalhor R., Alijanzadeh M., Alinia C., Yusefzadeh H., Didarloo A., Alizade H., Nikpoor A., Aljunid S.M., Alla F., Leal L.F., Almasi-Hashiani A., Moradzadeh R., Zamanian M., Nazari J., Amini S., Ghamari F., Almasri N.A., Khan M., Al-Mekhlafi H.M., Bedi N., Alonso J., Ciber E.S.P., Al-Raddadi R.M., Zakzuk J., Alvis-Guzman N., Alvis-Zakzuk N.J., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Malagon-Rojas J.N., Gezae K., Gesesew H.A., Muthupandian S., Berhe K., Amare B., Ayza M.A., Gebreslassie A.A.A., Bitew H., Zewdie K.A., Tela F.G.G., Gill T.K., Noubiap J., Lassi Z.S., Bhandari D., Amit A.L., Antonio C.T., Faraon E.A., Lopez J.F., Atre S.R., Ballew S.H., Matsushita K., Khoja A.T., Daneshpajouhnejad P., Ghadimi M., Shafaat O., Fanzo J., Amugsi D.A., Amul G.H., Koh D.S.Q., Venketasubramanian N., Anbesu E.W., Mohammed J.A., Wondmeneh T.G., Andrei C., Negoi R.I., Davitoiu D.V., Manda A., Negoi I., Preotescu L., Hostiuc M., Hostiuc S., Ancuceanu R., Hasan M., Leung J., Anderlini D., Mamun A.A., Maravilla J.C., McGrath J.J., Charlson F.J., Lalloo R., Uddin R., Erskine H.E., Knibbs L.D., Mantilla Herrera A.M., Santomauro D.F., Mirica A., Ausloos M., Herteliu C., Otoiu A., Pana A., Andrei T., Stefan S., Androudi S., Angus C., Ansari I., Pourjafar H., Shams-Beyranvand M., Ansari-Moghaddam A., Khammarnia M., Antonazzo I., Ferrara P., Conti S., Cortesi P.A., Fornari C., Lee P.H., Antriyandarti E., Yousefi Z., Rafiei A., Javidnia J., Faridnia R., Anvari D., Moosazadeh M., Rezai M., Daryani A., Fareed M., Anwer R., Appiah S., Paudel D., Dichgans M., Riahi S., Rajabpour-Sanati A., Arab-Zozani M., Arba A.A.K., Aremu O., Ariani F., Aripov T., Armoon B., Mahdavi M.M., Arowosegbe O.O., Tediosi F., Aryal K.K., Mosapour A., Yaminfirooz M., Arzani A., Bijani A., Jahani M.A., Mouodi S., Zamani M., Asaad M., Dianatinasab M., Bahrami M., Pakshir K., Asadi-Pooya A.A., Bayati M., Shahabi S., Athari S., Atout M.M.W., Atteraya M.S., Brugha T., Ausloos F., Avokpaho E.F.G., Room R., Islam M., Edvardsson D., Rahman M., Ayala Quintanilla B., Gething P.W., Briggs A.M., Ayano G., Hendrie D., Miller T.R., Azzopardi P.S., Hoogar P., B D.B., Kulkarni V., Kumar N., Mithra P., Shetty R.S., Thapar R., Padubidri J., Bakkannavar S.M., Nayak V.C., Rastogi P., Shetty B.K., Bhageerathy R., Gudi N., Boloor A., Holla R., Rathi P., Unnikrishnan B., Janodia M.D., Lang J.J., Badawi A., Orpana H.M., Bhutta Z.A., Shield K.D., Chattu V., Badiye A.D., Kapoor N., Bagherzadeh M., Rabiee N., Bagli E., Baig A.A., Bairwa M., Lodha R., Sagar R., Rath G.K., Bhardwaj P., Charan J., Kanchan T., Joshi A., Pakhare A.P., Bakhshaei M., Naghshtabrizi B., Balachandran A., Hoek H.W., Postma M.J., Geremew A., Gebrehiwot A.M., Balakrishnan S., Desalew A., Bojia H.A., Mohammed A.S., Regassa L.D., Parmar P.G.K., Balalla S., Roberts S., Baldasseroni A., Stokes M.A., Ball K., Islam S., Maddison R., Balzi D., Levi M., Banach M., Banerjee S.K., Banik P.C., Barua L., Faruque M., Barboza M.A., Barker-Collo S.L., Jonas J.B., Panda-Jonas S., De Neve J., Kohler S., Moazen B., Mohammed S., Barrero L.H., Basaleem H., Bassat Q., Haro J.M., Koyanagi A., Car J., Greaves F., Majeed A., Davis A.C., Steiner T.J., Kusuma D., Palladino R., Saxena S., Baune B.T., Karch A., Baye B.A., Darega Gela J., Kolola T., Becker J.S., DeLang M., West J., Gad M.M., Serre M.L., Gallus S., Lugo A., Beghi E., Pupillo E., Bosetti C., Giussani G., Bikbov B., Perico N., Remuzzi G., Imani-Nasab M., Nouraei Motlagh S., Sharafi Z., Behzadifar M., Bejot Y., Bekuma T.T., Yilma M.T., Bell M.L., Bello A.K., Rafiee A., Keddie S.H., Lucas T.C.D., Dolecek C., Dunachie S.J., Kraemer M.U.G., Rumisha S.F., Weiss D.J., Lewington S., Collins E.L., Nandi A.K., Zhao Y., Bennett D.A., Karim M.A., Lacey B., Khundkar R., Yaya S., Goulart A.C., Santos I.S., Bensenor I.M., Lotufo P.A., Tovani-Palone M.R., Castaldelli-Maia J., Furtado J.M., Benziger C.P., Berman A.E., Mazidi M., Bernabe E., Dargan P.I., Molokhia M., Shibuya K., Douiri A., Wolfe C.D.A., Hay R.J., Flohr C., Suchdev P.S., Ram P., Bernstein R.S., Liu Y., Bhagavathula A.S., Khan G., Grivna M., Bhala N., Chandan J.S., Gaidhane A.M., Quazi Syed Z., Saxena D., Khatib M., Bhat A.G., Bhattacharyya K., Bhattarai S., Das J.K., Bibi S., Bilano V., Bin Sayeed M., Cherbuin N., D'Amico E., Grosso G., Borzi A.M., Biondi A., Vacante M., Valli A., Birihane B.M., Bisanzio D., Hassan S., Bjorge T., Overland S., Bockarie M.J., Mensah G.A., Sliwa K., Gholamian A., Bohlouli S., Esmaeilnejad S., Bohluli M., Bolla S.R., Borges G., Bose D., Bourne R., Brayne C., Breitborde N.J.K., Fisher J.L., Breitner S., Brenner H., Breusov A.V., Rakovac I., Briko N.I., Lopukhov P.D., Glushkova E.V., Korshunov V.A., Polibin R.V., Jakovljevic M., Briko A.N., Britton G.B., Castro F., Moreno Velasquez I., Burnett R.T., Burugina Nagaraja S., Busse R., Butt Z.A., Caetano dos Santos F., Cai T., Hall B.J., Cahuana-Hurtado L., Camera L.A., Valdez P.R., Tudor Car L., Cardenas R., Gorini G., Carreras G., Fernandes E., Freitas M., Pereira D.M., Santos J.V., Ribeiro D., Pinheiro M., Massano J., das Neves J., Dias da Silva D., Carvalho F., Costa V.M., Silva J.P., Morgado-da-Costa J., Castelpietra G., Catala-Lopez F., Pakhale S., Cerin E., Yip P., Ho H., Chang J., Chang A.R., Chang K., Cooper O.R., Chaturvedi S., Chimed-Ochir O., Chirinos-Caceres J.L., Choi J.J., Christensen H., Truelsen T.C., Chu D., Kivimaki M., Chung S., Ward J.L., Chung M.T., Cirillo M., Virclo R., Classen T.K.D., Lauriola P., Corso B., Hugo F.N., Kieling C., Cousin E., Duncan B.B., Goulart B.N.G., Schmidt M.I., Stein C., Cowden R.G., MacLachlan J.H., Leigh J., Cross M., Ferreira M.L., Smith E.U.R., Driscoll T.R., Huda T.M., Hoy D.G., Horita N., Cross D.H., Dai H., Hu G., Damasceno A.A.M., Damiani G., La Vecchia C., Sanabria J., Pandey A., Mathur M.R., Zodpey S., Dandona L., Dandona R., Kumar G., Lal D.K., Hamagharib Abdullah K., Hosseinzadeh M., Darwesh A.M., Faraj A., Omar Bali A., Das Gupta R., Dash A.P., Davey G., Deribe K., Gebremedhin K.B., Wondmieneh A.B., Dereje N.D., Davila-Cervantes C.A., Davletov K., Mereke A., Serdar B., Gebremeskel G.G., Haile T.G., Tadesse D.B., Weldesamuel G.T., Demoz G.T., Gebremeskel L.G., Woldu G., Handiso D., Dervenis N., Topouzis F., Desai R., Dharmaratne S.D., Dhungana G.P., Emamian M., Diaz D., Djalalinia S., Nguyen T.H., Vu G.T., Do H.T., Dokova K., Doku D.T., Neupane S., Takala J.S., Doxey M.C., Doyle K.E., Renzaho A.M.N., Ogbo F.A., Robinson S.R., Vukovic A., Ilic I.M., Santric-Milicevic M.M., Vujcic I.S., Dubljanin E., Vukovic R., Rasella D., Duraes A.R., Ebrahimi Kalan M., Effiong A., Pond C.D., Ehrlich J.R., Liu X., Wei M.Y.W., El Sayed I., El Tantawi M., El Sayed Zaki M., Elbarazi I., Tsai A.C., Elyazar I.R., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Eskandari K., Sharifi H., Halvaei I., Ghaffarifar F., Zaki L., Hasanpoor E., Esmaeilzadeh F., Etemadi A., Lan Q., Yeheyis T.Y., Etisso A.E., Ezekannagha O., e Farinha C.S., Farioli A., Violante F.S., Faris P.S., Mohammad D.K., Faro A., Lam J.O., Filip I., Fischer F., Flor L.S., Foigt N.A., Folayan M.O., Fomenkov A.A., Foroutan M., Francis J.M., Franklin R.C., Fukumoto T., Gamkrelidze A., Kereselidze M., Garcia-Basteiro A.L., Lazarus J.V., Straif K., Ghiasvand H., Ghith N., Norrving B., Mehta K.M., Mohamad O., Salama J.S., Ghosh R., Giampaoli S., Gilani S., Hameed S., Hanif A., Rana S.M., Uthman O.A., Gill P.S., Gillum R.F., Ginawi I.A., Ginindza T.G., Tlou B., Tanser F.C., Gnedovskaya E.V., Kravchenko M.A., Piradov M.A., Golechha M., Goli S., Milne G.J., Schlaich M.P., Hankey G.J., Gona P.N., Gopalani S.V., Goudarzi H., Rawassizadeh R., Grada A., Nsoesie E.O., Javaheri T., Rawaf S., Steel N., Gubari M.I.M., Gugnani H.C., Guimaraes A.L.S., Guimaraes R.A., Guled R.A., Senbeta A.M., Hashi A., Omer M.O., Yousuf A.Y., Gupta S.S., Gupta T., Gupta R., Haagsma J.A., Polinder S., Hachinski V., Stranges S., Hamadeh R.R., Hamidi S., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tyrovolas S., Hasaballah A.I., Hassanipour S., Joukar F., Mansour-Ghanaei F., Jaafari J., Havmoeller R.J., Hayat K., Heibati B., Heidari G., Henok A., Moraga P., Sigfusdottir I.D., Phillips M.R., Hole M.K., Hollingsworth B., Hopf K.P., Hosgood H., Hossain N., Mai H.T., Nguyen C.T., Nguyen H.L.T., Pham H.Q., Nguyen D.N., Househ M., Hsairi M., Lin R., Hsieh V., Hwang B., Hu K., Humayun A., Hussain R., Ibeneme C.U., Ikeda N., Ilic M.D., Inbaraj L.R., Iqbal U., Islami F., Yamagishi K., Iso H., Iwu C.C.D., Jacobsen K.H., Jayatilleke A.U., Jeemon P., Jha R.P., Jia P., Osei F.B., Schutte A.E., Johansson L., Szocska M., Joo T., Jozwiak J.J., Jurisson M., Kabir Z., Roshandel G., Oladnabi M., Kalani H., Kassa G.M., Katikireddi S.V., Yamada T., Nomura S., Kawakami N., Kayode G.A., Kromhout H., Traini E., Kumar M., Keiyoro P.N., Muriithi M.K., Wamai R.G., Khader Y.S., Khalid N., Khan E.A., Khang Y., Khatab K., Khubchandani J., Yoon S., Shin M., Kim C., Kim Y., Kim D., Kimokoti R.W., Kinfu Y., Kisa S., Kisa A., Kissimova-Skarbek K., Topor-Madry R., Lallukka T., Meretoja T.J., Shivakumar K.M., Knudsen A.S., Sulo G., Kosen S., Kotlo A., Koul P.A., Krishan K., KS S., Kuate Defo B., Kucuk Bicer B., Yuce D., Rawat R., Meitei W.B., Kumar P., Singh P., Kumaresh G., Lami F.H., Landires I., Nunez-Samudio V., Landires, Lansingh V.C., Lansky S., Larsson A.O., Lasrado S., Lavados P.M., Leasher J.L., Lee S.W.H., Leonardi M., Raggi A., Sattin PsyD, S Schiavolin D., Li B., Lim L., Takahashi K., Linehan C., Linn S., Shuval K., Listl S., Zhou M., Liu S., Logroscino G., Looker K.J., Lorkowski S., Lunevicius R., Lyons R.A., Madotto F., Magdy Abd El Razek H., Magdy Abd El Razek M., Mahmoudi M., Maled V., Moradi G., Maleki A., Manafi A., Mapoma C., Martini S., Martins-Melo F.R., Masaka A., McAlinden C., Momen N.C., Plana-Ripoll O., Medina-Solis C.E., Meharie B., Mehndiratta M., Mehrotra R., Suliankatchi Abdulkader R., Mekonnen T., Memiah P.T.N., Wallin M.T., Memish Z.A., Mendoza W., Mestrovic T., Miazgowski T., Miazgowski B., Michalek I., Mini G., Miri M., Mirrakhimov E.M., Mirzaei H., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammadpourhodki R., Sahebkar A., Mohammed H., Sufiyan M.B., Mohseni Bandpei M.A., Monasta L., Ronfani L., Mondello S., Moradi-Joo M., Morawska L., Mousavi Khaneghah A., Westerman R., Werdecker A., Mueller U.O., Mukhopadhyay S., Musa K., Mustafa G., Nagarajan A.J., Nagel G., Rothenbacher D., Naik G., Schwebel D.C., Singh J.A., Naimzada M., Otstavnov N., Otstavnov S.S., Soshnikov S., Titova M.V., Nair S., Naldi L., Nangia V., Nansseu J., Sobngwi E., Nguefack-Tsague G., Ndejjo R., Ngari K.N., Ngunjiri J.W., Nigatu Y.T., Oancea B., Oh I., Okunga E.W., Olusanya J.O., Olusanya B.O., Ong S., Onwujekwe O.E., Ortega-Altamirano D.V., Ortiz A., Soriano J.B., Osarenotor O., Ostojic S.M., Vlassov V., Pa M., Pangaribuan H.U., Park E., Pasupula D., Patel J.R., Patel S.K., Paternina-Caicedo A.J., Pathak M., Pathak A., Patten S.B., Tonelli M., Weintraub R.G., Paudel S., Pepito V.F., Thurston G.D., Peprah E.K., Pereira J., Pescarini J.M., Piccinelli C., Pilgrim T., Plass D., Pokhrel K.N., Prada S.I., Prakash V., Prakash S., Prasad N., Shigematsu M., Pribadi D.R.A., Sudaryanto A., Rabiee M., Radfar A., Ranabhat C.L., Ranta A., Ribeiro D.C., Rao S., Rawaf D.L., Rawal L., Renjith V., Rickard J., Roever L., Romoli M., Rostamian M., Rubagotti E., Rwegerera G.M., Ullah S., Sajadi S., Salam N., Salomon J.A., Salz I., Saraswathy S.Y., Sarmiento-Suarez R., Sathian B., Savic M., Saylan M., Schwendicke F., Sekerija M., Senthilkumaran S., Sha F., Shaheen A.A., Shaikh M.A., and Shamsizadeh M.

Abstract

Background: Accurate and up-to-date assessment of demographic metrics is crucial for understanding a wide range of social, economic, and public health issues that affect populations worldwide. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 produced updated and comprehensive demographic assessments of the key indicators of fertility, mortality, migration, and population for 204 countries and territories and selected subnational locations from 1950 to 2019. Method(s): 8078 country-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 938 surveys, 349 censuses, and 238 other sources were identified and used to estimate age-specific fertility. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate age-specific fertility rates for 5-year age groups between ages 15 and 49 years. With extensions to age groups 10-14 and 50-54 years, the total fertility rate (TFR) was then aggregated using the estimated age-specific fertility between ages 10 and 54 years. 7417 sources were used for under-5 mortality estimation and 7355 for adult mortality. ST-GPR was used to synthesise data sources after correction for known biases. Adult mortality was measured as the probability of death between ages 15 and 60 years based on vital registration, sample registration, and sibling histories, and was also estimated using ST-GPR. HIV-free life tables were then estimated using estimates of under-5 and adult mortality rates using a relational model life table system created for GBD, which closely tracks observed age-specific mortality rates from complete vital registration when available. Independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated by an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance and other sources were incorporated into the estimates in countries with large epidemics. Annual and single-year age estimates of net migration and population for each country and territory were generated using a B

Published
2020

22. Imaging techniques for element species in plant science

Author

Wu, B. and Becker, J.S.

Subjects
methods [Botany], ddc:690, metabolism [Metals], Metals, methods [Molecular Imaging], analysis [Metals], chemistry [Metals], anatomy & histology [Plants], methods [Spectrum Analysis], chemistry [Plants], metabolism [Plants], Synchrotrons
Abstract

Revealing the uptake, transport, localization and speciation of both essential and toxic elements in plants is important for understanding plant homeostasis and metabolism, subsequently, providing information for food and nutrient studies, agriculture activities, as well as environmental research. In the last decade, emerging techniques for elemental imaging and speciation analysis allowed us to obtain increasing knowledge of elemental distribution and availabilities in plants. Chemical imaging techniques include mass spectrometric methods such as secondary ionization mass spectrometry (SIMS), laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and synchrotron-based techniques such as X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (SRXRF), and so forth. On the other hand, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) based on synchrotron radiation is capable of in situ investigation of local atomic structure around the central element of interest. This technique can also be operated in tandem with SRXRF to image each element species of interest within plant tissue. In this review, the principles and state-of-the-art of these techniques regarding sample preparation, advantages and limitations, and improvement of sensitivity and spatial resolution are discussed. New results with respect to elemental distribution and speciation in plants revealed by these techniques are presented.

Published
2012
Full Text
View/download PDF

33. A new in-line aluminium treatment system using nontoxic gases and a gas-permeable vessel bottom.

Author

Saha D., Productivity and technology in the metallurgical industries Cologne, FRG 17-Sep-8922-Sep-89, Becker J.S., Gluns L., Saha D., Productivity and technology in the metallurgical industries Cologne, FRG 17-Sep-8922-Sep-89, Becker J.S., and Gluns L.

Abstract

The simultaneous injection of sparging gases into the melt with a blanketing atmosphere over the melt surface produces a clean, high-quality product. A small amount of nontoxic reactive gas, preferably sulphur hexafluorite, can be added to the inert gas when especially high-quality aluminium is required. The unit is based on a unique gas-permeable refractory bottom in the treatment vessel which provides effective gas-metal mixing without the need for a complex, submerged, rotating gas-dispersion mechanism., The simultaneous injection of sparging gases into the melt with a blanketing atmosphere over the melt surface produces a clean, high-quality product. A small amount of nontoxic reactive gas, preferably sulphur hexafluorite, can be added to the inert gas when especially high-quality aluminium is required. The unit is based on a unique gas-permeable refractory bottom in the treatment vessel which provides effective gas-metal mixing without the need for a complex, submerged, rotating gas-dispersion mechanism.

Published
1989

34. Oxygen-enhanced fluid bed roasting.

Author

Saha D., Productivity and technology in the metallurgical industries Cologne, FRG 17-Sep-8922-Sep-89, Becker J.S., Gluns L., Saha D., Productivity and technology in the metallurgical industries Cologne, FRG 17-Sep-8922-Sep-89, Becker J.S., and Gluns L.

Abstract

The process theory and the results of several on-stream applications of this technology are described., The process theory and the results of several on-stream applications of this technology are described.

Published
1989

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results