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Corinna Nerz,1 Franziska Kramer-Gmeiner,2 Carl-Philipp Jansen,1,3 Sarah Labudek,2 Jochen Klenk,1,4,5 Clemens Becker,1,6 Michael Schwenk2,7 1Department for Clinical Gerontology, Robert-Bosch-Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany; 2Network Aging Research (NAR), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; 3Institute of Sports and Sports Sciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; 4Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany; 5IB University of Health and Social Sciences, Study Centre Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany; 6Unit Digitale Geriatrie, Medical Faculty of the University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; 7Human Performance Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, GermanyCorrespondence: Corinna Nerz, Department for Clinical Gerontology, Robert-Bosch-Hospital, Auerbachstr. 110, Stuttgart, 70376, Germany, Tel +49 711-81010 6070, Fax +49 711 8101 3194, Email corinna.nerz@rbk.deIntroduction: Lifestyle-integrated Functional Exercise (LiFE) is an effective, individually delivered fall prevention program but comes with substantial resource requirements; hence, a group-format was developed (gLiFE). This study 1) evaluates the program content of two different LiFE formats (group vs individual) and 2) examines the relationship between predictors of training response (dose) and improvements in balance, strength, and physical activity (PA) (response).Material and Methods: The analysis included n = 252 (gLiFE = 126, LiFE = 126) community-dwelling older adults (78.6± 5.2 years). LiFE was administered in seven sessions either in a group (gLiFE: 8– 12 participants) or individually at home (LiFE). Questionnaire-based, descriptive content evaluation (frequency distributions) included reported frequency of practice (days/week, number of activities), activity preferences, safety, intensity, integrability of activities, and acceptance after 6 months of LiFE practice. Predictors (ie, dose [reported frequency and intensity], safety, and integrability of activities) for improvements in balance, strength, and PA were analyzed using radar charts.Results: In both formats, 11.2 activities were practiced on average. Strength activities were more frequently selected than balance. Content evaluation showed some marginal advantages for the LiFE participants for selected aspects. The effects on balance, strength, and PA were nearly similar in both groups. Participants who performed balance activities more frequently (≥ 4 days/week) scored better in the balance and PA domain. Those who performed strength activities more frequently (≥ 4 days/week) performed better in all three outcomes. Higher perceived safety was associated with better performance. Those who reported activities as “not physically exhausting” performed better in all three outcomes. Those who found activities easily integrable into daily routines scored higher in the balance and strength domain.Discussion and Conclusion: Overall, both program formats are comparable with respect to content evaluation and effects. Participants need to perceive the activities as safe, not exhausting, and should practice ≥ 4 days/week to generate a high benefit from the intervention.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03462654. Registered on 12 March 2018.Keywords: LiFE, home exercise program, fall prevention, health behavior intervention, dose-response analysis

Lea V Weber,1 Klaudia Al-Refae,1 Gerhard Wölk,2 Gabriele Bonatz,3 Janine Altmüller,4 Christian Becker,4 Günter Gisselmann,1 Hanns Hatt1 1Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr‑University Bochum, Bochum, 2Herz-Jesu-Krankenhaus, Dernbach, 3Augusta Kliniken Bochum, Bochum, 4Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Abstract: Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels contribute to the regulation of intracellular calcium, which can promote cancer hallmarks in cases of dysregulation of gene transcription and calcium-dependent pro-proliferative or anti-apoptotic mechanisms. Several studies have begun to elucidate the roles of TRPV1, TRPV6, TRPM8, and TRPC1 in cancer progression; however, no study has examined the expression profiles of human TRP channels in breast cancer on a large scale. This study focused on the expression and functionality of TRPV1, a nonselective cation channel that was found to be expressed in different carcinoma tissues. Next-generation sequencing analyses revealed the expression of TRPV1 in several native breast cancer tissues, which was subsequently validated via reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Activation of TRPV1 by its ligand capsaicin was associated with the growth inhibition of some cancer cell types; however, the signaling components involved are complex. In this study, stimulation by the TRPV1 agonist, capsaicin, of SUM149PT cells, a model system for the most aggressive breast cancer subtype, triple-negative breast cancer, led to intracellular calcium signals that were diminished by the specific TRPV1 antagonist, capsazepin. Activation of TRPV1 by capsaicin caused significant inhibition of cancer cell growth and induced apoptosis and necrosis. In conclusion, the current study revealed the expression profiles of human TRP channels in 60 different breast cancer tissues and cell lines and furthermore validated the antitumor activity of TRPV1 against SUM149PT breast cancer cells, indicating that activation of TRPV1 could be used as a therapeutic target, even in the most aggressive breast cancer types. Keywords: TRP channels, TRPV1, next-generation sequencing, breast cancer, apoptosis, necrosis, anti-proliferative

Abstract Background Access to sterile syringes is a proven means of reducing the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), viral hepatitis, and bacterial infections among injection drug users. In many U.S. states and territories, drug paraphernalia and syringe prescription laws are barriers to syringe access for injection drug users (IDUs): pharmacists may be reluctant to sell syringes to suspected IDUs, and police may confiscate syringes or arrest IDUs who cannot demonstrate a "legitimate" medical need for the syringes they possess. These barriers can be addressed by physician prescription of syringes. This study evaluates physicians' willingness to prescribe syringes, using the theory of planned behavior to identify key behavioral influences. Methods We mailed a survey to a representative sample of physicians from the American Medical Association physician database. Non-responding physicians were then called, faxed, or re-sent the survey, up to four times. Results Twenty percent responded to the survey. Although less than 1 percent of respondents had ever prescribed syringes to a known injection drug user, more than 60% of respondents reported that they would be willing to do so. Physicians' willingness to prescribe syringes was best predicted by the belief that it was a feasible and effective intervention, but individual and peer attitudes were also significant. Conclusion This was the first nationwide survey of the physician willingness to prescribe syringes to IDUs. While the majority of respondents were willing to consider syringe prescription in their clinical practices, multiple challenges need to be addressed in order to improve physician knowledge and attitudes toward IDUs.

Shelter‐building insects are important ecosystem engineers, playing critical roles in structuring arthropod communities. Nonetheless, the influence of leaf shelters and arthropods on plant–associated microbiota remains largely unexplored. Arthropods that visit or inhabit plants can contribute to the leaf microbial community, resulting in significant changes in plant–microbe interactions. By artificially constructing leaf shelters, we provide evidence that shelter‐building insects influence not only the arthropod community structure but also impact the phyllosphere microbiota. Leaf shelters exhibited higher abundance and richness of arthropods, changing the associated arthropod community composition. These shelters also altered the composition and community structure of phyllosphere microbiota, promoting greater richness and diversity of bacteria at the phyllosphere. In leaf shelters, microbial diversity positively correlated with the richness and diversity of herbivores. These findings demonstrate the critical role of leaf shelters in structuring both arthropod and microbial communities through altered microhabitats and species interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reports on findings about the natural history of the Cloud-forest Pygmy-Owl (Glaucidium nubicola). Recently described as a species, the general ecology of the Cloud-forest Pygmy-Owl remains poorly documented. Three banded individuals at a private reserve in the province of Pichincha, Ecuador, are used to describe its habitat use, diet items, and individual longevity. Our observations suggest this local population prefers wet primary cloud forest and appears to have a generalist diet. Multiple recaptures of a banded individual indicate a longevity record of 5 years. Additionally, ectoparasites were found on 2 out of 3 captured individuals. Received 10 April 2020. Accepted 22 July 2021. Key words: diet, habitat, lifespan, Neotropical owl, parasite, raptor, Strigidae. Este estudio reporta hallazgos sobre la historia natural del mochuelo Glaucidium nubicola. Recientemente descrito como especie, su ecología general se encuentra escasamente documentada. Usamos datos de 3 individuos anillados en una reserva privada en la provincia de Pichincha, Ecuador, para describir su uso de hábitat, ítems de su dieta y longevidad individual. Nuestras observaciones sugieren que esta población local prefiere bosques primarios húmedos y parece tener una dieta generalista. Su longevidad, según múltiples recapturas de individuos anillados, indican un récord de 5 años de edad. Adicionalmente, encontramos ectoparásitos de 2 de los 3 individuos capturados. Palabras clave: búho neotropical, dieta, hábitat, longevidad, parásito, rapaz, Strigidae., Cloud-forest Pygmy-Owls (Glaucidium nubicola) are small, range-restricted owls of the northwestern Andes (Freile and Restall 2018, BirdLife International 2021). Historically, this species was overlooked due to its parapatric distribution and [...]

The International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (ISUOG) and International Deep Endometriosis Analysis (IDEA) group, the European Endometriosis League (EEL), the European Society for Gynaecological Endoscopy (ESGE), ESHRE, the International Society for Gynecologic Endoscopy (ISGE), the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists (AAGL) and the European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR) elected an international, multidisciplinary panel of gynecological surgeons, sonographers, and radiologists, including a steering committee, which searched the literature for relevant articles in order to review the literature and provide evidence-based and clinically relevant statements on the use of imaging techniques for non-invasive diagnosis and classification of pelvic deep endometriosis. Preliminary statements were drafted based on review of the relevant literature. Following two rounds of revisions and voting orchestrated by chairs of the participating societies, consensus statements were finalized. A final version of the document was then resubmitted to the society chairs for approval. Twenty statements were drafted, of which 14 reached strong and three moderate agreement after the first voting round. The remaining three statements were discussed by all members of the steering committee and society chairs and rephrased, followed by an additional round of voting. At the conclusion of the process, 14 statements had strong and five statements moderate agreement, with one statement left in equipoise. This consensus work aims to guide clinicians involved in treating women with suspected endometriosis during patient assessment, counselling, and planning of surgical treatment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]