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4,684 results on '"Becker, U"'

6. Development of Tracking Detectors with industrially produced GEM Foils

Author

Simon, F., Azmoun, B., Becker, U., Burns, L., Crary, D., Kearney, K., Keeler, G., Majka, R., Paton, K., Saini, G., Smirnov, N., Surrow, B., and Woody, C.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The planned tracking upgrade of the STAR experiment at RHIC includes a large-area GEM tracker used to determine the charge sign of electrons and positrons produced from W+(-) decays. For such a large-scale project commercial availability of GEM foils is necessary. We report first results obtained with a triple GEM detector using GEM foils produced by Tech-Etch Inc. of Plymouth, MA, USA. Measurements of gain uniformity, long-term stability as well as measurements of the energy resolution for X-Rays are compared to results obtained with an identical detector using GEM foils produced at CERN. A quality assurance procedure based on optical tests using an automated high-resolution scanner has been established, allowing a study of the correlation of the observed behavior of the detector and the geometrical properties of the GEM foils. Detectors based on Tech-Etch and CERN produced foils both show good uniformity of the gain over the active area and stable gain after an initial charge-up period, making them well suited for precision tracking applications., Comment: 6 pages, 14 figures, published in IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, v2 updated text and figures

Published
2007
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7. Performance of the AMS-02 Transition Radiation Detector

Author

Doetinchem, P. v., Fopp, S., Karpinski, W., Kirn, T., Luebelsmeyer, K., Orboeck, J., Schael, S., von Dratzig, A. Schultz, Schwering, G., Siedenburg, T., Siedling, R., Wallraff, W., Becker, U., Burger, J., Henning, R., Kounine, A., Koutsenko, V., and Wyatt, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

For cosmic particle spectroscopy on the International Space Station the AMS experiment will be equipped with a Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) to improve particle identification. The TRD has 20 layers of fleece radiator with Xe/CO2 proportional mode straw tube chambers. They are supported in a conically shaped octagon structure made of CFC-Al-honeycomb. For low power consumption VA analog multiplexers are used as front-end readout. A 20 layer prototype built from final design components has achieved proton rejections from 100 to 2000 at 90% electron efficiency for proton beam energies up to 250 GeV with cluster counting, likelihood and neural net selection algorithms., Comment: 11 pages, 25 figures, espcrc2.sty (elsevier 2-column)

Published
2006
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8. Electroweak measurements in electron-positron collisions at W-boson-pair energies at LEP

Author

Schael, S, Barate, R, Brunelière, R, Buskulic, D, De Bonis, I, Decamp, D, Ghez, P, Goy, C, Jézéquel, S, Lees, JP, Lucotte, A, Martin, F, Merle, E, Minard, MN, Nief, JY, Odier, P, Pietrzyk, B, Trocmé, B, Bravo, S, Casado, MP, Chmeissani, M, Comas, P, Crespo, JM, Fernandez, E, Fernandez-Bosman, M, Garrido, L, Grauges, E, Juste, A, Martinez, M, Merino, G, Miquel, R, Mir, LM, Orteu, S, Pacheco, A, Park, IC, Perlas, J, Riu, I, Ruiz, H, Sanchez, F, Colaleo, A, Creanza, D, De Filippis, N, de Palma, M, Iaselli, G, Maggi, G, Maggi, M, Nuzzo, S, Ranieri, A, Raso, G, Ruggieri, F, Selvaggi, G, Silvestris, L, Tempesta, P, Tricomi, A, Zito, G, Huang, X, Lin, J, Ouyang, Q, Wang, T, Xie, Y, Xu, R, Xue, S, Zhang, J, Zhang, L, Zhao, W, Abbaneo, D, Bazarko, A, Becker, U, Boix, G, Bird, F, Blucher, E, Bonvicini, B, Bright-Thomas, P, Barklow, T, Buchmüller, O, Cattaneo, M, Cerutti, F, Ciulli, V, Clerbaux, B, Drevermann, H, Forty, RW, Frank, M, Greening, TC, Hagelberg, R, Halley, AW, Gianotti, F, Girone, M, Hansen, JB, Harvey, J, Jacobsen, R, Hutchcroft, DE, Janot, P, Jost, B, Knobloch, J, Kado, M, Lehraus, I, Lazeyras, P, Maley, P, Mato, P, and May, J

Subjects
Electron-positron physics, Electroweak interactions, Decays of heavy intermediate gauge bosons, Fermion-antifermion production, Precision measurements at W-pair energies, Tests of the Standard Model, Radiative corrections, Effective coupling constants, Neutral weak current, Z boson, W boson, Top quark, Higgs boson, hep-ex, hep-ph, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Mathematical Sciences, Physical Sciences
Abstract

Electroweak measurements performed with data taken at the electron-positron collider LEP at CERN from 1995 to 2000 are reported. The combined data set considered in this report corresponds to a total luminosity of about 3fb-1 collected by the four LEP experiments ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL, at centre-of-mass energies ranging from 130GeV to 209GeV. Combining the published results of the four LEP experiments, the measurements include total and differential cross-sections in photon-pair, fermion-pair and four-fermion production, the latter resulting from both double-resonant W W and Z Z production as well as singly resonant production. Total and differential cross-sections are measured precisely, providing a stringent test of the Standard Model at centre-of-mass energies never explored before in electron-positron collisions. Final-state interaction effects in four-fermion production, such as those arising from colour reconnection and Bose-Einstein correlations between the two W decay systems arising in W W production, are searched for and upper limits on the strength of possible effects are obtained. The data are used to determine fundamental properties of the W boson and the electroweak theory. Among others, the mass and width of the W boson, mW and ΓW, the branching fraction of W decays to hadrons, B (W → had), and the trilinear gauge-boson self-couplings g1Z, κγ and λγ are determined to be: mW=80.376±0.033GeV ΓW=2.195±0.083GeV B(W→had)=67.41±0.27% g1Z=0.9840+0.018-0.020 κγ=0.982±0.042λγ=-0.022±0.019. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.

Published
2013

9. Use of Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) Detectors for an Advanced X-ray Monitor

Author

Remillard, R. A., Levine, A. M., Boughan, E. A., Bradt, H. V., Morgan, E. H., Becker, U. J., Nenonen, S., and Vilhu, O. R.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We describe a concept for a NASA SMEX Mission in which Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detectors, developed at CERN, are adapted for use in X-ray astronomy. These detectors can be used to obtain moderately large detector area and two-dimensional photon positions with sub mm accuracy in the range of 1.5 to 15 keV. We describe an application of GEMs with xenon gas, coded mask cameras, and simple circuits for measuring event positions and for anticoincidence rejection of particle events. The cameras are arranged to cover most of the celestial sphere, providing high sensitivity and throughput for a wide variety of cosmic explosions. At longer timescales, persistent X-ray sources would be monitored with unprecedented levels of coverage. The sensitivity to faint X-ray sources on a one-day timescale would be improved by a factor of 6 over the capability of the RXTE All Sky Monitor., Comment: 10 pages, 5 figs., in X-Ray and Gamma Ray Instrumentation for Astronomy XI, SPIE conference, San Diego, Aug. 2000

Published
2001
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10. Optimization of drift gases for accuracy in pressurized drift tubes

Author

Kirchner, J. J., Becker, U. J., Dinner, R. B., Fidkowski, K. J., and Wyatt, J. H.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Modern detectors such as ATLAS use pressurized drift tubes to minimize diffusion and achieve high coordinate accuracy. However, the coordinate accuracy depends on the exact knowledge of converting measured times into coordinates. Linear space-time relationships are best for reconstruction, but difficult to achieve in the $E \propto \frac{1}{r}$ field. Previous mixtures, which contained methane or other organic quenchers, are disfavored because of ageing problems. From our studies of nitrogen and carbon dioxide, two mixtures with only small deviations from linearity were determined and measured. Scaling laws for different pressures and magnetic fields are also given., Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures

Published
2000
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17. Properties of Neon, Magnesium, and Silicon Primary Cosmic Rays Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

Author

Aguilar, M, Ali Cavasonza, L, Ambrosi, G, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Barao, F, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Başeğmez-du Pree, S, Battiston, R, Becker, U, Behlmann, M, Beischer, B, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bindi, V, de Boer, W, Bollweg, K, Borgia, B, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bueno, E, Burger, J, Burger, W, Burmeister, S, Cai, X, Capell, M, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cervelli, F, Chang, Y, Chen, G, Chen, H, Chen, Y, Cheng, L, Chou, H, Chouridou, S, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Cui, Z, Dadzie, K, Dai, Y, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirköz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Di Felice, V, Díaz, C, Dimiccoli, F, von Doetinchem, P, Dong, F, Donnini, F, Duranti, M, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Formato, V, Freeman, C, Galaktionov, Y, Gámez, C, García-López, R, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gebauer, I, Gervasi, M, Giovacchini, F, Gómez-Coral, D, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Guo, K, Haino, S, Han, K, Hashmani, R, He, Z, Heber, B, Hsieh, T, Hu, J, Huang, Z, Incagli, M, Jang, W, Jia, Y, Jinchi, H, Kanishev, K, Khiali, B, Kim, G, Kirn, T, Konyushikhin, M, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Kuhlman, A, Kulemzin, A, La Vacca, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lebedev, A, Lee, H, Lee, S, Li, J, Li, M, Li, Q, Li, S, Li, T, Li, Z, Light, C, Lin, C, Lippert, T, Liu, Z, Lu, S, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, J, Lyu, S, Machate, F, Mañá, C, Marín, J, Marquardt, J, Martin, T, Martínez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Menchaca-Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mo, D, Molero, M, Mott, P, Mussolin, L, Ni, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Oliva, A, Orcinha, M, Palermo, M, Palmonari, F, Paniccia, M, Pashnin, A, Pauluzzi, M, Pensotti, S, Phan, H, Piandani, R, Plyaskin, V, Poluianov, S, Qi, X, Qin, X, Qu, Z, Quadrani, L, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Reina Conde, A, Rosier-Lees, S, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Schael, S, Schmidt, S, Schulz von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shan, B, Shi, J, Siedenburg, T, Solano, C, Sonnabend, R, Song, J, Sun, Q, Sun, Z, Tacconi, M, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tian, J, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Tüysüz, C, Urban, T, Usoskin, I, Vagelli, V, Vainio, R, Valente, E, Valtonen, E, Vázquez Acosta, M, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Wallmann, C, Wang, L, Wang, N, Wang, Q, Wang, S, Wang, X, Wang, Z, Wei, J, Weng, Z, Wu, H, Xiong, R, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, Y, Yi, H, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zannoni, M, Zhang, C, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z, Zhao, F, Zheng, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, Zimmermann, N, Zuccon, P, Aguilar, M., Ali Cavasonza, L., Ambrosi, G., Arruda, L., Attig, N., Barao, F., Barrin, L., Bartoloni, A., Başeğmez-du Pree, S., Battiston, R., Becker, U., Behlmann, M., Beischer, B., Berdugo, J., Bertucci, B., Bindi, V., de Boer, W., Bollweg, K., Borgia, B., Boschini, M. J., Bourquin, M., Bueno, E. F., Burger, J., Burger, W. J., Burmeister, S., Cai, X. D., Capell, M., Casaus, J., Castellini, G., Cervelli, F., Chang, Y. H., Chen, G. M., Chen, H. S., Chen, Y., Cheng, L., Chou, H. Y., Chouridou, S., Choutko, V., Chung, C. H., Clark, C., Coignet, G., Consolandi, C., Contin, A., Corti, C., Cui, Z., Dadzie, K., Dai, Y. M., Delgado, C., Della Torre, S., Demirköz, M. B., Derome, L., Di Falco, S., Di Felice, V., Díaz, C., Dimiccoli, F., von Doetinchem, P., Dong, F., Donnini, F., Duranti, M., Egorov, A., Eline, A., Feng, J., Fiandrini, E., Fisher, P., Formato, V., Freeman, C., Galaktionov, Y., Gámez, C., García-López, R. J., Gargiulo, C., Gast, H., Gebauer, I., Gervasi, M., Giovacchini, F., Gómez-Coral, D. M., Gong, J., Goy, C., Grabski, V., Grandi, D., Graziani, M., Guo, K. H., Haino, S., Han, K. C., Hashmani, R. K., He, Z. H., Heber, B., Hsieh, T. H., Hu, J. Y., Huang, Z. C., Incagli, M., Jang, W. Y., Jia, Yi, Jinchi, H., Kanishev, K., Khiali, B., Kim, G. N., Kirn, Th., Konyushikhin, M., Kounina, O., Kounine, A., Koutsenko, V., Kuhlman, A., Kulemzin, A., La Vacca, G., Laudi, E., Laurenti, G., Lazzizzera, I., Lebedev, A., Lee, H. T., Lee, S. C., Li, J. Q., Li, M., Li, Q., Li, S., Li, T. X., Li, Z. H., Light, C., Lin, C. H., Lippert, T., Liu, Z., Lu, S. Q., Lu, Y. S., Luebelsmeyer, K., Luo, J. Z., Lyu, S. S., Machate, F., Mañá, C., Marín, J., Marquardt, J., Martin, T., Martínez, G., Masi, N., Maurin, D., Menchaca-Rocha, A., Meng, Q., Mo, D. C., Molero, M., Mott, P., Mussolin, L., Ni, J. Q., Nikonov, N., Nozzoli, F., Oliva, A., Orcinha, M., Palermo, M., Palmonari, F., Paniccia, M., Pashnin, A., Pauluzzi, M., Pensotti, S., Phan, H. D., Piandani, R., Plyaskin, V., Poluianov, S., Qi, X. M., Qin, X., Qu, Z. Y., Quadrani, L., Rancoita, P. G., Rapin, D., Reina Conde, A., Rosier-Lees, S., Rozhkov, A., Rozza, D., Sagdeev, R., Schael, S., Schmidt, S. M., Schulz von Dratzig, A., Schwering, G., Seo, E. S., Shan, B. S., Shi, J. Y., Siedenburg, T., Solano, C., Sonnabend, R., Song, J. W., Sun, Q., Sun, Z. T., Tacconi, M., Tang, X. W., Tang, Z. C., Tian, J., Ting, Samuel C. C., Ting, S. M., Tomassetti, N., Torsti, J., Tüysüz, C., Urban, T., Usoskin, I., Vagelli, V., Vainio, R., Valente, E., Valtonen, E., Vázquez Acosta, M., Vecchi, M., Velasco, M., Vialle, J. P., Wallmann, C., Wang, L. Q., Wang, N. H., Wang, Q. L., Wang, S., Wang, X., Wang, Z. X., Wei, J., Weng, Z. L., Wu, H., Xiong, R. Q., Xu, W., Yan, Q., Yang, Y., Yi, H., Yu, Y. J., Yu, Z. Q., Zannoni, M., Zhang, C., Zhang, F., Zhang, F. Z., Zhang, J. H., Zhang, Z., Zhao, F., Zheng, Z. M., Zhuang, H. L., Zhukov, V., Zichichi, A., Zimmermann, N., Zuccon, P., Aguilar, M, Ali Cavasonza, L, Ambrosi, G, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Barao, F, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Başeğmez-du Pree, S, Battiston, R, Becker, U, Behlmann, M, Beischer, B, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bindi, V, de Boer, W, Bollweg, K, Borgia, B, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bueno, E, Burger, J, Burger, W, Burmeister, S, Cai, X, Capell, M, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cervelli, F, Chang, Y, Chen, G, Chen, H, Chen, Y, Cheng, L, Chou, H, Chouridou, S, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Cui, Z, Dadzie, K, Dai, Y, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirköz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Di Felice, V, Díaz, C, Dimiccoli, F, von Doetinchem, P, Dong, F, Donnini, F, Duranti, M, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Formato, V, Freeman, C, Galaktionov, Y, Gámez, C, García-López, R, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gebauer, I, Gervasi, M, Giovacchini, F, Gómez-Coral, D, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Guo, K, Haino, S, Han, K, Hashmani, R, He, Z, Heber, B, Hsieh, T, Hu, J, Huang, Z, Incagli, M, Jang, W, Jia, Y, Jinchi, H, Kanishev, K, Khiali, B, Kim, G, Kirn, T, Konyushikhin, M, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Kuhlman, A, Kulemzin, A, La Vacca, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lebedev, A, Lee, H, Lee, S, Li, J, Li, M, Li, Q, Li, S, Li, T, Li, Z, Light, C, Lin, C, Lippert, T, Liu, Z, Lu, S, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, J, Lyu, S, Machate, F, Mañá, C, Marín, J, Marquardt, J, Martin, T, Martínez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Menchaca-Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mo, D, Molero, M, Mott, P, Mussolin, L, Ni, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Oliva, A, Orcinha, M, Palermo, M, Palmonari, F, Paniccia, M, Pashnin, A, Pauluzzi, M, Pensotti, S, Phan, H, Piandani, R, Plyaskin, V, Poluianov, S, Qi, X, Qin, X, Qu, Z, Quadrani, L, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Reina Conde, A, Rosier-Lees, S, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Schael, S, Schmidt, S, Schulz von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shan, B, Shi, J, Siedenburg, T, Solano, C, Sonnabend, R, Song, J, Sun, Q, Sun, Z, Tacconi, M, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tian, J, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Tüysüz, C, Urban, T, Usoskin, I, Vagelli, V, Vainio, R, Valente, E, Valtonen, E, Vázquez Acosta, M, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Wallmann, C, Wang, L, Wang, N, Wang, Q, Wang, S, Wang, X, Wang, Z, Wei, J, Weng, Z, Wu, H, Xiong, R, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, Y, Yi, H, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zannoni, M, Zhang, C, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z, Zhao, F, Zheng, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, Zimmermann, N, Zuccon, P, Aguilar, M., Ali Cavasonza, L., Ambrosi, G., Arruda, L., Attig, N., Barao, F., Barrin, L., Bartoloni, A., Başeğmez-du Pree, S., Battiston, R., Becker, U., Behlmann, M., Beischer, B., Berdugo, J., Bertucci, B., Bindi, V., de Boer, W., Bollweg, K., Borgia, B., Boschini, M. J., Bourquin, M., Bueno, E. F., Burger, J., Burger, W. J., Burmeister, S., Cai, X. D., Capell, M., Casaus, J., Castellini, G., Cervelli, F., Chang, Y. H., Chen, G. M., Chen, H. S., Chen, Y., Cheng, L., Chou, H. Y., Chouridou, S., Choutko, V., Chung, C. H., Clark, C., Coignet, G., Consolandi, C., Contin, A., Corti, C., Cui, Z., Dadzie, K., Dai, Y. M., Delgado, C., Della Torre, S., Demirköz, M. B., Derome, L., Di Falco, S., Di Felice, V., Díaz, C., Dimiccoli, F., von Doetinchem, P., Dong, F., Donnini, F., Duranti, M., Egorov, A., Eline, A., Feng, J., Fiandrini, E., Fisher, P., Formato, V., Freeman, C., Galaktionov, Y., Gámez, C., García-López, R. J., Gargiulo, C., Gast, H., Gebauer, I., Gervasi, M., Giovacchini, F., Gómez-Coral, D. M., Gong, J., Goy, C., Grabski, V., Grandi, D., Graziani, M., Guo, K. H., Haino, S., Han, K. C., Hashmani, R. K., He, Z. H., Heber, B., Hsieh, T. H., Hu, J. Y., Huang, Z. C., Incagli, M., Jang, W. Y., Jia, Yi, Jinchi, H., Kanishev, K., Khiali, B., Kim, G. N., Kirn, Th., Konyushikhin, M., Kounina, O., Kounine, A., Koutsenko, V., Kuhlman, A., Kulemzin, A., La Vacca, G., Laudi, E., Laurenti, G., Lazzizzera, I., Lebedev, A., Lee, H. T., Lee, S. C., Li, J. Q., Li, M., Li, Q., Li, S., Li, T. X., Li, Z. H., Light, C., Lin, C. H., Lippert, T., Liu, Z., Lu, S. Q., Lu, Y. S., Luebelsmeyer, K., Luo, J. Z., Lyu, S. S., Machate, F., Mañá, C., Marín, J., Marquardt, J., Martin, T., Martínez, G., Masi, N., Maurin, D., Menchaca-Rocha, A., Meng, Q., Mo, D. C., Molero, M., Mott, P., Mussolin, L., Ni, J. Q., Nikonov, N., Nozzoli, F., Oliva, A., Orcinha, M., Palermo, M., Palmonari, F., Paniccia, M., Pashnin, A., Pauluzzi, M., Pensotti, S., Phan, H. D., Piandani, R., Plyaskin, V., Poluianov, S., Qi, X. M., Qin, X., Qu, Z. Y., Quadrani, L., Rancoita, P. G., Rapin, D., Reina Conde, A., Rosier-Lees, S., Rozhkov, A., Rozza, D., Sagdeev, R., Schael, S., Schmidt, S. M., Schulz von Dratzig, A., Schwering, G., Seo, E. S., Shan, B. S., Shi, J. Y., Siedenburg, T., Solano, C., Sonnabend, R., Song, J. W., Sun, Q., Sun, Z. T., Tacconi, M., Tang, X. W., Tang, Z. C., Tian, J., Ting, Samuel C. C., Ting, S. M., Tomassetti, N., Torsti, J., Tüysüz, C., Urban, T., Usoskin, I., Vagelli, V., Vainio, R., Valente, E., Valtonen, E., Vázquez Acosta, M., Vecchi, M., Velasco, M., Vialle, J. P., Wallmann, C., Wang, L. Q., Wang, N. H., Wang, Q. L., Wang, S., Wang, X., Wang, Z. X., Wei, J., Weng, Z. L., Wu, H., Xiong, R. Q., Xu, W., Yan, Q., Yang, Y., Yi, H., Yu, Y. J., Yu, Z. Q., Zannoni, M., Zhang, C., Zhang, F., Zhang, F. Z., Zhang, J. H., Zhang, Z., Zhao, F., Zheng, Z. M., Zhuang, H. L., Zhukov, V., Zichichi, A., Zimmermann, N., and Zuccon, P.

Abstract

We report the observation of new properties of primary cosmic rays, neon (Ne), magnesium (Mg), and silicon (Si), measured in the rigidity range 2.15 GV to 3.0 TV with 1.8 × 10^6 Ne, 2.2 × 10^6 Mg, and 1.6 × 10^6 Si nuclei collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer experiment on the International Space Station. The Ne and Mg spectra have identical rigidity dependence above 3.65 GV. The three spectra have identical rigidity dependence above 86.5 GV, deviate from a single power law above 200 GV, and harden in an identical way. Unexpectedly, above 86.5 GV the rigidity dependence of primary cosmic rays Ne, Mg, and Si spectra is different from the rigidity dependence of primary cosmic rays He, C, and O. This shows that the Ne, Mg, and Si and He, C, and O are two different classes of primary cosmic rays.

Published
2020

23. Algae, Fungi, and Lichens on Inselbergs

Author

Büdel, B., Becker, U., Follmann, G., Sterflinger, K., Caldwell, M. M., editor, Heldmaier, G., editor, Lange, O. L., editor, Mooney, H. A., editor, Schulze, E.-D., editor, Sommer, U., editor, Porembski, Stefan, editor, and Barthlott, Wilhelm, editor

Published
2000
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24. Islands on Islands: Habitats on Inselbergs

Author

Porembski, S., Becker, U., Seine, R., Caldwell, M. M., editor, Heldmaier, G., editor, Lange, O. L., editor, Mooney, H. A., editor, Schulze, E.-D., editor, Sommer, U., editor, Porembski, Stefan, editor, and Barthlott, Wilhelm, editor

Published
2000
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25. Phytogeography

Author

Seine, R., Porembski, S., Becker, U., Caldwell, M. M., editor, Heldmaier, G., editor, Lange, O. L., editor, Mooney, H. A., editor, Schulze, E.-D., editor, Sommer, U., editor, Porembski, Stefan, editor, and Barthlott, Wilhelm, editor

Published
2000
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26. East and Southeast Africa

Author

Seine, R., Becker, U., Caldwell, M. M., editor, Heldmaier, G., editor, Lange, O. L., editor, Mooney, H. A., editor, Schulze, E.-D., editor, Sommer, U., editor, Porembski, Stefan, editor, and Barthlott, Wilhelm, editor

Published
2000
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27. Kolontumoren

Author

Dienes, H. P., Klempnauer, J., Petrasch, S., Wengler-Becker, U., Schmiegel, W., Adler, G., editor, Beglinger, C., editor, Manns, M. P., editor, Müller-Lissner, S., editor, and Schmiegel, W., editor

Published
2000
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28. Magentumoren

Author

Dienes, H. P., Klempnauer, J., Petrasch, S., Wengler-Becker, U., Adler, G., editor, Beglinger, C., editor, Manns, M. P., editor, Müller-Lissner, S., editor, and Schmiegel, W., editor

Published
2000
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29. Ösophagustumoren

Author

Dienes, H. P., Wengler-Becker, U., Klempnauer, J., Südhoff, T., Petrasch, S., Adler, G., editor, Beglinger, C., editor, Manns, M. P., editor, Müller-Lissner, S., editor, and Schmiegel, W., editor

Published
2000
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37. Regelkreisgesteuerte Auftragsabwicklung

Author

Betzl, K., Ruckaberle, R., Schweizer, W., Langhoff, T., Uhrmann-Novak, U., Harzem, R., Rüffer, U., Schmidt, F., Schott, H., Becker, U., Kiesling, E., Pawelke, H., Reinhart, Gunther, editor, and Schnauber, Herbert, editor

Published
1997
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44. EPR and Overhauser Shift on [PΦ4 +]C60 - and KxC60

Author

Klos, H., Becker, U., Dyakonov, V., Rösler, G., Gotschy, B., Denninger, G., Hirsch, A., Cardona, Manuel, editor, Fulde, Peter, editor, von Klitzing, Klaus, editor, Queisser, Hans-Joachim, editor, Lotsch, Helmut K. V., editor, Kuzmany, Hans, editor, Fink, Jörg, editor, Mehring, Michael, editor, and Roth, Siegmar, editor

Published
1993
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47. Properties of Cosmic Helium Isotopes Measured by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

Author

Aguilar, M, Ali Cavasonza, L, Ambrosi, G, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Bachlechner, A, Barao, F, Barrau, A, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Basegmez-Du Pree, S, Battiston, R, Becker, U, Behlmann, M, Beischer, B, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bindi, V, De Boer, W, Bollweg, K, Borgia, B, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bueno, E, Burger, J, Burger, W, Cai, X, Capell, M, Caroff, S, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cervelli, F, Chang, Y, Chen, G, Chen, H, Chen, Y, Cheng, L, Chou, H, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Cui, Z, Dadzie, K, Dai, Y, Datta, A, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirkoz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Di Felice, V, Diaz, C, Dimiccoli, F, Von Doetinchem, P, Dong, F, Donnini, F, Duranti, M, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Formato, V, Galaktionov, Y, Gamez, C, Garcia-Lopez, R, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gebauer, I, Gervasi, M, Giovacchini, F, Gomez-Coral, D, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Guo, K, Haino, S, Han, K, He, Z, Hsieh, T, Huang, H, Huang, Z, Incagli, M, Jang, W, Jia, Y, Jinchi, H, Kanishev, K, Khiali, B, Kim, G, Kirn, T, Konyushikhin, M, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Kulemzin, A, La Vacca, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lebedev, A, Lee, H, Lee, S, Li, J, Li, Q, Li, T, Li, Z, Light, C, Lin, C, Lippert, T, Liu, Z, Lu, S, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, F, Luo, J, Luo, X, Lyu, S, Machate, F, Mana, C, Marin, J, Martin, T, Martinez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Menchaca-Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mo, D, Molero, M, Mott, P, Mussolin, L, Nelson, T, Ni, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Oliva, A, Orcinha, M, Palermo, M, Palmonari, F, Paniccia, M, Pashnin, A, Pauluzzi, M, Pensotti, S, Phan, H, Plyaskin, V, Poireau, V, Poluianov, S, Popkow, A, Qi, X, Qin, X, Qu, Z, Quadrani, L, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Reina Conde, A, Rosier-Lees, S, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Schael, S, Schmidt, S, Schulz Von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shan, B, Shi, J, Siedenburg, T, Solano, C, Song, J, Sun, Z, Tacconi, M, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tian, J, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Tuysuz, C, Urban, T, Usoskin, I, Vagelli, V, Vainio, R, Valente, E, Valtonen, E, Vazquez Acosta, M, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Wang, L, Wang, N, Wang, Q, Wang, X, Wang, Z, Wei, J, Weng, Z, Wu, H, Xiong, R, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, Y, Yi, H, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zannoni, M, Zeissler, S, Zhang, C, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z, Zhao, F, Zheng, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, Zimmermann, N, Zuccon, P, Aguilar M., Ali Cavasonza L., Ambrosi G., Arruda L., Attig N., Bachlechner A., Barao F., Barrau A., Barrin L., Bartoloni A., Basegmez-Du Pree S., Battiston R., Becker U., Behlmann M., Beischer B., Berdugo J., Bertucci B., Bindi V., De Boer W., Bollweg K., Borgia B., Boschini M. J., Bourquin M., Bueno E. F., Burger J., Burger W. J., Cai X. D., Capell M., Caroff S., Casaus J., Castellini G., Cervelli F., Chang Y. H., Chen G. M., Chen H. S., Chen Y., Cheng L., Chou H. Y., Choutko V., Chung C. H., Clark C., Coignet G., Consolandi C., Contin A., Corti C., Cui Z., Dadzie K., Dai Y. M., Datta A., Delgado C., Della Torre S., Demirkoz M. B., Derome L., Di Falco S., Di Felice V., Diaz C., Dimiccoli F., Von Doetinchem P., Dong F., Donnini F., Duranti M., Egorov A., Eline A., Feng J., Fiandrini E., Fisher P., Formato V., Galaktionov Y., Gamez C., Garcia-Lopez R. J., Gargiulo C., Gast H., Gebauer I., Gervasi M., Giovacchini F., Gomez-Coral D. M., Gong J., Goy C., Grabski V., Grandi D., Graziani M., Guo K. H., Haino S., Han K. C., He Z. H., Hsieh T. H., Huang H., Huang Z. C., Incagli M., Jang W. Y., Jia Y., Jinchi H., Kanishev K., Khiali B., Kim G. N., Kirn T., Konyushikhin M., Kounina O., Kounine A., Koutsenko V., Kulemzin A., La Vacca G., Laudi E., Laurenti G., Lazzizzera I., Lebedev A., Lee H. T., Lee S. C., Li J. Q., Li Q., Li T. X., Li Z. H., Light C., Lin C. H., Lippert T., Liu Z., Lu S. Q., Lu Y. S., Luebelsmeyer K., Luo F., Luo J. Z., Luo X., Lyu S. S., MacHate F., Mana C., Marin J., Martin T., Martinez G., Masi N., Maurin D., Menchaca-Rocha A., Meng Q., Mo D. C., Molero M., Mott P., Mussolin L., Nelson T., Ni J. Q., Nikonov N., Nozzoli F., Oliva A., Orcinha M., Palermo M., Palmonari F., Paniccia M., Pashnin A., Pauluzzi M., Pensotti S., Phan H. D., Plyaskin V., Poireau V., Poluianov S., Popkow A., Qi X. M., Qin X., Qu Z. Y., Quadrani L., Rancoita P. G., Rapin D., Reina Conde A., Rosier-Lees S., Rozhkov A., Rozza D., Sagdeev R., Schael S., Schmidt S. M., Schulz Von Dratzig A., Schwering G., Seo E. S., Shan B. S., Shi J. Y., Siedenburg T., Solano C., Song J. W., Sun Z. T., Tacconi M., Tang X. W., Tang Z. C., Tian J., Ting S. C. C., Ting S. M., Tomassetti N., Torsti J., Tuysuz C., Urban T., Usoskin I., Vagelli V., Vainio R., Valente E., Valtonen E., Vazquez Acosta M., Vecchi M., Velasco M., Vialle J. P., Wang L. Q., Wang N. H., Wang Q. L., Wang X., Wang X. Q., Wang Z. X., Wei J., Weng Z. L., Wu H., Xiong R. Q., Xu W., Yan Q., Yang Y., Yi H., Yu Y. J., Yu Z. Q., Zannoni M., Zeissler S., Zhang C., Zhang F., Zhang J. H., Zhang Z., Zhao F., Zheng Z. M., Zhuang H. L., Zhukov V., Zichichi A., Zimmermann N., Zuccon P., Aguilar, M, Ali Cavasonza, L, Ambrosi, G, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Bachlechner, A, Barao, F, Barrau, A, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Basegmez-Du Pree, S, Battiston, R, Becker, U, Behlmann, M, Beischer, B, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bindi, V, De Boer, W, Bollweg, K, Borgia, B, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bueno, E, Burger, J, Burger, W, Cai, X, Capell, M, Caroff, S, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cervelli, F, Chang, Y, Chen, G, Chen, H, Chen, Y, Cheng, L, Chou, H, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Cui, Z, Dadzie, K, Dai, Y, Datta, A, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirkoz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Di Felice, V, Diaz, C, Dimiccoli, F, Von Doetinchem, P, Dong, F, Donnini, F, Duranti, M, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Formato, V, Galaktionov, Y, Gamez, C, Garcia-Lopez, R, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gebauer, I, Gervasi, M, Giovacchini, F, Gomez-Coral, D, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Guo, K, Haino, S, Han, K, He, Z, Hsieh, T, Huang, H, Huang, Z, Incagli, M, Jang, W, Jia, Y, Jinchi, H, Kanishev, K, Khiali, B, Kim, G, Kirn, T, Konyushikhin, M, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Kulemzin, A, La Vacca, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lebedev, A, Lee, H, Lee, S, Li, J, Li, Q, Li, T, Li, Z, Light, C, Lin, C, Lippert, T, Liu, Z, Lu, S, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, F, Luo, J, Luo, X, Lyu, S, Machate, F, Mana, C, Marin, J, Martin, T, Martinez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Menchaca-Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mo, D, Molero, M, Mott, P, Mussolin, L, Nelson, T, Ni, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Oliva, A, Orcinha, M, Palermo, M, Palmonari, F, Paniccia, M, Pashnin, A, Pauluzzi, M, Pensotti, S, Phan, H, Plyaskin, V, Poireau, V, Poluianov, S, Popkow, A, Qi, X, Qin, X, Qu, Z, Quadrani, L, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Reina Conde, A, Rosier-Lees, S, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Schael, S, Schmidt, S, Schulz Von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shan, B, Shi, J, Siedenburg, T, Solano, C, Song, J, Sun, Z, Tacconi, M, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tian, J, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Tuysuz, C, Urban, T, Usoskin, I, Vagelli, V, Vainio, R, Valente, E, Valtonen, E, Vazquez Acosta, M, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Wang, L, Wang, N, Wang, Q, Wang, X, Wang, Z, Wei, J, Weng, Z, Wu, H, Xiong, R, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, Y, Yi, H, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zannoni, M, Zeissler, S, Zhang, C, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z, Zhao, F, Zheng, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, Zimmermann, N, Zuccon, P, Aguilar M., Ali Cavasonza L., Ambrosi G., Arruda L., Attig N., Bachlechner A., Barao F., Barrau A., Barrin L., Bartoloni A., Basegmez-Du Pree S., Battiston R., Becker U., Behlmann M., Beischer B., Berdugo J., Bertucci B., Bindi V., De Boer W., Bollweg K., Borgia B., Boschini M. J., Bourquin M., Bueno E. F., Burger J., Burger W. J., Cai X. D., Capell M., Caroff S., Casaus J., Castellini G., Cervelli F., Chang Y. H., Chen G. M., Chen H. S., Chen Y., Cheng L., Chou H. Y., Choutko V., Chung C. H., Clark C., Coignet G., Consolandi C., Contin A., Corti C., Cui Z., Dadzie K., Dai Y. M., Datta A., Delgado C., Della Torre S., Demirkoz M. B., Derome L., Di Falco S., Di Felice V., Diaz C., Dimiccoli F., Von Doetinchem P., Dong F., Donnini F., Duranti M., Egorov A., Eline A., Feng J., Fiandrini E., Fisher P., Formato V., Galaktionov Y., Gamez C., Garcia-Lopez R. J., Gargiulo C., Gast H., Gebauer I., Gervasi M., Giovacchini F., Gomez-Coral D. M., Gong J., Goy C., Grabski V., Grandi D., Graziani M., Guo K. H., Haino S., Han K. C., He Z. H., Hsieh T. H., Huang H., Huang Z. C., Incagli M., Jang W. Y., Jia Y., Jinchi H., Kanishev K., Khiali B., Kim G. N., Kirn T., Konyushikhin M., Kounina O., Kounine A., Koutsenko V., Kulemzin A., La Vacca G., Laudi E., Laurenti G., Lazzizzera I., Lebedev A., Lee H. T., Lee S. C., Li J. Q., Li Q., Li T. X., Li Z. H., Light C., Lin C. H., Lippert T., Liu Z., Lu S. Q., Lu Y. S., Luebelsmeyer K., Luo F., Luo J. Z., Luo X., Lyu S. S., MacHate F., Mana C., Marin J., Martin T., Martinez G., Masi N., Maurin D., Menchaca-Rocha A., Meng Q., Mo D. C., Molero M., Mott P., Mussolin L., Nelson T., Ni J. Q., Nikonov N., Nozzoli F., Oliva A., Orcinha M., Palermo M., Palmonari F., Paniccia M., Pashnin A., Pauluzzi M., Pensotti S., Phan H. D., Plyaskin V., Poireau V., Poluianov S., Popkow A., Qi X. M., Qin X., Qu Z. Y., Quadrani L., Rancoita P. G., Rapin D., Reina Conde A., Rosier-Lees S., Rozhkov A., Rozza D., Sagdeev R., Schael S., Schmidt S. M., Schulz Von Dratzig A., Schwering G., Seo E. S., Shan B. S., Shi J. Y., Siedenburg T., Solano C., Song J. W., Sun Z. T., Tacconi M., Tang X. W., Tang Z. C., Tian J., Ting S. C. C., Ting S. M., Tomassetti N., Torsti J., Tuysuz C., Urban T., Usoskin I., Vagelli V., Vainio R., Valente E., Valtonen E., Vazquez Acosta M., Vecchi M., Velasco M., Vialle J. P., Wang L. Q., Wang N. H., Wang Q. L., Wang X., Wang X. Q., Wang Z. X., Wei J., Weng Z. L., Wu H., Xiong R. Q., Xu W., Yan Q., Yang Y., Yi H., Yu Y. J., Yu Z. Q., Zannoni M., Zeissler S., Zhang C., Zhang F., Zhang J. H., Zhang Z., Zhao F., Zheng Z. M., Zhuang H. L., Zhukov V., Zichichi A., Zimmermann N., and Zuccon P.

Abstract

Precision measurements by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) on the International Space Station of He-3 and He-4 fluxes are presented. The measurements are based on 100 million He-4 nuclei in the rigidity range from 2.1 to 21 GV and 18 million He-3 from 1.9 to 15 GV collected from May 2011 to November 2017. We observed that the He-3 and He-4 fluxes exhibit nearly identical variations with time. The relative magnitude of the variations decreases with increasing rigidity. The rigidity dependence of the He-3/He-4 flux ratio is measured for the first time. Below 4 GV, the He-3/He-4 flux ratio was found to have a significant long-term time dependence. Above 4 GV, the He-3/He-4 flux ratio was found to be time independent, and its rigidity dependence is well described by a single power law proportional to R-Delta with Delta = 0.294 0.004. Unexpectedly, this value is in agreement with the B/O and B/C spectral indices at high energies.

Published
2019

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