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The purpose of this research paper is to analyse the value-based management commitment of automotive enterprises and to examine the factors that explain the control parameters in automotive industry. There have been a few empirical studies published in the German’s automotive sector but most of the existing studies failed to provide evidence of utilisation of value-based management in the strategic management in the automotive sector. The German automotive industry’s development is closely related to global economic developments. Previous research work has considered control parameters of enterprises but there is little evidence on the factors that explain which control parameters are used in automotive industry. A survey based on annual reports from the year 2008 to 2011 is used. In total, 20 annual reports of automotive companies were analysed. The results show that automotive companies, especially Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) and listed suppliers, have committed to value-oriented management and have implemented value-oriented approaches. However, not all of the suppliers are communicating this in their reports. The results also show that Economic Value Added (EVA) is the leading key indicator in the automotive industry.

Menopause is increasingly – if finally – being acknowledged as an important workplace issue. Five experts from different fields discuss the social, business, legal and ethical cases for improving support at work for women transitioning through the menopause, and explain how to start and sustain the conversation with employers.\ud Menopause – when a woman stops having periods for good – is currently receiving an increasing amount of attention. Celebrities including Kirsty Wark, Davina McCall, Gillian Anderson, Jenny Eclair, Meg Mathews, Carol Vorderman and Cynthia Nixon have shared their experiences of this natural, and yet often taboo, mid-life transition with the wider world. Also noticeable is a groundswell among employers across a variety of sectors that are acknowledging the significant effects menopause symptoms …

Hintergrund: Schon lange übernehmen nichtärztliche Fachkräfte und speziell Medizinische Fachangestellte (MFA) in der Betreuung und Versorgung von onkologischen Patienten und deren Angehörigen wesentliche Teilaufgaben. Neue, angepasste Betreuungskonzepte richten sich in besonderer[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL], 51. Kongress für Allgemeinmedizin und Familienmedizin

We present simulations of atmospheric CO2 concentrations provided by two modeling systems, run at high spatial resolution: the Eulerian-based Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) model and the Lagrangian-based Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport (STILT) model, both of which are coupled to a diagnostic biospheric model, the Vegetation Photosynthesis and Respiration Model (VPRM). The consistency of the simulations is assessed with special attention paid to the details of horizontal as well as vertical transport and mixing of CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere. The dependence of model mismatch (Eulerian vs. Lagrangian) on models' spatial resolution is further investigated. A case study using airborne measurements during which two models showed large deviations from each other is analyzed in detail as an extreme case. Using aircraft observations and pulse release simulations, we identified differences in the representation of details in the interaction between turbulent mixing and advection through wind shear as the main cause of discrepancies between WRF and STILT transport at a spatial resolution such as 2 and 6 km. Based on observations and inter-model comparisons of atmospheric CO2 concentrations, we show that a refinement of the parameterization of turbulent velocity variance and Lagrangian time-scale in STILT is needed to achieve a better match between the Eulerian and the Lagrangian transport at such a high spatial resolution (e.g. 2 and 6 km). Nevertheless, the inter-model differences in simulated CO2 time series for a tall tower observatory at Ochsenkopf in Germany are about a factor of two smaller than the model-data mismatch and about a factor of three smaller than the mismatch between the current global model simulations and the data.

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether malocclusion is associated with oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in New Zealand adolescents. METHODS: Data from two cross-sectional epidemiological studies of adolescents in Taranaki and Otago were used. Each participant completed a self-administered questionnaire and underwent a clinical examination. Information collected included sociodemographic characteristics (sex, ethnicity and household deprivation), and clinical measures (caries and malocclusion, the latter measured with the Dental Aesthetic Index, or DAI). OHRQoL was measured using the validated 16-item impact short-form Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ11-14). Linear regression was used to model the CPQ11-14 score. RESULTS: 783 adolescents (52.6% male) took part. One-fifth had a handicapping malocclusion and one-third had a minor malocclusion or none. The overall mean DMFS was 2.3 (SD, 3.8), with slightly more than 50% being caries-free. With the exception of the oral symptoms domain, females presented with higher mean CPQ11-14 and domain scores, while Mãori had lower scores. There was a distinct gradient in mean CPQ11-14 and domain scores across the categories of malocclusion severity, whereby those in the 'handicapping' category of the DAI had the highest CPQ11-14 score. Linear regression modeling of the CPQ11-14 score showed that, after controlling for DMFS and socio-demographic characteristics, malocclusion category and being female were positively associated with higher CPQ11-14 scores. CONCLUSION: A severe malocclusion appears to have a negative impact on the OHRQoL of New Zealand adolescents.

The planned joint French‐German satellite mission MERLIN aims to measure columnintegrated atmospheric methane abundances using a spaceborne Integrated Path Differential Absorption (IPDA) lidar. The very small measurement footprint of the single shot measurements (~150 m) means that the sensor will be able to make measurements even in the presence of broken clouds. In order to attain the targeted measurement precision, many measurements, spaced roughly 600 m apart, will be averaged along a measurement path of approximately 50 km, resulting in a measurement footprint of 150 m by 50 km. This presents some unusual challenges for the validation of the measurement, particularly over regions with a great deal of heterogeneity in the sources. Furthermore, the planned dawn‐dusk orbit results in significant time offsets with measurements from the TCCON network, particularly in the winter and at higher latitudes, as the FTS measurements require a clear line‐of‐sight to the sun. In order to address the representativity of various in‐situ and ground‐based remote sensing measurement systems with respect to the MERLIN measurement, a series of mesoscale tracer transport simulations at resolutions of up to 2 km have been sub‐sampled in order to produce satellite pseudo‐data. These pseudo‐measurements are then compared to pseudo‐data created with sampling consistent with ground‐based remote sensing (TCCON‐like), routine profile measurement made by passenger aircraft (IAGOS‐like), balloon‐based profile measurements (AirCore‐like), and sampling consistent with a dedicated validation campaign. Results from mesoscale simulations over Europe, as well as regions of Western Siberia and the Amazon with significant wetland and biomass burning fluxes are considered in the study. The appropriateness of each type of measurement system for the validation of MERLIN measurements is assessed, including the length of time that would be required to develop sufficient coincidences in space and time to achieve a statistically significant comparison. Optimal strategies for dedicated validation campaigns are discussed. Finally, the results are upscaled globally, based on process‐based flux maps and heterogeneity observed in simulations of XCH4 using a global atmospheric tracer transport model. Comparisons to results for XCO2 are also presented.

The procedure to combine mathematical models with noise data, in order to improve numerical weather forecasting by statistical methods, is an important and challenging meteorology research field, known as data assimilation. The 3DVAR approach, state of the art in data assimilation technique, is applied in this study. The aim of present development is to evaluate the results of the data assimilation from INMET automatic weather stations and atmospheric soundings in the weather forecast produced by WRF model. The region of interest is the South of Brazil. The specific aim is to evaluate the assimilation procedure of two precipitation events occurred in 2012. This study is especially important, because the INMET automatic weather stations data are not transmitted by GTS. Therefore, these data were not assimilated by prediction systems generated by global models, such as GFS, which provides initial and boundary conditions for regional models, such as WRF. The results showed that the WRF with data assimilation procedure, reproduces satisfactorily the true synoptic scenario given by GFS model in the two cases evaluated, and produces better forecasts then WRF without data assimilation. The thermodynamic analysis showed that the WRF with data assimilation producing vertical profiles of air temperature and dew point temperature very close to the observed profiles. Additional experiments indicate that data assimilated from other sources, in addition to the INMET automatic weather stations and atmospheric soundings, as well as the increases of horizontal resolution in the integration of the WRF with inclusion of subset, provide significant improvements in weather forecasting fields. Рассмотрена процедура подачи на вход математической модели данных, сопровождаемых шумом, с целью улучшения статистическими методами моделирования метеорологических полей при прогнозировании погоды. Этот процесс, называемый ассимиляцией данных, является передовым методом в моделировании метеорологических полей. Подход 3DVAR, применяемый в представленном исследовании, является современной технологией ассимиляции данных. Поставлена цель оценить результаты ассимиляции данных сети автоматических станций и данных атмосферного зондирования Бразильского национального метеорологического института (INMET) для прогноза погоды с помощью модели WRF. Регион исследования – южная часть Бразилии. В частности, рассматриваются два события 2012 г., связанные с интенсивными осадками. Представленное исследование важно, поскольку данные автоматических станций INMET не поступают в глобальную телекоммуникационную систему и, следовательно, не используются при производстве прогноза глобальными прогностическими моделями, такими как GFS, которые рассчитывают начальные и граничные условия для региональных моделей, например, WRF. Результаты исследования показывают, что модель WRF с использованием ассимиляции данных в обоих рассмотренных случаях удовлетворительно воспроизводит синоптическую ситуацию, предоставляемую глобальной моделью GFS, и это воспроизведение лучше, чем без использования ассимиляции данных. Термодинамический анализ демонстрирует, что WRF с использованием ассимиляции данных воспроизводит вертикальные профили температуры и точки росы очень близко к наблюдаемым. Дополнительные эксперименты показывают, что усваиваемые данные из других источников в дополнении к данным INMET, а также увеличение пространственного разрешения по горизонтали при интегрировании в WRF с включением дополнительных наборов приводит к значительному улучшению прогнозируемых полей метеорологических величин. Vinicius Carvalho Beck, student of Graduate Program in Meteorology, Pelotas Federal University (Pelotas, RS, Brazil), vonoco@gmail.com. Yoshihiro Yamasaki, professor, Faculty of Meteorology, Pelotas Federal University (Pelotas, RS, Brazil), yamasaki@fis.ua.pt. Fabricio Pereira Harter, professor, Faculty of Meteorology, Pelotas Federal University (Pelotas, RS, Brazil), fabricio.harter@ufpel.edu.br. Винисиус Карвальо Бек, магистрант метеорологического факультета, Федеральный университет г. Пелотас, Бразилия. Йошихиро Ямазаки, преподаватель метеорологического факультета, Федеральный университет г. Пелотас, Бразилия. Фабрисио Перейра Хартер, преподаватель метеорологического факультета, Федеральный университет г. Пелотас, Бразилия.

INTRODUCTION: Adolescents with physical disabilities are prone to experience lowered self-esteem which can result in negative consequences for the individual as well as the community. It has been found that dancing may have positive emotional, social and developmental consequences. AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of wheelchair dancing on the self-esteem of adolescents with physical disabilities. METHODS: Twenty-four participants were involved in this quantitative study. A before-and-after experimental study design was used which included a control group. Structured interviews were conducted to obtain information from the participants. The experimental group participated in wheelchair dancing, while the control group did not. RESULTS: A difference between the two groups was observed with 72.7% of the intervention group displaying an increase in self-esteem, compared to 54.6% of the control group. Improved self-esteem manifested in, for example, an improvement in eye contact and sense of responsibility. CONCLUSION: The researchers concluded that wheelchair dancing may have a positive influence on the self-esteem of adolescents with physical disabilities.

The causes of renewed growth in the atmospheric CH4 burden since 2007 are still poorly understood and subject of intensive scientific discussion. We present a reanalysis of global CH4 emissions during the 2000s, based on the TM5-4DVAR inverse modeling system. The model is optimized using high-accuracy surface observations from NOAA ESRL's global air sampling network for 2000-2010 combined with retrievals of column-averaged CH4 mole fractions from SCIAMACHY onboard ENVISAT (starting 2003).Using climatological OH fields, derived global total emissions for 2007-2010 are 16-20 Tg CH 4/yr higher compared to 2003-2005. Most of the inferred emission increase was located in the tropics (9-14 Tg CH4/yr) and mid-latitudes of the northern hemisphere (6-8 Tg CH4/yr), while no significant trend was derived for Arctic latitudes. The atmospheric increase can be attributed mainly to increased anthropogenic emissions, but the derived trend is significantly smaller than estimated in the EDGARv4.2 emission inventory. Superimposed on the increasing trend in anthropogenic CH4 emissions are significant inter-annual variations (IAV) of emissions from wetlands (up to ±10 Tg CH4/yr), and biomass burning (up to ±7 Tg CH4/yr). Sensitivity experiments, which investigated the impact of the SCIAMACHY observations (versus inversions using only surface observations), of the OH fields used, and of a priori emission inventories, resulted in differences in the detailed latitudinal attribution of CH4 emissions, but the IAV and trends aggregated over larger latitude bands were reasonably robust. All sensitivity experiments show similar performance against independent shipboard and airborne observations used for validation, except over Amazonia where satellite retrievals improved agreement with observations in the free troposphere. Key Points A reanalysis of global CH4 emissions during the 2000s is presented derived global total emissions 2007-2010 16-20 Tg CH4/yr higher than 2003-2005 increase mainly in the tropics and NH mid-latitudes ©2013. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.

The Amazon region, being a large source of methane (CH4), contributes significantly to the global annual CH4 budget. For the first time, a forward and inverse modelling framework on regional scale for the purpose of assessing the CH4 budget of the Amazon region is implemented. Here, we present forward simulations of CH4 as part of the forward and inverse modelling framework based on a modified version of the Weather Research and Forecasting model with chemistry that allows for passive tracer transport of CH4, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide (WRF-GHG), in combination with two different process-based bottom-up models of CH4 emissions from anaerobic microbial production in wetlands and additional datasets prescribing CH4 emissions from other sources such as biomass burning, termites, or other anthropogenic emissions. We compare WRFGHG simulations on 10 km horizontal resolution to flask and continuous CH4 observations obtained during two airborne measurement campaigns within the Balanc¸o Atmosf´erico Regional de Carbono na Amazˆonia (BARCA) project in November 2008 and May 2009. In addition, three different wetland inundation maps, prescribing the fraction of inundated area per grid cell, are evaluated. Our results indicate that the wetland inundation maps based on remote-sensing data represent the observations best except for the northern part of the Amazon basin and the Manaus area. WRF-GHG was able to represent the observed CH4 mixing ratios best at days with less convective activity. After adjusting wetland emissions to match the averaged observed mixing ratios of flights with little convective activity, the monthly CH4 budget for the Amazon basin obtained from four different simulations ranges from 1.5 to 4.8 Tg for November 2008 and from 1.3 to 5.5 Tg for May 2009. This corresponds to an average CH4 flux of 9–31 mgm−2 d−1 for November 2008 and 8–36 mgm−2 d−1 for May 2009., JRC.H.2-Air and Climate