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Objetivo: Examinar a relação da hiperglicemia e da pressão arterial com o prognóstico neurológico de pacientes com hematoma intraparenquimatoso encefálico espontâneo, relacionado à hipertensão arterial. Método: Estudamos, retrospectivamente, a evolução clínica de 100 pacientes com hematoma intraparenquimatoso encefálico espontâneo submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico para drenagem do hematoma, na Santa Casa de São Paulo, no período de janeiro de 2000 a dezembro de 2004. Os pacientes foram subdivididos em dois grupos: um grupo de evolução favorável (escores 4 e 5 na Escala de Prognóstico Neurológico) e outro desfavorável (escores 1, 2 e 3 na Escala de Prognóstico Neurológico). Resultados: Os doentes com evolução neurológica desfavorável apresentaram níveis significativamente maiores de glicemia e de pressão arterial, tanto na admissão quanto na evolução pós-operatória. Os pacientes com prognóstico neurológico favorável foram significativamente mais jovens, admitidos com a pontuação na Escala de Coma de Glasgow significativamente maior (em média, acima de 12) e apresentaram período de internação mais prolongado. Conclusão: A hiperglicemia e a hipertensão arterial sistêmica são componentes freqüentes nas lesões neurológicas, sendo indicadores significativos de gravidade e confiáveis para a avaliação do prognóstico neurológico.

Abstract Background The genus Arachis comprises 80 species and it is subdivided into nine taxonomic sections (Arachis, Caulorrhizae, Erectoides, Extranervosae, Heteranthae, Procumbentes, Rhizomatosae, Trierectoides, and Triseminatae). This genus is naturally confined to South America and most of its species are native to Brazil. In order to provide a better understanding of the evolution of the genus, we reconstructed the phylogeny of 45 species using the variation observed on nucleotide sequences in internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS1 and ITS2) and 5.8 S of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Results Intraspecific variation was detected, but in general it was not enough to place accessions of the same species in different clades. Our data support the view that Arachis is a monophyletic group and suggested Heteranthae as the most primitive section of genus Arachis. The results confirmed the circumscriptions of some sections (Caulorrhizae, Extranervosae), but raised questions about others. Sections Erectoides, Trierectoides and Procumbentes were not well defined, while sections Arachis and Rhizomatosae seem to include species that could be moved to different sections. The division of section Arachis into A and B genome species was also observed in the phylogenetic tree and these two groups of species may not have a monophyletic origin. The 2n = 2x = 18 species of section Arachis (A. praecox, A. palustris and A. decora) were all placed in the same clade, indicating they are closely related to each other, and their genomes are more related to B genome than to the A genome. Data also allowed insights on the origin of tetraploid A. glabrata, suggesting rhizome appeared twice within the genus and raising questions about the placement of that species in section Rhizomatosae. Conclusion The main clades established in this study in general agreed with many other studies that have used other types of evidences and sets of species, being some of them included in our study and some not. Thus, the relationships established can be a useful framework for future systematic reviews of genus Arachis and for the selection of species to pre-breeding programs.

Two substrates, a non-composted grain spawn substrate and a traditional composted substrate, each covered with peat-based casing that contained varying amounts of activated carbon (AC) and each receiving different heat-treatment durations, were tested for Agaricus bisporus mushroom production. The amounts of AC were 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% v/v, and the heat treatments were 0, 60, and 180 min at 121 degrees C and 103.4 kPa. Overall, the addition of AC up to 10-15% of casing for a grain spawn substrate increased mushroom yield. However, the addition of AC to the casing for compost substrates had no significant effect on yield, whereas heat-treating the casing increased yield. The onset of fruiting was retarded in grain spawn treatments not receiving AC with heat-treatment durations of 60 and 180 min, whereas this effect was not as apparent for the compost substrates. On average, mushroom yield was greater for the grain spawn substrate (366 g) than for compost substrate (287 g). For grain spawn substrate, the results show that the addition of AC ranging from 5% to 10% was adequate for maximum mushroom production.