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Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) is a clinical–pathological scenario that occurs due to the accumulation of triglycerides in hepatocytes which is considered a significant cause of liver conditions and contributes to an increased risk of death worldwide. Even though the possible causes of MAFLD can involve the interaction of genetics, hormones, and nutrition, lifestyle (diet and sedentary lifestyle) is the most influential factor in developing this condition. Polyphenols comprise many natural chemical compounds that can be helpful in managing metabolic diseases. Therefore, the aim of this review was to investigate the impact of oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the role of polyphenols in managing MAFLD. Some polyphenols can reverse part of the liver damage related to inflammation, oxidative stress, or mitochondrial dysfunction, and among them are anthocyanin, baicalin, catechin, curcumin, chlorogenic acid, didymin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, luteolin, mangiferin, puerarin, punicalagin, resveratrol, and silymarin. These compounds have actions in reducing plasma liver enzymes, body mass index, waist circumference, adipose visceral indices, lipids, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance, and the HOMA index. They also reduce nuclear factor-KB (NF-KB), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), blood pressure, liver fat content, steatosis index, and fibrosis. On the other hand, they can improve HDL-c, adiponectin levels, and fibrogenesis markers. These results show that polyphenols are promising in the prevention and treatment of MAFLD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The triad of vascular impairment, muscle atrophy, and cognitive decline represents critical age-related conditions that significantly impact health. Vascular impairment disrupts blood flow, precipitating the muscle mass reduction seen in sarcopenia and the decline in neuronal function characteristic of neurodegeneration. Our limited understanding of the intricate relationships within this triad hinders accurate diagnosis and effective treatment strategies. This review analyzes the interrelated mechanisms that contribute to these conditions, with a specific focus on oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and impaired nutrient delivery. The aim is to understand the common pathways involved and to suggest comprehensive therapeutic approaches. Vascular dysfunctions hinder the circulation of blood and the transportation of nutrients, resulting in sarcopenia characterized by muscle atrophy and weakness. Vascular dysfunction and sarcopenia have a negative impact on physical function and quality of life. Neurodegenerative diseases exhibit comparable pathophysiological mechanisms that affect cognitive and motor functions. Preventive and therapeutic approaches encompass lifestyle adjustments, addressing oxidative stress, inflammation, and integrated therapies that focus on improving vascular and muscular well-being. Better understanding of these links can refine therapeutic strategies and yield better patient outcomes. This study emphasizes the complex interplay between vascular dysfunction, muscle degeneration, and cognitive decline, highlighting the necessity for multidisciplinary treatment approaches. Advances in this domain promise improved diagnostic accuracy, more effective therapeutic options, and enhanced preventive measures, all contributing to a higher quality of life for the elderly population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autoimmune and inflammatory diseases affect innumerous people and are considered a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and Curcuma sp can work as important therapies in the approach of these diseases. For this reason the aim of this review is to evaluate the effects of Curcuma or curcumin in five autoimmune and/or inflammatory diseases for instance, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Osteoarthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematous, Psoriasis, and Sclerosis. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched and PRISMA guidelines were used to build this systematic review. Curcuma sp or curcumin have been gaining ground in the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases due to the wide range of bioactive compounds capable of exerting substantial anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions. The effects can be associated with improvement of symptoms and induction of remission in Inflammatory Bowel Disease patients; reduction of erythema and induration of lesions in psoriasis; and slow down the disease progression in patients with sclerosis. Furthermore, curcumin shows effects equivalent to ibuprofen and diclofenac, without the adverse effects generally reported by patients. Curcuma or its derivatives can be used safely and efficiently as adjuvants or as a main therapy for these diseases that increase year by year in the world population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a chronic non‐infective syndrome characterised clinically by a set of vascular risk factors that include insulin resistance, hypertension, abdominal obesity, impaired glucose metabolism, and dyslipidaemia. These risk factors are due to a pro‐inflammatory state, oxidative stress, haemodynamic dysfunction, and ischaemia, which overlap in 'dysmetabolic' patients. This review aimed to evaluate the relationship between the traditional components of MS with cardiovascular disease (CVD), inflammation, and oxidative stress. MEDLINE‐PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched. Chronic low‐grade inflammatory states and metaflammation are often accompanied by metabolic changes directly related to CVD incidence, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity. Moreover, the metaflammation is characterised by an increase in the serum concentration of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, mainly interleukin‐1 β (IL‐1β), IL‐6, and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), originating from the chronically inflamed adipose tissue and associated with oxidative stress. The increase of reactive oxygen species overloads the antioxidant systems causing post‐translational alterations of proteins, lipids, and DNA leading to oxidative stress. Hyperglycaemia contributes to the increase in oxidative stress and the production of advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) which are related to cellular and molecular dysfunction. Oxidative stress and inflammation are associated with cellular senescence and CVD. CVD should not be seen only as being triggered by classical MS risk factors. Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial pathological process with several triggering and aetiopathogenic mechanisms. Its medium and long‐term repercussions, however, invariably constitute a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Implementing preventive and therapeutic measures against oxy‐reductive imbalances and metaflammation states has unquestionable potential for favourable clinical outcomes in cardiovascular medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the association between parameters of hyperferritinemia (HF) and metabolic syndrome (MS) in patients at cardiovascular risk. Patients and Methods: This is a cross-sectional analytical observational study that included 269 patients who attended a cardiology unit. Biochemical and anthropometric parameters were evaluated to identify the presence of HF and MS. The presence of MS was evaluated according to NCEP ATP III. Biochemical parameters (glycemia, triglycerides, HDL-c) were assessed according to the manufacturer's protocols. Anthropometric measurements and blood pressure measurements were made by a trained professional. The chi-square (X2) test, odds ratio, normality distribution (verified by the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test), and Levene's test were used to analyze the variables. To evaluate the effect of MS, HF, and the interaction between MS and HF, two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed based on the homogeneity of the variances, followed by Bonferroni's post hoc comparisons. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between quantitative variables. A multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the effect of covariables. A logistic regression model was built to analyze the variables that contribute significantly to predict the outcome (HF) using the backward method. Results: Our results showed that 57% of men and 49.5% of women presented with MS; 44% of men and 11% of women presented with HF. The presence of MS and hypertriglyceridemia increase the probability of having HF by up to 2.1 and 1.88 times, respectively, while for male sex it is increased by 6.2 times. Patients with HF have higher values of C-reactive protein, ferritin, and transferrin saturation, regardless of the presence of MS. The linear regression analysis model indicated that the variables considered in this study explain less than 30% of the variation in ferritin and that the presence of MS in men is responsible for 22% of the variation in the probability of the occurrence of HF. Conclusion: Our results show that hyperferritinemia is closely associated with the components of MS (positive correlation with glycemia, triglycerides levels, blood pressure, and waist circumference, and negative correlation with HDL-c values) in the studied population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: High Blood Pressure (HBP), Diabetes Mellitus (DM), Metabolic Syndrome (MS) and Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) are among the main causes of death worldwide and HBP is one of the world's most common chronic health problem representing an important and modifiable risk factor for vascular events, and mortality. Aim: To study the association among high sensitivity CRP levels and the biochemical and anthropometric profile in hypertensive and non-hypertensive patients underwent arteriography. Materials and Methods: This research was performed at the Haemodynamic Laboratory of the University Hospital in the city of Marilia - state of São Paulo, Brazil. Ninety-five subjects underwent arteriography were included. Anthropometric (body mass index and waist circumference) and biochemical parameters (glycaemia, total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, triglycerides, and high sensitivity C reactive protein), were evaluated. Blood pressure, atherogenic indices, diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, and catheterization report were also performed. Statistical analysis was performed with Chi-square test, Fisher, Student t-test and ANOVA complemented by Tukey test. Results: Our results showed that 78.95% of the patients underwent arteriography suffered from HBP. Hypertensive individuals possess significantly higher glycaemia (124.14±45.33) or DM, higher values of triglycerides (195.27±74.52), waist circumference (98.52±12.52), body mass index (29.99±1.41) and hs-CRP (0.53±0.44). Most hypertensive patients (93.33%) present MS and are related to the presence of more severe lesions in the arteries and passed through more invasive procedures like angioplasty and surgery. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the blood pressure control is of paramount importance to ensure better quality of life and life expectancy since it is associated with several risk factors that increase the morbidity and mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adjuvants to the traditional therapy of infl ammatory bowel disease (IBD) have been studied to enhance the effi cacy of the treatment and improve patients' quality of life. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (?3FA) have been associated with attenuation of the infl ammatory responses in IBD, possibly acting as substrates for anti-infl ammatory eicosanoid production, similar to prostaglandins and leukotrienes. ?3FA also act as substrates for the synthesis of resolvins, maresins and protectins, indispensable in resolving infl ammation processes. Th ese acids may infl uence the development or course of IBD by: reducing oxidative stress, production of tumor necrosis factor-a and proinfl ammatory cytokines; working as chemopreventive agents; and decreasing the expression of adhesion molecules. Th ere are numerous controversies in the literature on the eff ects of ω3FA in the prevention or treatment of IBD, but their eff ects in reducing infl ammation is incontestable. Th erefore, more studies are warranted to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms and establish the recommended daily intake to prevent or induce remission in IBD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]