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A 40-year-old woman presented with acute-onset colicky abdominal pain. On physical examination, the patient was afebrile with a heart rate of 95 beats per minute. Abdomen was soft with tenderness in the periumbilical location. No rebound tenderness or guarding was noted. There was no palpable mass.

Introduction Prospectively gated 64‐slice CT coronary angiography (CTCA) may be contraindicated for heart rates (HRs) over 65 beats per minute (bpm) due to reduced diagnostic sensitivity. Newer CT scanners typically provide 128 or more slices and superior temporal resolution compared with older models; consequently, diagnostic accuracy for current technology prospectively gated CTCA may be adequate at HRs above 65 bpm. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of CTCA using 128‐slice or greater CT technology when compared with conventional coronary angiography for patients with HRs >65 bpm. Methods A systematic search of PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE and Scopus was performed as well as unpublished databases, sources and reference lists. Titles and abstracts were screened by two independent reviewers. Full‐text screening was then performed. Studies that determined diagnostic accuracy of coronary artery stenosis in adult patients with high heart rates utilising prospectively gated 128 detector or greater scanners were included. Studies that were included in the review underwent critical appraisal using the QUADAS‐2 tool. Results Ten studies were included in the systematic review, with nine of these included in a diagnostic test accuracy meta‐analysis, including six of which reported data at the patient level. Meta‐analysis indicated very high pooled sensitivity 100% (95% CI 0.99, 1.00); however, pooled specificity was less at 79% (95% CI 0.69, 0.88). Conclusions Prospectively gated CT coronary angiography may be justifiable at heart rates above 65 bpm if performed on a 128‐slice or greater CT unit. Caution regarding the implication of a positive result is recommended due to reduced specificity. Further evidence is required before consideration of a new higher heart threshold., High heart rates create challenges for prospectively‐gated CT coronary angiography. A systematic review and meta‐analysis were undertaken to identify the effect of high heart rate (>65 bpm) on diagnostic accuracy. The review found diagnostic sensitivity remains high at higher heart rates 100% (95%CI 0.99, 1.00), however, specificity was shown to be less reliable at 79% (95%CI 0.69, 0.88). Where standard heart rate control is contraindicated or ineffective, prospectively‐gated CT coronary angiography using 128‐slice or greater CT scanners may be justifiable.

The use of material conveyances that are not in accordance with the concept of ergonomics harm the human body. Repair of work brushes by applying ergonomics to material conveyances can reduce the risk category. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of material conveyance on reducing workload, musculoskeletal disorders, increasing productivity and performance. The study was conducted using the same subject design method with a sample of 16 workers. The data were analyzed by paired t-test with a significant level of p

Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a life-threatening clinical syndrome of hypermetabolism involving the skeletal muscle. It is triggered in susceptible individuals primarily by volatile inhalational anesthetic agents and the muscle relaxant succinylcholine. MH affects humans, certain pig breeds, dogs, horses, and probably other animals. The classic signs of MH include A dramatic rise in body temperature, rigid or painful muscles, especially in the jaw, flushed skin, sweating, an abnormally rapid or irregular heartbeat, rapid breathing or uncomfortable breathing, brown or cola-colored urine, very low blood pressure (shock), confusion and muscle weakness or swelling after the event. The syndrome is likely to be fatal if untreated. This study therefore assessed the effects of sevoflurane gas on the vital signs of Cavia porcellus with malignant hyperthermia. For the determination of malignant hyperthermia, 50, 15 day-old weaned kits of Peru breed were placed in an anesthesia chamber for 5 minutes and subjected to a mixture of air with 3% sevoflurane gas. Only 6% of them reacted positively, while most of them, 94%, were negative. The average body temperature of the positive kits was 38.9ºC, oscillating between 38.7 and 39.1 ° C, while the negative ones averaged 37.9 ° C. The positive kits had an average of 142.3 breaths per minute compared to the negative ones, which was determined to be 83.7. The number of heart beats per minute in the kits with a positive reaction to sevoflurane averaged 205 and the negative ones 119.5. Muscle tremors were observed throughout the body during exposure of the positive kits to sevoflurane gas. It is concluded that for every 16 guinea pigs, 1 will react to the sevoflurane gas exposure positive due to the result obtained from the vital sign. Only the positive ones presented muscle tremors. L'hyperthermie maligne (HM) est un syndrome clinique d'hypermétabolisme mettant en jeu le pronostic vital impliquant le muscle squelettique. Elle est déclenchée chez les individus sensibles principalement par des agents anesthésiques volatils par inhalation et le relaxant musculaire succinylcholine. MH affecte les humains, certaines races de porcs, les chiens, les chevaux et probablement d'autres animaux. Les signes classiques de MH comprennent une augmentation spectaculaire de la température corporelle, des muscles rigides ou douloureux, en particulier dans la mâchoire, une peau rougeoyante, une transpiration, un rythme cardiaque anormalement rapide ou irrégulier, une respiration rapide ou une respiration inconfortable, une urine brune ou de couleur cola, très faible tension artérielle (choc), confusion et faiblesse ou gonflement musculaire après l'événement. Le syndrome estsusceptible d'être fatal s'il n'est pas traité. Cette étude a donc évalué les effets du gaz sévoflurane sur les signes vitaux de Cavia porcellus avec hyperthermie maligne. Pour la détermination de l'hyperthermie maligne, 50 chatons sevrés de 15 jours de race Pérou ont été placés dans une chambre d'anesthésie pendant 5 minutes et soumis à un mélange d'air avec 3% de sévoflurane. Seuls 6 % d'entre eux ont réagi positivement, alors que la plupart d'entre eux, 94 %, ont été négatifs. La température corporelle moyenne des kits positifs était de 38,9 ° C, oscillant entre 38,7 et 39,1 ° C, tandis que les kits négatifs étaient en moyenne de 37,9 ° C. Les kits positifs avaient une moyenne de 142,3 respirations par minute par rapport aux négatifs, ce qui a été déterminé à être 83,7. Le nombre de battements cardiaques par minute dans les kits avec une réaction positive au sévoflurane était en moyenne de 205 et ceux négatifs de 119,5. Des tremblements musculaires ont été observés dans tout le corps pendant l'exposition des kits positifs au sévoflurane. Il est conclu que pour 16 cobayes, 1 réagira positivement à l'exposition au gaz sévoflurane en raison du résultat obtenu à partir du signe vital. Seuls les positifs présentaient des tremblements musculaires.

Accurate measurement and timely communication of vital signs is critical to determine health status of patients in the hospital. Absence of reliable vital signs values or delay in their communication leads to medical errors which often result in life threatening situation. This is caused mainly by the manual nature of current monitoring practices and large patient to nurse ratio in under-resourced clinical settings. The neonatology department faces major issues in this regard as ill and/or premature new-born infants require constant monitoring to avoid any subsequent adverse event. To address this issue, an affordable and automated system to continuously measure three important vital signs; temperature, pulse rate, and pulse oxygen concentration using microelectronics and Internet of things is presented here. The system measures the vital signs using wearable sensors and communicates the data wirelessly with maximum error of 0.1 °C temperature, 0.6 % oxygen saturation, and 0.8 beats per minute(BPM) in pulse rate. It also automatically alarms to indicate life-threatening conditions based upon the values of these vital signs. The overall system costs only 7000 PKR (45 USD) and it can be reused across patients due to its wearable nature. It is a compact, smart and easy to handle system having approximate weight and dimensions of 50g and $190\times 85\times20$ mm respectively. The results presented here will enable widespread adoption of the system

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of heat stress on the physiology of dairy cows and to detect the relationship between rectal temperature (RT) and respiration rate (RR), heart rate (HR), and plasma concentrations of cortisol, thyroxine, and prolactin. During the experiment, 44 Holstein cows were allocated to two groups for each season. The average temperature-humidity index (THI) values were 55 ± 2.31 in winter and 78 ± 1.9 in summer. As the THI values increased from 55 to 78, RR rose by 35 inspirations per minute, HR by 3 beats per minute, and RT by 1.2 °C. In addition, the average concentration of cortisol increased from 19.30 to 21.04 nmol/L, and prolactin from 58.52 to 129.79 ngm/L, whereas free thyroxine decreased from 15.43 to 14.01 pmol/L. Plasma sodium and potassium concentrations were similar in the two seasons. These results confirmed that RT is an indicator of the response in dairy cows to hot environmental temperatures. However, they also showed signs of stress, which were reflected in higher levels of cortisol and in certain physiological responses.

Introduction Photoplethysmography (PPG) in wearable sensors potentially plays an important role in accessible heart rhythm monitoring. We investigated the accuracy of a state-of-the-art bracelet (Corsano 287) for heartbeat detection in cardiac patients and evaluated the efficacy of a signal qualifier in identifying medically useful signals. Methods Patients from an outpatient cardiology clinic underwent a simultaneous resting ECG and PPG recording, which we compared to determine accuracy of the PPG sensor for detecting heartbeats within 100 and 50 ms of the ECG-detected heart beats and correlation and Limits of Agreement for heartrate (HR) and RR-intervals. We defined subgroups for skin type, hair density, age, BMI and gender and applied a previously described signal qualifier. Results In 180 patients 7914 ECG-, and 7880 (99%) PPG-heartbeats were recorded. The PPG-accuracy within 100 ms was 94.6% (95% CI 94.1–95.1) and 89.2% (95% CI 88.5–89.9) within 50 ms. Correlation was high for HR (R = 0.991 (95% CI 0.988–0.993), n = 180) and RR-intervals (R = 0.891 (95% CI 0.886–0.895), n = 7880). The 95% Limits of Agreement (LoA) were −3.89 to 3.77 (mean bias 0.06) beats per minute for HR and −173 to 171 (mean bias −1) for RR-intervals. Results were comparable across all subgroups. The signal qualifier led to a higher accuracy in a 100 ms range (98.2% (95% CI 97.9–98.5)) (n = 143). Conclusion We showed that the Corsano 287 Bracelet with PPG-technology can determine HR and RR-intervals with high accuracy in cardiovascular at-risk patient population among different subgroups, especially with a signal quality indicator.

Since 1953, sinus tachycardia has been defined as a heart rate (HR) in sinus rhythm of >100 beats per minute (bpm). However, this number has never been formally evaluated, and no established threshold values for special groups, such as those with heart failure (HF) accompanied by a reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Herein, we provided evidence that lowering the HR of patients with HFrEF to

A baby incubator is a heating device for premature babies so that the baby's temperature matches the temperature in the mother's womb. Premature babies are babies born in abnormal conditions where the baby's body size is below average or the gestational age has not reached 9 months. The aim of this study was to create a compact system at a low cost in an infant incubator. Apart from stabilizing the temperature, it can also calculate the premature baby's heart rate and oxygen saturation value. The contribution of the system being built can detect the early symptoms of congenital abnormalities so that abnormalities detection becomes more practical. The temperature stability in this system uses a threshold system, where the sensor readings are compared with the set point value. Meanwhile, the SpO2 system uses a finger sensor attached to the baby's finger to detect oxygen saturation and heart rate. The signal from the sensor is processed in a signal conditioning circuit consisting of an astable circuit, filter and amplifier, LPF, and demultiplexer. Based on the results of testing and measurement, the difference produced by this tool is only 0.13 - 0.182 ° C. The biggest error in the system is 0.517%. Measurement of skin temperature was carried out on 10 respondents with an average value of 34.825 ° C. so that the difference generated from this tool is only 0.175 ° C, the difference on the Humidity parameter is 0.21%. The average BPM reading of respondent 1 was 81 beats per minute and the average SpO2 value was 97%. The average BPM reading of respondent 2 was 83 beats per minute and the average SpO2 value was 98%. You can see that the module with the Arduino control system can work automatically and is able to adjust the stability of the baby incubator according to the settings. In addition, the BPM and SpO2 systems are within tolerance so they can be used for patient measurements

Aim. Aim of our study was the assessment of autonomic nervous system (ANS) modulation by assessment of heart rhythm variation (HRV) using Holter monitoring after single second generation cryoballoon ablation (CBA) for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF).Methods. Patients who underwent the CBA for paroxysmal AF were include in this study. At the baseline the Holter monitoring after withdrawal of antiarrhythmic therapy (AAT) with assessment of HRV: SDNN, RMSSD, ln LF, ln LH, LH/HF, mean, minimal and maximal beats per minute (BPM) was perform. Follow-up was based on outpatient clinic visits at 3, 6, and 12 months including Holter monitoring.Results. Among 80 patients underwent CBA, HRV was assessed in 55 patients (65.5% male, age median 61 years, 97.7% of pulmonary vein have been successful isolated). One year after CBA all HRV parameters and the mean, minimal and maximal BPM was significantly different from baseline parameters (pConclusion. Our study demonstrated that CBA leads to modulation of ANS which persists for at least 12 months. The early recurrence of AF was only predictor of AF recurrence after CBA.

Purpose: To present a case report of an elite ultra-endurance cyclist, who was the winner and course record holder of 2 distinct races within a 4-month span: a 24-hour solo cycling race and a 2-man team multiday race (Race Across America). Methods: The athlete’s raw data (cycling power, heart rate [HR], speed, and distance) were obtained and analyzed for 2 ultra-endurance races and 11 weeks of training in between. Results: For the 24-hour race, the athlete completed 861.6 km (average speed 35.9 km·h−1, average power 210 W [2.8 W·kg−1], average HR 121 beats per minute) with a 37% decrease in power and a 22% decrease in HR throughout the race. During the 11 weeks between the 24-hour race and Race Across America, training intensity distribution (Zone 1/2/3) based on HR was 51%/39%/10%. For the Race Across America, total team time to complete the 4939-km race was 6 days, 10 hours, 39 minutes, at an average speed of 31.9 km·h−1. Of this, the athlete featured in this case study rode 75.2 hours, completing 2532 km (average speed 33.7 km·h−1, average power 203 W [2.7 W·kg−1]), with a 12% decrease in power throughout the race. Power during daytime segments was greater than nighttime (212 [25] vs 189 [18] W, P ). Conclusions: This case report highlights the performance requirements of elite ultra-endurance cycling. Although average power was similar when riding for 24 hours continuously and 75 hours intermittently over 6.5 days, there were large differences in pacing strategies and within-day power-output changes.

The effects of the latex extract of Jatropha curcas on mortality rate, opercular ventilation rate and some behavioural responses of Oreochromis niloticus juveniles were investigated under laboratory conditions over a 96 hours exposure period. Juveniles of Oreochromis niloticus (Trewavas) were exposed in plastic aquaria to 0.00mg.l-1 (control), 10mg.l-1, 15mg.l-1, 20mg.l-1, 25mg.l-1 and 30mg.l-1. Their opercular beats per minute, tail fin beats per minute, mortality and probit kill were determined. Symptoms of toxicosis observed include agitated swimming, loss of equilibrium, air gulping, periods of quiescence and death. Within 24 hours the opercular ventilation beats and tail fin beats of the exposed fish were significantly higher than in control fish (p

Purpose: To describe the heart-rate (HR) response during a prolonged, submaximal, multirepetition swimming bout (ie, typical early-season swimming training), as there is currently little or no literature on this topic. Methods: A total of 12 collegiate swimmers were instructed to complete sixty 91.4-m (100-yd) freestyle repetitions at their fastest sustainable pace, allowing between 5 and 10 seconds of rest between repetitions. Each swimmer was outfitted with a cardiotachometer, which monitored HR throughout the trial. Completion time (CT) was also recorded for each repetition. Individual means of HR and CT were calculated, and linear mixed models were used to determine the trend across repetitions and between- and within-subject SD for HR and CT. Results: The mean (SD) value for HR was 167.8 (10.8) beats per minute (bpm), for CT was 68.7 (4.1) seconds, and for percentage of best time was 71.2% (4.5%). There was no change (Δ rep 55–6) in HR (−0.1 bpm; 95% confidence interval, −6.8 to 6.6 bpm; P = .97), whereas CT increased (3.0 s; 95% confidence interval, 1.5–4.4 s; P = .001). The between-subjects SD (95% confidence interval) for HR was 12.6 (8.4–19.3 bpm) and for CT was 4.6 (3.1–7.0 s). The within-subject SDs for HR and CT were 4.0 (3.8–4.3 bpm) and 0.9 (0.8–0.95 s), respectively. Conclusions: The inherent individual variability between swimmers in HR during training suggests that coaches carefully consider the common practice of prescribing workout intensity using rigid HR zones.

The normal physiologic range of QRS complex duration spans between 80 and 125 ms with known differences between females and males which cannot be explained by the anatomical variations of heart sizes. To investigate the reasons for the sex differences as well as for the wide range of normal values, a technology is proposed based on the singular value decomposition and on the separation of different orthogonal components of the QRS complex. This allows classification of the proportions of different components representing the 3-dimensional representation of the electrocardiographic signal as well as classification of components that go beyond the 3-dimensional representation and that correspond to the degree of intricate convolutions of the depolarisation sequence. The technology was applied to 382,019 individual 10-s ECG samples recorded in 639 healthy subjects (311 females and 328 males) aged 33.8 ± 9.4 years. The analyses showed that QRS duration was mainly influenced by the proportions of the first two orthogonal components of the QRS complex. The first component demonstrated statistically significantly larger proportion of the total QRS power (expressed by the absolute area of the complex in all independent ECG leads) in females than in males (64.2 ± 11.6% vs 59.7 ± 11.9%, p

This study aimed to characterize the clinical utilization of tranexamic acid (TXA) by paramedics in British Columbia (BC) for acute major trauma and to quantify the percentage of patients who received TXA among those who met the indications for administration. A quality assurance review of eligible trauma patients across the province was performed using a convenience sample. Trauma patients between April 1, 2016 and March 31, 2017 with suspected or actual hemorrhage were selected if they met inclusion criteria (systolic blood pressure 120 beats per minute) and exclusion criteria (age

The technology of vital signs detection has been proven of great use, whereas it is still limited by several challenges. One of the major challenges is the random body movements (RBMs), which significantly degrade the accuracy of the measurement. In this paper, a multi-channel 77GHz linear frequency modulated continuous-wave (LFMCW) radar system is investigated to perform vital signs monitoring on multiple targets with the mitigation of RBMs and a novel vital signs detection scheme is provided for the accurate estimates of the respiration rate (RR) and heart rate (HR). In the proposed scheme, a multi-channel Kalman smoother is firstly proposed to address the outliers in the extracted phase histories from the echoes in the multiple receivers, so that enhanced outlier-robust phase histories are acquired for the subsequent estimates of the RR and HR. Furthermore, a novel regional hidden Markov model is then proposed to carry out accurate estimates of RR and HR by exploiting the underlying slowly-varying characteristics of these vital signs for further mitigation of the effects of RBMs. Experimental results demonstrate that the estimated errors in the proposed scheme are less than 2 beats per minute (bpm) for both RR and HR under normal scenarios with young men in the RBMs environment.

Background: Yogic breathing also called as “Pranayama” is practiced with inhalation (Pooraka), holding the breath for some time (Kumbhaka) and then exhalation (Rechaka). The effective methods of yogic breathing keep oneself healthy and also improves immunity power. The yogic breathing can be practiced irrespective of one's age and gender and even in the office which helps to reduce the stress. To get the best results through yoga, a person has to follow certain timings and sit in a correct posture. Although many devices are existing in the market to monitor heart rate, posture and breathing during physical activity, there is a need of a device which is simple, cheap, and easy to use without an additional requirement of a smartphone. Moreover, the proposed device is able to evaluate the breathing data by transmitting it to a webpage through a Wi-Fi hotspot of the Microcontroller. Methods: The developed device has two subsystems: (i) A wrist subsystem to measure the heart rate, visual aid of breathing and vibration feedback for kapalabhati. (ii) A waist subsystem to monitor the posture with help of flex sensor and the results are displayed on the display of the wrist device. It also provides vibration feedback. The inertial measurement unit is used for breath detection. The subsystems are communicated through SPI communication. The breathing data are transmitted to a webpage through a Wi-Fi hotspot of the microcontroller. Results: The various yogic breathing and normal breathing exercises are tested on different normal subjects using the developed device and analyzed. The heart rate and beats per minute are evaluated. The heart rate sensor is validated using a standard medical device and it is observed that there was a 97.4% accuracy. Conclusion: The results show that the device is able to accurately monitor different kinds of breathing and additionally provide heart rate and posture information while performing the breathing exercises.

El síndrome de Wolff Parkinson White ocurre por la presencia de vías accesorias que comunican anormalmente las aurículas con los ventrículos, es una de las principales causas de taquicardia paroxística supraventricular en jóvenes y adolescentes, en quienes el manejo ideal es la ablación con catéter. Este síndrome también puede presentarse en pacientes de menor edad como neonatos y lactantes, en donde las opciones terapéuticas son distintas. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 47 días de vida que ingresó a un hospital pediátrico público de Perú presentando vómitos, a su ingreso mostró una frecuencia cardiaca de 250 latidos por minuto; se logró documentar taquicardia de complejos QRS anchos; posteriormente, en el electrocardiograma en ritmo sinusal, se evidenció signos de preexcitación

Characterize the clinical epidemiological profile and to verify the correlation between age and length of hospital stay of children with congenital heart diseases in a reference hospital complex for pediatric care. This is a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach based on the analysis of medical records of children admitted with diagnosis of congenital heart disease. The sample consisted of 66 medical records. The predominant age group was that of infants with 54.5%; 45.5% had a weight between 3,500 kg to 10 kg; and the length of 57% of the sample was between 55 and 86 cm. There was an identification of an afebrile state in 98.5%, the heart rate in 87.7% was greater than 100 beats per minute, the respiratory rate in 92.3% was equal to or less than 60 breaths per minute, and the saturation in 78.5% of cases was equal to or greater than 91%. The prevalence of congenital acyanotic heart diseases. The conclusion of this study provided a reflection on the difficulties in the identification of congenital heart diseases acyanotic.

Heart rate is a key physiological feature that can be used to assess the response of organisms to changing environmental conditions in aquatic habitats, such as acute fluctuations in oxygen levels and hypoxic conditions. This experiment, therefore, investigated cardiac responses in a freshwater brachyuran species, Poppiana dentata, exposed to low oxygen levels. Heart rate was derived from beats per minute (bpm) signals (n = 576) using an infrared, non-invasive technique over a 96 h period, under different dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions. These involved three regimes: normoxic (6.8 ± 0.1 mg L-1), decreasing DO to hypoxic levels (6.2 to 1.7 mg L-1), and recovery with normoxic levels (6.3 ± 0.1 mg L-1). Changes in heart rates among the three regimes were significant (P < 0.05); reflecting the shift in heart rate during different conditions of oxygen availability, normoxic (59 to 61 bpm), declining DO (54 to 62 bpm) and recovery DO (53 to 64 bpm). Additionally, the normal rhythmicity of heart rates under the normoxic condition was not maintained throughout most of the declining DO and recovery periods. P. dentata has demonstrated cardiac compensations in heart rate during low oxygen levels, providing insight into the species cardiac physiology.

This study analyzed heart rate variability (HRV) parameters in selected intervals of a 24-hour recording session. The study was conducted with eight young and eight old, clinically healthy geldings. HRV measurements were taken with Polar RS800CX instruments. The recordings were then analyzed with Kubios HRV software. The following time intervals were identified: 24 hours, 15 hours of the day (light period), 9 hours of the night in total, and in subsequent hours of the night. During each interval, the following time analysis parameters were investigated: heart rate (beats per minute; HR), verified beat-to-beat times (NN), standard deviation of the NN intervals (SDNN), and the square radical of the mean sum of the squares of differences between the adjacent NN intervals (rMSSD). The following HRV frequency parameters were also investigated: total power of the spectrum (TP), high-frequency spectrum (HF), low-frequency spectrum (LF), and LF/HF ratio. It was found that geriatric horses had higher HRs but reduced some HRV parameters compared to young horses. Noticeable changes were least evident after midnight, especially between 0100 h and 0400 h.

The influence of powdery buckwheat malt extract based beverages on the adaptive capacity of the body, indicators of vegetative and central regulation, the level of energy supply to the body, the psycho-emotional state is studied. The research was carried out with medical diagnostic equipment (Omega-2M complex). It was found that a ten-day course of beverages consumption with a 99.99% chance leads to an improvement in cardiac monitoring, with an improvement of at least 15% with a 97.2% chance. There is an improvement in the Health index (an integral indicator of health status) after the course of beverages consumption if its first indicator (heart rate) does not exceed 0.76. If the heart rate of the subject is between 71-87 beats per minute, the course of beverages consumption leads to an improvement in the integral index of health status and heart rate.

Temperature is one of the main factors that influences cardiovascular functioning in ectotherms. Hence this study sought to investigate heart rate responses of a freshwater crab species, Poppiana dentata, to different temperature exposures since the species generally reside in habitats of fluctuating physicochemistry. Heart rates were non-invasively determined in juvenile crabs for three temperature regimes, each over an 8-day session; A: temperature exposures of 26 °C (2 days) to 30 °C (3 days) to 26 °C (3 days), B: 26 °C (2 days) to 32 °C (3 days) to 26 °C (3 days) and C: a control at constant 26 °C. Heart rate variations were significant among the regimes (P < 0.05), with the median heart rate being highest for regime B (74 beats per minute or bpm) during the temperature insult (32 °C), relative to regime A (70 bpm) and the control (64 bpm). Notably, a suppression and inversion of the diurnal cardiac patterns occurred for regimes’ A and B crabs respectively, with rates from the highest temperature insult not shifting back to pre-insult levels during recovery (26 °C). It is plausible that P. dentata may have compensatory cardiovascular mechanisms that account for these differential heart rate responses, possibly conveying adaptive strategies in its dynamic habitat conditions.

Daily vital signs monitoring is very important for detecting diseases in early stages and for preventive treatments. Such a task can be achieved by taking advantage of the omnipresence of cameras in people's personal space. As heart-related diseases are part of the leading causes of deaths worldwide, monitoring heart-related vital signs appear to be very crucial. In this article we aim to provide a touchless approach and propose a robust method for estimating heart rate through analysis of face videos. In particular, we consider a challenging scenario, i.e., the user is on a video call and may often move his/her head. Existing touchless, vision-based methods use either photoplethysmography (PPG) or ballistocardiography (BCG). PPG methods exploit color changes in human skin during heartbeats caused by blood volume variations, but this is very sensitive to unstable lighting conditions. On the other hand, BCG methods exploit subtle head motions caused by Newtonian reaction to blood influx into the head at each heartbeat, thus being sensitive to a subject's voluntary head movements. Unlike conventional studies where either a PPG method or a BCG method is used, we propose to combine both to overcome the weakness faced by each method. We use BCG methods as the main approach due to their better accuracy on heart rate estimation, and PPG methods are used as the secondary backup to improve the accuracy in cases of large and frequent voluntary head movements. To this end, we introduce a dynamic voting system that effectively combines results of several variants of PPG and BCG methods. Experiments conducted on 20 healthy subjects with different skin tones in different lighting conditions show that our method has better accuracy compared to state-of-the-art methods, well addressing large voluntary head movements. Our method had a mean absolute error of 1.23 beats per minute (BPM) in the cases without voluntary head movements and 2.78 BPM in the cases with voluntary head movements Refereed/Peer-reviewed

In normal ECG, signals are not identify that patient suffering from what type of disease related to sleep apnea. An electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG) is a test that checks for issues with the electrical movement of your heart. An EKG demonstrates the heart’s electrical action as line tracings on paper. and whatever is left of the body. The aim of this project is to find the correct heart rate, oxygen levels in the blood and breathing patterns of newborn who is suffering from sleep apnea syndrome based on some data. As discussed in the literature review section, a healthy heart rate should be strong and between 120 and 160 beats per minute; anything higher and lower could be sign of troubles in newborns. With the help of electronic monitoring system either external or internal, this provides a continuous recording of newborn’s heart rate

Heartbeat detection is one of key techniques to monitor our health condition in daily life, and demands for this technique have increased year and year. Thanks to the non-contact and non-invasive features, various Doppler sensor-based detection methods have been investigated so far. However, the heartbeat detection accuracy of the conventional methods could get degraded due to the low SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio) of heartbeat components. Thus, even after some signal processing, non-heartbeat components still remain over such processed signal, which could degrade the heartbeat detection accuracy. In particular for the subjects with low HR (Heart Rate), the estimated HR tends to be higher than the ground truth HR due to such non-heartbeat components, though the conventional methods have mainly focused on the heartbeat detection against the subjects with the normal HR higher than 50 bpm (Beats Per Minute). In this paper, to accurately detect heartbeat even with low HR via a Doppler sensor, we propose a heartbeat detection method based on heartbeat signal reconstruction with convolutional LSTM (Bidirectional-Long Short-Term Memory). In the proposed method, to reconstruct a heartbeat signal based on the periodicity of heartbeat and the spectrum distribution peculiar to heartbeat, successive spectrograms that might be due to heartbeat is used as an input to convolutional LSTM. In addition, for better reconstruction of a heartbeat signal, the previously estimated RRI (R-R Interval) is also used as a feature in the proposed deep learning model with convolutional LSTM. Through the experiments, we confirmed that our proposed method accurately detected heartbeat against 17 subjects including the ones with the HR lower than 50 bpm.

Accurate rhythmic pace-keeping is an ability achieved only by a lot of practice. However, finding the opportunity to practice can be difficult when availability of teachers is insufficient. This thesis aims to construct a prototype that teaches its users basic rhythm keeping, specifically rhythms produced on drums. To reproduce the behavior of a drumstick hitting a surface, a device was constructed, able to perform three different rhythms mechanically at the speeds of 100, 150 and, 200 BPM, using a drumstick attached to a servo. By adding a sound sensor, the device was also able to methodically track drumming inputs. By integrating a microcontroller and programming it accordingly, the user can practice rhythmic pace-keeping visually and audibly and receives real-time feedback on their performance through an LED interface. Furthermore, the device’s actual rhythmic abilities were measured and compared to its theoretical values, which showed very small to no deviations. A study showing that combining visual and auditory channels facilitate rhythmic learning abilities gave substantiation for a conclusion estimating the drum-bots utility as a satisfactory educative tool. In future work, the demand for this product could be quantified and studied. Noggrann rytmisk takthållning är en egenskap som uppnås endast genom mycket övning. Att finna möjligheten att öva kan dock vara svårt vid tillfällen då tillgängligheten av lärare inte räcker till. Detta examensarbete syftar mot att konstruera en prototyp av en apparat som lär användaren grundläggande rytmhållning, mer specifikt trumrytmer. En apparat kunstruerades som kunde utföra tre olika rytmer mekaniskt genom att använda sig av en trumstock som var fastmonterad i en servo. Hastigheter var 100, 150 och 200 Beats per minute (BPM). Genom att sedan programmera mikrokontrollern har användaren möjlighet att träna rytmisk takthållning visuellt och hörbart samt erhåller realtidsfeedback på prestandan via ett LED-gränssnitt. Dessutom mättes enhetens faktiskt rytmiska förmågor separat och jämfördes med de teoretiska värdena, vilket resulterade i mycket små eller inga avvikelser i prestandan. En studie som uppvisar att kombinationen av visuella och auditiva sinnen främjer den rhythmiska inlärningsförmågan, gav substans för en slutsats vilken uppsakttar trum-botens funktion att vara tillfredställande som ett inlärningsverktyg. I ett framtida arbete, skulle efterfrågan i en sådan produkt kunna kvantifieras och studeras.

OBJECTIVES Interpretation of the neonatal electrocardiogram (ECG) is challenging due to the profound changes of the cardiovascular system in this period. We aimed to investigate the impact of gestational age (GA) on the neonatal ECG and create GA-specific reference values. METHODS The Copenhagen Baby Heart Study is a prospective general population study that offered cardiac evaluation of neonates. ECGs and echocardiograms were obtained and systematically analyzed. GA, weight, height, and other baseline variables were registered. RESULTS We included 16 462 neonates (52% boys) with normal echocardiograms. The median postnatal age was 11 days (range 0 to 30), and the median GA was 281 days (range 238 to 301). Analyzing the ECG parameters as a function of GA, we found an effect of GA on almost all investigated ECG parameters. The largest percentual effect of GA was on heart rate (HR; 147 vs 139 beats per minute), the QRS axis (103° vs 116°), and maximum R-wave amplitude in V1 (R-V1; 0.97 vs 1.19 mV) for GA ≤35 vs ≥42 weeks, respectively. Boys had longer PR and QRS intervals and a more right-shifted QRS axis within multiple GA intervals (all P < .01). The effect of GA generally persisted after multifactorial adjustment. CONCLUSIONS GA was associated with significant differences in multiple neonatal ECG parameters. The association generally persisted after multifactorial adjustment, indicating a direct effect of GA on the developing neonatal cardiac conduction system. For HR, the QRS axis, and R-V1, the use of GA-specific reference values may optimize clinical handling of neonates.

INTRODUCTION Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) are a group of rare diseases caused by an intralysosomal accumulation of glycosaminoglycans, resulting in a multisystemic clinical condition characterized by variable degrees of physical-functional impairment. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the functional capacity (FC) of MPS patients and compare with a healthy control group. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study of 6- to 39-year-old patients followed at a medical reference center and compared with their control peers, matched by age and sex. FC was assessed using the Sit-to-Stand Test (SST) and Incremental Shuttle Walk Test (ISWT). Heart rate (HR) and Borg rating of perceived exertion were measured before and after ISWT. HR recovery (HRR) was defined as the HR at the end of the test minus the HR in the second minute after ISWT. RESULTS Nineteen (19) MPS patients, 69% with type II MPS and mean age 17 ± 11 years were evaluated. Every patient was under enzyme replacement therapy. The time to perform the SST was longer in the MPS group (10.6 ± 2.5 s vs. 6.7 ± 1.2 s; p

An individual who is in good physical health tends to exhibit an internal core temperature of 37°C and a heart rate of 60–100 beats per minute. Increase in the temperature of the surrounding environment can serve as the basis for the onset of the condition of Hypothermia. Hypothermia acts as one of the most significant barriers being faced by winter athletes and starts initially with an increase in the heart and breathing rate. However, if the condition persists it can lead to reduction in the heart and breathing rate and ultimately results in cardiac failure. Although, jackets are commercially available, they tend to operate manually and furthermore, do not serve the primary purpose of counteracting the condition of hypothermia, particularly experienced by athletes taking part in winter sports. The objective of this study is to design a heating jacket that enables effective counteraction of the condition of Hypothermia. It enables precise measurement of the of core body temperature with the aid of a pyroelectric sensor. Along with this, a pulse rate sensor for detecting the accurate heart rate has been incorporated on the index finger. Five heating pads would get activated to attain optimal temperature, in case the core body temperature of

Background: The neonatal behavioral assessment scale (NBAS) was primarily developed to aid in the assessment of full-term neonates. The aim of this study was to detect if the NBAS was also valuable in the assessment of preterm neonates. Materials and Methods: We assessed 112 infants at a neonatal unit using the NBAS, 4th edition. The inclusion criteria included an oxygen saturation level between 88–95% and a heartrate of 100–205 beats per minute. Infant neurobehavior was assessed using the NBAS. Results: For full-term and preterm neonates, we observed that the NBAS enabled us to assess both groups of infants and gave relevant information pertaining to them. We found a significant correlation between the average week of gestation and response to touch, sensory input, peak of excitement, cost of attention, hand-to-mouth, and quality of alertness. Conclusions: The NBAS is a valuable scale for evaluating the neurobehavior of preterm neonates. The week of gestation at birth affects certain aspects of neurobehavior, such as response to sensory input, putting hand to mouth, peak of excitement, and cost of attention. The NBAS as an individually structured assessment may help in planning for early rehabilitation and intervention for this vulnerable population.

Background: The prognosis of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) is variable and partly depends on their cardiovascular status. The presence of arrhythmias can lead to worse outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the potential of heart rate (HR) and hypertension in predicating the outcomes of MM patients.Methods: This study retrospectively enrolled patients with MM between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2018, at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University. The endpoint was all-cause mortality. The Pearson's chi-square test was used to assess the association between hypertension and outcomes. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were developed to evaluate the relationship between HR and all-cause mortality.Results: A total of 386 patients were included. The mean HR was 83.8 ± 23.1 beats per minute (bpm). Patients with HR >100 bpm had a higher all-cause mortality (79.4%, 50/63) than those with 60 ≤ HR ≤ 100 bpm (39.9%, 110/276) and p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis based on the International Staging System and sex revealed similar relationships (p < 0.01). When stratified by age, patients with HR >100 bpm had higher all-cause mortality than those with a lower HR when age was p < 0.001) but not >75 years. The proportion of patients with hypertension was 54.7% (211/386). However, hypertension was not associated with all-cause mortality in MM patients (χ2=1.729, p > 0.05). MM patients with HR >100 bpm had the highest all-cause mortality.Conclusions: The prognostic potential of HR may be useful in aiding risk stratification and promoting the management of these patients.

This study investigated if music tempo can prompt a desired walking cadence, and if music can provide a stimulus to regulate physical activity intensity in a longitudinal physical activity intervention with free-living adults. Overweight adults (n = 37, 94.26 ± 17.11 kg, 49.63 ± 12.37 years) were randomly assigned to an intervention (IG, n = 17) or usual care group (UC, n = 20) as part of a novel nine-month walking intervention. IG participants walked to self-selected music with a predetermined tempo and received a behavioural change support programme. At baseline, four-, six- and nine-months participants were asked to walk around an elliptical track at their habitual pace (0–2 min) and then in time to a predetermined tempo (2–8 min) designed to elicit moderate intensity. Cadence response (steps/min) was assessed and intensity (heart rate (bpm) recorded using wireless telemetry. A repeated measures general linear model (GLM) examined differences between groups over time (p &lt, 0.05). All data is presented as means ± SD. At each assessment point both groups displayed an immediate cadence adjustment in response to music tempo (p &lt, 0.01) i.e., habitual cadence vs. 3 METs target cadence (p &lt, 0.05) and 3 METs target cadence vs. 5 METs target cadence (p &lt, 0.05). Additionally, IG participants displayed an increased habitual cadence (0–2 min) at each assessment point (p &lt, 0.05, 110 ± 9, 121.80 ± 7.5, 121.46 ± 10, 121.93 ± 7 steps/min respectively). UC participant’s habitual cadence was unchanged from 0–9 months (p &gt, 120 ± 10, 116 ± 13, 119 ± 12 and 119 ± 9 steps/min respectively). Music tempo may be a useful regulatory tool to prompt the free-living individual to reach an appropriate stride rate to achieve a walking pace that is at least moderate intensity. It also appears that results may be trainable as throughout the study an increased habitual walking cadence was observed, in the absence of music.

A 29-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with palpitations and a heart rate of over 140 beats per minute that started approximately six to eight hours after administration of her second COVID-19 vaccination. Many side effects have been associated with the administration of vaccines. We present the first documented case of tachycardia and palpitations, in the absence of other signs or symptoms, presenting within hours of receiving the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccination. Clinicians should be aware that this appears to be benign and resolved within 24 hours in our patient.

The electrocardiogram of a 14-year-old boy with recurrent palpitation showed a wide QRS regular tachycardia with a right bundle branch block and right-axis deviation of 226 beats per minute. Verapamil infusion terminated the tachycardia after a few minutes. Electrophysiological study revealed that this tachycardia was considered as a reentrant tachycardia associated with the anterograde left posterior accessory pathway (AP) and retrograde right septal AP. Radiofrequency application was performed and eliminated both APs, and there was no recurrence of wide QRS tachycardia.

This paper presents an unobtrusive system for monitoring heart rate (HR) based on ballistocardiogram (BCG). The system contains a piezoelectric sensor, which can be embedded into a chair or bed, to convert small body vibrations caused by heart beating into BCG signal and a novel algorithm to estimate HR from the BCG. The algorithm employs the Hilbert Transform to reveal the frequency content of J-peak in the BCG signal for HR estimation. The Viterbi Decoding is applied to improve the HR accuracy for noisy BCG signal by finding the most likely path through time-frequency state-space plane. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated by BCG recordings from 32 subjects. Mean absolute error (MAE) of 2.17 beats per minute (BPM) and standard deviation of absolute error (SDAE) of 2.34 BPM are achieved. Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.956 between estimated HR and true HR is obtained.

INTRODUCTION Ablation of atrial vagal ganglia has been associated with improved pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) outcomes. Disruption of vagal reflexes results in heart rate (HR) increase. We investigated the association between HR change after PVI and freedom from atrial fibrillation (AF) at 1 year. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients who underwent PVI for paroxysmal AF were identified from the Johns Hopkins Hospital AF registry. Electrocardiograms taken pre-PVI and post-PVI were used to determine the change in HR. Patients followed-up at 3, 6, and 12 months. Of 257 patients (66% male, age 59+/-11 years), 134 (52%) remained free from AF at 1 year. The average HR increased from 60.6 ± 11.3 beats per minute (bpm) pre-PVI to 70.7 ± 12.0 bpm post-PVI. Patients with recurrence of AF had lower post-PVI HR than those who remained free from AF (67.8 ± 0.2 vs 73.3 ± 13.0 bpm; P

Drug-induced changes of the J to T peak (JTp) and J to the median of area under the T wave (JT50) were reported to differentiate QT prolonging drugs that are predominant blockers of the delayed potassium rectifier current from those with multiple ion channel effects. Studies of drug-induced JTp/JT50 interval changes might therefore facilitate cardiac safety evaluation of new pharmaceuticals. It is not known whether formulas for QT heart rate correction are applicable to JTp and JT50 intervals. QT/RR, JTp/RR, and JT50/RR profiles were studied in 523 healthy subjects aged 33.5 ± 8.4 years (254 females). In individual subjects, 1,256 ± 220 electrocardiographic measurements of QT, JTp, and JT50 intervals were available including a 5-minute history of RR intervals preceding each measurement. Curvilinear, linear and log-linear regression models were used to characterize individual QT/RR, JTp/RR, and JT50/RR profiles both without and with correction for heart rate hysteresis. JTp/RR and JT50/RR hysteresis correction needs to be included but the generic universal correction for QT/RR hysteresis is also applicable to JTp/RR and JT50/RR profiles. Once this is incorporated, median regression coefficients of the investigated population suggest linear correction formulas JTpc = JTp + 0.150(1-RR) and JT50c = JT50 + 0.117(1-RR) where RR intervals of the underlying heart rate are hysteresis-corrected, and all measurements expressed in seconds. The established correction formulas can be proposed for future clinical pharmacology studies that show drug-induced heart rate changes of up to approximately 10 beats per minute.

Objective – The aim of this article is to present a case of POTS, which was diagnosed quickly with Holter ECG and whose symptoms improved promptly and dramatically with non-pharmacological therapy. Case Presentation – A 15-year-old female patient mother was admitted because of unusual episodes of dizziness, syncope with spontaneous recovery and palpitations. Most of these symptoms occurred fairly frequently on standing. The Holter ECG was done with recommendation to perform some activities during recording, such as to stand for ten minutes in the presence of another person and to write symptoms. It was noticed on the Holter ECG that she had increase in heart rate more than 60 beats per minute during these ten minutes followed by symptoms. The patient was diagnosed with POTS and nonpharmacological therapy was advised which was successful. Conclusion – POTS is a disabling condition with heterogeneous and atypical symptoms which mostly affects the young females. Sometimes, a long period of time is necessary to diagnose POTS. Therefore, it is important to diagnose quickly and to start with appropriate therapy which is unique for every POTS patient. Delay in diagnosis and treatment can lead to further disability in patients affected by POTS and their poor quality of life.

Introduction. Rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) has successfully helped regulate gait for people with Parkinson’s disease. However, the way in which different auditory cues and types of movements affect entrainment, synchronization, and pacing stability has not been directly compared in different aged people with and without Parkinson’s. Therefore, this study compared music and metronomes (cue types) in finger tapping, toe tapping, and stepping on the spot tasks to explore the potential of RAS training for general use. Methods. Participants (aged 18–78 years) included people with Parkinson’s (n = 30, Hoehn and Yahr mean = 1.78), older (n = 26), and younger adult controls (n = 36), as age may effect motor timing. Timed motor production was assessed using an extended synchronization-continuation task in cue type and movement conditions for slow, medium, and fast tempi (81, 116, and 140 mean beats per minute, respectively). Results. Analyses revealed main effects of cue and movement type but no between-group interactions, suggesting no differences in motor timing between people with Parkinson’s and controls. Music supported entrainment better than metronomes in medium and fast tempi, and stepping on the spot enabled better entrainment and less asynchrony, as well as more stable pacing compared to tapping in medium and fast tempi. Age was not confirmed as a factor, and no differences were observed in slow tempo. Conclusion. This is the first study to directly compare how different external auditory cues and movement types affect motor timing. The music and the stepping enabled participants to maintain entrainment once the external pacing cue ceased, suggesting endogenous mechanisms continued to regulate the movements. The superior performance of stepping on the spot suggests embodied entrainment can occur during continuous movement, and this may be related to emergent timing in tempi above 600 ms. These findings can be applied therapeutically to manage and improve adaptive behaviours for people with Parkinson’s.