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Introduction: The aim of the study was twofold: a) to determine the prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety and sleep disturbances in young patients with vertically-transmitted HIV infection compared to uninfected peers, and b) to identify sociodemographic, psychosocial and medication-related variables and other clinical risk and protective factors related to psychological symptoms. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in two groups with independent measures (36 youth with vertically transmitted HIV infection and 39 HIV-negative peers). We used 3 standardised assessment tools and a sociodemographic/psychosocial questionnaire (STAI, BDI, PSQI and adapted sociodemographic test). We performed univariate and multivariable analyses. Results: The univariate analysis did not find significant differences between groups either in psychosocial factors or in the clinical scores. The multivariable analysis found that the presence of psychological symptoms was strongly associated with sociodemographic factors and past events. Conclusions: Psychosocial factors and the social environment seemed to correlate more strongly to psychological symptoms than HIV status and to explain better the current psychological state of individuals. Resumen: Introducción: Los objetivos principales del estudio fueron dos: a) identificar la prevalencia de síntomas depresivos y de ansiedad y trastornos del sueño en pacientes jóvenes con infección por VIH de transmisión vertical en comparación con un grupo de pares no infectados, y b) identificar factores sociodemográficos, psicosociales y relacionados con la medicación y otros factores de riesgo y protectores relacionados con los síntomas psicológicos. Métodos: Estudio transversal en dos grupos con medidas independientes: 36 sujetos con VIH (transmisión vertical) y 39 sin VIH (no infectados). Se emplearon 3 instrumentos de evaluación estandarizados y un cuestionario sociodemográfico/psicosocial (STAI, BDI, PSQI y test sociodemográfico adaptado). Se realizó análisis univariante y multivariante. Resultados: El análisis univariante no reveló diferencias significativas entre los dos grupos en las variables psicosociales o las escalas clínicas. El análisis multivariante encontró que los síntomas psicológicos se asociaban con fuerza a factores sociodemográficos y experiencias del pasado. Conclusiones: El entorno y las variables psicosociales parecen estar asociados más estrechamente con los síntomas psicológicos que el estado de VIH, y podrían explicar mejor el estado psicológico actual del individuo.

Resumen: Introducción: Los objetivos principales del estudio fueron dos: a) identificar la prevalencia de síntomas depresivos y de ansiedad y trastornos del sueño en pacientes jóvenes con infección por VIH de transmisión vertical en comparación con un grupo de pares no infectados, y b) identificar factores sociodemográficos, psicosociales y relacionados con la medicación y otros factores de riesgo y protectores relacionados con los síntomas psicológicos. Métodos: Estudio transversal en dos grupos con medidas independientes: 36 sujetos con VIH (transmisión vertical) y 39 sin VIH (no infectados). Se emplearon tres instrumentos de evaluación estandarizados y un cuestionario sociodemográfico/psicosocial (STAI, BDI, PSQI y test sociodemográfico adaptado). Se realizó análisis univariante y multivariante. Resultados: El análisis univariante no reveló diferencias significativas entre los dos grupos en las variables psicosociales o las escalas clínicas. El análisis multivariante encontró que los síntomas psicológicos se asociaban con fuerza a factores sociodemográficos y experiencias del pasado. Conclusiones: El entorno y las variables psicosociales parecen estar asociados más estrechamente con los síntomas psicológicos que el estado de VIH y podrían explicar mejor el estado psicológico actual del individuo. Abstract: Introduction: The aim of the study was twofold: (i) to determine the prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety and sleep disturbances in young patients with vertically-transmitted HIV infection compared to uninfected peers, and (ii) to identify sociodemographic, psychosocial and medication-related variables and other clinical risk and protective factors related to psychological symptoms. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in two groups with independent measures (36 youth with vertically transmitted HIV infection and 39 HIV-negative peers). We used three standardised assessment tools and a sociodemographic/psychosocial questionnaire (STAI, BDI, PSQI and adapted sociodemographic test). We performed univariate and multivariable analyses. Results: The univariate analysis did not find significant differences between groups either in psychosocial factors or in the clinical scores. The multivariable analysis found that the presence of psychological symptoms was strongly associated with sociodemographic factors and past events. Conclusions: Psychosocial factors and the social environment seemed to correlate more strongly to psychological symptoms than HIV status and to explain better the current psychological state of individuals.

Abstract Background Important prevention efforts have led to a reduction in mother-to-child transmission of HIV (MTCT) globally. However, new cases of paediatric HIV infections still occur. Early diagnosis of new HIV infections is essential to start an appropriate antiretroviral treatment to avoid childhood morbidity and mortality related to infection. The aim of this study was to describe the new cases of MTCT in Latin-American referral hospitals. Methods A retrospective, multicentre and descriptive study of the new cases of MTCT diagnosed during 2018 in 13 referral hospitals from 8 Latin-American countries (Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama) belonging to PLANTAIDS (Paediatric Network for Prevention, Early Detection and Treatment of HIV in Children), was conducted. PLANTAIDS is included in CYTED (Ibero-American Programme of Science and Technology for Development). Results Eighty-one children (40.7% males) were included, median age at diagnosis of 2.33 years (IQR:0.7–4.7). Less than 3% of women knew their HIV diagnosis before pregnancy. More than 80% of them were diagnosed after delivery, 8.7% during pregnancy, and 2.9% at delivery. Only one patient underwent antiretroviral therapy (ART) prior to pregnancy. At diagnosis, 50.0% of the children presented with an advanced stage of disease (stage C following the current CDC classification for HIV infection), and 34.4% had less than 15% CD4+ cells/mm3. The time elapsed between delivery and the maternal diagnosis was correlated with the age of children at diagnosis, ρ = 0.760, p