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Abstract Background Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a familial cardiac disease associated with ventricular arrhythmias and an increased risk of sudden cardiac death. Currently, there are no approved treatments that address the underlying genetic cause of this disease, representing a significant unmet need. Mutations in Plakophilin-2 (PKP2), encoding a desmosomal protein, account for approximately 40% of ARVC cases and result in reduced gene expression. Methods Our goal is to examine the feasibility and the efficacy of adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9)-mediated restoration of PKP2 expression in a cardiac specific knock-out mouse model of Pkp2. Results We show that a single dose of AAV9:PKP2 gene delivery prevents disease development before the onset of cardiomyopathy and attenuates disease progression after overt cardiomyopathy. Restoration of PKP2 expression leads to a significant extension of lifespan by restoring cellular structures of desmosomes and gap junctions, preventing or halting decline in left ventricular ejection fraction, preventing or reversing dilation of the right ventricle, ameliorating ventricular arrhythmia event frequency and severity, and preventing adverse fibrotic remodeling. RNA sequencing analyses show that restoration of PKP2 expression leads to highly coordinated and durable correction of PKP2-associated transcriptional networks beyond desmosomes, revealing a broad spectrum of biological perturbances behind ARVC disease etiology. Conclusions We identify fundamental mechanisms of PKP2-associated ARVC beyond disruption of desmosome function. The observed PKP2 dose-function relationship indicates that cardiac-selective AAV9:PKP2 gene therapy may be a promising therapeutic approach to treat ARVC patients with PKP2 mutations.

This research was designed to investigate the metabolite profiling, phenolics content, and the trypanocidal, nematicidal, antibacterial, antifungal, and free radical scavenging properties of Usnea lethariiformis Motyka. The air-dried U. lethariiformis material was extracted successively with dichloromethane and methanol (UlMeOH). Two phases were obtained from the extract with dichloromethane, one soluble in methanol (UlDCM-s) and the other insoluble (UlDCM-i). The metabolite profiling was obtained using ultra-high-resolution liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS) system. The trypanocidal and nematicidal activities were determined according to standardized protocols. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) rules. The total phenolic content of lichen extracts was determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu method. Antioxidant properties were assessed through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Trolox equivalent antioxidant activity (TEAC), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and inhibition of lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes (ILP) assays, and the extracts exhibited robust antioxidant activity. Seventeen compounds were detected, of which thirteen were identified by UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS analysis, including depsides, depsidones, fatty acids, dibenzofurans, benzoic acids, and triterpenes. The UlDCM-s and UlMeOH extracts displayed strong trypanocidal activity against Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes at 50 μg/mL and 100 μg/mL and a nematicidal activity toward J2 Meloidogyne incognita, an important nematode infecting horticultural crops. Regarding the antimicrobial activity, the results showed that all bacteria and yeasts tested were inhibited by the different extracts with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values between 25 μg/mL and 500 μg/mL. The UlDCM-s and UlMeOH extracts showed phenolic content of 107 mg and 48 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g dried extract, respectively. The UlDCM-s, UIDCM-i, and UlMeOH extracts showed moderate free radical scavenging activity in the DPPH, FRAP, and TEAC assays until 1 mg/mL and ILP tests at 250 μg/mL. The results indicated that U. lethariiformis may constitute a potential source of diverse bioactivities with application in the food, pharmaceutical, and agronomic industries.

In this work, a decoction (DOe) and a methanolic global extract (MGEOe), obtained with the aerial parts of Oxalis erythrorhiza Gillies ex Hooker et Arnott (Oxalidaceae), were evaluated. The high-resolution liquid chromatography in conjunction with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS) analysis showed forty compounds in MGEOe and twenty-nine in DOe, including flavones, C-glycosyl flavones, isoflavones, fatty acids, terpenes, phenolic acids, and sterols. The antioxidant properties were evaluated by DPPH, TEAC, FRAP, and ILP assays. Both DOe and MGEOe showed stronger antioxidant activities. The anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated by COX inhibition method, where DOe demonstrated a significant inhibitory effect. The cytotoxic effects were evaluated in the tumoral HCT-116 and non-tumoral HBL-100 cell lines, revealing a selective action from DOe and MGOe on cancer cells. DOe was evaluated in an animal model of insulin resistance, which is characterized by alterations in glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as cognitive impairments, including anxiety-like behavior and memory deficits. Male SD rats received sucrose (10% w/v, SUC), a half dilution of DOe (5% w/v) with sucrose (HDOeS) or DOe with sucrose (DOeS) from PND21 to PND61. Then, anxiety-like behavior and spatial memory were assessed using the open field (OF), elevated plus maze (EPM) and the novel object location (NOL) tests, respectively. Serum parameters basal glycemia, total cholesterol (TC) and tryglicerides were measured using commercial kits. The lipid peroxidation was determined in homogenates of cerebral cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus by TBAR assay. Only HDOeS exhibited lower anxiety-like behavior in OF and improved performance in NOL compared to SUC. Furthermore, DOeS showed reduced serum parameters, while HDOeS presented lower TC levels than SUC. No differences were observed on TBAR assay. The beneficial properties of these preparations could be attributed to the identified metabolites. These findings highlighted O. erythrorhiza as a potential source of compounds to improve human health; however, further research is required to elucidate its mechanisms of action.

Contexto: O clima não é apenas um condicionante físico, mas também social, pois, ele afeta direta e indiretamente o ser humano e pode influenciar no acometimento de diferentes tipos de doenças. Métodos: Foram utilizados os dados de temperatura máxima, mínima e precipitação do INMET dos anos de 1990 a 2020, sendo utilizada a série de 2016 a 2020 para os dados diários de temperatura máxima e mínima. Por conseguinte, foram obtidos dados públicos diários de 2015 a 2020 de Doenças Respiratórias e Doenças Circulatórias do Sistema Único de Saúde no site do DATASUS. O tratamento dos dados foi realizado no Microsoft Excel, e nele foram utilizadas técnicas de estatística descritiva e medidas de associação. A elaboração dos mapas foi realizada através do software Qgis 3.28. Resultados: Evidenciou-se que o maior número de eventos extremos ocorreu durante o período de seco, com um total de 111. Foi possível identificar que o mês de outubro apresentou o maior número de ondas de calor. A regressão logística demonstrou que as temperaturas do ar não apresentaram relação direta e não obtiveram significância estatística com o aumento de internações de ambos os grupos de doenças acima da mediana (dias doentes), fato que pode estar associado a maior adaptação da população as altas temperaturas em tipo climático equatorial. A espacialização dos casos de ambos os grupos de doenças teve maior taxa de morbidade nas zonas Sul, Norte e Oeste da cidade de Manaus.

RESUMO Este estudo de caso propõe-se analisar o trabalho docente na Educação Infantil do Campo em turma multisseriada em escola ribeirinha no interior do Amazonas. A pesquisa, pautada metodologicamente na abordagem qualitativa, reafirma a relevância da temática em discussão, a fragilidade da implementação das políticas públicas direcionadas a esse público e a necessidade da valorização da formação contínua do professor frente às práticas pedagógicas. A prática docente tem papel mediador na construção do currículo de cunho histórico e cultural e ao direito das crianças que habitam o campo.

Lannea L. genus belongs to the Anacardiaceae botanical family and has long been used in traditional medicinal systems of many countries to manage several health conditions, but no studies have been conducted regarding its usefulness as a source of herbal medicine for human use. A literature review was conducted on scientific papers indexed on B-On, Pubmed, and Web of Science databases. Our results showed that medicinal plants from this botanical genus, mostly constituted by bark and leaf, are often used to approach a wide variety of disease symptoms, like fever, inflammatory states, pain, and gastrointestinal disorders. Phytochemical profiles of Lannea species revealed that phenolic acid derivatives including hydroquinones, phenolic acids, flavonoids, condensed tannins, and triterpenoids are the main classes of secondary metabolites present. Among the total of 165 identified compounds, 57 (34.5%) are flavonoids, mostly quercetin- and myricetin-derived flavonols and catechin and epicatechin flavan-3-ol derivatives also containing a galloyl group. In vitro and in vivo studies allowed the identification of 12 different biological activities, amongst which antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities were the most frequently cited and observed in in vitro essays. Our review contributes useful information for the scientifical validation of the use of Lannea species in traditional medicinal systems and shows that more research needs to be conducted to better understand the concrete utility of these as herbal medicines.

This research was designed to investigate the metabolite profiling, phenolics, and flavonoids content as well as the potential nematicidal properties of decoction (ZpDe), orange-yellow resin (ZpRe) and essential oil (ZpEO) from Argentinean medicinal plant Zuccagnia punctata Cav. Additionally, the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of ZpDe and ZpEO were determined. Metabolite profiling was obtained by an ultrahigh-resolution liquid chromatography MS analysis (UHPLC-ESI-QTOF/OT-MS-MS) and GCMS. The nematicidal activity was assayed by a standardized method against Meloidogyne incognita. The antioxidant properties were screened by four methods: (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay (DPPH), Trolox equivalent antioxidant activity assay (TEAC), ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP), and lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes (ILP). The antibacterial activity was evaluated according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) rules. The ZpDe, ZpRe and ZpEO displayed a strong nematicidal activity with an LC50 of 0.208, 0.017 and 0.142 mg/mL, respectively. On the other hand, the ZpDe showed a strong DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 = 28.54 µg/mL); ILP of 87.75% at 250 µg ZpDe/mL and moderated antimicrobial activity. The ZpEO showed promising activity against a panel of yeasts Candida albicans and non-albicans (ATCC and clinically isolated) with MIC values from 750 to 1500 µg/mL. The ZpDe showed a content of phenolics and flavonoid compounds of 241 mg GAE/g and 10 mg EQ/g, respectively. Fifty phenolic compounds were identified in ZpDe by ultrahigh-resolution liquid chromatography (UHPLC–PDA– Q-TOF-MS) analysis, while forty-six phenolic compounds were identified in ZpRe by UHPLC-ESI-Q-OT-MS-MS and twenty-nine in ZpEO using a GC-MS analysis, updating the knowledge on the chemical profile of this species. The results support and standardize this medicinal plant mainly as a potential environmentally friendly and sustainable bionematicide for the control of Argentinean horticultural crops including tomatoes and peppers and as a source of antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds which could be further explored and exploited for potential applications.

O segmento da produção industrial de papel e celulose é de grande relevância no desenvolvimento econômico e social do Brasil. Contudo, esse ramo de atividade também pode apresentar problemas de ordem ambiental, devido ao grande consumo de água e à geração de efluentes. Quando não tratados adequadamente, esses efluentes podem provocar impactos negativos e até mesmo danos irreparáveis. Dentre as técnicas mais promissoras voltadas ao tratamento de efluentes industriais, destacam-se os processos oxidativos avançados. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o desempenho do processo UV/H2O2 no pós-tratamento de efluentes de uma indústria de papel e celulose. Durante 120 minutos de irradiação UV, foram testadas seis concentrações de H2O2, que variaram entre 15 e 200 mg.L-1. Os resultados revelaram a efetividade do processo na remoção da DQO em 84% e da DBO5 em até 91%. A remoção de sólidos suspensos totais variou entre 80 e 100%. Para os sólidos totais, os índices de remoção ficaram ente 16 e 50%. O desempenho do processo UV/H2O2 foi influenciado pela disponibilidade de H2O2 e pelo tempo de irradiação UV.

Empreendemos uma reflexão institucionalista sobre a construção do(s) sentido(s) de sustentabilidade enquanto fator legitimador das organizações, argumentando que a construção polissêmica do conceito é linguisticamente operada intencionando legitimação em campos organizacionais heterogêneos. Aplicamos o modelo semiótico do processo de institucionalização ao conceito de sustentabilidade, evidenciando sua construção linguístico-social de duas formas – denotacional e conotacional –, discutindo a saída da natureza objetiva do conceito para sua natureza mítico-racional na qual a dissociação do fazer, dizer e significar transmuta seu conteúdo semântico. A sustentabilidade é, então, entendida como mais uma pressão institucional à qual as organizações precisam responder, e estas geralmente o fazem de maneira estratégica, mediante aceitação, adaptação ou contestação. Assim, ainda que determinados atores busquem institucionalizar a sustentabilidade denotacionalmente, seu sentido oscila conotacionalmente conforme é difundido, seja por conveniência ou falta de clareza sobre como operacionalizá-lo nas organizações.

Arthropod venoms are potential sources of bioactive substances, providing tools for the validation of popular use and new drugs design. Ants belonging to the genus Dinoponera are used in the folk medicine to treat inflammatory conditions. It was previously demonstrated that the venom of the giant ant Dinoponera quadriceps (DqV), containing a mixture of polypeptides, elicit antinociceptive effect in mice models of chemical, mechanical and thermal nociception. The aim of this study was to evaluate DqV antiinflammatory and antihypernociceptive effects in a mice model of traumatic cutaneous wound. Colonies of D. quadriceps were collected in the ‘Serra de Maranguape’ (State of Ceará, northeastern Brazil), a small mountain range located on the coastal zone, and the venom secreted by the ant glands was extracted with capillary tubes, further lyophilized and maintained at -20 ± 1ºC until use. Wounds were performed in the dorsum of Swiss mice. Animals received intravenous (i.v.) injection of DqV (50 µg kg-1 day-1) during 3 days for evaluation of inflammatory parameters present in the wounds: hypernociception, leukocyte infiltrate, myeloperoxidase activity, nitrite/nitrate content. Data was tested by two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s post-hoc test. DqV reduced (2.7 folds) hypernociception at 48 hours, leukocyte infiltration by 65% at 6 hours and myeloperoxidase activity by 60% at 0.5 hour after wound induction. In conclusion, the venom extracted from D. quadriceps glands attenuates inflammation and hypernociception in mice cutaneous wounds.

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the photosynthetic response to vapor pressure deficit (VPD) in umbu (Spondias tuberosa) tree accessions. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design in a 5×7×2 factorial arrangement (five umbu accessions – BRS-68, EPAMIG-05, BGU-61, BGU-75, and BGU-50 –, seven evaluation times, and two reading times – at 8 a.m. and 2 p.m.) in split-split plots in time. Leaf temperature increased with air temperature. The variation of stomatal conductance and transpiration with the VPD was not significant. Net photosynthesis rate, carboxylation efficiency, and instantaneous water-use efficiency decreased with increasing VPD in all accessions, except in BRS-68, whose rates remained positive.

The undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver is a rare tumor with a poor prognosis, with improved outcomes being reported with more recently multimodality treatments. We report a case of a 6-year-old girl with an incidentally diagnosed and histologically proven localized undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver. The divergence between solid appearance at US and cystic-like appearance on CT/MRI, which has been attributed to the presence of myxoid component frequently described with this tumor, was crucial for the diagnosis and subsequent treatment.

Analisam-se as práticas, narrativas e aspectos culturais da Companhia Teatral Arte Viva (Santa Cruz, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil) no âmbito comunicacional e midiático. O relato ressalta as suas características representativas e a interação social entre a companhia e o público, bem como evidencia a observação de um fenômeno original: a expressão e resistência dos teatristas em associação à sua contextualização folkmidiática ao abordar a teatralidade que ocupa o espaço público e demonstra, em sua essência, a vocação.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a tratabilidade e a toxicidade de efluente têxtil submetido ao processo Foto-Fenton heterogêneo utilizando sementes de alface (Lactuca sativa) como organismos-teste. As amostras de efluentes foram coletadas na ETE de uma indústria têxtil e submetidas ao tratamento oxidativo, que teve duração de 105 minutos. Em intervalos de tempo (15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 e 105 minutos), alíquotas foram retiradas para análises da toxicidade e para análises físico-químicas (cor, compostos aromáticos, turbidez, nível de pH e peróxido residual). As respostas da toxicidade foram avaliadas a partir dos resultados do percentual de germinação e da inibição de crescimento da radícula e do hipocótilo da planta. A taxa média de germinação absoluta após o tratamento foi de 72,5%. Uma inibição de 30,6% do hipocótilo e de 99% da radícula foi observada. Em relação aos parâmetros físico-químicos, o processo foto-Fenton heterogêneo foi efetivo, apresentando uma remoção de cor de 90%, dos compostos aromáticos de 80 % e da turbidez de 30%.

The present work aims to report a case of Buschke-Löwenstein tumor (BLT), which is a mass of genital warts that usually affects immunosuppressed people. The reported case was diagnosed in a young patient with no known immunosuppression. Several tests were performed to confirm the diagnostic hypothesis, including immunohistochemistry, histological, molecular and imaging analysis. The results obtained were confirmatory in all analyses, except in the molecular one. Because BLT is a rare condition, there is still great literary heterogeneity regarding the ideal treatment, but some options can be considered, such as excision and radiotherapy.

A indústria têxtil desempenha papel vital para o desenvolvimento econômico de muitos países. No entanto, a descarga de seus efluentes no meio ambiente causa considerável poluição dos corpos receptores e sérios fatores de risco à saúde. Em geral, o tratamento convencional não degrada totalmente seus poluentes. Então, novos métodos de tratamento vêm sendo estudados na última década, destacando- -se a eletrocoagulação. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a otimização do processo da eletrocoagulação aplicado em efluente têxtil sintético, a fim de investigar o efeito da intensidade de corrente e do pH com relação à remoção da cor. Os resultados revelaram o potencial da aplicação do processo com valores de intensidade de corrente de 33A e pH inicial 3, expondo remoção de cor na ordem de 95%. O tempo de eletrólise estabelecido em 30 minutos contribuiu para a efetividade do processo no tratamento do efluente têxtil sintético e demostrou capacidade para aplicação em efluentes em escala real.

Atualmente no Brasil, os estudos sobre as dinâmicas hidrogeomorfológicas por meio de dados de sensoriamento remoto ainda são escassos. Em rios com extensos percursos e áreas inóspitas faz jus o uso de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto para análise e monitoramento ambiental. Diante do exposto, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as mudanças na geomorfologia fluvial do rio Miranda no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, MS por meio de séries de imagens multitemporais dos Sensores Tematic Mapper do satélite Landsat – 5 e OLI do Satélite Landsat- 8. A planície de inundação do rio Miranda apresenta aproximadamente 600 m de largura e padrão de canal meandrante com índice de sinuosidade de 2.13. Identificou-se áreas em processo erosivo nas margens côncavas, deposição de sedimentos nas margens convexas e presença de meandros abandonados. O paleocinturão de meandros, abandonos de canais e meandros abandonados foram os fenômenos naturais que ocorreram com maior frequência e mais distinguíveis nas imagens Landsat para o período analisado.

O presente artigo pretende refletir sobre conceitos da teoria de parentesco e suas implicações a partir da distopia criada por Natalie Atwood no livro O conto da aia. A partir da sociedade altamente hierarquizada de Giliad, pode-se pensar sobre os termos da teoria de parentesco e os desafios que foram postos ao longo da história da disciplina. O papel das mulheres, funcionalmente marcado nesta sociedade, questiona também o lugar que a maternidade ocupa na sociedade ocidental.

Consideram-se os processos de globalização e mundialização (ORTIZ, 2013, 2009) e os apelos midiático e mercadológicos que configuram as atuais circunstâncias em que a cultura e o mercado se cruzam. Logo, reflete-se sobre o evento esportivo Red Bull Paranauê, ocorrido no Brasil no ano de 2017 e 2018, destacando a Capoeira enquanto Patrimônio Imaterial e a projeção construída pela competição esportiva. Discute-se, com base na concepção de folkmarketing (LUCENA FILHO, 2007), as implicações do Red Bull Paranauê sobre os aspectos de identidade e cultura. Evidencia-se, ainda, vozes de capoeiristas que se posicionam de modos distintos sobre o fenômeno da mundialização da Capoeira e a suas projeções midiáticas. Embora se reconheça uma determinada visibilidade mundial da Capoeira e dos capoeiristas brasileiros, preocupa-se com os efeitos futuros de uma perspectiva exclusivamente competitiva.

The antibacterial and insect-repellent activities of the essential oils (EOs) from Argentinian medicinal plants Azorella trifurcata (Gaertn.) Pers., Senecio cfr. oreophyton J. Remy and Senecio cfr. pogonias Cabrera, were investigated. All EOs showed good repellent properties against Triatoma infestans Klug, the vector of the Chagas disease, with percent repellence values between 60% and 70% at 24 h compared with positive control N-N diethyl-m-methylbenzamide (DEET) and moderate activity against the bacteria tested with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values between 31.2 and 2000 μg/ml. The A. trifurcata, Senecio pogonias and Senecio oreophyton EOs, obtained by hydrodistillation, were characterized by GC-FID and GC/MS analyses. Spathulenol (38.2%), myrtenyl acetate (8.4%), α-terpineol (4.5%), limonene (9.8%) and α-thujene (5.4%) were the main constituents in the EO of A. trifurcata. The S. pogonias and S. oreophyton EOs are characterized by a high content of monoterpene hydrocarbons (92% and 95.1%, respectively) with α-pinene, the main component in both oils. To our knowledge, the essential oil composition from Andean medicinal plants A. trifurcata, S. pogonias and S. oreophyton collected in central Andean slopes are reported for the first time.

The photo essay is an excerpt from a documentary project in development which addresses "pilgrims", such as "pilgrimages" and "ex-votos" practiced by devotion to São Francisco de Canindé, in the municipality of Canindé, located 110 km away from the city of Fortaleza, capital of the state of Ceará (CE), located in the Northeast Region of Brazil. The photographs were captured during the feast in honor of the saint, which takes place annually between September 24th and October 4th. However, in 2016, especially because of the changes, the party was extended to after the election. It is an initiative linked to the ECOMSUL Research Group - Epistemologies and Emerging and Transforming Practices in Communication, Media and Culture, of the Department of Social Communication and Postgraduate Program in Media Studies / UFRN.

The work Dictionary of Brazilian Folklore, by Luís da Câmara Cascudo completed 60 years in 2014. The International Folkcommunication Magazine carried out three studies to commemorate the anniversary of this bibliography, whose importance is given as a reference on Brazilian and global culture and is, in addition, one of the bases for Luiz Beltrão's Folkcommunication and the scholars of this thought. The third and last last description is with Severino Vicente, president of the National Folklore Commission. Severino Vicente talked to our team about the challenges of keeping the National Folklore Commission active throughout the vast Brazilian territory. In addition, our interview with this popular culture researcher dealt with the tools available on the internet and their use for the Commission.

Arthropod venoms are potential sources of bioactive substances, providing tools for the validation of popular use and new drugs design. Ants belonging to the genus Dinoponera are used in the folk medicine to treat inflammatory conditions. It was previously demonstrated that the venom of the giant ant Dinoponera quadriceps (DqV), containing a mixture of polypeptides, elicit antinociceptive effect in mice models of chemical, mechanical and thermal nociception. The aim of this study was to evaluate DqV antiinflammatory and antihypernociceptive effects in a mice model of traumatic cutaneous wound. Colonies of D. quadriceps were collected in the ‘‘Serra de Maranguape’’ (State of Ceará, northeastern Brazil), a small mountain range located on the coastal zone, and the venom secreted by the ant glands was extracted with capillary tubes, further lyophilized and maintained at -20 ± 1ºC until use. Wounds were performed in the dorsum of Swiss mice. Animals received intravenous (i.v.) injection of DqV (50 µg -1kg day-1) during 3 days for evaluation of inflammatory parameters present in the wounds: hypernociception, leukocyte infiltrate, myeloperoxidase activity, nitrite nitrate-1 content. Data was tested by two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s post-hoc test. DqV reduced (2.7 folds) hypernociception at 48 hours, leukocyte infiltration by 65% at 6 hours and myeloperoxidase activity by 60% at 0.5 hour after wound induction. In conclusion, the venom extracted from D. quadriceps glands attenuates inflammation and hypernociception in mice cutaneous wounds.

This article presents the characteristics of the Boi Calemba Pintadinho, cultural manifestation of Boi Calemba at São Gonçalo do Amarante (Rio Grande do Norte/Brazil) in folkcomunicacional context, through the recognition of the group as a whoopee linked to popular religious theater and also as emergency space and expression of traditional knowledge, the research in question was drawn up from observation techniques, interview, research of the bibliographic collections and photographic records of the cultural group.

This research was designed to investigate the metabolite profiling, phenolics and flavonoids content and the potential antioxidant, antibacterial and nematicidal activities of “yellow-brown resins” from Larrea divaricata Cav (LdRe) and L. nitida Cav (LnRe). Metabolite profiling was obtained using an ultrahigh resolution liquid chromatography orbitrap MS analysis (UHPLC-ESI-OT-MS). The antioxidant properties were screened by four methods: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay (DPPH), trolox equivalent antioxidant activity assay (TEAC), ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) and lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes (LP). The antibacterial activity was evaluated according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. In addition, the potential combinatory effect was analyzed with the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) values using the checkerboard design. The nematicidal activity was carried out according to a standardized protocol. LdRe and LnRe showed a strong capture of the DPPH radical withvalues around 8.4 µg resin/mL; FRAP (1.69–1.94 mgTE/ g resin), TEAC (1.08–1.09 mgTE/g resin) and LP (81–82% at 100 µg of resin/mL) assays. A strong antimicrobial activity was displayed by both resins against methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923(MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus ATCC 43300(MRSA) (MICs = 16–32 µg resin/mL). Additionally, the combination of LdRe or LnRe with the antibiotic cefotaxime showed an indifferent effect (FICI values = 1–1.25), however, this combinationcould be a potential strategy to reduce the drug doses, and in this way can be a potential alternative to reduce bacterial resistance. On the other hand, the resins showed a scarce nematicidal potential toward J2 Meloidogyne incognita; an important nematode infecting horticultural crops. Phenolics compounds were identified by UHPLC-PDA-OT-MS analysis, updating the knowledge on the chemical profile of these species. These results, together with the high content of quantified phenolics and flavonoids, allow the phenolics-enriched resins of these two Larrea species to be considered as a promising sustainable source of compounds of pharmacological interest.

Propolis is commercialized in Chile as an antimicrobial agent. It is obtained mainly from central and southern Chile, but is used for the same purposes regardless of its origin. To compare the antimicrobial effect, the total phenolic (TP), the total flavonoid (TF) content and the phenolic composition, 19 samples were collected in the main production centers in the Región del Maule, Chile. Samples were extracted with MeOH and assessed for antimicrobial activity against Gram (+) and Gram (−) bacteria. TP and TF content, antioxidant activity by the DPPH, FRAP and TEAC methods were also determined. Sample composition was assessed by HPLD-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. Differential compounds in the samples were isolated and characterized. The antimicrobial effect of the samples showed MICs ranging from 31.5 to > 1000 µg/mL. Propolis from the central valley was more effective as antibacterial than those from the coastal area or Andean slopes. The samples considered of interest (MIC ≤ 62.5 µg/mL) showed effect on Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas sp., Yersinia enterocolitica and Salmonella enteritidis. Two new diarylheptanoids, a diterpene, the flavonoids pinocembrin and chrysin were isolated and elucidated by spectroscopic and spectrometric means. Some 29 compounds were dereplicated by HPLC-MS and tentatively identified, including nine flavones/flavonol derivatives, one flavanone, eight dihydroflavonols and nine phenyl-propanoids. Propolis from the Región del Maule showed large variation in antimicrobial effect, antioxidant activity and composition. So far the presence of diarylheptanoids in samples from the coastal area of central Chile can be considered as a marker of a new type of propolis.

As controvérsias sobre as possíveis causas e efeitos do aquecimento global ainda são pouco divulgadas, mas não podem ser ignoradas. As previsões sobre a intensidade do aquecimento global bem como sobre suas causas e consequências, envolvem questões complexas sobre as quais a própria comunidade científica ainda não chegou a um consenso. O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir os diversos pontos de vista e interesses de uma situação-problema, como é o aquecimento global, não responsabilizando simplesmente a ação humana durante sua breve história na Terra, nem a ciclicidade climática do planeta, mas trazer informações importantes sobre o tema, auxiliando na formação de uma opinião embasada em resultados científicos. Conclui-se que há necessidade de aumentar as pesquisas sobre os diversos fatores que causam as flutuações e mudanças climáticas, estabelecendo comparações das características do presente aquecimento em relação às características dos paleoaquecimentos.

This research was designed to investigate the metabolite profiling, phenolics, and flavonoids content as well as the potential antioxidant and antibacterial, properties of orange-yellow resin from Zuccagnia punctata Cav (ZpRe). Metabolite profiling was obtained by a ultrahigh resolution liquid chromatography orbitrap MS analysis (UHPLC-ESI-OT-MS-MS). The antioxidant properties were screened by four methods: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay (DPPH), trolox equivalent antioxidant activity assay (TEAC), ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP), and lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes (LP)). The antibacterial activity was evaluated according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) rules. The resin displayed a strong DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 = 25.72 µg/mL) and showed a percentage of inhibition of LP close to that of the reference compound catechin (70% at 100 µg ZpRe/mL), while a moderated effect was observed in the FRAP and TEAC assays. The resin showed a content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds of 391 mg GAE/g and 313 mg EQ/g respectively. Fifty phenolics compounds were identified by ultrahigh resolution liquid chromatography orbitrap MS analysis (UHPLC-PDA-OT-MS) analysis. Thirty-one compounds are reported for the first time, updating the knowledge on the chemical profile of this species. The importance of the biomolecules identified support traditional use of this endemic plant. Furthermore, additional pharmacological data is presented that increase the potential interest of this plant for industrial sustainable applications.

The decoction of the local plant Baccharis grisebachii is used as a digestive, gastroprotective, external cicatrizing agent and antiseptic in Argentine. A lyophilized decoction (BLD) from the aerial parts of this plant was evaluated regarding its anti-ulcer, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities and the bioactivities were supported by UHPLC-MS metabolome fingerprinting which revealed the presence of several small bioactive compounds. The antioxidant properties were evaluated by DPPH, TEAC, FRAP and lipoperoxidation inhibition in erythrocytes methods, and the antibacterial activity was evaluated according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. The BLD showed a moderate free radical scavenging activity in the DPPH (EC50 = 106 µg/mL) and lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes assays (67%, at 250 µg/mL). However, the BLD had the highest gastroprotective effect at a dose of 750 mg/kg with a ninety-three percent inhibition of damage through a mechanism that involve NO and prostaglandins using the ethanol-induced gastric damage in a standard rat model. On the other hand, BLD does not induce cytotoxic changes on human tumor and no-tumor cell lines at the concentrations assayed. Regarding the metabolomic analysis, thirty-one compounds were detected and 30 identified based on UHPLC-OT-MS including twelve flavonoids, eleven cinnamic acid derivatives, one coumarin, one stilbene and two other different phenolic compounds. The results support that the medicinal decoction of Baccharis grisebachii is a valuable natural product with gastroprotective effects and with potential to improve human health that opens a pathway for the development of important phytomedicine products.

OBJECTIVE: To describe serum levels of the cytokines IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, as well as polymorphisms in the genes involved in their transcription, and their association with markers of the acute inflammatory response in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.METHODS: This was a descriptive, longitudinal study involving 81 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis treated at two referral hospitals. We collected data on sociodemographic variables and evaluated bacteriological conversion at the eighth week of antituberculosis treatment, gene polymorphisms related to the cytokines studied, and serum levels of those cytokines, as well as those of C-reactive protein (CRP). We also determined the ESR and CD4+ counts.RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 43 years; 67 patients (82.7%) were male; and 8 patients (9.9%) were infected with HIV. The ESR was highest in the patients with high IFN-γ levels and low IL-10 levels. IFN-γ and TNF-α gene polymorphisms at positions +874 and −238, respectively, showed no correlations with the corresponding cytokine serum levels. Low IL-10 levels were associated with IL-10 gene polymorphisms at positions −592 and −819 (but not −1082). There was a negative association between bacteriological conversion at the eighth week of treatment and CRP levels.CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that genetic markers and markers of acute inflammatory response are useful in predicting the response to antituberculosis treatment.

The petroleum ether extract of Baccharis darwinii showed activity against Cryptococcus neoformans and dermatophytes. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of Baccharis darwinii has resulted in the isolation of three coumarins: 5’-hydroxy aurapten (anisocoumarin H, 1), aurapten (7-geranyloxycoumarin, 2) and 5’-oxoaurapten (diversinin, 3). The structures of these compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods. These compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobialactivity against a panel of each, bacteria and fungi. Compound 3 showed the best activities against Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes with MICs = 15.6 µg/mL, followed by compound 1 whose MICs against the same fungi were 62.5 µg/mL. In addition they showed fungicidal rather than fungistatic activity. Both compounds showed moderate activity (MICs = 125 µg/mL) against Cryptococcus neoformans. This is the first report of the presence of compound 1 in B. darwinii.

The seriated extracts of petroleum ether (PE-E), dichloromethane (DCM-E) and methanol extracts (MeOH-E) from the aerial parts of the native South American plant Tetraglochin ameghinoi (Rosaceae), were evaluated regarding their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The antioxidant properties were evaluated by free radical scavenging methods (DPPH and TEAC), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and lipoperoxidation in erythrocytes (LP), while the antibacterial activity was performed against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. The chemical and biological analyses of this plant are very important since this bush is currently used in traditional medicine as a cholagogue and digestive. The polar MeOH-E showed the highest antioxidant activities (17.70 µg/mL in the DPPH assay, 381.43 ± 22.38 mM TE/g extract in the FRAP assay, 387.76 ± 91.93 mg TE/g extract in the TEAC assay and 93.23 + 6.77% in the LP assay) and it was selected for chromatographic isolation of its components. These components were found to be four acetophenones, including the new phloracetophenone glucoside: 4′,6′,-dihydroxy-2′-O-(6″-acetyl)-β-d-glucopyranosylacetophenone or IUPAC name: (6-(2-acetyl-3,5-dihydroxyphenoxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)methyl acetate, whose structure was elucidated by NMR and MS methods. In addition, twenty-six compounds, including five of these acetophenone derivatives, two sugars, six flavonoids, eleven phenolic acids and two triterpenes, were identified based on UHPLC-OT-MS and PDA analysis on the MeOH-E. The results support the medicinal use of the plant.

Resumo: O pneumotórax contralateral após pneumonectomia é uma situação rara. à necessário um alto índice de suspeição para um correcto diagnóstico, na ausência de exames complementares de diagnóstico. O trata-mento é um desafio, uma vez que a intervenção cirúr-gica, se necessária, é um procedimento de risco. A pleu-rodese química pode ser uma medida simples e eficaz, em casos sem fístula broncopleural importante.Descrevemos o caso clínico de uma doente de 21 anos com pneumotórax espontâneo em pulmão único, que colocou várias dificuldades, diagnósticas e terapêuticas. A presença de pulmão vicariante dificultou a interpreta-ção inicial do RX torácico. A doente apresentava fístula broncopleural de alto débito, sem expansão pulmonar completa, mesmo após colocação de um segundo dreno torácico, e a cirurgia torácica foi considerada de risco. Foi efectuada instilação de talco através de um dos drenos torácicos, com posterior resolução.Estamos convencidos de que a resolução da fístula broncopleural foi facilitada pela talcagem, mesmo sem expansão pulmonar total, que nunca se tinha conseguido.Rev Port Pneumol 2007; XIII (4): 613-617 Abstract: Spontaneous contralateral pneumothorax after pneumonectomy is a rare condition. A high index of suspicion is required for a correct diagnosis. Management can be challenging, as surgical intervention, if necessary, is a very high risk procedure. Chemical pleurodesis can be a simple and effective measure in cases with no major air leak. We describe the case of a 21-year-old female with spontaneous pneumothorax in a single lung, which posed several diagnostic and therapeutic problems. The presence of a âbuffalo chestâ made the initial chest x-ray interpretation difficult. The patient had an important air leak without complete pulmonary expansion and thoracic surgery was considered of risk. Accordingly, instillation of talc slurry through one of the thoracic drains was undertaken with eventual resolution. We are convinced that bron-co-pleural fistula resolution was facilitated by slurry talc, despite complete lung expansion never having been achieved.Rev Port Pneumol 2007; XIII (4): 613-617 Palavras-chave: Pneumotórax, pneumonectomia, pulmão vicariante, fístula broncopleural, slurry talc, Key-words: Pneumothorax, pneumonectomy, âbuffa-lo-chestâ, air-leak, slurry talc

Estudo transversal populacional da Disfunção Temporomandibular e Dor Orofacial (DTM e DOF) e correlações na Cidade de Maringá-Paraná-Brasil. Métodos: Os Eixos I (questões 0 a 7) e II do Critério de Diagnóstico para Pesquisa das Desordens Temporomandibulares (RDC/DTM) e o Questionário de Avaliação do Sono (SAQ) foram utilizados para avaliação de dor, sono, depressão e somatização. A amostra populacional foi de 568 pessoas com idade entre 20 e 65 anos, usuárias do Sistema de Saúde Público. Processamento e análise dos dados: após aplicação dos questionários, estes foram tabulados em planilhas do Pacote Microsoft Excel 2010. A análise será disposta em tabelas de frequências simples, através de tabelas para melhor visualização dos resultados. Resultados: A amostra fina (n= 568) constitui-se de predominantemente de mulheres (77,5%), com idade entre 30 e 39 anos e maior números de casados (49.6%). A maioria de etnia caucasiana (67,8%) e ensino superior completo (46,7%). A Classificação do Grau da Dor Crônica (GDC) demonstrou que a maioria apresentava-se sem dor ou com baixa intensidade de do (50,9%) sem limitação de atividades diárias pela dor (Grau 0 e I); contudo, (35%) dos participantes apresentavam alta intensidade de dor sem limitação das atividade diárias (Grau II), (14%) apresentavam limitação severa e moderada de atividades diárias em virtude da dor (Graus III e IV). Um baixo escore global de sono, depressão e somatização, e uma baixa correlação positiva com entre estas variáveis psicossociais e a Intensidade Característica da Dor (ICD) foi encontrada. Conclusão: Uma importante parcela da população brasileira apresenta necessidade de tratamento de DTM e DOF e o tratamento requer tratamento multifatorial. Pacientes com DTM que apresentam depressão maior somatização da dor.

RACIONAL: A síndrome hepatopulmonar é caracterizada por tríade clínica que consiste em: 1) doença hepática e/ou hipertensão portal, 2) dilatações vasculares intra-pulmonares, e 3) anormalidades da oxigenação arterial (pressão parcial de oxigênio 20 mm Hg). Sua freqüência varia de acordo com os métodos diagnósticos utilizados. OBJETIVOS: Fazer revisão da literatura sobre patogenia, diagnóstico e tratamento da síndrome hepatopulmonar. MÉTODOS: Levantamento no MEDLINE das publicações nacionais e internacionais mais relevantes sobre a síndrome hepatopulmonar. RESULTADOS: A prevalência da síndrome hepatopulmonar varia de 4% a 17,5%, a depender dos critérios diagnósticos utilizados. A doença hepática associada mais comum é a cirrose. O gradiente alvéolo-arterial de oxigênio parece ser o melhor parâmetro para avaliação das anormalidades da oxigenação arterial. Em relação à detecção das dilatações vasculares intra-pulmonares, a ecocardiografia com contraste é o método de escolha, pois é de fácil realização e pode diferenciar as comunicações intra-pulmonares das intra-cardíacas. No tratamento da síndrome hepatopulmonar, poucos relatos bem sucedidos puderam ser reproduzidos e confirmados utilizando terapia farmacológica e/ou radiologia intervencionista. Atualmente, o transplante de fígado é considerado a principal opção terapêutica desses pacientes, com resultados animadores. CONCLUSÕES: A síndrome hepatopulmonar é uma enfermidade freqüente. Exames gasométricos são necessários para o seu diagnóstico. O transplante de fígado é o tratamento de escolha para os portadores da síndrome.BACKGROUND: The hepatopulmonary syndrome is characterized by a clinical triad consisting of: 1) hepatic disease and/or portal hypertension, 2) intrapulmonary vascular dilatations, and 3) abnormal arterial oxygenations (partial oxygen pressure 20 mm Hg). Its frequency varies according to the diagnostic methods used. OBJECTIVES: To review the literature about the pathogeny, diagnosis and treatment of the hepatopulmonary syndrome. METHODS: A survey of the more relevant Brazilian and international publications on the hepatopulmonary syndrome in MEDLINE. RESULTS: The prevalence of the hepatopulmonary syndrome ranges from 4% to 17.5% depending on the diagnostic criteria used. The most commonly associated liver disease is cirrhosis. The alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient seems to be the best parameter for the assessment of the abnormalities of arterial oxygenation. For the detection of intrapulmonary vascular dilatations, contrast echocardiography is the method of choice because it is of easy execution and it can differentiate between the intrapulmonary and intracardiac communications. In the treatment of hepatopulmonary syndrome, it was possible to reproduce and confirm few successful reports using pharmacological therapy and/or intervention radiology. At present, liver transplantation is considered to be the main therapeutic option for these patients, with encouraging results. CONCLUSIONS: The hepatopulmonary syndrome is a frequent disease that requires blood gas measurements for diagnosis. Liver transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with the syndrome.

O espaço geográfico objeto deste estudo foi a fronteira Brasil-Bolívia, envolvendo as áreas urbanas dos municípios brasileiros de Corumbá e Ladário e das secciones municipales bolivianas de Puerto Quijarro e Puerto Suárez. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os elementos do espaço turístico fronteiriço, especulando sobre suas aproximações ou divergências com vistas a um planejamento integrado. Foram utilizados na metodologia de trabalho, dados secundários e resultantes do trabalho de campo. Essa fronteira produz um emaranhado de relações, de fluxos. Os elementos espaciais presentes imbricam complexas racionalidades ora aproximando, ora afastando e outras vezes desconsiderando as possibilidades que a fronteira pode traduzir.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to define the most suitable selective strategy for the simultaneous increment of yield components of green maize, by comparing three selection indexes weighted by economic weights and by the REML/BLUP method, in the assessment of predicted genetic gains for traits of interest. An experiment with 75 topcross hybrids from partially inbred S1 lines of green maize was carried out in Jataí, in the state of Goiás, Brazil, using a randomized complete block design, with four replicates. The following yield traits were evaluated: straw ears and commercial ears, grain mass, ear length, ear diameter, and number of ear rows. The selection indexes of Smith and Hazel, Williams, and Mulamba & Mock were applied and weighted for four economic weights (1, CVg, CVg/CVe, and h2). Among the tested selection indexes, those of Williams and Mulamba & Mock are the best-fit ones for the selection of topcross hybrids of green maize, as they provide positive and more balanced selection gains for all evaluated traits. The REML/BLUP method shows better predicted genetic gains than those achieved by the three selection indexes, besides being efficient for the selection of topcross hybrids of green maize.