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La sordoceguera se ha reconocido en muchas ocasiones como la discapacidad que mayor soledad y aislamiento puede provocar en el ser humano. Esta situación está motivada, en gran parte, por los problemas de comunicación o de incomunicación, en las dificultades —en muy diferentes grados— de poder comunicarse de manera normalizada con las personas de su entorno, siendo esta, por tanto, la característica más definitoria de la sordoceguera como discapacidad. Partiendo de la premisa que presupone una mayor prevalencia de los sentimientos de soledad no deseada en las personas con sordoceguera, producto, en gran medida, de situaciones de incomunicación y aislamiento, se exponen los resultados del estudio específico que, para analizar este aspecto en este colectivo, fue llevado a cabo por la ONCE. El objetivo general de este estudio es conocer la prevalencia de los sentimientos de soledad en las personas sordociegas afiliadas a la ONCE, identificando los factores tanto ambientales como personales que pueden contribuir a desencadenar, en las personas sordociegas, mayores niveles de percepción de este sentimiento. Este estudio se plantea como complementario al llevado a cabo con la población de personas con discapacidad visual en general, realizado entre finales del año 2021 y principios del 2022, dentro, igualmente, del mismo marco de referencia en el que la Organización establece las líneas de actuación para detectar y paliar los sentimientos de soledad no deseada entre sus afiliados, programa «A tu lado siempre».

Background Malaria diagnosis in many malaria-endemic countries relies mainly on the use of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). The majority of commercial RDTs used in Africa detect the Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2). pfhrp2/3 gene deletions can therefore lead to false-negative RDT results. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of PCR-confirmed, false-negative P. falciparum RDT results in Monrovia, Liberia. Methods PfHRP2-based RDT (Paracheck Pf®) and microscopy results from 1038 individuals with fever or history of fever (n = 951) and pregnant women at first antenatal care (ANC) visit (n = 87) enrolled in the Saint Joseph’s Catholic Hospital (Monrovia) from March to July 2019 were used to assess the frequency of false-negative RDT results. True–false negatives were confirmed by detecting the presence of P. falciparum DNA by quantitative PCR in samples from individuals with discrepant RDT and microscopy results. Samples that were positive by 18S rRNA qPCR but negative by PfHRP2-RDT were subjected to multiplex qPCR assay for detection of pfhrp2 and pfhrp3. Results One-hundred and eighty-six (19.6%) and 200 (21.0%) of the 951 febrile participants had a P. falciparum-positive result by RDT and microscopy, respectively. Positivity rate increased with age and the reporting of joint pain, chills and shivers, vomiting and weakness, and decreased with the presence of coughs and nausea. The positivity rate at first ANC visit was 5.7% (n = 5) and 8% (n = 7) by RDT and microscopy, respectively. Out of 207 Plasmodium infections detected by microscopy, 22 (11%) were negative by RDT. qPCR confirmed absence of P. falciparum DNA in the 16 RDT-negative but microscopy-positive samples which were available for molecular testing. Among the 14 samples that were positive by qPCR but negative by RDT and microscopy, 3 only amplified pfldh, and among these 3 all were positive for pfhrp2 and pfhrp3. Conclusion There is no qPCR-confirmed evidence of false-negative RDT results due to pfhrp2/pfhrp3 deletions in this study conducted in Monrovia (Liberia). This indicates that these deletions are not expected to affect the performance of PfHRP2-based RDTs for the diagnosis of malaria in Liberia. Nevertheless, active surveillance for the emergence of PfHRP2 deletions is required.

The efficacy of digital contact tracing against COVID-19 epidemic is debated: smartphone penetration is limited in many countries, non-uniform across age groups, with low coverage among elderly, the most vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2. We developed an agent-based model to precise the impact of digital contact tracing and household isolation on COVID-19 transmission. The model, calibrated on French population, integrates demographic, contact-survey and epidemiological information to describe the risk factors for exposure and transmission of COVID-19. We explored realistic levels of case detection, app adoption, population immunity and transmissibility. Assuming a reproductive ratio R = 2.6 and 50% detection of clinical cases, a ~20% app adoption reduces peak incidence by ~35%. With R = 1.7, >30% app adoption lowers the epidemic to manageable levels. Higher coverage among adults, playing a central role in COVID-19 transmission, yields an indirect benefit for elderly. These results may inform the inclusion of digital contact tracing within a COVID-19 response plan., This study was partially supported by the ANR project DATAREDUX (ANR-19-CE46-0008-01) to AB, VC and PYB; EU H2020 grants MOOD (H2020-874850) to VC, CP, and PYB, and RECOVER (H2020-101003589) to VC; the Municipality of Paris (https://www.paris.fr/) through the programme Emergence(s) to JAML, BAG, PB, FP and CP; the ANR and Fondation de France through the project NoCOV (00105995) to PYB, CP; the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation to JAML and BAG, the AEI and FEDER (EU) under the grant PACSS (RTI2018-093732-B-C22) JAML and BAG; the Maria de Maeztu program for Units of Excellence in R&D (MDM-2017-0711) to JAML and BAG.