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AbstractThis quarter’s report starts with a review of the one-day Potomac Technical Processing Librarians Annual Meeting, with topics focused on the status of linked data. Next is an American Association of Law Libraries Meeting and Conference session on format migration that, while given from a law library perspective, provides useful information for all professionals working through print to electronic format changes. The remainder of the conference reports are from the 2022 Charleston Conference and start with a virtual session on electronic resource licenses that is an excellent summary for those responsible for negotiating licenses. The in-person conference reports cover sessions on an assessment framework for negotiating transformative agreements, an overview of a new cooperative collections project that will be standards based, and one on mis- and dis-information with specific guidance for publishers and librarians’ collection development efforts. The final reports cover two panel sessions on preservation – one on the importance of digital preservation and the other on a preservation policy from NASIG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study investigated common discourse features in the Spanish of six novice-level Spanish second language learners, as evidenced in oral interviews by two interviewers. Features examined included use of cohesive devices, use of the first language, whispering to self, scaffolding with the interviewer to express themselves, and negotiation. Results in each of these areas are discussed, illustrated with excerpts from the interviews. Results indicate that novice-level learners do attempt to produce cohesive discourse and use cohesive devices increasingly as proficiency increases; learners did not readily transfer first-language rules regarding pronoun usage, but exploited the Spanish pro-drop feature to promote cohesive discourse; as proficiency increases, learners attempt to use more conjunctions and similar devices; and scaffolding and negotiation were important features of novice-level discourse. Revisions to the ACTFL Novice Oral Proficiency Guidelines are recommended, based on these findings. Contains 17 references. (MSE)

Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by eosinophil recruitment, eosinophil peroxidase release, and protein oxidation through bromination, which following tissue remodeling results in excretion of 3-bromotyrosine. Predicting exacerbations and reducing their frequency is critical for the treatment of severe asthma. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether urinary total conjugated bromotyrosine can discriminate asthma severity and predict asthma exacerbations. We collected urine from participants with severe (n = 253) and nonsevere (n = 178) asthma, and the number of adjudicated exacerbations in 1-yr longitudinal follow-up was determined among subjects enrolled in the Severe Asthma Research Program, a largescale National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded consortium. Urine glucuronidated bromotyrosine and total conjugated forms were quantified by hydrolysis with either glucuronidase or methanesulfonic acid, respectively, followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analyses of free 3-bromotyrosine. Blood and sputum eosinophils were also counted. The majority of 3-bromotyrosine in urine was found to exist in conjugated forms, with glucuronidated bromotyrosine representing approximately a third, and free bromotyrosine less than 1% of total conjugated bromotyrosine. Total conjugated bromotyrosine was poorly correlated with blood (r² = 0.038) or sputum eosinophils (r² = 0.0069). Compared with participants with nonsevere asthma, participants with severe asthma had significantly higher urinary total conjugated bromotyrosine levels. Urinary total conjugated bromotyrosine was independently associated with asthma severity, correlated with the number of asthma exacerbations, and served as a predictor of asthma exacerbation risk over 1-yr of follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Floodplain ecosystems host diverse surface‐water habitats (e.g., lotic, lentic, ephemeral) and groundwater features that support high levels of species diversity. Our understanding of species–habitat relationships within these complex ecosystems, however, remains incomplete, potentially hindering conservation efforts. Understanding associations between burrowing crayfish and habitat features of floodplains is particularly valuable because crayfish, through burrowing, play an important role in establishing aquatic‐terrestrial connections which enhance local biodiversity. Species of crayfish that persist in floodplains must burrow deep enough to access shallow groundwater. Consequently, burrow presence may indicate a preference for specific surface and subsurface habitat characteristics. The primary goal of our study was to evaluate specific habitat attributes as predictors of burrowing crayfish presence/absence, and our secondary goal was to evaluate species‐specific habitat associations with respect to the same environmental variables.We evaluated burrowing crayfish presence/absence and crayfish species composition with respect to groundwater depth, flood frequency (standing surface water), soil characteristics, and tree size in the Bogue Chitto Creek catchment, Dallas County, Alabama, U.S.A. Active burrows were expected at sites with access to water (a shallow water table) and at sites with environmental variables more conducive to burrow stability (fine‐grained soils and mature trees). Species composition was predicted to vary with groundwater depth and flood frequency.Groundwater depth was the primary driver of burrowing crayfish presence/absence in our system; active burrows were more likely to be present in areas with relatively shallow groundwater depths. Within occupied sites, differences in crayfish species composition were significantly associated with the degree of flooding during the 1‐year study period.Species associated with a high dependence on surface waters were collected alongside species dependent on burrowing to access groundwater, suggesting that the environmental features of floodplains satisfy a diverse set of requirements. In particular, sites offering a mosaic of accessible groundwater depths and floodplain pools may provide critical habitat for diverse assemblages of burrowing crayfish species.Our study revealed a strong association between the presence/absence of active crayfish burrows and the depth to groundwater, a result that supports using burrowing crayfish as indicators of accessible groundwater. This will be increasingly important in the context of how climate change might influence water availability and local species diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This quarter's column offers a report from the 2018 annual meeting of the Ex Libris Users of North America (ELUNA), as well as coverage of sessions from the annual meeting of the Northern Ohio Technical Services Librarians (NOTSL). A handful of reports were also collected from courses offered at the FORCE11 Scholarly Communications Institute. Topics covered include features within ExLibris's Alma library that support print serials operations, current and future developments in serials librarianship, and critiques about open peer review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]