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4. Give industry a chance to help

Author

Beard, Michael and Donohue, David

Subjects
HYDROGRAPHY - Equipment, SURVEYING, MAPS AND MAPPING - Equipment, CONTRACTED SERVICES - Costs
Abstract

illus tab

Published
2015

7. Long-term perturbation of the peripheral immune system months after SARS-CoV-2 infection

Author

Ryan, Feargal J, Hope, Christopher M, Masavuli, Makutiro G, Lynn, Miriam A, Mekonnen, Zelalem A, Yeow, Arthur Eng Lip, Garcia-Valtanen, Pablo, Al-Delfi, Zahraa, Gummow, Jason, Ferguson, Catherine, O’Connor, Stephanie, Reddi, Benjamin AJ, Hissaria, Pravin, Shaw, David, Kok-Lim, Chuan, Gleadle, Jonathan M, Beard, Michael R, Barry, Simon C, Grubor-Bauk, Branka, and Lynn, David J

Subjects
Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vaccine Related, Pneumonia & Influenza, Lung, Pneumonia, Prevention, Infectious Diseases, Genetics, Biodefense, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Antibodies, Viral, COVID-19, Humans, Immune System, SARS-CoV-2, Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome, Immunity, RNA-Seq, T cell, Antibody responses, Convalescent patients, Immunophenotyping, Long COVID, Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19, Post COVID-19 condition, Medical and Health Sciences, General & Internal Medicine
Abstract

BackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly infectious respiratory virus which is responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It is increasingly clear that recovered individuals, even those who had mild COVID-19, can suffer from persistent symptoms for many months after infection, a condition referred to as "long COVID", post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, or post COVID-19 condition. However, despite the plethora of research on COVID-19, relatively little is known about the molecular underpinnings of these long-term effects.MethodsWe have undertaken an integrated analysis of immune responses in blood at a transcriptional, cellular, and serological level at 12, 16, and 24 weeks post-infection (wpi) in 69 patients recovering from mild, moderate, severe, or critical COVID-19 in comparison to healthy uninfected controls. Twenty-one of these patients were referred to a long COVID clinic and > 50% reported ongoing symptoms more than 6 months post-infection.ResultsAnti-Spike and anti-RBD IgG responses were largely stable up to 24 wpi and correlated with disease severity. Deep immunophenotyping revealed significant differences in multiple innate (NK cells, LD neutrophils, CXCR3+ monocytes) and adaptive immune populations (T helper, T follicular helper, and regulatory T cells) in convalescent individuals compared to healthy controls, which were most strongly evident at 12 and 16 wpi. RNA sequencing revealed significant perturbations to gene expression in COVID-19 convalescents until at least 6 months post-infection. We also uncovered significant differences in the transcriptome at 24 wpi of convalescents who were referred to a long COVID clinic compared to those who were not.ConclusionsVariation in the rate of recovery from infection at a cellular and transcriptional level may explain the persistence of symptoms associated with long COVID in some individuals.

Published
2022

8. SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant escapes neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses more efficiently than other variants in mild COVID-19 convalescents

Author

Garcia-Valtanen, Pablo, Hope, Christopher M, Masavuli, Makutiro G, Yeow, Arthur Eng Lip, Balachandran, Harikrishnan, Mekonnen, Zelalem A, Al-Delfi, Zahraa, Abayasingam, Arunasingam, Agapiou, David, Stella, Alberto Ospina, Aggarwal, Anupriya, Bouras, George, Gummow, Jason, Ferguson, Catherine, O’Connor, Stephanie, McCartney, Erin M, Lynn, David J, Maddern, Guy, Gowans, Eric J, Reddi, Benjamin AJ, Shaw, David, Kok-Lim, Chuan, Beard, Michael R, Weiskopf, Daniela, Sette, Alessandro, Turville, Stuart G, Bull, Rowena A, Barry, Simon C, and Grubor-Bauk, Branka

Subjects
Infectious Diseases, Pneumonia & Influenza, Pneumonia, Prevention, Biodefense, Lung, Immunization, Vaccine Related, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Antibodies, Viral, COVID-19, Humans, Reinfection, SARS-CoV-2, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, T-Lymphocytes, T cell immunity, Variant of Concern, antibody response, antigen drift, memory B cells, virus neutralization
Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescents living in regions with low vaccination rates rely on post-infection immunity for protection against re-infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We evaluate humoral and T cell immunity against five variants of concern (VOCs) in mild-COVID-19 convalescents at 12 months after infection with ancestral virus. In this cohort, ancestral, receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific antibody and circulating memory B cell levels are conserved in most individuals, and yet serum neutralization against live B.1.1.529 (Omicron) is completely abrogated and significantly reduced for other VOCs. Likewise, ancestral SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T cell frequencies are maintained in >50% of convalescents, but the cytokine response in these cells to mutated spike epitopes corresponding to B.1.1.529 and B.1.351 (Beta) VOCs were impaired. These results indicate that increased antigen variability in VOCs impairs humoral and spike-specific T cell immunity post-infection, strongly suggesting that COVID-19 convalescents are vulnerable and at risk of re-infection with VOCs, thus stressing the importance of vaccination programs.

Published
2022

11. A Solution for Large-scale Multi-object Tracking

Author

Beard, Michael, Vo, Ba Tuong, and Vo, Ba-Ngu

Subjects
Statistics - Computation
Abstract

A large-scale multi-object tracker based on the generalised labeled multi-Bernoulli (GLMB) filter is proposed. The algorithm is capable of tracking a very large, unknown and time-varying number of objects simultaneously, in the presence of a high number of false alarms, as well as misdetections and measurement origin uncertainty due to closely spaced objects. The algorithm is demonstrated on a simulated large-scale tracking scenario, where the peak number objects appearing simultaneously exceeds one million. To evaluate the performance of the proposed tracker, we also introduce a new method of applying the optimal sub-pattern assignment (OSPA) metric, and an efficient strategy for its evaluation in large-scale scenarios., Comment: 17 pages, 4 figures

Published
2018

12. An Overview of Particle Methods for Random Finite Set Models

Author

Ristic, Branko, Beard, Michael, and Fantacci, Claudio

Subjects
Computer Science - Systems and Control
Abstract

This overview paper describes the particle methods developed for the implementation of the a class of Bayes filters formulated using the random finite set formalism. It is primarily intended for the readership already familiar with the particle methods in the context of the standard Bayes filter. The focus in on the Bernoulli particle filter, the probability hypothesis density (PHD) particle filter and the generalised labelled multi-Bernoulli (GLMB) particle filter. The performance of the described filters is demonstrated in the context of bearings-only target tracking application., Comment: 50 pages including 6 figures in Information Fusion, 2016

Published
2016

14. Void Probabilities and Cauchy-Schwarz Divergence for Generalized Labeled Multi-Bernoulli Models

Author

Beard, Michael, Vo, Ba-Tuong, Vo, Ba-Ngu, and Arulampalam, Sanjeev

Subjects
Statistics - Computation
Abstract

The generalized labeled multi-Bernoulli (GLMB) is a family of tractable models that alleviates the limitations of the Poisson family in dynamic Bayesian inference of point processes. In this paper, we derive closed form expressions for the void probability functional and the Cauchy-Schwarz divergence for GLMBs. The proposed analytic void probability functional is a necessary and sufficient statistic that uniquely characterizes a GLMB, while the proposed analytic Cauchy-Schwarz divergence provides a tractable measure of similarity between GLMBs. We demonstrate the use of both results on a partially observed Markov decision process for GLMBs, with Cauchy-Schwarz divergence based reward, and void probability constraint., Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures, submitted to IEEE Transactions on Information Theory

Published
2015

15. Multiple Extended Target Tracking with Labelled Random Finite Sets

Author

Beard, Michael, Reuter, Stephan, Granström, Karl, Vo, Ba-Tuong, Vo, Ba-Ngu, and Scheel, Alexander

Subjects
Statistics - Computation
Abstract

Targets that generate multiple measurements at a given instant in time are commonly known as extended targets. These present a challenge for many tracking algorithms, as they violate one of the key assumptions of the standard measurement model. In this paper, a new algorithm is proposed for tracking multiple extended targets in clutter, that is capable of estimating the number of targets, as well the trajectories of their states, comprising the kinematics, measurement rates and extents. The proposed technique is based on modelling the multi-target state as a generalised labelled multi-Bernoulli (GLMB) random finite set (RFS), within which the extended targets are modelled using gamma Gaussian inverse Wishart (GGIW) distributions. A cheaper variant of the algorithm is also proposed, based on the labelled multi-Bernoulli (LMB) filter. The proposed GLMB/LMB-based algorithms are compared with an extended target version of the cardinalised probability hypothesis density (CPHD) filter, and simulation results show that the (G)LMB has improved estimation and tracking performance., Comment: 13 pages, 10 figures, submitted to IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing

Published
2015
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16. Generalized Labeled Multi-Bernoulli Approximation of Multi-Object Densities

Author

Papi, Francesco, Vo, Ba-Ngu, Vo, Ba-Tuong, Fantacci, Claudio, and Beard, Michael

Subjects
Statistics - Other Statistics
Abstract

In multi-object inference, the multi-object probability density captures the uncertainty in the number and the states of the objects as well as the statistical dependence between the objects. Exact computation of the multi-object density is generally intractable and tractable implementations usually require statistical independence assumptions between objects. In this paper we propose a tractable multi-object density approximation that can capture statistical dependence between objects. In particular, we derive a tractable Generalized Labeled Multi-Bernoulli (GLMB) density that matches the cardinality distribution and the first moment of the labeled multi-object distribution of interest. It is also shown that the proposed approximation minimizes the Kullback-Leibler divergence over a special tractable class of GLMB densities. Based on the proposed GLMB approximation we further demonstrate a tractable multi-object tracking algorithm for generic measurement models. Simulation results for a multi-object Track-Before-Detect example using radar measurements in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) scenarios verify the applicability of the proposed approach.

Published
2014
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24. What 'Isa ibn Hisham Told Us, or, A Period of Time

Author

Beard, Michael

Subjects
Muhammad al-Muwaylihi: What 'Isa ibn Hisham Told Us, or, A Period of Time, 2 vols. (Collection) -- Allen, Roger -- Book reviews, Ethnic, cultural, racial issues/studies
Abstract

Muhammad al-Muwaylihi. What 'Isa ibn Hisham Told Us, or, A Period of Time. Ed. and trans. ROGER ALLEN. 2 vols. Library of Arabic Literature. New York: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY PRESS, [...]

Published
2019

25. Statement in Support of: “Virology under the Microscope—a Call for Rational Discourse”

Author

Speck, Peter, primary, Mackenzie, Jason, additional, Bull, Rowena A., additional, Slobedman, Barry, additional, Drummer, Heidi, additional, Fraser, Johanna, additional, Herrero, Lara, additional, Helbig, Karla, additional, Londrigan, Sarah, additional, Moseley, Gregory, additional, Prow, Natalie, additional, Hansman, Grant, additional, Edwards, Robert, additional, Ahlenstiel, Chantelle, additional, Abendroth, Allison, additional, Tscharke, David, additional, Hobson-Peters, Jody, additional, Kriiger-Loterio, Robson, additional, Parry, Rhys, additional, Marsh, Glenn, additional, Harding, Emma, additional, Jacques, David A., additional, Gartner, Matthew J., additional, Lee, Wen Shi, additional, McAuley, Julie, additional, Vaz, Paola, additional, Sainsbury, Frank, additional, Tate, Michelle D., additional, Sinclair, Jane, additional, Imrie, Allison, additional, Rawlinson, Stephen, additional, Harman, Andrew, additional, Carr, Jillian M., additional, Monson, Ebony A., additional, Hibma, Merilyn, additional, Mahony, Timothy J., additional, Tu, Thomas, additional, Center, Robert J., additional, Shrestha, Lok Bahadur, additional, Hall, Robyn, additional, Warner, Morgyn, additional, Ward, Vernon, additional, Anderson, Danielle E., additional, Eyre, Nicholas S., additional, Netzler, Natalie E., additional, Peel, Alison J., additional, Revill, Peter, additional, Beard, Michael, additional, Legione, Alistair R., additional, Spencer, Alexandra J., additional, Idris, Adi, additional, Forwood, Jade, additional, Sarker, Subir, additional, Purcell, Damian F. J., additional, Bartlett, Nathan, additional, Deerain, Joshua M., additional, Brew, Bruce J., additional, Asgari, Sassan, additional, Farrell, Helen, additional, Khromykh, Alexander, additional, Enosi Tuipulotu, Daniel, additional, Anderson, David, additional, Mese, Sevim, additional, Tayyar, Yaman, additional, Edenborough, Kathryn, additional, Uddin, Jasim Muhammad, additional, Hussain, Abrar, additional, Daymond, Connor J. I., additional, Agius, Jacinta, additional, Johnson, Karyn N., additional, Shirmast, Paniz, additional, Abedinzadeshahri, Mahdi, additional, MacDiarmid, Robin, additional, Ashley, Caroline L., additional, Laws, Jay, additional, Furfaro, Lucy L., additional, Burton, Thomas D., additional, Johnson, Stephen M. R., additional, Telikani, Zahra, additional, Petrone, Mary, additional, Roby, Justin A., additional, Samer, Carolyn, additional, Suhrbier, Andreas, additional, Van Der Kamp, April, additional, Cunningham, Anthony, additional, Donato, Celeste, additional, Mahar, Jackie, additional, Black, Wesley D., additional, Vasudevan, Subhash, additional, Lenchine, Roman, additional, Spann, Kirsten, additional, Rawle, Daniel J., additional, Rudd, Penny, additional, Neil, Jessica, additional, Kingston, Richard, additional, Newsome, Timothy P., additional, Kim, Ki Wook, additional, Mak, Johnson, additional, Lowry, Kym, additional, Bryant, Nathan, additional, Meers, Joanne, additional, Roberts, Jason A., additional, McMillan, Nigel, additional, Labzin, Larisa I., additional, Slonchak, Andrii, additional, Hugo, Leon E., additional, Henzeler, Bennett, additional, Newton, Natalee D., additional, David, Cassandra T., additional, Reading, Patrick C., additional, Esneau, Camille, additional, Briody, Tatiana, additional, Nasr, Najla, additional, McNeale, Donna, additional, McSharry, Brian, additional, Fakhri, Omid, additional, Horsburgh, Bethany A., additional, Logan, Grant, additional, Howley, Paul, additional, and Young, Paul, additional

Published
2023
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29. Constitutive expression and distinct properties of IFN-epsilon protect the female reproductive tract from Zika virus infection

Author

Coldbeck-Shackley, Rosa C., primary, Romeo, Ornella, additional, Rosli, Sarah, additional, Gearing, Linden J., additional, Gould, Jodee A., additional, Lim, San S., additional, Van der Hoek, Kylie H., additional, Eyre, Nicholas S., additional, Shue, Byron, additional, Robertson, Sarah A., additional, Best, Sonja M., additional, Tate, Michelle D., additional, Hertzog, Paul J., additional, and Beard, Michael R., additional

Published
2023
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30. A Data Driven Approach to the Development and Evaluation of Acoustic Electric Vehicle Alerting Systems for Vision Impaired Pedestrians

Author

Roan, Michael J., Beard, Michael, Neurauter, Luke, Miller, Marty, Roan, Michael J., Beard, Michael, Neurauter, Luke, and Miller, Marty

Abstract

The number of electric vehicles on the road increases exponentially every year. Due to the quieter nature of these vehicles when operating at low speeds, there is significant concern that pedestrians and bicyclists will be at increased risk of vehicle collisions. This research explores the detectability of six electric vehicle acoustic additive sounds produced by two sound dispersion techniques: (1) using the factory approach versus (2) an exciter transducer-based system. Detectability was initially measured using on-road participant tests and was then replicated in a high-fidelity immersive reality lab. Results were analyzed through both mean detection distances and pedestrian probability of detection. This research aims to verify the lab environment in order to allow for a broader range of potential test scenarios, more repeatable tests, and faster test sessions. Along with pedestrian drive-by tests, supplemental experiments were conducted to evaluate stationary vehicle acoustics, 10 and 20 km/h drive by acoustics, and interior acoustics of each additive sound.

Published
2023

34. An Evaluation of Laboratory and Test Road Environments and Electric Vehicle Warning Sounds and Systems

Author

Beard, Michael Hansen, Mechanical Engineering, Roan, Michael J., Barry, Oumar, and Tarazaga, Pablo Alberto

Subjects
Detection, Warning Sounds, Electric Vehicles, Listener tests
Abstract

The number of electric vehicles on the road is increasing rapidly every year. Due to the decreased sound produced by these vehicles at low speeds, there is significant concern that pedestrians and bicyclists will be at increased risk of vehicle collisions. This is particularly true for those with vision impairment who cannot rely on visual cues to alert them of an approaching vehicle. This thesis explores pedestrian aural detectability of six electric vehicle additive sounds produced by two additive sound systems: a modified version of the factory equipped system and a prototype exciter transducer-based system. All additive sounds and systems were first evaluated for regulatory compliance at stationary, 10 km/h, and 20 km/h conditions and then pedestrian detectability was assessed using 16 blind folded participants and on-road drive by tests. Participant drive by tests were then replicated using 3D sound field recordings played in a high-fidelity immersive reality lab. Results were used to verify the accuracy of lab environment and its potential applicability to future testing. The exciter transducer acoustic warning system was found to created more uniform sound levels on the passenger and drivers' sides of the vehicle than the factory system but produced lower sound levels on the front side of the vehicle. Additive sound modulation rate was not determined to be a key differentiator in pedestrian detectability and low frequency emphasis sounds were found to have the highest level of pedestrian detectability. As expected, vehicle speed played a critical role in participant detection with the 20 km/h speed condition producing higher average detection distances. The immersive reality lab was found to not replicate on-road environment however a perceived linear offset was observed between the two environments. Master of Science The number of electric vehicles on the road increases every year due to growing consumer demand for clean and sustainable transportation. Due to the decreased sound produced by these vehicles at low speeds there is significant concern that pedestrians and bicyclists will be at increased risk of vehicle collisions. This is particularly true for those with vision impairment who cannot rely on visual cues to alert them of an approaching vehicle. This thesis explores pedestrians' ability to detect six electric vehicle additive sounds produced by two sound systems: a modified version of the factory equipped system and a prototype system designed to produce uniform sound around the vehicle. All sounds and systems were evaluated see if they met current regulations at stationary, 10 km/h, and 20 km/h conditions. Pedestrians' ability to detect the vehicle was assessed using 16 blind folded participants and on-road tests where participants were asked to press a button when they heard an approaching vehicle. Participant drive by tests were then replicated using recordings taken on the same section of road and played in a lab environment. Results were used to see if the lab environment matched the results seen on the road. The prototype system created more uniform sound levels on the passenger and drivers' sides of the vehicle than the factory system but consistently produced lower sound levels on the front side of the vehicle. Sound modulation rate was not determined to be a key differentiator in pedestrian detectability and low frequency emphasis sounds were found to be the most easily detected by pedestrians. As expected, vehicle speed played a critical role in participant detection with the 20 km/h speed condition producing higher detection distances. The lab environment was found to not replicate on-road environment however similar offsets and sound ordering was observed between the two environments. Further work will be needed assess and correct this disagreement.

Published
2022

35. Human Liver Organoids as a Patient-derived Model for HBV Infection and Cellular Response

Author

Lim, Chuan Kok, primary, Romeo, Ornella, additional, Chilver, Andrew P, additional, Tran, Bang Manh, additional, Flanagan, Dustin J, additional, Kirby, Emily N, additional, Breen, James, additional, Vincan, Elizabeth, additional, Warner, Nadia, additional, McCartney, Erin M, additional, Van Der Hoek, Mark B, additional, Ruszkiewicz, Andrew, additional, Tse, Edmund, additional, and Beard, Michael R, additional

Published
2022
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37. Constitutive expression and distinct properties of IFN-epsilon protect the female reproductive tract from Zika virus infection

Author

Coldbeck-Shackley, Rosa C., primary, Romeo, Ornella, additional, Rosli, Sarah, additional, Gearing, Linden J., additional, Gould, Jodee A., additional, Lim, San S., additional, Van der Hoek, Kylie H., additional, Eyre, Nicholas S., additional, Shue, Byron, additional, Robertson, Sarah A., additional, Best, Sonja M., additional, Tate, Michelle D., additional, Hertzog, Paul J., additional, and Beard, Michael R., additional

Published
2022
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40. Reflections on modern literatures of the Middle East (Interview)

Author

Beard, Michael

Subjects
Middle Eastern literature -- Analysis, Literature/writing
Abstract

In this interview, the distinguished comparatist and translator Michael Beard addresses questions posed by fellow literature scholars: Ferial Ghazoul, Barbara Harlow, Samia Mehrez, Amy Motlagh, Kamran Rastegar, and Doris Shoukri. [...]

Published
2015

43. Additional file 10 of Long-term perturbation of the peripheral immune system months after SARS-CoV-2 infection

Author

Ryan, Feargal J., Hope, Christopher M., Masavuli, Makutiro G., Lynn, Miriam A., Mekonnen, Zelalem A., Yeow, Arthur Eng Lip, Garcia-Valtanen, Pablo, Al-Delfi, Zahraa, Gummow, Jason, Ferguson, Catherine, O���Connor, Stephanie, Reddi, Benjamin A. J., Hissaria, Pravin, Shaw, David, Kok-Lim, Chuan, Gleadle, Jonathan M., Beard, Michael R., Barry, Simon C., Grubor-Bauk, Branka, and Lynn, David J.

Abstract

Additional file 10. Symptom questionnaire sent to patients to assess presence of long COVID associated symptoms.

Published
2022
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44. Additional file 3 of Long-term perturbation of the peripheral immune system months after SARS-CoV-2 infection

Author

Ryan, Feargal J., Hope, Christopher M., Masavuli, Makutiro G., Lynn, Miriam A., Mekonnen, Zelalem A., Yeow, Arthur Eng Lip, Garcia-Valtanen, Pablo, Al-Delfi, Zahraa, Gummow, Jason, Ferguson, Catherine, O���Connor, Stephanie, Reddi, Benjamin A. J., Hissaria, Pravin, Shaw, David, Kok-Lim, Chuan, Gleadle, Jonathan M., Beard, Michael R., Barry, Simon C., Grubor-Bauk, Branka, and Lynn, David J.

Abstract

Additional file 3: Figure S3: Adjusting for differences in immune cell populations. We repeated the differential expression analysis multiple times, each time adjusting for differences in the frequency of major immune cell populations among individuals. Each panel shows the enrichment of selected pathways (same as those shown in Fig. 4F) among genes identified as being significantly up-regulated in each analysis (FDR 1.25-fold). None = no immune cell population adjustment.

Published
2022
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45. Additional file 2 of Long-term perturbation of the peripheral immune system months after SARS-CoV-2 infection

Author

Ryan, Feargal J., Hope, Christopher M., Masavuli, Makutiro G., Lynn, Miriam A., Mekonnen, Zelalem A., Yeow, Arthur Eng Lip, Garcia-Valtanen, Pablo, Al-Delfi, Zahraa, Gummow, Jason, Ferguson, Catherine, O���Connor, Stephanie, Reddi, Benjamin A. J., Hissaria, Pravin, Shaw, David, Kok-Lim, Chuan, Gleadle, Jonathan M., Beard, Michael R., Barry, Simon C., Grubor-Bauk, Branka, and Lynn, David J.

Abstract

Additional file 2: Figure S2: Expression of genes in two pathways identified as downregulated in COVID-19 convalescents and healthy controls. (A) Reactome pathway R-HSA-76002 ���Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation��� and (B) KEGG pathway hsa00190 ���Oxidative phosphorylation���. Oxidative phosphorylation genes are sub-divided into nuclear and mitochondrially encoded, with the same x axis order of samples in each panel. Only differentially expressed genes (FDR 1.25-fold) within each pathway are shown. (C) Serum CRP levels in samples collected from healthy controls (HC) and COVID-19 convalescent individuals at 12, 16 and 24 weeks post infection.

Published
2022
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48. Evolution of the ID Process at Sprint: A Practitioner's Perspective.

Author

Beard, Michael W.

Abstract

Provides instructional developers' (ID) insights and observations based on the experiences of a training and development organization, Sprint's University of Excellence (UE), as it evolved from a small group of 20-25 individuals in 1990 to a large business unit comprising almost 400 individuals in 1999. Discussion includes course development standards, creation of the design document, and future directions. (AEF)

Published
1999

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