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Tenuipalpu s protium sp. nov. Castro, Feres & Ochoa (Figs 1���14) Diagnosis. Female: Prodorsal setae v2 minute; sc1 short, obovate; sc2 elongate, lanceolate-falcate; dorsal opisthosoma with 10 pairs of setae (f2 present); most of the dorsal opisthosomal setae obovate (c3, h1) to elongate oblanceolate (c1, e3, f2, f3), except setae d1, d3 and e1 short to minute and thick, and h2 elongate, filiform; prodorsum with a pair of oblique carinae converging posteriorly from setae sc1 to a short central semicircular carina just anterior to shield margin and sejugal furrow. Opisthosoma with a transverse cuticular crest between setae c1���c1 and d1���d1 and a longitudinal crest between setae e1���e1; palp two segmented; two pairs of ps setae; one pair of 3a and 4a setae. Male: unknown. Immatures: deutonymphs and protonymphs with lateral body projection anterior and adjacent to setae sc2 present (lateral body projection associated with setae c3 absent); dorsal setae similar to those of the female, except sc1 and c1 smaller, and setae d1, d3, e1 finer. Larvae with colliculate cuticle on central prodorsum, dorsal opisthosoma posterior to setae d3 and e1, and over legs. Female (n = 10) (Figs 1���10). Body size measurements: distance between setae v2 ���h1 255 (240���255), sc2���sc2 175 (170���175); other measurements: v2���v2 35 (35���40), sc1���sc1 95 (90���95), c1���c1 50 (42���50), c3���c3 215 (205��� 215), d1���d1 42 (40���45), d3���d3 165 (160���165), e1��� e1 37 (32���37), e3���e3 130 (120���130), f2���f2 115 (100���115), f3���f3 93 (82���93), h1���h1 50 (45���50), h2���h2 67 (62���67). Dorsum (Figs 1���4). Anterior margin of prodorsal shield with two pairs of median lobes, central pair forming a forked projection with a deep notch, and lateral pair forming two shallow notches (see also Fig. 8b). Prodorsal margin with one pair of small rounded lateral projections anterior and adjacent to setae sc2; and anterolateral margin of dorsal opisthosoma with a pair of pointed conical (Fig. 4) projections posterior and adjacent to setae c3. Prodorsum with a pair of oblique carinae converging posteriorly from setae sc1 to short central semicircular carina just anterior to shield margin and sejugal furrow. Opisthosoma with one transverse semicircular cuticular crest between setae c1���c1 and d1���d1 and one longitudinal crest between setae e1���e1. Prodorsal setae v2 minute, sc1 short, obovate; sc2 elongate, lanceolate-falcate; opisthosomal setae c3, h1 obovate, setae c1, e3, f2 and f3 elongate, oblanceolate; setae d1, d3 and e1 short to minute, and h2 elongate, filiform. Setal measurements: v2 6 (5���6), sc1 11 (10���11), sc2 74 (72���80), c1 56 (47���59), c3 44 (36���50), d1 10 (8���10), d3 6 (6���7), e1 10 (6���10), e3 57 (57���67), f2 57 (57-63), f3 52 (50���52), h1 35 (33���36), h2 140 (120���145). Venter (Figs 5, 6). Ventral integument with fine striae centrally and densely colliculate cuticle laterally (Fig. 6a); ventral and genital plates not thickened but membranous genital flap is present (Fig. 6b) that appears to form part of a large membranous plate bearing setae ag, g1, g2, which is clearly delimited laterally by the (longitudinal) folded cuticle of the ovipore; entire membranous flap with fine transverse striae; membranous anal valves with fine longitudinal striae; setae 1a, 4a filiform; coxal setae 1c, 2c, 3b and 4b and trochanter setae barbed; coxal setae 4b inserted much closer to 4a than 3b to 3a. Setal measurements: 1a 80 (65���85), 1b 9 (8���10), 1c 21 (21���24), 2b 25 (18���25), 2c 30 (30���31), 3a 13 (9���13), 3b 35 (28���35), 4a 100 (70���105), 4b 25 (25���29), ag 10 (8���10), g1 13 (11���13), g2 15 (12���16), ps2 10 (9���10), ps3 13 (10���13). Gnathosoma (Figs 7, 8). Palps two segmented, first (basal) segment short; second (distal) segment elongate and bearing one long, barbed seta d 10 (10���11) (Figs 7, 8) and two eupathidia, ul ��� 4 (4���5), ul ������ 1 (1���2). Ventral infracapitulum setae m 13 (11���13), barbed (Figs 7, 8a); distance between setae m���m 19 (19���20). Legs (Fig. 9). Setation (from coxae to tarsi): I 2���1 ���4���3���5���8(1), II 2���1 ���4���3���5���8(1), III 1���2 ���2���1���3���5, IV 1��� 1 ���1���0���3���5. Tarsi I���II each with one solenidion ����� 6 (5���6) (for both tarsi I���II) and two eupathidia p��������p����� (5���6 each); femur I with two enlarged oblanceolate setae, d and l���, and two strongly barbed ventral setae (v���, bv���); femur II with three enlarged oblanceolate setae, d, l���, bv���, and one strongly barbed ventral seta (v���); trochanter III with one enlarged oblanceolate to obovate seta, l���; and femur III with one enlarged oblanceolate seta, d. Femora and genua with setae d inserted in lateral position on tubercles. Detail of the pattern of additions in leg setae in Table 1. Microplates (Fig. 3b). Microplate layer forms a reticulate network of thick ridges covered in small single irregularly shaped wax-like crystals or masses, overlaying a base layer with a smooth even surface made of minute crystals. The ridges appear to be formed by a series of thin, parallel ridges of various lengths that are aligned to form thicker ridges. Color (Fig. 2). Body pinkish-red with dark spots laterally, eyes red, and legs orange. Dorsal body setae and leg setae white. Eggs (Fig. 10). Elongate; dorsal surface with strong, thick, longitudinal ridges the full length of the egg. The ridges have a coating of microplates forming a minute network of irregular ridges that form weak reticulation or a finely rugose texture, interspersed with large smooth regions (Fig. 10b). The eggs are red, and mostly found in association with the veins of the host plant leaves. Male: Unknown. Deutonymph (n = 3) (Figs 11, 12): Body size measurements: distance between setae v2 ���h1 270���300, sc2���sc2 150���155; other measurements: v2���v 2 27���30, sc1���sc1 75���80, c1���c1 40���43, c3���c3 190���205, d1���d 1 25���28, d3���d3 135���145, e1��� e 1 25���28, e3���e3 95���100, f2���f2 85���88, f3���f3 65���68, h1���h 1 22���25, h2���h2 40���45. Dorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum with single pair of short central lobes, forming short notch; pair of lateral body projections anterior and adjacent to setae sc2 present. Central prodorsal region smooth to setae c1, with appearance of a subrectangular shield (Fig. 12); region between setae sc2���c3 and c1���d1 forming a broad band of oblique to transverse striations across the body; dorsal opisthosoma posterior to setae d1���c3 smooth, with appearance of a pygidial shield (Fig. 12). Dorsal setae similar to that of female, except sc1 slightly smaller and c1 much smaller than female. Setal measurements: v2 2���3, sc1 4���5, sc2 68���73, c 1 11���13, c 3 25���29, d1 4, d3 3���4, e1 3 ���4, e3 36 ���40, f 2 30���35, f3 32���33, h 1 20���23, h2 65���80. Gnathosoma. Palps similar to those of female. Setae d on second segment 7���8 long and eupathidia ul ��� 4���5, ul ������ 1���2. Ventral infracapitulum setae m 6���8; distance between setae m���m 12���16. Venter. Cuticle covered with fine and mostly transverse striae. Coxal, genital and anal setae fine; setae 1a, 4a elongate, filiform. Setal lengths: 1a 80���90, 1b 6���7, 1c 11���13, 2b 10���14, 2c 14���16, 3a 6���9, 3b 13���16, 4a 45���70, 4b 7���11, ag 4���7, g1 5, ps2 5���8, ps3 5���7. Setae g2 absent. Legs (Fig. 11). Setation (from coxae to tarsi): I 2���1 ���4���3���5���8(1), II 2���1 ���4���3���5���8(1), III 1���2 ���2���1���3���5, IV 1 ���0���1���0���3���3. Leg chaetotaxy similar to that of female, except trochanter IV nude and tectal pair of setae tc absent on tarsus IV; tarsi I���II each with one solenidion ����� 4���5 (for both tarsi I���II) and two eupathidia p��������p����� (5���6, 5���6; 5, 5 respectively). Detail of the pattern of additions of leg setae in Table 1. Protonymph (n = 3) (Fig. 13): Body size measurements: distance between setae v2 ���h1 205���225, sc2���sc2 120���130; other measurements: v2���v 2 25���30, sc1���sc1 60���65, c1���c1 35���38, c3���c3 145���160, d1���d 1 20���23, d3���d3 105���115, e1��� e 1 17���20, e3���e3 77���83, f2���f2 67���73, f3���f3 55���58, h1���h 1 17���20, h2���h2 35���40. Dorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum with single pair of short central lobes, forming a short notch; marginal body projections anterior and adjacent to setae sc2 present. Central prodorsum smooth to setae c1, with appearance of a weakly formed shield; region between setae sc2���c3 and c1���d1 forming a broad band of oblique to transverse striations across the body; dorsal opisthosoma posterior to setae d1���c3 smooth, with appearance of a weakly formed pygidial shield; dorsal setae similar to that of female, except sc1 slightly smaller, c1 much smaller than female, and c3 lanceolate not obovate. Setal measurements: v2 2, sc1 3���4, sc2 53���56, c1 4���5, c 3 21���26, d1 2���3, d3 3���4, e1 2 ���3, e 3 25 ���30, f 2 23���25, f 3 21���24, h 1 14���15, h2 50���70. Gnathosoma. Palps similar to those of female. Setae d on second segment 7���8 and eupathidia ul ��� 2���3, ul ������ 1���2. Ventral infracapitulum setae m 6; distance between setae m���m 13. Venter. Cuticle covered with fine and mostly transverse striae. Coxal, genital and anal setae fine. Setal measurements: 1a 45���75, 1b 5���6, 1c 7���10, 2c 11���12, 3a 6���7, 3b 8���10, ag 5���6, ps2 4���5, ps3 4���5. Setae 2b, 4a, 4b, g1 and g2 absent. Legs (Fig. 13). Setation (from coxae to tarsi): I 2 ���0���3���1���5���6(1), II 1 ���0���3���1���5���6(1), III 1 ���0���2���0���3���3, IV 0���0���1���0���3���3. Tarsi I���II each with one solenidion ����� 3���4 (for both tarsi I���II) and two eupathidia p��������p����� (5, 5; 4���5, 4���5 respectively). Detail of the pattern of additions of leg setae in Table 1. Larva (n = 3) (Fig. 14): Body size measurements: distance between setae v2 ���h1 170���180, sc2���sc2 100���105; other measurements: v2���v 2 15���18, sc1���sc1 52���53, c1���c 1 27���33, c3���c3 120���125, d1���d 1 15���18, d3���d3 82���85, e1��� e 1 10���13, e3���e3 72���75, f2���f2 62���65, f3���f3 47���50, h1���h 1 12���13, h2���h 2 27���30. Dorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum smoothly rounded without lobes or projections. Prodorsal region with colliculate integument anteromedially, and with region of smooth integument just anterior to c1���c1; region between setae sc2���c3 and c1���d1 with broad band of oblique and transverse striations; integument d1���e1 smooth; integument posterior to setae e1���c3 colliculate. Setae sc1 and c1 minute, c3 lanceolate; other dorsal setae similar to those of female, except smaller. Setal measurements: v2 2���3, sc1 2���3, sc2 41���45, c1 2���3, c 3 18���20, d1 2���3, d3 2, e1 2, e 3 22 ���24, f 2 21���23, f 3 19���20, h 1 12���14, h2 45���65. Gnathosoma. Palps similar to those of female. Seta d on second segment 6���7 long and eupathidia ul ��� 3���2, ul ������ 1. Ventral setae m absent. Venter. Cuticle covered with fine and mostly transverse striae. Coxal, genital and anal setae fine. Setal measurements: 1a 50���65, 1b 5���7, 3a 5���6, ps1 4, ps2 4���5. Setae 1c, 2b, 2c, 3b, 4a, 4b, ag, g1 and g2 absent. Legs (Fig. 14). Setation (from coxae to tarsi): I 2 ���0���3���1���5���6(1), II 0���0���3���1���5���6(1), III 0���0���2���0���3���3. Tarsi I���II each with one solenidion ����� 3���4 (for both tarsi I and II) and two eupathidia p��������p����� (4���5, 4���5; 4���5, 4���5 respectively). Cuticle of all legs colliculate. Detail of the pattern of additions of leg setae in Table 1. Type material. Holotype: adult female collected on Protium heptaphyllum (Burseraceae), from S���o Roque de Minas, Minas Gerais, Brazil, (20��10���S, 46��26���W), 9 September 2016, coll. E.B. Castro (DZSJRP). Paratypes: nine females, three deutonymphs, three protonymphs and three larvae, same data as the holotype (DZSJRP, NMNH). Etymology. The specific name protium refers to the genus of the host plant, Protium heptaphyllum (Burseraceae). Differential diagnosis. This new species resembles Tenuipalpus kitajimai sp. nov. (herein described) as they both have cuticular crests on the opisthosoma (one transverse, one longitudinal), but differs from T. kitajimai sp. nov. in that the transverse crest between setae c1���c1 and d1���d1 is narrower, being as wide as distance c1���c1 (Fig. 4a) (transverse crest is slightly wider than distance c1���c 1 in T. kitajimai sp. nov. (Fig. 18)); setae c1 elongate oblanceolate (47���59 long) in T. protium sp. nov. versus obovate (38���42 long) in T. kitajimai sp. nov.; setae h2 longer in all stages of T. protium; the pattern of microplates is also different between these two species as seen in Figures 3b and 17b. Tenuipalpus protium also resembles the type species for the genus, T. caudatus (Dug��s), but differs in the shape and size of the opisthosomal setae d1, which are minute to short (8���10 long) in protium and narrowly obovate to oblanceolate (52���57 long) in caudatus., Published as part of Castro, Elizeu B., Beard, Jennifer J., Ochoa, Ronald, Bauchan, Gary R. & Feres, Reinaldo J. F., 2018, Two new species of Tenuipalpus sensu stricto (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) from Brazil with a discussion on the ontogeny of leg setae, pp. 178-210 in Zootaxa 4540 (1) on pages 179-194, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4540.1.12, http://zenodo.org/record/2616130

Tenuipalpu s kitajimai sp. nov. Castro, Feres & Ochoa (Figs 15���27) Diagnosis. Female: Prodorsal setae v2 and sc1 minute to short; sc2 elongate, lanceolate-falcate; dorsal opisthosoma with 10 pairs of setae (f2 present); most of the dorsal opisthosomal setae obovate (c1, c3, h1) to oblanceolate (e3, f2, f3), except setae d1, d3, e1 short to minute, thick, and h2 elongate, filiform; prodorsum with a pair of carinae converging posteriorly from setae sc1 to short central semicircular carina just anterior to shield margin and sejugal furrow; opisthosoma bearing a prominent transverse semicircular crest between setae c1���c1 and d1���d1 and one longitudinal crest between setae e1���e1; palp two segmented; two pairs of ps setae; one pair of 3a and 4a setae. Male: unknown. Immatures: deutonymphs and protonymphs bearing one pair median projections on anterior margin of prodorsum; with lateral body projections anterior and adjacent to setae sc2 present (lateral body projection posterior and adjacent setae c3 absent); dorsal setae similar to those of the female, except shorter. Larvae with colliculate cuticle on central prodorsum, dorsal opisthosoma posterior to setae d3 and e1, and over legs; setae v2, sc1, c1, d1, d3, e1 short to minute, other dorsal setae similar to those of female except smaller. Dorsum (Figs 15 ���18). Anterior margin of prodorsal shield with two pairs of median lobes, central pair forming a forked projection with deep notch, lateral lobes forming two shallow notches. Prodorsum with one pair of rounded lateral projections anterior and adjacent to setae sc2; and anterior lateral margin of opisthosoma with a pair of rounded conical projections posterior and adjacent to setae c3; a pair of carinae converging posteriorly from setae sc1 to short central semicircular carina just anterior to shield margin and sejugal furrow (Fig. 16a). Opisthosoma with a prominent transverse semicircular cuticular crest between setae c1���c1 and d1���d1 and a longitudinal crest between setae e1���e1 (Figs 16b, 17a, 18). Prodorsal setae v2 and sc1 minute to short and weakly barbed; sc2 elongate, lanceolate-falcate; most dorsal opisthosomal setae obovate (c1, c3, h1) to oblanceolate (e3, f2, f3), except d1, d3, e1 short to minute, thick, and h2 elongate filiform. Setal measurements: v2 5 (5���6), sc1 9 (7���9), sc2 70 (65���70), c1 38 (36���42), c3 36 (36���42), d1 6 (5���7), d3 7 (5���7), e1 7 (5���7), e3 55 (52���55), f2 45 (45���50), f3 45 (45���50), h1 31 (30���31), h2 100 (85���100). Venter (Figs 19, 20). Ventral integument with fine transverse striae centrally and densely colliculate laterally; ventral and genital plates not thickened but membranous genital flap is present (Figs 19, 20) that appears to form part of a large membranous genito-ventral plate bearing setae ag, g1, g2 and clearly delimited laterally by the (longitudinal) folded cuticle of the ovipore (Fig. 20), entire membranous plate with fine transverse striae; membranous anal valves with fine longitudinal striae; setae 1a, 4a filiform; coxal setae 1c, 2c, 3b, 4b and trochanter setae barbed; coxal setae 4b inserted much closer to 4a than 3b to 3a. Setal measurements: 1a 80 (75���80), 1b 10 (8���10), 1c 23 (21���23), 2b 17 (15���17), 2c 30 (27���30), 3a 8 (7���9), 3b 32 (28���31), 4a 60 (60���70), 4b 23 (20���25), ag1 12 (10���13), g1 22 (17���23), g2 16 (13���16), ps2 11 (7���11), ps3 12 (10���13). Gnathosoma (Figs 21, 22). Palps two segmented, first (basal) segment short; second (distal) segment elongate and bearing one long, barbed seta d 11 (10���12) and two eupathidia, ul ��� 4 (3���4), ul ������ 2 (1���2). Ventral infracapitulum setae m 13 (10���13); distance between setae m���m 19 (17���19). Dorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum with single pair of short central lobes, forming short notch; pair of rounded lateral body projections anterior and adjacent to setae sc2 present. Prodorsal region smooth to setae c1, with appearance of a shield (Fig. 25); region between setae sc2���c3 and c1���d1 with broad band of oblique to transverse striations; dorsal opisthosoma posterior to setae d1���c3 smooth, with appearance of distinct pygidial shield (Fig. 25). Dorsal setae similar to that of female, except smaller, and setae c1, c3 much smaller. Setal measurements: v2 2���3, sc1 3���4, sc2 63���70, c 1 13���19, c 3 20���22, d1 3���5, d3 3���4, e1 3 ���4, e 3 28 ���30, f 2 26���29, f 3 22���28, h 1 17���20, h2 45���50. Gnathosoma. Palps similar to those of female. Setae d on second (distal) segment 7���8 long and eupathidia ul ��� 3, ul ������ 1. Ventral infracapitulum setae m 8���9; distance between setae m���m 15. Venter. Cuticle covered with fine, mostly transverse striae. Coxal, genital and anal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 75���85, 1b 5���6, 1c 9���10, 2b 12���15, 2c 15���17, 3a 5���7, 3b 8���10, 4a 40���50, 4b 8���10, ag 6���7, g1 4���5, ps2 5���6, ps3 4���5. Setae g2 absent. Legs (Fig. 24). Setation (from coxae to tarsi): I 2���1 ���4���3���5���8(1), II 2���1 ���4���3���5���8(1), III 1���2 ���2���1���3���5, IV 1 ��� 0���1���0���3���3. Leg chaetotaxy similar to that of female, except trochanter IV nude; tarsi I���II each with one solenidion ����� 3���4 (for both tarsi I���II) and two eupathidia p��������p����� (5, 5; 4���5, 5 respectively). Detail of the pattern of additions of leg setae in Table 1. Protonymph (n = 3) (Fig. 26): Body size measurements: distance between setae v2 ���h1 205���210, sc2���sc2 115���125; other measurements: v2���v 2 20���25, sc1���sc1 60���65, c1���c 1 27���30, c3���c3 140���150, d1���d 1 20���25, d3���d3 98���105, e1��� e 1 15���18, e3���e3 75���78, f2���f2 65���70, f3���f3 50���55, h1���h 1 17���20, h2���h2 32���35. Dorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum with single pair of short central lobes forming a short notch; rounded lateral body projections anterior and adjacent to setae sc2 present. Prodorsal region smooth to setae c1; region between setae sc2���c3 with few transverse striations; dorsum posterior to setae d1���c3 smooth; dorsal setae similar to that of female, except much smaller. Setal measurements: v2 2���3, sc1 3, sc2 46���54, c 1 5���10, c 3 15���21, d1 2���3, d3 3, e1 2 ���3, e 3 22 ���24, f 2 18���22, f 3 17���22, h 1 13���16, h2 32���35. Gnathosoma. Palps similar to those of female. Setae d on second (distal) segment 6���7 and eupathidia ul ��� 2���3, ul ������ 1. Ventral infracapitulum setae m 6���7; distance between setae m���m 12���13. Venter. Cuticle covered with fine and mostly transverse striae. Coxal, genital and anal setae fine. Setal measurements: 1a 55���80, 1b 5���7, 1c 6���7, 2c 8���11, 3a 5���7, 3b 8���10, ag 4���6, ps2 3���4, ps3 4���5. Setae 2b, 4a, 4b, g1 and g2 absent. Legs (Fig. 26). Setation (from coxae to tarsi): I 2 ���0���3���1���5���6(1), II 1 ���0���3���1���5���6(1), III 1 ���0���2���0���3���3, IV 0���0���1���0���3���3. Tarsi I���II each with one solenidion ����� (4 for tarsi I and 4���5 for tarsi II) and two eupathidia p��������p����� (4���5, 5; 4, 4���5 respectively). Detail of the pattern of additions of leg setae in Table 1. Larva (n = 1) (Fig. 27): Body size measurements: distance between setae v2 ���h1 170, sc2���sc2 98; other measurements: v2���v2 13, sc1���sc1 53, c1���c1 25, c3���c3 115, d1���d1 18, d3���d3 78, e1��� e1 13, e3���e3 73, f2���f2 63, f3���f3 48, h1���h1 13, h2���h2 30. Dorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum smoothly rounded without lobes or projections. Prodorsal region with colliculate integument anteromedially, with region of smooth integument just anterior to setae c1; region between setae sc2���c3 with broad band of oblique and transverse striations; dorsum between d1���d1 and e1���e1 smooth; dorsum posterior to setae e1���d3 with colliculate integument. Setae v2, sc1, c1, d1, d3, e1 minute; other dorsal setae similar to those of female except much smaller. Setal measurements: v2 1, sc1 2, sc2 30, c1 2, c3 17, d1 3, d3 2, e1 2, e3 20, f2 18, f3 18, h1 11, h2 35. Gnathosoma. Palps similar to those of female. Seta d on second (distal) segment 5 long and eupathidia ul ��� 2, ul ������ 1. Setae m absent. Venter. Cuticle covered with fine and mostly transverse striae. Coxal, genital and anal setae fine. Setal measurements: 1a 35, 1b 6, 3a 6, ps2 3, ps3 4. Setae 1c, 2b, 2c, 3b, 4a, 4b, ag, g1 and g2 absent. Legs (Fig. 27). Setation (from coxae to tarsi): I 2 ���0���3���1���5���6(1), II 0���0���3���1���5���6(1), III 0���0���2���0���3���3. Tarsi I���II each with one solenidion ����� (3 for tarsi I and 4 for tarsi II) and two eupathidia p��������p����� (5, 5; 4, 4 respectively). Cuticle of all legs covered with colliculate sculpturing. Detail of the pattern of additions of leg setae in Table 1. Type material. Holotype: adult female collected on an unidentified plant of the family Sapindaceae, from Cotrigua��u, Mato Grosso, Brazil, (9��51���S, 58��25���W), 16 October 2014, coll. J.M. Rezende (DZSJRP). Paratypes: nine females, three deutonymphs, three protonymphs and one larva, same data as the holotype (DZSJRP, NMNH). Etymology. This species is named in honor of Dr Elliot W. Kitajima, of the University of S���o Paulo, ESALQ- USP, Piracicaba, SP, for his dedication to the study of mites in the family Tenuipalpidae, including their plant and disease associations. Differential diagnosis. This new species resembles T. protium sp. nov. (herein described) as explained above in the Differential diagnosis for that species. It also resembles T. caudatus and T. erbei Kane, Castro & Ochoa by sharing the presence of prominent dorsal crests on the opisthosoma (transverse between setae c1���c1 and d1���d1, and longitudinal between setae e1���e1) but differs from these two species by having a smaller, less developed, posterior crest between setae e1���e1. In addition, T. kitajimai differs from T. caudatus in the shape and size of the opisthosomal setae d1, which are minute to short (5���7) in kitajimai versus narrowly obovate to oblanceolate (52���57 long) in caudatus, and most dorsal setae are obovate to oblanceolate in kitajimai versus narrowly lanceolate in erbei. Ontogeny. The ontogenetic changes in the idiosomal and leg setae are the same for both new species (Table 1). The pattern of additions is also similar to that described for T. spinosaurus Castro, Feres & Ochoa, another species of T. sensu stricto group (Castro et al. 2016b). Coxal setae 1c, 2c and 3b are added in the protonymph and 2b and 4b are added in the deutonymph. The coxal setae 4b are inserted in an unusual position, appearing to be mesal to coxal region IV, and close to setae 4a. This character state is also found in T. spinosaurus and T. boyani De Leon. Seta v��� on trochanters I, II and III is expressed in the deutonymph and v��� is added to trochanters IV in the adult (only female known); seta l��� on trochanter III appears in the deutonymph (although it more commonly appears in protonymph (Lindquist 1985)). This same pattern of expression was observed for T. spinosaurus (Castro et al. 2016b). Seta l��� is added to femora I and II in deutonymph. Setae l��� is present on genua I and II of the larvae and setae d and l��� are added to genua I and II of the deutonymph. As is common in the family, setae l��� are added to genu III in the deutonymph (Lindquist 1985); while genua IV remain nude. This pattern of expression is also found in the T. sensu lato group (Castro et al. 2015b), while in other species of the lato group the setae l��� and l��� are suppressed (Castro et al. 2017). The patterns of additions to the tarsi are quite varied within the family Tenuipalpidae, with variation present even within a single genus (Welbourn et al. 2017). Here, the pairs of tectal setae are added to tarsus I, II and III in the deutonymph and to tarsus IV in the adult, which is delayed one stage from the common pattern seen in the entire superfamily Tetranychoidea. This pattern of delayed additions is also seen in closely related taxa such as T. sarcophilus Welbourn & Beard; whereas other related taxa such as genera Acaricis and Prolixus share the standard superfamily pattern. The ventral chaetotaxy changes match the standard pattern for the superfamily (Lindquist, 1985), as follows: ag setae appear in protonymph; g1 and 4a in deutonymph; g2 setae are added in adult. Further information and discussion about the pattern of additions of leg and idiosomal setae in Tenuipalpus and related genera can be found in Castro et al. (2015b) and Welbourn et al. (2017)., Published as part of Castro, Elizeu B., Beard, Jennifer J., Ochoa, Ronald, Bauchan, Gary R. & Feres, Reinaldo J. F., 2018, Two new species of Tenuipalpus sensu stricto (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) from Brazil with a discussion on the ontogeny of leg setae, pp. 178-210 in Zootaxa 4540 (1) on pages 194-208, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4540.1.12, http://zenodo.org/record/2616130, {"references":["Castro, E. B., Kane, E. C., Feres, R. J. F., Ochoa, R. & Bauchan, G. R. (2016 b) Definition of Tenuipalpus sensu stricto (Acari, Tenuipalpidae), with redescription of Tenuipalpus caudatus (Duges) and description of a new species from Costa Rica. International Journal of Acarology, 42 (2), 106 - 126. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01647954.2015.1130941","Lindquist, E. E. (1985) External anatomy. In: Helle, W. & Sabelis, M. W. (Eds.), Spider mites: their biology, natural enemies and control. Vol. 1 A. Chapter 1. 1. Anatomy, Phylogeny and Systematics. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, pp. 3 - 29.","Castro, E. B., Ramos, F. A. M., Feres, R. J. F. & Ochoa, R. (2015 b) A new species of Tenuipalpus Donnadieu (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) from Brazil, with ontogeny of chaetotaxy. Systematic and Applied Acarology, 20 (3), 339 - 356. https: // doi. org / 10.11158 / saa. 20.3.11","Castro, E. B., Ramos, F. A. M., Feres, R. J. F., Ochoa, R. & Bauchan, G. R. (2017) Redescription of Tenuipalpus heveae Baker (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) and description of a new species from rubber trees in Brazil. Acarologia, 57 (2), 421 - 458. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / acarologia / 20174166","Welbourn, W. C., Beard, J. J., Bauchan, G. R. & Ochoa, R. (2017) Description of a new species of Tenuipalpus (Acari: Trombidiformes) from succulent plants in Florida, USA, and a redescription of T. crassulus Baker and Tuttle. International Journal of Acarology, 43 (2), 112 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01647954.2016.1255253"]}

Tenuipalpus sensu stricto group Diagnosis (Based on Castro et al. 2016a). Female: Prodorsum semi-circular, wider than opisthosoma at sejugal furrow; anterior margin of shield with two median paired projections; with a pair of small lateral rounded projections anterior and adjacent to setae sc2; with a pair of weakly to strongly developed oblique carinae from setae sc1 to posterior margin of shield, carinae converging at posterior margin or with short central semicircular carina near posterior margin; carinae essentially dividing the prodorsum into three large plates; prodorsal shield with three pairs of setae (v2, sc1, sc2). Dorsal opisthosoma with a pair of obvious lateral conical projections posterior and adjacent to setae c3; with 10 pairs of setae (c1, c3, d1, d3, e1, e3, f2, f3, h1, h2 present; except f2 absent in T. lalbaghensis Channabasavanna & Lakkundi). Dorsal lateral setae sc2, c3, e3, f2, f3 and h1 variable in shape from lanceolate, oblanceolate, obovate to ovate; central setae c1, d1, e1 variable in shape from oblanceolate to minute; setae h2 elongate, filiform; semicircular cuticular crests on opisthosoma present or absent. Palp usually two���three segmented (palp one segmented in T. chiclorum De Leon). Venter with one���two pairs of setae 3a (i.e. 3a 2 present or absent) and one pair of setae 4a; membranous genital flap present, ventral and genital plates not developed; two to three pairs of pseudanal setae (commonly ps2���3 present; setae ps1 present only in T. banahawensis Corpuz-Raros, T. mahoensis Collyer and T. inophylli Gutierrez & Bolland). Femora, genua and tibiae with setae d inserted in lateral position on tubercles; tarsus I���II bearing one antiaxial solenidion; tarsus I���II with seta ft��� short, broad, barbed, penniform (like a feather); tarsi I���IV with setae ft��� filiform. Male: Opisthosoma distinctly narrower than that of female; legs and dorsal setae usually similar to those of female; tarsus I���II bearing two solenidia (one paraxial, one antiaxial); tarsus III bearing zero���one solenidia, tarsus IV without solenidia. Immatures: Protonymphs and deutonymphs usually bearing one pair median projections on anterior margin, and one pair of projections anterior and adjacent to setae sc2., Published as part of Castro, Elizeu B., Beard, Jennifer J., Ochoa, Ronald, Bauchan, Gary R. & Feres, Reinaldo J. F., 2018, Two new species of Tenuipalpus sensu stricto (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) from Brazil with a discussion on the ontogeny of leg setae, pp. 178-210 in Zootaxa 4540 (1) on page 179, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4540.1.12, http://zenodo.org/record/2616130, {"references":["Castro, E. B., Feres, R. J. F., Ochoa, R. & Bauchan, G. R. (2016 a) A new species of Tenuipalpus sensu stricto (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) from Brazil, with ontogeny and a key to the known species. Zootaxa, 4088 (3), 355 - 378. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4088.3.3"]}

Neoseiulus mungeri (McGregor, 1954) (Figs 9a–b, 11a–b, 16a; Table 2) Typhlodromus mungeri McGregor, 1954: 92. Material examined. Two females, lectotype and paralectotype; see Figs 1b, 2b–c, Table 1. Dorsal idiosoma (Fig. 9a). Suboval shield, 381–382 long x 201–220 wide, lateral margin smoothly concave at level of setae R 1; shield length / width ratio 1.74–1.90. Shield essentially smooth (as suspected, based on original illustration), except for light lineation in the marginal region of the shield anterolaterally. Number and position of setae are essentially the same as in other Neoseiulus species (Chant & McMurtry, 2003); 17 pairs of setae on shield, r3 and R 1 on soft cuticle (see Table 2 for setal lengths). The few dorsal setae (j1, j3, j4, J5, z5, S4–5, r3, R 1) remaining on either of the two females moderately short, and the only Z5 seta present (on lectotype) elongate (60), with no apparent barbs (although mounting media not clear). Distance between j1 setae 0.76–0.91 x length of j1 setae; seta Z5 0.16 x length of dorsal shield. Four pairs of gland openings visible (gd1, gd4, gd6, gd9), in same positions as in N. californicus; gd4 small and circular, more or less directly posterior to seta s4; gd9 as in N. californicus: conspicuous, and closely anteromesal to S5. Peritreme extending to j1. Ventral idiosoma (Fig. 9b). Sternal shield essentially smooth (as in original illustration), except for lineae in anterior and lateral marginal regions; bearing st1–3. Epigynal shield essentially smooth, although micropunctation discernible. Ventrianal shield reticulate, with three pairs of pre-anal setae; all pre-anal setae (JV1–2, ZV2) broken or missing, except one ZV2 seta apparently intact (26 µm) on one female (lectotype). Gland opening gv3 small, almost punctiform, slightly crescent-shaped, moderately close to each other (separated by 21–26), slightly posterior (7–9 µm) to level of JV2; gv3–gv3 distance / JV2–JV2 distance = 0.37–0.44. Soft opisthogastric cuticle with four pairs of setae (ZV1, ZV3, JV4–5). Spermatheca (Fig. 11a–b). Calyx elongate, narrowly subconical (typically viewed in longitudinal crosssection as narrowly cuneiform, or resembling a champagne flute), 18–20 long, 8–10 wide distally; orientation of calyx’s main axis varies both within and between females, from straight to strongly curved. Atrium 4.8–5.6 long, 4.0–4.2 wide, deeply forked at junction with major duct, thick-walled. Major duct as broad as or broader than atrium. Chelicera (Fig. 16a). Cheliceral movable digit with a small, retrorse tooth, 7–8 µm from apex; fixed digit with two subapical (offset) teeth, followed by 2–3 proximal teeth (these 2–3 proximal teeth were overlooked by McGregor, because they are not aligned with the two subapical teeth (being inserted paraxially)). Legs. A single macroseta (pd3), on basitarsus of leg IV (63–66). Chaetotaxy of genu II–III as for N. californicus., Published as part of Beaulieu, Frédéric & Beard, Jennifer J., 2018, Acarine biocontrol agents Neoseiulus californicus sensu Athias-Henriot (1977) and N. barkeri Hughes (Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae) redescribed, their synonymies assessed, and the identity of N. californicus (McGregor) clarified based on examination of types, pp. 451-507 in Zootaxa 4500 (4) on page 468, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4500.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5297750, {"references":["McGregor, E. A. (1954) Two new mites in the genus Typhlodromus (Acarina, Phytoseiidae). Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 53, 89 - 92.","Chant, D. A. & McMurtry, J. A. (2003) A review of the subfamily Amblyseiinae Muma (Acari: Phytoseiidae): Part I. Neoseiulini new tribe. International Journal of Acarology, 29, 3 - 46. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01647950308684319"]}

Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor, 1954) (Figs 3a, c, 4a; Table 2) Typhlodromus californicus McGregor, 1954: 89. Material examined. Male holotype, see Figs 1a, 2a; Table 1. Dorsal idiosoma (Fig. 3a). Oval shield, 281 long x 180 wide (shield not egg-shaped as illustrated, nor "somewhat narrowly ovate" as described, in McGregor (1954)); shield length / width ratio 1.56. Shield essentially smooth (as suspected, based on original illustration), except for light lineation-reticulation (discernible in part) near anterolateral shield margins. Number and position of setae are essentially the same as in females of Neoseiulus species (Chant & McMurtry, 2003), with 19 pairs of setae on shield, including r3 and R 1 as is typical for males (see Table 2 for setal lengths). Contrary to McGregor’s (1954) illustration, setae r3 and S5 of N. californicus inserted on dorsal shield. Most dorsal setae moderately short, with Z4 (29–32), Z5 (36–39) moderately elongate; setae apparently smooth, except one or two weak barbs discernible on one Z4 (mounting media around Z5 not clear enough to determine whether barbs are present). Distance between j1 setae subequal to (0.95–0.99 x) length of j1 setae; setae Z5 0.13–0.14 x length of dorsal shield. Four pairs of gland openings (gd1, gd4, gd6, gd9); gd4 large and somewhat triangular-shaped, positioned almost directly posterior to seta s4, slightly mesad; gd9 conspicuous, and closely anteromesal to seta S5 (as in McGregor’s 1954 illustration). Peritreme extending to or almost to j1. Ventral idiosoma (Fig. 3c). Sternal shield essentially smooth (as in original illustration), except for lineae in lateral marginal regions; bearing st1–5. Ventrianal shield reticulate, with four pairs of elongate pre-anal setae (19– 23). Gland opening gv3 small, almost punctiform, slightly crescent-shaped, moderately close to each other (20 µm apart), slightly posterior (8 µm) to level of JV2; gv3–gv3 distance / JV2–JV2 distance = 0.45. Soft opisthogastric cuticle with one pair of setae (JV 5). Contrary to McGregor’s (1954) illustration which shows a narrow poststigmatic region, the peritrematal shield is typically shaped, including a poststigmatic region that is relatively broad, narrowing moderately at the parapodal region. Chelicera (Fig. 4a). Spermatodactyl T-shaped, with elongate foot and toe (18) slightly longer than heel (15– 16). Cheliceral movable digit with a small, retrorse tooth, 4.5–5 µm from apex. Fixed digit with one subapical (offset) tooth, followed by two teeth, at level of socket of pilus dentilis. Legs. A single macroseta (pd3), on basitarsus of leg IV (50). Chaetotaxy of genu II: 2 2/0, 2/0 1; genu III: 1 2/ 1, 2/0 1 (see ‘ N. barkeri, Redescription’ for more details)., Published as part of Beaulieu, Frédéric & Beard, Jennifer J., 2018, Acarine biocontrol agents Neoseiulus californicus sensu Athias-Henriot (1977) and N. barkeri Hughes (Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae) redescribed, their synonymies assessed, and the identity of N. californicus (McGregor) clarified based on examination of types, pp. 451-507 in Zootaxa 4500 (4) on pages 462-468, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4500.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5297750, {"references":["McGregor, E. A. (1954) Two new mites in the genus Typhlodromus (Acarina, Phytoseiidae). Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 53, 89 - 92.","Chant, D. A. & McMurtry, J. A. (2003) A review of the subfamily Amblyseiinae Muma (Acari: Phytoseiidae): Part I. Neoseiulini new tribe. International Journal of Acarology, 29, 3 - 46. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01647950308684319"]}

Castro, Elizeu B., Beard, Jennifer J., Ochoa, Ronald, Feres, Reinaldo J. F. (2018): Two species of Acaricis (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) from New Zealand, moved from the genus Tenuipalpus, with a key to the known species. Acarologia 58 (4): 855-867, DOI: 10.24349/acarologia/20184290, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.24349/acarologia/20184290

Tenuipalpus montanus Collyer, 1973: 949 (Figures 1���4), Published as part of Castro, Elizeu B., Beard, Jennifer J., Ochoa, Ronald & Feres, Reinaldo J. F., 2018, Two species of Acaricis (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) from New Zealand, moved from the genus Tenuipalpus, with a key to the known species, pp. 855-867 in Acarologia 58 (4) on page 857, DOI: 10.24349/acarologia/20184290, http://zenodo.org/record/5755440, {"references":["Collyer E. 1973. New species of the genus Tenuipalpus (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) from New Zealand, with a key to the world fauna. N. Z. J. Sci., 16: 915 - 955."]}

Tenuipalpus alpinus Collyer, 1973: 946. (Figures 5���9), Published as part of Castro, Elizeu B., Beard, Jennifer J., Ochoa, Ronald & Feres, Reinaldo J. F., 2018, Two species of Acaricis (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) from New Zealand, moved from the genus Tenuipalpus, with a key to the known species, pp. 855-867 in Acarologia 58 (4) on page 861, DOI: 10.24349/acarologia/20184290, http://zenodo.org/record/5755440, {"references":["Collyer E. 1973. New species of the genus Tenuipalpus (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) from New Zealand, with a key to the world fauna. N. Z. J. Sci., 16: 915 - 955."]}

Pentamerismus hicklingorum Seeman and Beard sp. nov. (Figs 88���94) Type material examined. Holotype female ex. Coastal She-Oak, Casuarina equisetifolia (Casuarinaceae), AUSTRALIA: Southeast Queensland, Beachmere, Bayside Drive, 27 �� 05��� 52 ������ S, 153 ��05��� 21 ������ E, 25 June 2010, coll. O.D. Seeman (QM). Paratypes. 8 females, 3 males, 2 deutonymphs, 1 protonymph, 4 larvae, same data as holotype (QM, ANIC). Diagnosis. Dorsal opisthosomal setae f 2 present. Palp setal formula 0-0- 0-1 - 3 (1), with palp tibial setae l������PTi absent, l���PTi present. Anterior margin of prodorsal shield notched, forming 1 pair of short rounded lobes. Dorsal shields coarsely rugose with broadly rounded folds and weak reticulation; dorsal setae broadly lanceolate, barbed; lateral margins of opisthosoma coarsely papillate. Setae ag lanceolate, barbed; setae g 1���2 fine, barbed; setae ps 1���3 fine, ps 1 barbed slightly thicker than ps 2���3, ps 2���3 fine, smooth. Seta 1 c absent. Setae d on femora and genua I���II lanceolate; seta ev ��� on femora III fine, smooth; setae v ���, v������ on tibiae III fine, smooth. FEMALE (n = 9). Dorsum. (Figs 88 a, 94) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 230���270 [240], sc 2 -sc 2 105���110 [105]; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 46 ���51 [51], sc 1 -sc 1 79���87 [83], c 1 -c 1 51���55 [54], c 2 -c 2 115��� 120 [115], c 3 -c 3 155���160 [155], d 1 -d 1 37���44 [37], d 2 -d 2 97���100 [98], d 3 -d 3 140���145 [140], e 1 - e 1 35���41 [36], e 2 -e 2 135���140 [135], e 3 -e 3 120���130 [125], f 2 -f 2 105���120 [110], f 3 -f 3 85���100 [87], h 1 -h 1 23���31 [24], h 2 -h 2 47��� 60 [56]. Anterior margin of prodorsal shield with 1 pair of small rounded lobes, forming short medial notch (internal depth 6���8). Dorsal shields coarsely rugose with broadly rounded folds and weak reticulation (Fig. 94). Lateral cuticle surrounding shields coarsely papillate; cuticle between shields rugose. All dorsal setae barbed, lanceolate. Setal lengths: v 2 24���30 [25], sc 1 25���28 [25], sc 2 28���31 [31], c 1 25���31 [28], c 2 20���29 [25], c 3 22���26 [26], d 1 19���26 [24], d 2 22���24 [23], d 3 25���27 [27], e 1 18 ���22 [18], e 2 20 ���25 [23], e 3 18 ���21 [20], f 2 18���20 [20], f 3 17���22 [18], h 1 17���19 [19], h 2 17���19 [19]. Palps. (Fig. 88 b) Setal formula 0, 0, 0, 1, 3 (1 s+ 2 e). Tibial setae, dorsal 9���10 [10] long; tarsal eupathidia 5���6 [6], 6���8 [7] long; solenidion 6 [6] long. Venter. (Fig. 89 a) Cuticle with transverse striae, becoming longitudinal just anterior to setae ag, becoming coarse around genital area. Circular thickening present in metapodal region, ca. 25 diameter, weakly rugose. Setae g 1 inserted in more-or-less transverse line with g 2, g 2 slightly anterior to g 1. Genital shield mostly smooth, margins irregular, 30���33 [33] long, 41���44 [42] wide; anal setae ps 1���3 inserted in longitudinal row on anal plates. Coxal setae fine, except 2 c barbed; setae ag 1 lanceolate, barbed; g 1���2 fine, barbed; setae ps 1���3 fine; ps 1 barbed slightly thicker than ps 2���3; ps 2���3 smooth. Setal lengths: 1a 51 ��� 58 [54], 1 b 25���30 [26], 2 b 21���23 [21], 2 c 17���18 [18], 3a 40 ��� 58 [45], 3 b 13���15 [15], 4a 40 ��� 45 [45], 4 b 11���15 [11], ag 1 16���21 [21], g 1 22���24 [22], g 2 19���22 [19], ps 1 13���15 [15], ps 2 13���14 [14], ps 3 7���8 [7]. Spermatheca. (Fig. 89 b) Spermathecal tube long, narrow, convoluted, Legs. (Fig. 90) Setal formula for legs I���IV (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 1-3 - 3-4 - 9 (1), 2 - 1-3 - 3-4 - 9 (1), 1-2 - 2 - 1-3 - 5, 1 - 1 - 1 - 0-3 - 5. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (ta I 13���14 [14] long, ta II 13 [13] long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (6���7 [6���7] long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except coxae I without 1 c. Setae v' added to tr IV. MALE (n = 3). Dorsum. (Fig. 91) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 190���200, sc 2 -sc 2 86���91; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 34 ���35, sc 1 -sc 1 68���69, c 1 -c 1 32���33, c 2 -c 2 90���92, c 3 -c 3 115���125, d 1 -d 1 22���28, d 2 -d 2 73���81, d 3 -d 3 100���105, e 1 - e 1 34���40, e 2 - e 2 90���92, e 3 - e 3 91���96, f 2 -f 2 80���83, f 3 -f 3 63���65, h 1 -h 1 16���20, h 2 -h 2 41��� 45. Anterior margin of prodorsum with pair of small lobes forming a short medial notch (internal depth 5���6). Prodorsal, mesonotal and pygidial shields with sculpture and dorsal setae similar to female. Medial soft cuticle striated, lateral cuticle reticulated to striated. Setal lengths: v 2 21���22, sc 1 17, sc 2 21, c 1 18���20, c 2 17���22, c 3 16��� 17, d 1 13���15, d 2 13���15, d 3 14���16, e 1 13 ���15, e 2 15 ���16, e 3 15 ���16, f 2 15, f 3 14���16, h 1 13���15, h 2 15���16. Palps. Palps similar to female. Tibial seta 8���10 long; tarsal eupathidia 5���6, 7 long; solenidion 7 long. Venter. (Fig. 92 a) Striae entirely transverse, becoming coarse behind cx IV. Posterior opisthosoma with 2 irregular, poorly defined, striated subcircular plates, ca. 25���35 in diameter; g 1���2, ps 1���3 on weakly sclerotised anal valves. Coxal setae fine, except 2 c barbed. Seta ag 1 lanceolate, barbed; g 1 barbed; g 2, ps 2, ps 3 smooth; ps 1 spine-like, thickened. Setal lengths: 1a 38 ��� 50, 1 b 22���26, 2 b 15, 2 c 15���17, 3 a 37���45, 3 b 11���15, 4 a 40���45, 4 b 15���25, ag 1 13���16, g 1 6���7, g 2 14���15, ps 1 8���14, ps 2 7���10, ps 3 6���8. Aedeagus. (Fig. 92 b) Narrow, sclerotised, tapering to a point, 65���68 long; curved in 2 preparations. Membranous duct runs from inside aedeagus. Legs. Setal formula same as female. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (15���17 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (6���7 long). Solenidia slightly thicker and longer than in female. DEUTONYMPH (n = 2). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 185���195, sc 2 -sc 2 90��� 91; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 30, sc 1 -sc 1 73���75, c 1 -c 1 28���30, c 2 -c 2 88���96, c 3 -c 3 122���131, d 1 -d 1 23���25, d 2 -d 2 81, d 3 -d 3 110���114, e 1 - e 1 27���28, e 2 -e 2 103���105, e 3 - e 3 95���102, f 2 -f 2 79���90, f 3 -f 3 70���75, h 1 -h 1 21���22, h 2 -h 2 43��� 48. Anterior margin of prodorsum without medial lobes or notch. Prodorsal shield poorly defined, with fine oblique-longitudinal striations. Transverse striae between setal row C to midway between rows D and E; then opisthosomal shield region with irregular polygons arranged in oblique to longitudinal pattern. Setae v 2, sc 1 thickened slightly, barbed; setae sc 2 narrowly lanceolate; opisthosomal setae lanceolate. Setal lengths: v 2 10���16, sc 1 15���16, sc 2 15���18, c 1 16���17, c 2 16���21, c 3 21���23, d 1 13���17, d 2 19���20, d 3 27, e 1 16 ���19, e 2 23 ���27, e 3 20 ���22, f 2 21���25, f 3 21���22, h 1 16���19, h 2 16���21. Palps. Palps similar to adult. Tibial seta 7 long; tarsal eupathidia 3, 5 long; solenidion 3 long. Venter. Striation similar to female; anal setae ps 1���3 on weakly defined anal plates. Coxal setae fine, except 2 c barbed; setae ag 1 and ps 1 with few or no barbs; other setae smooth. Setal lengths: 1a 33 ��� 35, 1 b 14��� 15, 2 b 10���11, 2 c 13���14, 3 a 25���40, 3 b 8���12, 4 a 19���29, 4 b 7���10, ag 1 13���14, g 1 11���12, ps 1 6, ps 2 6, ps 3 6. Legs. Setal formula for legs I���IV (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 1-3 - 3-4 - 9 (1), 2 - 1-3 - 3-4 - 9 (1), 1-2 - 2 - 1-3 - 5, 1 - 0-1 - 0-3 - 5. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (ta I 6���8 long, ta II 6���7 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (about 5 long). Leg setation as in adult except: tr IV without seta v ���. Setae v' added to tr I���III. PROTONYMPH (n = 1). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 145, sc 2 -sc 2 80; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 27, sc 1 -sc 1 66, c 1 -c 1 20, c 2 -c 2 83, c 3 -c 3 110, d 1 -d 1 19, d 2 -d 2 71, d 3 -d 3 92, e 1 - e 1 18, e 2 - e 2 78, e 3 - e 3 70, f 2 -f 2 48, f 3 -f 3 45, h 1 missing on left hand side, h 2 -h 2 23. Anterior margin of prodorsum without medial notch. Dorsal cuticle similar to deutonymph, except opisthosoma with coarse irregular striae only. Setae similar in length to those of adult; narrowly lanceolate, barbed. Setal lengths: v 2 19, sc 1 14, sc 2 15, c 1 19, c 2 19, c 3 20, d 1 17, d 2 23, d 3 23, e 1 23, e 2 25, e 3 20, f 2 24, f 3 23, h 1 23, h 2 18. Palps. Palps similar to adult. Tibial seta 6 long; tarsal eupathidia 3, 5 long; solenidion 3 long. Venter. Cuticle same as deutonymph. Anal setae ps 1���3 on weakly defined anal plates. Coxal and anal setae fine, except 2 a with few barbs. Setal lengths: 1a 33, 1 b 8, 2 b 10, 3a 35, 3 b 10, ag 1 9, ps 1 5, ps 2 5, ps 3 5. Legs. Setal formula for legs I���IV (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 1-4 - 9 (1), 1 - 0-3 - 1- 4 - 9 (1), 1 - 1-2 - 1-3 - 5, 0- 0-1 - 0-3 - 3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (4 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (3-4 long). Leg setation as in deutonymph except: seta 2 c absent; seta 4 b absent; tr I���III without seta v ���; ge I���II without seta d, l������; ta IV without setae tc ���, tc������. Setae l' added to tr III. LARVA (n = 4). Dorsum. (Fig. 93) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 110���125, sc 2 -sc 2 56��� 59; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 23���27, sc 1 -sc 1 48���51, c 1 -c 1 14���17, c 2 -c 2 57���63, c 3 -c 3 81���87, d 1 -d 1 9���11, d 2 -d 2 51���58, d 3 -d 3 68���74, e 1 - e 1 7, e 2 - e 2 52���57, e 3 - e 3 41���46, f 2 -f 2 30���35, f 3 -f 3 22���28, h 1 -h 1 9���10, h 2 -h 2 13���14. Anterior margin of prodorsum without medial notch. Prodorsal shield absent, with longitudinal striations. Opisthosomal shield absent; coarse, irregular transverse striae, becoming oblique posteriorly. Setae similar in length to those of adult; setae narrowly lanceolate to thickened, barbed; setae d 1 and e 1 broadest; setae h 2 narrowest. Setal lengths: v 2 14���18, sc 1 12���15, sc 2 14���16, c 1 15���19, c 2 15, c 3 11���14, d 1 20, d 2 14���16, d 3 13���16, e 1 18 ���22, e 2 14 ���17, e 3 15 ���16, f 2 15, f 3 15���16, h 1 14���16, h 2 16���18. Palps. (Fig. 93) Palps similar to adult. Tibial seta 6���7 long; tarsal eupathidia both 5 long; solenidion 3 long. Venter. Cuticle with transverse striae to setae 3 a, longitudinal to anal area, slightly coarser around anal area. Anal setae ps 1���3 on weakly defined anal plates. Coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 28 ��� 37, 1 b 13���19, 3 a 32���40, ps 1 4���5, ps 2 4���5, ps 3 4���5. Legs. (Fig. 93) Setal formula for legs I���III (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 1-4 - 7 (1), 0- 0-3 - 1-4 - 7 (1), 0- 0-2 - 1-3 - 3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (4 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (4���5 long). Leg setation as in protonymph except: seta 2 b absent; seta 3 b absent; tr I���III nude; ta I���III without seta tc ���, tc������. Etymology. It is with great pleasure that the manuscript���s second author names this species for his mother���s family, the Hicklings. Remarks. Pentamerismus hicklingorum is similar to P. w a rd o, but can be separated by having one seta on the palp tibia (two setae on the palp tibia of P. w a rd o) and the dorsal cuticle having broadly rounded folds (weakly reticulate on P. w a rd o). Individual adults were found in close association with their cast nymphal skins (Fig. 94), and often still within the deutonymphal and/or protonymphal skins., Published as part of Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D. & Bauchan, Gary R., 2014, Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales), pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 3778 (1) on pages 104-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/251337

Philippipalpus belah Beard and Seeman sp. nov. (Figs 103���104) Type material examined. Holotype female ex. Belah Casuarina cristata (Casuarinaceae). AUSTRALIA: New South Wales, Newell Highway, approx. 15 km N Moree, 86 km S Goondiwindi, 29 �� 21 ��� 20 ��� S 150 ��00��� 24 ��� E, 21 August. 2007, coll. J.J. Beard (QM). Paratypes. 2 females, same data as holotype (QM). Diagnosis. Distance between setae v 2 -h 1 305���315. Distance between e 2 -e 2 115���120. Prodorsal shield laterally with irregular weak folded sculpturing in a longitudinal-oblique pattern, medially with weak folded to reticulate sculpturing; without depressions. Cuticle between prodorsal and opisthosomal shields (sejugal region) weakly striate. Opisthosomal shield with indistinct paired mesonotal regions and pygidial region; mesonotal regions indistinctly separated from each other by irregular folded cuticle; mesonotal and pygidial region not noticeably demarcated. Lateral cuticle with 3 a- 4 a entirely transverse. Spermatheca round, 2 x 2, without grainy appearance. FEMALE (n = 3). Dorsum. (Fig. 103 a) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 307���315 [315], sc 2 - sc 2 105 ��� 105 [105]; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 27���30 [29], sc 1 -sc 1 80���82 [82], c 1 -c 1 28���32 [31], c 3 -c 3 135���140 [140], d 1 -d 1 17���19 [18], d 3 -d 3 125���130 [125], e 1 - e 1 17���20 [18], e 2 -e 2 115���120 [115], e 3 -e 3 100���105 [100], f 3 -f 3 80���82 [82], h 1 -h 1 20���26 [26], h 2 -h 2 51���55 [55]. Gnathosoma concealed beneath the prodorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum with a deep medial notch (internal depth 21���23 [23]) forming 1 pair of broad fleshy lobes, each bearing v 2 (inserted dorsally). Prodorsal shield laterally with irregular weak folded sculpturing in a longitudinaloblique pattern, medially with weak folded to reticulate sculpturing; without depressions. Cuticle between prodorsal and opisthosomal shields (sejugal region) weakly striate. Opisthosomal shield with indistinct paired mesonotal regions and pygidial region; mesonotal regions indistinctly separated from each other by irregular folded cuticle; mesonotal and pygidial region not noticeably demarcated; pair of strong longitudinal folds laterad d 1 -d 1; irregular transverse folds between d 1 -e 1; longitudinal folds to weak reticulation between e 1 -h 1. Lateral cuticle with v 2 15 [15], sc 1 14 [14], sc 2 17���18 [18], c 1 17���19 [19], c 3 15��� 16 [16], d 1 15���16 [15], d 3 16���17 [17], e 1 13 ���14 [13], e 2 15 ���17 [16], e 3 15 ���17 [15], f 3 16���19 [17], h 1 12���14 [13], h 2 16���18 [18]. Palps. (Fig. 103 b) Setal formula 0, 0, 0, 2, 3 (1 s+ 2 e). Tibial setae, dorsal 6���7 [6] long, ventral 8���10 [10] long; tarsal eupathidia 5 [5], 5���7 [6] long; solenidion 6 [6] long. Venter. (Fig. 104 a) Cuticle anterolaterad 1 a with granular appearance; 1 b - 1 a with longitudinal striae; 1 a - 4 a with transverse striae; cuticle posterior to cx IV transverse, abruptly becoming longitudinal to genital area; fine striae become coarse lateral to genital area. Genital setae inserted in more-or-less transverse row along posterior margin of genital shield, setae g 1 inserted slightly posterior to g 2. Genital shield smooth, weakly developed, membranous. All coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 34 ��� 44 [44], 1 b 17���18 [17], 2 b 12���13 [13], 2 c 16���18 [16], 3a 40 ��� 48 [48], 3 b 16 [16], 4a 29 ��� 38 [29], 4 b 13���16 [16], ag 1 15 [15], g 1 17���19 [19], g 2 16���18 [18], ps 1 14���16 [16], ps 2 15���17 [15], ps 3 13���14 [14]. Spermatheca. (Fig. 104 b) Spermathecal tube long and narrow, 95���110 [95] long, ending in small rounded membranous vesicle (2 x 2), subtended by 1 pair of minute circular accessory structures. Genital opening anteromedad anal setae ps 3. Legs. (Figs 103 a, 104 c) Setal formula for legs I���IV (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 1-4 - 8 (1), 2 - 0-3 - 1-4 - 8 (1), 1 - 1-2 - 0-2 - 4, 1 - 0-1 - 0- 2 - 4. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (9���10 [9] long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (ta I 7���8 [7] long; ta II 6 [6] long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except: cx I without 1 c; tr I���IV without v ��� (l' present on tr III); ge I���III without l ���, ge I���II without v ���; ti III���IV without d; ta I���IV without tc ������. OTHER STAGES. Unknown. Etymology. The specific name refers to the common name of the host ��� Belah ���. Remarks. Philippipalpus belah lacks the extensive papillation on the soft cuticle around both dorsal shields that is present in Philippipalpus agohoi and Ph. flumaquercus. Philippipalpus belah females have smoother cuticle lateral to the opisthosomal shields, and more medial wrinkles and folds between setae c 1 -h 1 than do females of Ph. nigraquercus. This species was found in association with Pentamerismus sititoris and Chaudhripalpus costacola., Published as part of Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D. & Bauchan, Gary R., 2014, Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales), pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 3778 (1) on pages 121-124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/251337

Philippipalpus agohoi Corpuz-Raros, 1978 (Figs 95���97) Philippipalpus agohoi Corpuz-Raros, 1978: 220, fig. 5. Philippipalpus agohoi Smiley et al. (1996): 172, figs 11���15. Type material examined. 5 female paratypes ex. Coastal She-Oak (���Agoho���) Casuarina equisetifolia (Casuarinaceae), THE PHILIPPINES, Cagayan, Sta. Ana, 31 March 1977, coll. J.M. Sotto (USNM, 2 slides). Diagnosis. Distance between setae v 2 -h 1 300���310. Distance between e 2 -e 2 130���140. Prodorsal shield with oblique depressions, covered with fine reticulate sculpturing. Cuticle between prodorsal and opisthosomal shields (sejugal region) strongly papillate-striate. Opisthosomal shield with 4���5 pairs of broad transverse depressions with finely reticulate cuticle within each depression sublaterally; 4���5 smooth ridges in sublateral cuticle associated with depressions; mesonotal region indistinctly separated from pygidial region. Lateral cuticle with> 100 strong papillae. Cuticle between 3 a- 4 a with mixed striae. Vesicle of spermatheca round, 2 x 2, with granulate appearance. FEMALE (5 paratypes). Dorsum. (Fig. 95 a) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 300���310, sc 2 - sc 2 115���125; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 25���38, sc 1 -sc 1 88���95, c 1 -c 1 35���42, c 3 -c 3 150���165, d 1 -d 1 26���29, d 3 -d 3 135���150, e 1 - e 1 16���23, e 2 -e 2 130���140, e 3 -e 3 115���120, f 3 -f 3 90���98, h 1 -h 1 21���28, h 2 -h 2 58���67. Gnathosoma completely concealed beneath the prodorsum. Anterior margin of the prodorsum with deep medial notch (internal depth 15���19), forming 1 pair of broad fleshy lobes; setae v 2 inserted beneath a fold on the lobes; anterior notch located within a weak depression (Fig. 95 a). Prodorsal shield with fine reticulation of small cells; 4���5 pairs of oblique depressions and associated oblique ridges on lateral margin of shield medad setae sc 1���2; laterad cuticle strongly papillate. Three pairs of tiny pores present sublaterally, in longitudinal row. Cuticle between prodorsal and opisthosomal shield (sejugal region) obviously papillate. Opisthosomal shield with smooth to folded and papillate sculpturing medially between c 1 ���e 1; 4���5 pairs of broad transverse depressions with finely reticulate cuticle within each depression sublaterally; 4���5 pairs of smooth transverse ridges in sublateral cuticle between the depressions; lateral cuticle strongly papillate; posterior cuticle between e 1 ���h 1 finely striate to reticulate. Paired tiny pores between each of c 1 ���c 3, d 1 ���d 3, and 2 pairs sublateral to e 1; 1 pair of large pores present medad d 3 ���e 3 (total 5 pairs of pores visible). All dorsal setae barbed, thick, with triangular cross-section (except e 1, h 1). Setal lengths: v 2 17��� 20, sc 1 18���22, sc 2 21���23, c 1 19���24, c 3 18���23, d 1 13���18, d 3 21���22, e 1 12 ���15, e 2 21 ���24, e 3 21 ���24, f 3 20���23, h 1 14���16, h 2 19���22. Palps. (Fig. 95 b) Setal formula 0, 0, 0, 2, 3 (1 s+ 2 e). Tibial setae, dorsal 7���8 long, ventral 9���11 long; tarsal eupathidia 5���7 long, 7���8 long; solenidion 6���7 long. Venter. (Fig. 96 a) Cuticle anterolaterad 1 a with granular appearance; cuticle between 1 b - 1 a with longitudinal striae; 1 a - 3 a with transverse striae; striae mixed between 3 a - 3 a; 3 a - 4 a with transverse to wavy striae; 4 a - 4 a with mixed striae becoming transverse posterior to 4 a, then longitudinal around the genital region. Genital setae inserted in more-or-less transverse line along posterior margin of genital shield, setae g 1 inserted slightly posterior to g 2. Genital shield membranous, weakly developed, smooth. All coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 52 ��� 78, 1 b 20���28, 2 b 18���22, 2 c 21���23, 3 a 48���74, 3 b 22���31, 4 a 44��� 53, 4 b 26���29, ag 1 15���19, g 1 21���25, g 2 18���21, ps 1 14���17, ps 2 13���17, ps 3 9���12. Spermatheca. (Fig. 96 b) Spermathecal tube long and narrow, 100���105 long, ending in a granular, membranous vesicle. Genital opening anteromedad anal setae ps 3. Legs. (Fig. 97) Setal formula for legs I���IV (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 1-4 - 8 (1), 2 - 0-3 - 1-4 - 8 (1), 1 - 1-2 - 0-2 - 4, 1 - 0-1 - 0-2 - 4. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (10���11 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'- p��" (7���8, 8 ��� 9 long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except: coxae I without 1 c; tr I���IV without v ��� (l' present on tr III); ge I���II with d, ge I���IV without l ���, ge I���II without l������; ti III���IV without d; ta I���IV without tc ������. OTHER STAGES. Unknown. Remarks. The redescription of Smiley et al. (1996) reported two setae on genu I, but there is only one dorsal seta present on this segment. Also, they reported the setal count on tarsi I���II as 6 (1), but the count is actually 8 (1). Philippipalpus agohoi and P. flumaquercus are similar in that they both have strongly papillate dorsolateral cuticle, and can be separated from P. nigraquercus and P. belah that both have smooth to weakly papillate dorslateral cuticle. Philippipalpus agohoi can be separated from P. flumaquercus by having a finely reticulate prodorsum, while the latter has a coarsely rugose prodorsum. The host genus, Casuarina, is the most widespread genus in the family, and Ca. equisetifolia is the most widely distributed species within the genus, with a littoral distribution ranging across tropical and subtropical coastlines of northern and northeastern Australia, Burma to Vietnam, Malesia, Melanesia and Polynesia (Johnson & Wilson 1989). This plant has also been introduced to the southern United States, West Africa and Madagascar (Johnson & Wilson 1989). The wide present day distribution of Ca. equisetifolia is an example of the ability of Casuarinaceae species to achieve dispersal by wind and sea (and highly likely by humans) (Steane et al. 2003). In a phylogenetic study by Steane et al. (2003), two subspecies of Ca. equisetifolia, subsp. equisetifolia and subsp. incana, collected from Queensland, Australia, grouped with Casuarina species from the Indomalesian region, rather than with other Australian endemic species. Such a grouping suggests that Ca. equisetifolia is either a relatively new species that came to Australia from Indomalesia, or it evolved in Australia (from an ancestor shared with the other Indomalesian taxa) and then dispersed to other regions (Steane et al. 2003). The origin of this species is of great interest in terms of the origin of Ph. agohoi which is the only non-Australian species in the Tegopalpinae. Records of Ca. equisetifolia from India, the Mascarene Islands (near Madagascar) and other tropical areas are regarded as relatively recent deliberate or accidental introductions (Johnson & Wilson 1989)., Published as part of Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D. & Bauchan, Gary R., 2014, Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales), pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 3778 (1) on pages 112-115, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/251337, {"references":["Corpuz-Raros, L. A. (1978) New Philippine Tetranychoidea (Acarina). Kalikasan, Philippines Journal of Biology, 7 (3), 211 - 230.","Johnson, L. A. S. & Wilson, K. L. (1989) Casuarinaceae: a synopsis. In: Crane, P. R. & Blackmore, S. (Eds.), Evolution, Systematics, and Fossil History of the Hamamelidae, Volume 2: \" Higher Hamamelidae. \" Systematics Association Special Volume No. 40 B, Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp. 167 - 188.","Steane, D. A., Wilson, K. L. & Hill, R. S. (2003) Using mat K sequence data to unravel the phylogeny of Casuarinaceae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 28, 47 - 59. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / s 1055 - 7903 (03) 00028 - 9"]}

Crossipalpus raveni Beard and Seeman sp. nov. (Figs 32���37) Type material examined. Holotype female ex. Woolly Oak Allocasuarina inophloia (Casuarinaceae), AUSTRALIA: Queensland, Moonie Highway, 90 km W Moonie, 27 �� 56 ��� 57 ��� S 149 �� 31 ��� 19 ��� E, 0 5 May 2007, coll. J.J. Beard and P.I. Forster (QM; BRI voucher PIF 32483). Paratypes. 9 females, 5 males, and 4 larvae, same data as holotype (QM, ANIC, USNM). Diagnosis. Dorsal setae lanceolate, strongly barbed; setae e 1 shortest. Palpal segments as wide as long. Genua I���II with seta d, without l������; tarsi I���IV without tc������. Solenidia of male much thicker and longer than in female. FEMALE (n = 10). Dorsum. (Fig. 32 a) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 310���365 in 9 paratypes [355]; sc 2 -sc 2 100���110 [110]; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 22���24 [24], sc 1 -sc 1 86���98 [98], c 1 -c 1 15���22 [22], c 2 -c 2 100���115 [115], c 3 -c 3 125���145 [135], d 1 -d 1 14���21 [21], d 2 -d 2 85���95 [94], d 3 -d 3 110���120 [120], e 1 - e 1 14���18 [16], e 2 -e 2 100���110 [110], e 3 - e 3 89���100 [95], f 3 -f 3 70���80 [73], h 1 -h 1 12���17 [13], h 2 -h 2 35���54 [48]. Gnathosoma completely concealed beneath prodorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum rounded. Prodorsal shield weakly developed with oblique grooves laterally, longitudinal grooves medially. Opisthosomal shield weakly developed with oblique-longitudinal lineate grooves, becoming transverse between setae d 1 -e 1. Lateral cuticle surrounding shields smooth. Dorsal setae lanceolate, barbed; setae e 1 shorter than other setae. Setal lengths: v 2 21��� 25 [22], sc 1 20���25 [20], sc 2 20���22 [20], c 1 15���19 [15], c 2 14���20 [16], c 3 17���21 [18], d 1 12���19 [15], d 2 14���21 [18], d 3 17���21 [18], e 1 7 ���9 [8], e 2 17 ���24 [19], e 3 17 ���24 [20], f 3 18���23 [21], h 1 9���12 [11], h 2 21���24 [21]. Palps. (Fig. 32 b) Setal formula 0, 0, 0, 1, 3 (1 s+ 2 e). Tibial seta 9���11 [9] long; tarsal eupathidia 6 [6], 5 [5] long; solenidion 4���5 [4] long. Venter. (Fig. 33 a) Cuticle with fine transverse striae between setae 1 a - 3 a, longitudinal between setae 3 a - 4 a, then convex for 20���30 ��m, striae longitudinal posterior to setae 4 a; fine striae become coarse lateral to genital area. Genital setae inserted in more-or-less transverse row, g 1 inserted slightly posterior to level of g 2. Genital shield smooth, poorly developed; anal setae ps 1���2 inserted medially on anal plates in longitudinal line; seta ps 3 absent. Coxal setae fine, 2 c barbed; setae ag 1, g 1���2, ps 1���2 fine, with few barbs. Setal lengths: 1a 64 ��� 83 [64], 1 b 18���30 [21], 2 b 18���25 [18], 2 c 18���21 [19], 3a 35 ��� 66 [35], 3 b 16���22 [17], 4a 42 ��� 92 [45], 4 b 14���26 [15], ag 1 14���18 [14], g 1 20���24 [21], g 2 18���23 [19], ps 1 11���16 [14], ps 2 10���13 [13]. Spermatheca. (Fig. 33 b) Spermathecal tube long, becoming narrow and sometimes convoluted distally, maximum 2 wide, ca. 80 long. Spermatheca vesicle not oval-shaped, 4 long, 2 wide. Genital opening between setae ps 2. Legs. (Fig. 34) Setal formula for legs I���IV (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 1-3 - 1-4 - 8 (1), 2 - 1-3 - 1-4 - 8 (1), 1-2 - 2 - 0-3 - 4, 1 - 1 - 1 - 0-3 - 4. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (5���6 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (7���8 [7] long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except: coxae I without 1 c; genua I���II with d, without l������; tarsi I���IV without tc������. Setae v' added to tr IV. MALE (5 paratypes). Dorsum. (Fig. 35) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 245���265, sc 2 -sc 2 83���91; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 13���17, sc 1 -sc 1 69���74, c 1 -c 1 12���17, c 2 -c 2 85���94, c 3 -c 3 96���112, d 1 -d 1 11���13, d 2 -d 2 69���74, d 3 -d 3 78���87, e 1 - e 1 11���17, e 2 - e 2 73���81, e 3 - e 3 69���77, f 3 -f 3 57���66, h 1 -h 1 7���10, h 2 -h 2 35���43. Gnathosoma not concealed beneath prodorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum smooth, weakly convex. Prodorsal shield weakly developed. Opisthosoma with mesonotal shield (appearing as a pair of shields) on which at least setae c 1, d 1 and d 2 inserted, with weak rugose-lineate pattern; and pygidial shield with at least setae e 1, e 3, f 3, h 2 inserted, with oblique-longitudinal weakly lineate pattern; setae h 1 often under posterior overhang of pygidial shield; shields separated by transverse striae; cuticle laterad mesonotal shield smooth with few papillations; several minute pores visible on shields. Setal lengths: v 2 19���24, sc 1 16���19, sc 2 15���20, c 1 9���14, c 2 11���16, c 3 15���17, d 1 7��� 13, d 2 9���15, d 3 12���18, e 1 6 ���8, e 2 14 ���17, e 3 15 ���18, f 3 15���19, h 1 7���10, h 2 15���19. Palps. Palps similar to female. Tibial seta 8���10 long; tarsal eupathidia 6���7, 5 ��� 6 long; solenidion 7���8 long, swollen. Venter. (Fig. 36 a) All striae transverse, becoming coarse posteriorly and weak around setae ag 1. Coxal setae fine, except 2 c barbed. Setae ag 1 barbed; g 1, g 2, ps 2 fine; setae ps 1 modified to form thick blades (sexually dimorphic). Setal lengths: 1a 47 ��� 52, 1 b 19���27, 2 b 19���24, 2 c 13���21, 3 a 46���60, 3 b 17���21, 4 a 37���48, 4 b 15���18, ag 1 13���16, g 1 11���15, g 2 15���20, ps 1 15���16, ps 2 8���11. Aedeagus. (Fig. 36 b) Narrow, sclerotised, tapering to a point, 67���70 long. Membranous duct runs from inside aedeagus, becoming indistinguishable. Legs. (Fig. 35) Setal formula same as female. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (ta I 9���11 long, ta II 9���10 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (ta I 6���7, 5��� 6; ta II 7, 7���8). Solenidia much thicker and longer than those in female. DEUTONYMPH and PROTONYMPH. Unknown. LARVA (4 paratypes). Dorsum. (Fig. 37) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 170���180, sc 2 -sc 2 61���64; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 15���16, sc 1 -sc 1 51���55, c 1 -c 1 8���9, c 2 -c 2 58���60, c 3 -c 3 84���87, d 1 -d 1 11���13, e 1 - e 1 5���6, e 2 - e 2 53���54, e 3 - e 3 40���44, f 3 -f 3 34���35, h 1 -h 1 5���7, h 2 -h 2 13���17. Prodorsal shield obsolete. Opisthosomal shields absent; sparse irregular transverse striae anteriorly. Setal lengths: v 2 24���27, sc 1 12���16, sc 2 15���17, c 1 17��� 22, c 2 15���17, c 3 10���11, d 1 15���20, d 2 14���18, d 3 11���12, e 1 4 ���8, e 2 15 ���17, e 3 14 ���17, f 3 16���19, h 1 5���6, h 2 18���19. Palps. Palps same as adult. Tibial seta 6���7 long; tarsal eupathidia 3, 4 long, solenidion 2 long. Venter. Transverse striae, becoming oblique around anal region. All setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 21 ��� 28, 1 b 13���16, 3 a 16���30, ps 1 4���6, ps 2 4���6. Legs. (Fig. 37) Setal formula for legs I���III (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 0-4 - 7 (1), 0- 0-3 - 0-4 - 7 (1), 0- 0-2 - 0-3 - 3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (3 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (4���5 long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except genua I���III without l ���. Trochanters I���III nude. Etymology. It is with great pleasure that we name this species for our colleague and friend Dr Robert Raven, in recognition of his support for our work and his immense contribution to Arachnology. Remarks. Crossipalpus raveni sp. nov. is similar to Cr. gersoni sp. nov., as they both have seta d present on ge I���II, but Cr. raveni has lanceolate setae d on femora and genua I���II (spatulate in Cr. gersoni), and posterior ventral setae are thin, setiform and weakly barbed (broadly lanceolate and strongly barbed in Cr. gersoni)., Published as part of Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D. & Bauchan, Gary R., 2014, Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales), pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 3778 (1) on pages 44-51, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/251337

Crossipalpus gersoni Beard and Seeman sp. nov. (Figs 25���31) Type material examined. Holotype female ex. stems of Allocasuarina luehmannii (Casuarinaceae), AUSTRALIA: Queensland, near Mount Slopeaway, on the old Marlborough-Sarina Road, 22 �� 52 ��� 16 ��� S 149 �� 50 ��� 28 ��� E, 19 March 2005, coll. J.J. Beard and P.I. Forster (QM). Paratypes. 14 females, 6 males, 4 deutonymphs, 3 protonymphs, and 4 larvae, same data as holotype (QM, ANIC, USNM). Diagnosis. Dorsal setae short, broadly lanceolate, strongly barbed; dorsal setae subequal in length except c 1, d 1, e 1, h 1 obviously shorter. Palpal segments as wide as long. Genua I���II with seta d, without l������; tarsi I���IV without seta tc������. Solenidia of male much thicker and longer than in female. Female (n = 15). Dorsum. (Fig. 25 a) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 275���325 [325]; sc 2 - sc 2 88���110 [110]; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 19���22 [22], sc 1 -sc 1 69���89 [89], c 1 -c 1 29���37 [37], c 2 -c 2 105���125 [125], c 3 -c 3 125���145 [145], d 1 -d 1 23���28 [28], d 2 -d 2 89���110 [110], d 3 -d 3 105���130 [130], e 1 - e 1 6���17 [6], e 2 - e 2 92���120 [120], e 3 - e 3 83���100 [100], f 3 -f 3 71���89 [89], h 1 -h 1 14���18 [17], h 2 -h 2 49���58 [58]. Gnathosoma completely concealed beneath prodorsum (Fig. 26). Anterior margin of prodorsum rounded. Seta v 2 inserted dorsally, though its setal base is sometimes partially concealed by an anterior fold (Fig. 25 a). Prodorsal shield weakly developed with papillate-rugose sculpturing laterally, longitudinal grooves medially. Opisthosomal shield weakly developed with rugose to lineate pattern, becoming weakly rugose medially between setae d 1 -e 1. Lateral cuticle surrounding shields rugose-papillate. Most dorsal setae broadly lanceolate, barbed; medial opisthosomal setae shorter than lateral setae, palmate. Setal lengths: v 2 13���17 [17], sc 1 15���19 [19], sc 2 15���21 [21], c 1 8���11 [11], c 2 13���15 [15], c 3 15���22 [22], d 1 5���9 [9], d 2 12���14 [14], d 3 13���18 [18], e 1 4 ���7 [7], e 2 14 ���17 [17], e 3 14 ���17 [17], f 3 15���18 [18], h 1 5���7 [7], h 2 13���17 [17]. Palps. (Figs 25 b, 26) Setal formula 0, 0, 0, 1, 3 (1 s+ 2 e). Tibial seta 6���8 [6] long; tarsal eupathidia 6 long, 5���6 [5] long; solenidion 5���6 [6] long. Vent er. (Figs 26, 27 a) Cuticle with fine transverse striae between setae 1 a - 3 a, longitudinal between setae 3 a - 4 a, then convex for 20���30, striae longitudinal posterior to setae 4 a; fine striae become coarse lateral to genital area. Genital setae inserted in more-or-less transverse row, g 1 inserted slightly posterior to level of g 2. Genital shield smooth, poorly developed, ca. 15���20 [16] long, 35���40 [38] wide; anal setae ps 1���2 inserted medially on anal plates in longitudinal line; seta ps 3 absent. Coxal setae fine, except 2 c heavily barbed; setae ag 1, g 1���2, ps 1���2 lanceolate. Setal lengths: 1a 44 ��� 55 [44], 1 b 20���26 [25], 2 b 13���19 [19], 2 c 14���17 [17], 3a 35 ��� 50 [50], 3 b 12���22 [22], 4a 40 ��� 46 [45], 4 b 13���17 [17], ag 1 9���11 [11], g 1 12���15 [15], g 2 12���14 [13], ps 1 7���11 [11], ps 2 8���10 [10]. Spermatheca. (Fig. 27 b) Spermathecal tube long, distinctly broad near external opening, becoming narrow and convoluted distally, maximum 2 wide, ca. 100 long. Thickened part of tube 52���56 long. Spermatheca vesicle not visible. Genital opening between setae ps 2. Legs. (Fig. 28) Setal formula for legs I���IV (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 1-3 - 1-4 - 8 (1), 2 - 1-3 - 1-4 - 8 (1), 1-2 - 2 - 0-3 - 4, 1 - 1 - 1 - 0-3 - 4. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (7���8 [8] long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (6���7 [7] long, 6���8 [8] long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except: coxae I without 1 c; genua I���II with d, without l ��� and l������; tarsi I���IV without tc������. Setae v' added to tr IV. MALE (6 paratypes). Dorsum. ( Figs 29, 30 a) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 195���225, sc 2 -sc 2 76���81; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 11���13, sc 1 -sc 1 56���63, c 1 -c 1 25���28, c 2 -c 2 78���87, c 3 -c 3 99���110, d 1 -d 1 10���14, d 2 -d 2 68���71, d 3 -d 3 79���87, e 1 - e 1 7���8, e 2 - e 2 67���71, e 3 - e 3 61���65, f 3 -f 3 52���58, h 1 -h 1 8���10, h 2 -h 2 30���40. Gnathosoma not concealed beneath prodorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum smooth, weakly convex. Prodorsal shield weakly developed. Opisthosoma with mesonotal shield (appearing as a pair of shields) on which at least setae c 1, d 1 and d 2 inserted, with weak rugose-lineate pattern; and pygidial shield with at least setae e 1, e 3, f 3, h 2 inserted, with oblique-longitudinal weakly lineate pattern; setae h 1 often under posterior extension of pygidial shield (Fig. 30 a); shields separated by transverse striae; cuticle laterad mesonotal shield papillate; several minute pores visible on shields. Setal lengths: v 2 13���15, sc 1 13���17, sc 2 15���18, c 1 9���11, c 2 10���12, c 3 12���17, d 1 8���9, d 2 10���12, d 3 12���16, e 1 5, e 2 13 ���15, e 3 12 ���16, f 3 13���14, h 1 6���7, h 2 12���14. Palps. (Fig. 29) Palps similar to female. Tibial seta 8 long; tarsal eupathidia 5���6, 6 long; solenidion 7 long. Venter. (Figs 30 b, c) All striae transverse, becoming coarse on opisthogaster and weak around setae ag 1. Coxal setae fine, except 2 c narrowly lanceolate. Setae ag 1, g 2 thick, barbed; g 1, ps 2 thin, barbed; setae ps 1 modified to form thick blades (sexually dimorphic) (Figs 29; 30 a, b). Setal lengths: 1a 33 ��� 40, 1 b 23���25, 2 b 18���20, 2 c 10���15, 3 a 42���45, 3 b 10���12, 4 a 36���45, 4 b 10��� 14, ag 1 7���10, g 1 7���10, g 2 10���11, ps 1 13���16, ps 2 6. Aedeagus. (Figs 30 c, d) Narrow, sclerotised, tapering to a point, 55���61 long. Membranous duct runs from inside aedeagus, becoming indistinguishable. Legs. (Fig. 29) Setal formula same as female. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (ta I 9���10 long, ta II 9 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (ta I 5���6, 6 long; ta II 6, 6 long). Solenidia much thicker and longer than in female. DEUTONYMPH (4 paratypes). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 215���250, sc 2 -sc 2 71���87; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 18���22, sc 1 -sc 1 57���67, c 1 -c 1 22, c 2 -c 2 76���90, c 3 -c 3 97���113, d 1 -d 1 15���20, d 2 - d 2 56���68, d 3 -d 3 77���94, e 1 - e 1 7���11, e 2 - e 2 68���81, e 3 - e 3 62���78, f 3 -f 3 52���62, h 1 -h 1 11���13, h 2 -h 2 35���39. Prodorsal shield weakly developed with oblique-longitudinal striations. Opisthosoma with setae c 1, d 1 and d 2 on paired, weak platelets. Striae transverse, becoming convex posteriorly. Setal lengths: v 2 12���18, sc 1 16���17, sc 2 16���20, c 1 11���13, c 2 14���17, c 3 13���16, d 1 8���11, d 2 13���17, d 3 14���17, e 1 5, e 2 14 ���17, e 3 14 ���15, f 3 13���15, h 1 6���8, h 2 13���16. Palps. Palps similar to adult. Tibial seta 6 long; tarsal eupathidia 3, 4 long, solenidion 4 long. Venter. Cuticle with transverse striae anteriorly, longitudinal between setae 3 a- 4 a, then transverse, becoming concave, to ag 1, then transverse and coarse to posterior margin. Coxal setae fine, except 2 c barbed; setae ag 1 narrowly lanceolate, g 1 barbed. Setal lengths: 1a 35 ��� 40, 1 b 12���16, 2 b 11���17, 2 c 12���14, 3 a 26���36, 3 b 10���15, 4 a 27���30, 4 b 10���15, ag 1 8��� 10, g 1 8���12, ps 1 6���8, ps 2 6���8. Legs. Setal formula for legs I���IV (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 1-3 - 1-4 - 8 (1), 2 - 1-3 - 1-4 - 8 (1), 1- 2 - 2 - 0-3 - 4, 1 - 0-1 - 0-3 - 4. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (ta I 4���6 long, ta II 4���5 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (5, 5���6 long). Leg setation as in adult except: tr IV without seta v ���. Setae v' added to tr I���III. PROTONYMPH (3 paratypes). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 158���181, sc 2 -sc 2 64���70; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 16���19, sc 1 -sc 1 52���57, c 1 -c 1 16���24, c 2 -c 2 63���76, c 3 -c 3 97���99, d 1 -d 1 16���17, d 2 -d 2 49���51, d 3 -d 3 67���73, e 1 - e 1 6, e 2 - e 2 64���67, e 3 - e 3 57���61, f 3 -f 3 43���44, h 1 -h 1 22���24, h 2 -h 2 7���9. Prodorsal shield weakly developed. Opisthosoma with setae c 1, d 1 and d 2 on paired, weak platelets. Striae of idiosoma similar to deutonymph. Setal lengths: v 2 13���15, sc 1 14���15, sc 2 14���15, c 1 12���13, c 2 14���16, c 3 13���14, d 1 11, d 2 13���14, d 3 14, e 1 4 ���5, e 2 12, e 3 14 ���15, f 3 9���13, h 1 4���5, h 2 9���15. Palps. Palps similar to deutonymph except solenidion 3 long. Venter. Same as deutonymph. Coxal setae fine, except 2 b, ag 1 barbed. Setal lengths: 1a 36, 1 b 11���13, 2 b 13���16, 3 a 30, 3 b 9, ag 1 7, ps 1 5, ps 2 5���6. Setae 2 c, 4 a, 4 b, g 1, g 2 absent. Legs. Setal formula for legs I��� IV (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 0-4 - 8 (1), 1 - 0-3 - 0-4 - 8 (1), 1 - 1-2 - 0-3 - 4, 0- 0-1 - 0-3 - 3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (4 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (5, 4 ��� 5 long). Leg setation as in deutonymph except: seta 2 c absent; seta 4 b absent; tr I���III without seta v ���; ge I���II without seta d; ta IV without setae tc ���. Setae l' added to tr III. LARVA (4 paratypes). Dorsum. (Fig. 31) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 130���150, sc 2 -sc 2 55���60; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 13���15, sc 1 -sc 1 43���49, c 1 -c 1 12���16, c 2 -c 2 51���55, c 3 -c 3 84���85, d 1 -d 1 13���15, e 1 - e 1 4���5, e 2 - e 2 57���62, e 3 - e 3 38���44, f 3 -f 3 11���13, h 1 -h 1 5���7, h 2 -h 2 10���13. Prodorsal shield weakly formed, 58��� 60 long, 61���66 wide, with few irregular striations. Opisthosomal shields absent; coarse, irregular transverse striae becoming oblique posteriorly. Setal lengths: v 2 11���14, sc 1 12���13, sc 2 14���15, c 1 10, c 2 12���14, c 3 11, d 1 9���11, d 2 11���14, d 3 11���13, e 1 3 ���4, e 2 11 ���15, e 3 11 ���12, f 3 11���13, h 1 4���5, h 2 11���14. Palps. (Fig. 31 a) Palps same as deutonymph. Tibial seta 5���6 long; tarsal eupathidia 2, 3 long, solenidion 2���3 long. Venter. (Fig. 31 b) Striation same as deutonymph. All setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 17 ��� 27, 1 b 9���13, 3 a 25���33, ps 1 4���5, ps 2 4���5. Legs. (Fig. 31 c) Setal formula for legs I���III (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 0-4 - 7 (1), 0- 0-3 - 0-4 - 7 (1), 0- 0-2 - 0-3 - 3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (3 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (ta I 4, 4 long; ta II 5, 5 long). Leg setation as in protonymph except: seta 2 b absent; seta 3 b absent; tr I���III nude; ta I���III without seta tc ���. Etymology. It is with great pleasure that we name this species for our colleague and friend Prof. Uri Gerson, in recognition of his acarological works, especially those on the Tegopalpinae. Remarks. Crossipalpus gersoni sp. nov. was found on Bull-Oak Allocasuarina luehmannii in Eucalyptus fibrosa woodland on red soil, with vine thicket in small patches. This species is similar to Cr. raveni sp. nov., as they both have seta d present on ge I���II, but Cr. gersoni has spatulate setae d on femora and genua I���II (lanceolate in Cr. raveni), and posterior ventral setae are thick, broadly lanceolate and strongly barbed (thin, setiform and weakly barbed in Cr. raveni)., Published as part of Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D. & Bauchan, Gary R., 2014, Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales), pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 3778 (1) on pages 36-44, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/251337

Key to adult female Tenuipalpidae from Casuarinaceae This key is based partially on that of Mesa et al. (2009). Tenuipalpus and Brevipalpus are included because these common genera are likely to be encountered occasionally from samples, and Ultratenuipalpus is included because we have collected several undescribed species from Casuarinaceae (unpublished data). This genus will be subjected to a future revision encompassing species on numerous host plants. 1. Posterior dorsal opisthosomal setae h 2 long, flagellate, usually more than twice as long as distance h 2 -h 2....... Tenuipalpus - Posterior dorsal opisthosomal setae h 2 not markedly long and flagellate, usually similar in shape and size to other dorsal setae.................................................................................................... 2 2. Dorsal opisthosomal setae c 2 present (Fig. 54)............................................................... 7 - Dorsal opisthosomal setae c 2 absent (Fig. 95)............................................................... 3 3. Venter with well defined ventral and genital plates; 2 pairs of ps setae present............................. Brevipalpus - Venter without developed ventral plate (region membranous), genital plate or flap weakly developed, membranous; 3 pairs of ps setae present...................................................................................... 4 4. Setae on posterior margin of dorsal opisthosoma with 4–5 pairs of large leaf-like setae (e 3, f 2, f 3, h 1, h 2)............................................................................... Ultratenuipalpus sensu stricto (meekeri group) - Posterior margin of opisthosoma without such setae; anterior margin of prodorsum partially or fully covering gnathosoma/inf- racapitulum; anterior margin of prodorsum with median notch forming pair of lobes (lobes may be under anterior margin of prodorsum).......................................................................................... 5 5. Opisthosomal setae e 2 present; palp tarsus with 2 eupathidia and 1 solenidion (e.g. Fig. 95)............. Philippipalpus 19 - Opisthosomal setae e 2 absent (Fig. 1); palp tarsus with 1 eupathidium and 1 solenidion (Figs 2 b, 107 b)................. 6 6. Palp with 3 segments (Fig. 107 b); setal formula for tibiae I–IV 3 - 3 - 2 - 2 (seta v′′ absent) (Fig. 114)...... Tegopalpus conicus - Palp with 4 segments (basal segment can be difficult to see) (Fig. 2 a, c); setal formula for tibiae I–IV 4 - 4 - 3 - 3 (seta v′′ present) (Fig. 4)............................................................................... Chaudhripalpus 11 7. 2 pairs of ps setae present (Fig. 15 a)...................................................................... 8 - 3 pairs of ps setae present (Fig. 58 b)....................................................................... 9 8. Dorsal opisthosomal setae f 2 present (Fig. 67 a); genua I–II with 2 setae (setae d and l ′′ present) (Fig. 70); anterior margin of prodorsum with 2 rounded median lobes, anterior to setae v 2 (Fig. 67 a)......................... Palpipalpus hesperius - Dorsal opisthosomal setae f 2 absent (Fig. 13 a); genua I–II with 1 seta (seta l or d′′ present) (Figs. 16, 28); anterior margin of prodorsum rounded, without lobes/notches (Figs 13 a, 14)........................................ Crossipalpus... 12 9. Anterior margin of prodorsum with median notch anterior to setae v 2; setae v 2 inserted posterior to lobes that form notch (Figs 54, 55); coxal seta 1 c usually present; trochanters I–IV usually with setal formula usually 1 - 1-2 - 1 (v ′ present)........... 10 - Anterior margin of prodorsum with median notch level with or between setae v 2; setae v 2 inserted either side of notch, or on lobes formed by notch (Figs. 38, 42, 48).................................................. Magdalenapalpus... 17 10. Dorsal opisthosomal setae e 2 and f 2, when present, inserted in submarginal position, aligned with c 2, d 2 (Fig. 54).......................................................................................... Meyeraepalpus delfinadae - Dorsal opisthosomal setae e 2 and f 2, when present, inserted on lateral margin, aligned with setae c 3, d 3, e 3, f 3 (Fig. 75).......................................................................................... Pentamerismus... 15 11. Trochanters I–II with seta v ′ present (setal formula tr I–IV 1 - 1 - 1 -0) (Fig. 4); ventral setae ps 1–2 broadly lanceolate, strongly barbed; setae ps 3 setiform, thin, smooth to weakly barbed (Fig. 3); dorsal opisthosomal setae c 1, d 1, e 1 (15–18, 13 – 16, 13 – 15 long, respectively) subequal in size to c 3, d 3, e 3 (16–21, 16 – 21, 15 – 21 respectively) (Fig. 1)....... Chaudhripalpus creelae - Trochanters I–II with seta v ′ absent (setal formula tr I–IV 0- 0-1 -0) (Fig. 9); ventral setae ps 1–2 narrow, setiform, barbed; setae ps 3 setiform, smooth to weakly barbed (Fig. 8 b); dorsal opisthosomal setae c 1, d 1, e 1 (13–16, 10 – 11, 9 – 10 long, respectively) slightly smaller than c 3, d 3, e 3 (18–19, 16 – 19, 16 – 18 long, respectively) (Fig. 7).............. Chaudhripalpus costacola 12. Genua I–II with seta l′′ present and seta d absent (setal formula ge I–IV 1 - 1 -0-0) (Fig. 21)........................... 13 - Genua I–II with seta l′′ absent and seta d present (setal formula ge I–IV 1 - 1 -0-0) (Fig. 28)........................... 14 13. Tarsi I–IV with seta tc ′′ present (setal formula ta I–IV 9 (1)- 9 (1)- 5 - 5) (Fig. 16); prodorsal setae v 2 obviously longer than sc 1 (21–26, 8 – 13 long, respectively); palp segments longer than wide; anterior lateral opisthosomal setae c 3, d 3, e 2 10 –16 long (Fig. 13 a)....................................................................... Crossipalpus muellerianae - Tarsi I–IV with seta tc ′′ absent (setal formula ta I–IV 8 (1)- 8 (1)- 4 - 4) (Fig. 21); prodorsal setae v 2 subequal in length to sc 1 (15– 20, 17 – 20 long, respectively); palp segments as long as wide; anterior lateral opisthosomal setae c 3, d 3, e 2 19 –24 long (Fig. 19 a)............................................................................ Crossipalpus verticillatae 14. Femora and genua I–II with d seta spatulate (Fig. 28); ventral setae ag, g 1 –2, ps 1–2 thick, broadly lanceolate, strongly barbed (Fig. 27 a); dorsal setae broadly lanceolate (Fig. 25 a).......................................... Crossipalpus gersoni - Femora and genua I–II with d seta lanceolate (Fig. 34); ventral setae ag, g 1–2, ps 1–2 thin, setiform, weakly barbed (Fig. 33 a); dorsal setae narrowly lanceolate (Fig. 32 a)................................................... Crossipalpus raveni 15. Ventral setae g 1–2 and ps 1–2 thick, broadly lanceolate, strongly barbed; setae ag palmate, strongly barbed (Fig. 76 a); femora and genua I–II with d seta palmate (Fig. 75).............................................. Pentamerismus sititoris - Ventral setae g 1–2 fine, setiform, weakly barbed; ps setae fine, setiform; ps 1 thicker than ps 2–3; setae ag setiform to lanceolate (Fig. 89 a); femora and genua I–II with d seta lanceolate to weakly spatulate (Fig. 90).............................. 16 16. Palp tibia with 1 seta (Fig. 88 b); ventral setae ag fine, setiform (Fig. 89 a); dorsal cuticle with broad rounded folds (Figs 88 a, 94).......................................................................... Pentamerismus hicklingorum - Palp tibia with 2 setae (Fig. 82 b); ventral setae ag lanceolate (Fig. 83); dorsal cuticle weakly reticulate (Fig. 82 a)............................................................................................. Pentamerismus wardo 17. Dorsal opisthosomal setae f 2 present (Fig. 38)...................................... Magdalenapalpus strandtmanni - Dorsal opisthosomal setae f 2 absent (Fig. 42).............................................................. 18 18. Distance between dorsal opisthosomal setae d 1 -d 1 26–30, e 1 - e 1 23–25; dorsal setae broadly lanceolate (Fig. 42)......................................................................................... Magdalenapalpus caperatus - Distance between dorsal opisthosomal setae d 1 -d 1 11–16, e 1 - e 1 9–13; dorsal setae narrowly lanceolate (Fig. 48 a).......................................................................................... Magdalenapalpus forsteri 19. Dorsal lateral cuticle smooth to moderately papillate; sejugal zone smooth or weakly striate (Fig. 105)................. 20 - Dorsal lateral cuticle strongly papillate; sejugal zone coarsely striate to papillate (Fig. 98 a).......................... 21 20. Dorsal lateral cuticle moderately and irregularly papillate; medial opisthonotum smooth or with few coarse striae (Fig. 105).............................................................................. Philippipalpus nigraquercus - Dorsal lateral cuticle smooth anteriorly, becoming more papillate posteriorly; medial opisthosoma with coarse striae (Fig. 103 a).............................................................................. Philippipalpus belah 21. Prodorsum coarsely rugose, forming polygons medially; opisthonotum with coarse striations (Fig. 98 a)............................................................................................... Philippipalpus flumaquercus - Prodorsum finely reticulate, forming network of small cells medially; opisthonotum rugose-papillate medially with patches of reticulation sublaterally (Fig. 95 a)...................................................... Philippipalpus agohoi

Tegopalpus conicus Womersley, 1940 (Figs 107���123) Tegopalpus conicus Womersley, 1940: 242, fig. 4. Tegopalpus conicus, Smiley et al. 2009: 168, figs 1���6. Type material examined. Holotype female ex. C asuarina sp. (Casuarinaceae), AUSTRALIA: New South Wales, Avalon Beach, 26 August 1934, coll. Womersley (SAM, N 1970401). Paratypes. 1 male and 1 larva, same data as holotype (1 slide; SAM, N 1970400). Non-type material examined. 10 females, 2 deutonymphs, 2 protonymphs, and 4 larvae ex. Swamp She-Oak C asuarina glauca (Casuarinaceae), AUSTRALIA: New South Wales, Des Creagh Reserve, 35 km N of Sydney, Avalon Beach, 33 �� 37 ��� 59 ��� S 151 �� 19 ��� 56 ��� E, 24 January 2012, coll. J.J. Beard (QM, SAM, ANIC, USNM; many more in alcohol); 1 female ex. same host, AUSTRALIA: New South Wales, Dee Why, 18 km N of Sydney, Hawkesbury Avenue, 33 �� 45 ���00��� S 151 �� 17 ��� 37 ��� E, 24 January 2012, coll. J.J. Beard (QM); 4 females, 2 males, 2 deutonymphs, 1 protonymph, and 1 larva, ex. same host, AUSTRALIA: Queensland, Beachmere, Bayside Drive, 27 ��05��� 50 ������S, 153 ��05��� 20 ������E, 15 February 2009, coll. O.D. Seeman (QM); 3 females, 1 male, 1 protonymph, and 1 larva ex. same host, AUSTRALIA: Dutton Park State School, 27 �� 29 ��� 38 ������ S 153 ��01��� 43 ������ E, 16 June 2011, coll. O.D. Seeman (QM). Diagnosis. Prodorsal shield with fine longitudinal to oblique folds centrally, with weak reticulate pattern posterolaterally. Opisthosomal shield with fine oblique folds sublaterally; with fine longitudinal folds posterior e 1 - e 1; with stronger transverse folds just anterior d 1 -d 1 and between d 1 -e 1. Lateral cuticle weakly to coarsely papillate. Dorsal cuticle finely punctate. Dorsal setae concave in shape (scoop-shaped). FEMALE (n = 19). Dorsum. (Figs 107 a, 108, 109, 110b, 111 a) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 305���335 [320]; sc 2 -sc 2 105���125 [115]; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 26���36 [32], sc 1 -sc 1 88���100 [89], c 1 -c 1 15���25 [20], c 3 -c 3 130���145 [140], d 1 -d 1 18���24 [21], d 3 -d 3 115���125 [115], e 1 - e 1 19���28 [21], e 3 -e 3 105���120 [107], f 3 -f 3 83���97 [87], h 1 -h 1 21���34 [21], h 2 -h 2 54���67 [54]. Gnathosoma completely concealed beneath anterior margin of prodorsum (Figs 109, 110 a, 111). Cuticle between gnathosoma and prodorsum produced into 1 pair of blunt, broadly triangular membranous lobes (Figs 110, 111) (with median notch formed between lobes); median notch anterior and ventral to setae v 2 (notch internal depth 19���26); lobes can sometimes be retracted beneath anterior margin of prodorsum (Figs 110, 111 a); setae v 2 inserted just ventral to, or on edge of, anterior margin of prodorsum (Figs 107 a, 108, 110 a, 111 a). Prodorsum with 6���8 strong longitudinal to oblique folds running almost entire length of shield centrally; cuticle with many fine folds and finely punctate, with some fine folds and weak reticulation in posterior lateral corner. Opisthosoma finely punctate with 2 transverse to oblique folds across shield, between c 1 - d 1 and d 1 -e 1; cuticle laterad c 1 -c 1 and d 1 -d 1 finely reticulate and folded; cuticle in general with many fine oblique folds and wrinkles, becoming longitudinal posteriorly. Soft cuticle laterad shield strongly colliculate-papillate (sculpturing on Queensland material much weaker than material from type locality). All dorsal setae short, weakly spatulate, barbed; dorsal setae with distinctly concave ventral surface, forming a scoop (Figs 107, 113 b, 119 b); setae d 1 and e 1 much smaller than other dorsal setae. Setal lengths: v 2 16���20 [17], sc 1 14���18 [not measurable], sc 2 15���20 [not measurable], c 1 10���16 [not measurable], c 3 15���20 [16, 18], d 1 6���9 [not measurable], d 3 15���19 [17], e 1 4 ���8 [not measurable], e 3 15 ���18 [18], f 3 15���19 [17], h 1 11���16 [not measurable], h 2 13���19 [16, 17]. Palps. (Figs 107 b, 110 a) Setal formula 0, 0, 2 (1 s+ 1 e); seta-like tarsal eupathidium 5���12 long [not measurable]; solenidion 6���9 long [not measurable]. Venter. (Figs 110 a, 112 a, 113) Cuticle between 1 b - 1 b with transverse striae; 1 b - 1 a with longitudinal striae; 1 a - 3 a with transverse striae; 3 a - 4 a with longitudinal striae; cuticle posterior to 4 a with small area of transverse to mixed striae becoming longitudinal to ag and coarse around genital region; cuticle on anal plates with weak oblique striae. Genital setae inserted in more-or-less transverse row on genital flap, with g 1 slightly posterior to g 2. Anal setae ps 1���3 short, fine, inserted along medial margin of anal plates in more-or-less longitudinal line. Coxal setae fine; setae 1 a, 3 a, 4 a finely tapered. Setal lengths: 1a 35 ��� 62 [56], 1 b 12���22 [19], 2 b 11���24 [21], 2 c 11���21 [21], 3a 31 ��� 61 [31], 3 b 12���21 [15], 4a 21 ��� 59 [42], 4 b 14���20 [16], ag 1 6���15 [15], g 1 12���20 [20], g 2 11���20 [20], ps 1 8���13 [11], ps 2 8���12 [10], ps 3 5���11 [9, 10]. Spermatheca. (Fig. 112 b) Not visible in holotype. Spermathecal tube narrow, coiled, maximum 1 wide, ca. 75���100 long, ending in small rounded vesicle 2 long, 2 wide, subtended by small sac 1 long, 1 wide. Genital opening just anterior to setae ps 3. Legs. (Fig. 114) Setal formula for legs I���IV (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 0-3 - 8 (1), 2 - 0-3 - 0-3 - 8 (1), 1 - 1-2 - 0-2 - 4, 1 - 0-1 - 0-2 - 4. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (ta I 8���11 [8, 9] long, ta II 9���12 [9] long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (6���8 [6] long). Solenidia are of similar size to the male (Fig. 115). One specimen with an aberrant setal count of 3 on 1 ge III. Leg setation as in Table 1 except: cx I without 1 c; tr I���IV without v ��� (l' present on tr III); ge I���IV nude; ti I���IV without v������; ta I���IV without tc������. MALE (n = 2). Dorsum. (Figs 116, 117, 119 a). Paratype measurements in brackets. Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 220���230 [230]; sc 2 -sc 2 80���91 [91]; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 22���25 [25], sc 1 -sc 1 63���72 [72], c 1 -c 1 14���16 [14], c 3 -c 3 95���98 [98], d 1 -d 1 10���11 [10], d 3 -d 3 73���79 [79], e 1 - e 1 14���17 [17], e 3 - e 3 70��� 76 [76], f 3 -f 3 56���63 [63], h 1 -h 1 11���15 [15], h 2 -h 2 34���42 [42]. Gnathosoma completely concealed beneath anterior margin of prodorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum with a deep medial notch forming 1 pair of blunt, broadly triangular lobes as in female, can appear to be retracted beneath anterior margin of prodorsum; setae v 2 inserted just ventral to, or on edge of, anterior margin of prodorsum (Figs 116, 117, 119 a). Prodorsal cuticle with multiple longitudinal to oblique folds running along almost entire length of shield. Opisthosoma with mesonotal and pygidial shields, separated by a band of transversely folded soft cuticle; shields with weak reticulate and folded cuticle. Soft cuticle laterad shield strongly colliculate-papillate (sculpturing on Queensland material much weaker than material from type locality). All dorsal setae short, weakly spatulate, barbed; dorsal setae with distinctly concave ventral surface forming a scoop (Fig. 119 b); setae d 1 and e 1 much smaller than other dorsal setae. Setal lengths: v 2 15���20 [18, 20], sc 1 13���15 [14, 15], sc 2 15���18 [17, 18], c 1 13���14 [13], c 3 14���15 [14, 15], d 1 5���8 [6], d 3 14���15 [15], e 1 5 ���6 [4, 5], e 3 14 ���16 [15, 16], f 3 14���15 [14, 15], h 1 12���14 [12, 13], h 2 11���15 [15]. Palps. Palps similar to female. Solenidion 8���11 [11] long, seta-like eupathidium 7���13 [13] long. Venter. (Figs 118 a, 119 b) Cuticle mostly with fine striae between 1 a - 4 a; broadly separated transverse striae between 4 a -ag; weak, broadly separated transverse striae between ag -g 1���2. Genital setae inserted in more-or-less transverse row. Anal setae ps 2��� 3 fine, inserted in transverse row laterad ps 1; ps 1 modified into thick, straight, spur-like setae (Figs 118 a, 119 b). Coxal, genital and anal setae fine; setae 1 a, 3 a, 4 a finely tapered and difficult to determine total length. Setal lengths: 1a 45 ��� 63 [50, 65], 1 b 14���19 [19], 2 b 11���18 [18], 2 c 13���16 [16], 3a 30 ��� 53 [50, 53], 3 b 8���17 [17], 4a 37 ��� 67 [67], 4 b 10���18 [18], ag 1 9���10 [9, 10], g 1 7���10 [10], g 2 8���13 [12, 13], ps 1 5���13 [13], ps 2 7���11 [7], ps 3 5���8 [7, 8]. Aedeagus. (Fig. 118 b) Narrow, sclerotised, tapering to a point, 41���42 [42] long (bent tip is possibly artefact of slide mounting). Membranous duct runs from inside aedeagus for about 55, reaching partially distinguishable membranous sac, at least 10 wide, 10 long (not visible in paratype). Legs. Setal formula for legs I���IV (coxae to tarsi) same as female: 1 - 0-3 - 0-3 - 8 (1), 2 - 0-3 - 0-3 - 8 (1), 1 - 1-2 - 0-2 - 4, 1 - 0-1 - 0-2 - 4. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (ta I 8���10 [10] long, ta II 8���10 [9, 10] long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (5���7 [7] long). Solenidia similar in size to female (Fig. 115). DEUTONYMPH (n = 4). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 210���245, sc 2 -sc 2 75��� 100; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 17���23, sc 1 -sc 1 68���87, c 1 -c 1 17���21, c 3 -c 3 87���125, d 1 -d 1 16���21, d 3 -d 3 67���99, e 1 - e 1 19���23, e 3 - e 3 61���97, f 3 -f 3 53���82, h 1 -h 1 15���21, h 2 -h 2 41���54. Prodorsal shield with 7���9 longitudinal creases; setae v 2 inserted on anterior margin of prodorsal shield. Opisthosoma with setae c 1 on paired, weak, irregular platelets, d 1 -d 3 on paired, weak, irregular platelets; pygidial shield weak, including setae e 1, f 3, h 1, h 2. Otherwise coarse transverse striae between areas of smooth to wrinkled cuticle. At least 6 small pores present on dorsum, 2 pairs on prodorsal shield mesad sc 2, pair between c 1 -c 3, pair between d 1 -d 3, pair anterolaterad e 1, pair posterior e 1. Setal lengths: v 2 15���21, sc 1 12���18, sc 2 12���17, c 1 9���11, c 3 12���17, d 1 4���7, d 3 15���19, e 1 2 ���6, e 3 14 ���19, f 3 14��� 20, h 1 7���13, h 2 14 ���19. 1 specimen lacks setae c 1, e 1 and h 2 on the right hand side. Palps. Palps similar to adult. Solenidion 3���5 long, seta-like eupathidium 5���8 long. Venter. Cuticle between 1 b- 1 a with longitudinal striae; 1 a to level with leg III with transverse striae; between legs III���IV with longitudinal striae; cuticle posterior to leg IV transverse becoming longitudinal and broader in genital region. Coxal setae fine. Setae ag 1, g 1, ps 1���3 smooth. Setal lengths: 1a 22 ��� 44, 1 b 9���16, 2 b 9���13, 2 c 9���16, 3 a 26���38, 3 b 8���18, 4 a 25���34, 4 b 10���13, ag 1 6���8, g 1 9���14, ps 1 4���6, ps 2 4���6, ps 3 5���7. Legs. Setal formula for legs I���IV same as adult female. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (3���5 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (4���6 long). PROTONYMPH (n = 4). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 185���200, sc 2 -sc 2 69��� 77; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 18���20, sc 1 -sc 1 62���67, c 1 -c 1 15���16, c 3 -c 3 82���89, d 1 -d 1 15���16, d 3 -d 3 66���71, e 1 - e 1 12���15, e 3 - e 3 63���68, f 3 -f 3 50���52, h 1 -h 1 7���14, h 2 -h 2 27���33. Dorsum similar to deutonymph. Prodorsal shield with 6���7 longitudinal creases; setae v 2 inserted just ventral to anterior margin of prodorsal shield. Opisthosomal shields similar to deutonymph except pygidial shield excludes f 3. At least 5 small pores present on dorsum, pair on prodorsal shield mesad sc 2, pair between c 1 -c 3, pair between d 1 -d 3, pair anterolaterad e 1, pair posterior e 1. Setal lengths: v 2 14���20, sc 1 11���14, sc 2 14���16, c 1 6���8, c 3 13���15, d 1 4���5, d 3 13���15, e 1 3 ���5, e 3 13 ���16, f 3 13���16, h 1 5��� 10, h 2 13���16. Palps. Palps similar to adult. Solenidion 3 long, seta-like eupathidium 5���7 long. Venter. Cuticle and setae similar to deutonymph. Setal lengths: 1a 25 ��� 32, 1 b 10���16, 2 b 10���12, 3 a 22���31, 3 b 8���12, ag 1 3���6, ps 1 3���5, ps 2 3���5, ps 3 3���5. Legs. Setal formula for legs I���IV (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 0-3 - 8 (1), 1 - 0-3 - 0-3 - 8 (1), 1 - 1-2 - 0-2 - 4, 0- 0- 1 - 0-2 - 3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (3���4 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (4���5 long). Leg setation as in deutonymph, except: setae 2 c, 4 b absent; tarsi IV without seta tc ���. Setae l' added to tr III. LARVA (n = 8). Dorsum. (Fig. 120 a) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 120���180 [paratype: 165], sc 2 -sc 2 57���69 [63]; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 16���22 [19], sc 1 -sc 1 51���61 [54], c 1 -c 1 13���17 [17], c 3 -c 3 71��� 95 [83], d 1 -d 1 15���18 [15], d 3 -d 3 50���69 [61], e 1 - e 1 9���13 [11], e 3 - e 3 36���60 [50], f 3 -f 3 27���41 [38], h 1 -h 1 4���7 [4], h 2 -h 2 14���18 [17]. Anterior margin of prodorsum smoothly rounded without medial notch. Prodorsal shield smooth, weak with few oblique folds; opisthosomal dorsum with a few transverse folds and striations between c 1 - e 1. Lateral cuticle mesad c 3 with oblique folds and striations. At least 5 pairs of pores present on dorsum, pair mesad sc 2, pair between c 1 -c 3 and d 1 -d 3, 2 pairs laterad e 1. Setae h 1, h 2 inserted posteroventrally. Setal lengths: v 2 13���23 [19], sc 1 10���14 [12, 13], sc 2 11���16 [13], c 1 4���7 [5, 6], c 3 9���15 [12], d 1 3���5 [4, 5], d 3 11���18 [16, 18], e 1 2 ���4 [4], e 3 11 ���17 [15], f 3 12���18 [16], h 1 4���7 [6, 7], h 2 12���19 [17, 19]. Palps. (Fig. 120 b) Palps 3 -segmented; setalike tarsal eupathidium 3���8 [7, 8] long; solenidion 2���3 [3] long. Venter. Ventral cuticle finely striate, similar to deutonymph. Pseudanal setae ps 1���3 on smooth cuticle. Coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 15 ��� 36 [36], 1 b 10���18 [12], 3a 19 ��� 35 [24], ps 1 2���4 [4], ps 2 2���4 [4], ps 3 2���4 [4]. Legs. Setal formula for legs I���III (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 0-3 - 7 (1), 0- 0-3 - 0-3 - 7 (1), 0- 0-2 - 0-2 - 3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (ta I 2���4 [3, 4], ta II 2���3 [2, 3]) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (3���5 [5] long). Leg setation as in protonymph, except: setae 2 b, 3 b absent; tr III without l ���; ta I���III without seta tc ���. Remarks. Individual mites are found wedged within the natural grooves present on the stems and branchlets of the host plant (Fig. 122), where they feed and moult. Eggs are also laid within these grooves, lined up in a row (Fig. 121). The eggs have a short stipe and thick sculptured outer coating (Fig. 121 b). Although Womersley (1940) stated the sex as ���probably female���, the original description and illustrations of T. conicus were unquestionably based on a male. Womersley stated that there were four specimens; however, to date only three specimens have been located (on two slides, in poor condition). Even though Womersley technically never designated a holotype, the female slide is marked with the traditional red indicative of a holotype specimen, and the male slide (with larva) is marked with the traditional blue of a paratype. There is no indication of when this was done, or by whom. The female was described much later by Smiley et al. (1996) from what they stated was the holotype. The ���type��� slides are now supplemented by new material collected on the type host plant from both the type locality and an additional locality further north along the eastern Australian coastline. Both the original description (Womersley 1940) and re-description (Smiley et al. 1996) were lacking several key details, due to the poor preservation of the type specimens. However, after close examination of the types, we were able to discern certain key characters, e.g. setae e 1 and three pairs of pseudanal (ps) setae, in addition to details of the leg setation. We also note, with the help of the new material, that the palp is three-segmented, not two-segmented as originally described. The Queensland specimens have some minor differences to the specimens from the type locality: the dorsal sculpturing is weaker, there are fewer lateral papillae (ca. 25 vs 50) and most ventral, genital and anal setae are shorter. There is a chance that they may represent another species, but because they came from the same host plant, and without an assessment of variation from several populations or genomic analysis, we tentatively consider them the same species. The use of low temperature scanning electron microscopy (LT-SEM) revealed that the specimens from both localities have very similar pattern of ���micropla, Published as part of Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D. & Bauchan, Gary R., 2014, Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales), pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 3778 (1) on pages 128-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/251337, {"references":["Womersley, H. (1940) Studies in Australian Acarina Tetranychidae and Trichadenidae. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 64, 233 - 265.","Welbourn, W. C., Ochoa, R., Kane, E. C. & Erbe, E. F. (2003) Morphological observations on Brevipalpus phoenicis (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) including comparisons with B. californicus and B. obovatus. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 30, 107 - 133. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1023 / b: appa. 0000006545.40017. a 0"]}

Philippipalpus Corpuz-Raros, 1978 Type species. Philippipalpus agohoi Corpuz-Raros, 1978, by original designation. Diagnosis. All life stages: dorsal opisthosoma with 10 pairs of lanceolate to weakly palmate setae; c 2, d 2 and f 2 absent; setae e 2 in marginal position, aligned with c 3, d 3, e 3, and f 3; setae h 2 similar in size and form to other dorsal setae; palps 5 -segmented, palp setal formula 0, 0, 0, 2, 3 (1); immature stages with anterior margin of prodorsum smoothly rounded, without projections/notches; ventral plate absent; 3 pairs of pseudanal setae (ps 1���3) on weakly developed membranous anal plates. Adult female: gnathosoma usually completely concealed by prodorsum; anterior margin of prodorsum with deep medial notch, forming 1 pair of broad fleshy lobes each bearing setae v 2 (usually inserted beneath a fold); genital plate weakly developed, membranous; metapodal plates not developed; coxae I without 1 c; trochanters I���IV 0- 0-1 -0 (v ��� absent on tr I���IV; l ��� present on tr III); femora I���IV 3 - 3 - 2 - 1; genua 1 - 1 -0-0 (d present on ge I���II); tibiae 4 - 4 - 2 - 2 (seta d absent ti III���IV); tarsi I���IV without tc������. Solenidia of male similar in thickness and length to those of female. Remarks. Smiley et al. (1996) and Mesa et al. (2009) described the genus with setae d 2 present and e 2 absent; however we feel that d 2 is in fact absent and e 2 is present on the margin, as in most of the related tegopalpine genera (Beard et al. 2013). Species of Philippipalpus are morphologically similar to species in the genera Tegopalpus and Chaudhripalpus, as all three genera have dorsal setae c 2 absent and three pairs of ps setae present (ps 1���3). Philippipalpus can be separated from both these genera by the presence of dorsal setae e 2 (absent in both Tegopalpus and Chaudhripalpus). Species of Philippipalpus are separated here using subtle differences in ornamentation, striation and measurements, unlike the other genera of Tegopalpinae. We feel that because each new species of Philippipalpus presented here occupies a single host species, and no other species of flat mite in this subfamily inhabits more than one species of she-oak, it is evidence to support their separation at the species level. Nevertheless, we acknowledge further collecting from a greater geographical range is warranted to test the validity of these species. Philippipalpus is unusual in lacking both setae v ��� on all trochanters (l ��� present on tr III) and d on tibiae III���IV., Published as part of Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D. & Bauchan, Gary R., 2014, Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales), pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 3778 (1) on pages 111-112, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/251337, {"references":["Corpuz-Raros, L. A. (1978) New Philippine Tetranychoidea (Acarina). Kalikasan, Philippines Journal of Biology, 7 (3), 211 - 230.","Mesa, N. C., Ochoa, R., Welbourn, W. C., Evans, G. A. & Moraes, G. J. de (2009) A catalog of the Tenuipalpidae (Acari) of the world with a key to genera. Zootaxa, 2098, 1 - 185.","Beard, J. J., Ochoa, R., Bauchan, G. R., Trice, M. D., Redford, A. J., Walters, T. W. & Mitter, C. (2013) Flat Mites of the World. Edition 2. Identification Technology Program, CPHST, PPQ, APHIS, USDA Fort Collins, Colorado. Available from: www. idtools. org / id / mites / flatmites / index. php (accessed 1 June 2013)"]}

Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D., Bauchan, Gary R. (2014): Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales). Zootaxa 3778 (1): 1-157, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1

Magdalenapalpus forsteri Seeman and Beard sp. nov. (Figs 48���53) Type material examined. Holotype female ex. needles of Forest Oak Allocasuarina torulosa (Casuarinaceae), AUSTRALIA: SSW Mundubbera, base of Mt Lorna, ���Toondahra���, 25 �� 59 ��� 15 ������ S 151 �� 21 ��� 26 ������ E, 12 May 2007, coll. J.J. Beard and P.I. Forster (QM). Paratypes. 10 females, 1 male, 1 pharate male, 3 deutonymphs, 7 larvae (QM, ANIC, USNM). Diagnosis. Dorsal opisthosomal setae f 2 absent. Dorsal setae narrowly lanceolate, barbed. Prodorsum with irregular polygonal and folded sculpturing; opisthosomal shield with irregular folds; lateral cuticle weakly papillate. Dorsal opisthosomal setae d 1 -d 1 11���16, e 1 - e 1 9���13 apart. Posterior opisthosomal venter with fine barbed setae. FEMALE (n = 11). Dorsum. (Fig. 48 a) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 310���325 [325]; sc 2 - sc 2 105���115 [115]; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 23���32 [32], sc 1 -sc 1 81���89 [89], c 1 -c 1 27���31 [28], c 2 -c 2 85���92 [92], c 3 -c 3 140���160 [160], d 1 -d 1 11���16 [11], d 2 -d 2 97���105 [105], d 3 -d 3 120���125 [125], e 1 - e 1 9���13 [11], e 2 -e 2 105���115 [115], e 3 - e 3 91���98 [96], f 3 -f 3 72���81 [78], h 1 -h 1 24���30 [27], h 2 -h 2 50���58 [53]. Gnathosoma almost completely concealed beneath prodorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum with medial notch (internal depth 21���26) forming 1 pair of broad lobes each bearing v 2. Prodorsal shield with wrinkled ridge-like sculpturing, forming irregular polygons posteromedially. Opisthosomal shield with sparse irregular rugose sculpturing. Lateral cuticle surrounding shields papillate. All dorsal setae barbed, lanceolate. Setal lengths: v 2 13���19 [13], sc 1 15���19 [16], sc 2 18���22 [22], c 1 19���22 [28], c 2 17���20 [20], c 3 16���19 [17], d 1 13���17 [13], d 2 17���22 [19], d 3 15���21 [20], e 1 12 ���16 [12], e 2 17 ���21 [19], e 3 18 ���21 [21], f 3 19���23 [21], h 1 15���20 [20], h 2 15���21 [16]. Palps. (Fig. 48 b) Setal formula 0, 0, 0, 2, 3 (1 s+ 2 e). Tibial setae, dorsal 7���9 [7] long, ventral 10���11 [10] long; tarsal eupathidia 7���8 [7���8] long, 7���9 [8, 9] long; solenidion 7���8 [7, 8] long. Venter. (Fig. 49 a) Cuticle with transverse striae, becoming longitudinal midway between 4 a and ag, extending to genital area; fine striae become coarse lateral to genital area. Setae g 1 inserted in more-or-less transverse line with g 2, g 2 slightly anterior to g 1. Genital shield smooth, poorly defined; anal setae ps 1���3 inserted in longitudinal row on anal plates. Coxal setae fine; setae ps 1���2, ps 3, g 1 -g 2, ag weakly barbed. Setal lengths: 1a 62 ��� 74 [74], 1 b 21���26 [21], 2 b 16���21 [18], 2 c 20���27 [24], 3a 44 ��� 72 [72], 3 b 18���21 [18], 4a 46 ��� 63 [46], 4 b 15���40 [15], ag 1 14���20 [15], g 1 23���26 [24], g 2 21���25 [23], ps 1 16���18 [17], ps 2 16���19 [18], ps 3 10���14 [11]. Spermatheca. (Fig. 49 b) Spermathecal tube ca. 1 wide, ca. 80 long, terminating in elongate membranous vesicle 6���8 long, 2���3 wide. Genital opening between setae ps 2���3. Legs. (Fig. 50) Setal formula for legs I���IV (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 1-4 - 8 (1), 2 - 0-3 - 1-4 - 8 (1), 1 - 1-2 - 0-3 - 4, 1 - 0-1 - 0-3 - 4. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (ta I 10���12 [12] long, ta II 9���12 [12] long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (7���8 [7] long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except: cx I without 1 c; v ��� absent on tr I���IV, l' present on tr III; ge I���II with only d present (l ��� and l������ absent), ge III���IV nude; ta I���IV without tc������. MALE (1 paratype). Dorsum. (Fig. 51) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 220, sc 2 -sc 2 88; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 23, sc 1 -sc 1 68, c 1 -c 1 23, c 2 -c 2 73, c 3 -c 3 107, d 1 -d 1 11, d 2 -d 2 74, d 3 -d 3 86, e 1 - e 1 12, e 2 - e 2 74, e 3 - e 3 64, f 3 -f 3 52, h 1 -h 1 12, h 2 -h 2 33. Gnathosoma partially concealed beneath prodorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum with median notch (internal depth 20���26). Prodorsal shield lightly punctate, with few striations. Opisthosoma with mesonotal shield bearing c 1, c 2, d 1 and d 2, with few striations; and pygidial shield bearing e 1, e 3, f 3, h 1, h 2, with few striations; shields separated by transverse striae; papillate cuticle laterad prodorsal shield. Setal lengths: v 2 17, sc 1 14, sc 2 17, c 1 12, c 2 15, c 3 16, d 1 10, d 2 16, d 3 16, e 1 8, e 2 17, e 3 16, f 3 16, h 1 13, h 2 16. Palps. (Fig. 51) Palps similar to female, except solenidia greatly swollen. Tibial setae, dorsal 8 long, ventral 10 long; tarsal eupathidia 10, 11 long; solenidion 11 long. Venter. (Fig. 52) All striae transverse, becoming coarse posteriorly and weak around setae ag 1. Coxal setae fine. Setae ag 1, g 1, g 2 thin, barbed; ps 2, ps 3 thin, smooth; setae ps 1 modified to form thick blades (sexually dimorphic). Setal lengths: 1a 52, 1 b 20, 2 b 17, 2 c 17, 3a 62, 3 b 13, 4a 42, 4 b 17, ag 1 11, g 1 11, g 2 13, ps 1 13, ps 2 11, ps 3 10. Aedeagus. (Fig. 52) Narrow, sclerotised, tapering to a point, 56 long. Membranous duct runs from inside aedeagus, becoming indistinguishable. Legs. (Fig. 51) Setal formula same as female. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (ta I 12 long, ta II 11 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (ta I 8, 7 long; ta II 7, 7 long). Solenidia much thicker and longer than in female. DEUTONYMPH (3 paratypes). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 255���275, sc 2 -sc 2 85���97; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 21���24, sc 1 -sc 1 70���78, c 1 -c 1 19���28, c 2 -c 2 70���79, c 3 -c 3 120���130, d 1 -d 1 13���17, d 2 -d 2 69���78, d 3 -d 3 95���103, e 1 - e 1 10���13, e 2 - e 2 88���94, e 3 - e 3 77���84, f 3 -f 3 61���64, h 1 -h 1 15���17, h 2 -h 2 20���22. Gnathosoma not concealed by prodorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum with rounded protrusion lacking medial notch. Prodorsal shield smooth, delineated by striae. Opisthosomal shield with c 1 -c 2 and d 1 -d 2 on patches of smooth cuticle, and smooth pygidial shield; all shields surrounded by coarse irregularly transverse to oblique striae. All dorsal setae lanceolate. Setal lengths: v 2 23���26, sc 1 16���17, sc 2 19���26, c 1 19���22, c 2 21���22, c 3 19���22, d 1 12��� 16, d 2 16���21, d 3 19���23, e 1 11 ���13, e 2 20 ���22, e 3 20 ���23, f 3 19���23, h 1 15���17, h 2 20���22. Palps. Palps similar to adult. Tibial setae, dorsal 6 long, ventral 8 long; tarsal eupathidia 6���7, 5 ��� 6 long; solenidion 5 long. Venter. Cuticle with transverse striae to midway between 4 a and ag, becoming longitudinal, striae coarse around anal region. Anal setae ps 1���3 on weakly defined anal plates. Most ventral setae fine, smooth, except ps 1 barbed, ps 2 lightly barbed. Setal lengths: 1a 38 ��� 51, 1 b 14���18, 2 b 12���14, 2 c 21���22, 3 a 36���44, 3 b 13���15, 4 a 33���38, 4 b 12, ag 1 10���13, g 1 13��� 17, ps 1 9���11, ps 2 10���12, ps 3 6���8. Legs. Setal formula for legs I���IV same as adult. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (ta I 6���7 long, ta II 6 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (ta I 6 long; ta II 5���6 long). PROTONYMPH. Unknown. LARVA (4 paratypes). Dorsum. (Fig. 53) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 145���165, sc 2 -sc 2 64���69; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 17���22, sc 1 -sc 1 53���60, c 1 -c 1 15���16, c 2 -c 2 51���57, c 3 -c 3 86���93, d 1 -d 1 8���10, d 2 - d 2 42���50, d 3 -d 3 57���67, e 1 - e 1 5���7, e 2 - e 2 52���58, e 3 - e 3 45���46, f 3 -f 3 33���37, h 1 -h 1 7���8, h 2 -h 2 16���23. Gnathosoma not concealed by prodorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum without medial notch. Prodorsal shield smooth, delineated by striae. Pygidial shield or platelets not apparent; cuticle with irregular transverse lines on soft cuticle. Dorsal setae barbed, thin to narrowly lanceolate. Setal lengths: v 2 16���23, sc 1 10���12, sc 2 15���17, c 1 9���14, c 2 11���13, c 3 13���14, d 1 6���9, d 2 11���17, d 3 13���15, e 1 6 ���7, e 2 12 ���14, e 3 12 ���14, f 3 14���17, h 1 9���10, h 2 14���16. Palps. (Fig. 53) Palps similar to adult. Tibial setae, dorsal 7���8 long, ventral 5 long; tarsal eupathidia 5, 4 long; solenidion 4 long. Venter. Striation similar to deutonymph. Anal setae ps 1���3 on weakly defined anal plates. Coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 24 ��� 36, 1 b 10���13, 3 a 22���26, ps 1 4���5, ps 2 4, ps 3 3���4. Legs. (Fig. 53) Setal formula for legs I���III (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 0-4 - 7 (1), 0- 0-3 - 0-4 - 7 (1), 0- 0-2 - 0-3 - 3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (ta I 4 long, ta II 3���4 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (5 long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except genua I���III nude. Etymology. It is with great pleasure that we name this species in honour of Queensland botanist, Paul Forster, for the numerous identifications and host plant collections he has made for us over the years. Remarks. Our two new species of Magdalenapalpus have identical body and leg setation but are distinguished by the form of the dorsal setae and distance between d 1 -d 1 and e 1 -e 1. These new species were also collected from two different genera of host plant, Allocasuarina and Casuarina. Magdalenapalpus forsteri is similar to M. caperatus but can be separated by the shape of the dorsal setae which are narrowly lanceolate in M. forsteri (broadly lanceolate in M. caperatus), the distance between setae d 1 -d 1 11���16 (in 26��� 30 M. caperatus) and between setae e 1 - e 1 9���13 (in 23��� 25 M. caperatus)., Published as part of Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D. & Bauchan, Gary R., 2014, Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales), pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 3778 (1) on pages 62-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/251337

Pentamerismus McGregor, 1949 Type species. Tenuipalpus erythreus Ewing, 1917: 152, by original designation. Diagnosis. All life stages: dorsal opisthosoma with 12���13 pairs of setae; c 2, d 2, and e 2 present; seta f 2 present or absent; setae e 2 and f 2 (when present) inserted in marginal position, aligned with c 3, d 3, e 3 and f 3; setae h 2 similar in size and form to other dorsal setae; palps 5 -segmented, palp setal formula variable 0-0/ 1 - 0-1 / 2-3 (1); immature stages with anterior margin of prodorsum smoothly rounded, without projections/notches; gnathosoma not concealed by prodorsum; ventral plate absent; three pairs of pseudanal setae (ps 1-3) on weakly to well developed anal plates. Adult female: anterior margin of prodorsal shield with a median notch forming 1 pair of lobes anterior to setae v 2, or smoothly rounded; gnathosoma completely exposed, not concealed by anterior margin of prodorsum; genital plate weakly to well developed, membranous; metapodal plates usually present; coxae I with 1 c present or absent. Solenidia of male of similar thickness and length to those of female. Remarks. Pentamerismus is almost identical to Aegyptobia, except that setae e 2 and f 2 (when present) are inserted in a marginal position, aligned with setae c 3, d 3, e 3 and f 3, instead of the more usual sublateral position aligned with c 2 and d 2., Published as part of Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D. & Bauchan, Gary R., 2014, Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales), pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 3778 (1) on page 89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/251337, {"references":["McGregor, E. A. (1949) Nearctic mites of the family Pseudoleptidae. Memoir of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 3, 1 - 45.","Ewing, H. E. (1917) New Acarina part II. Descriptions of new species and varieties from Iowa, Missouri, Illinois, Indiana and Ohio. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 37, 149 - 172."]}

Magdalenapalpus Mesa, Welbourn and Evans, 2009 Type species. Meyeraepalpus strandtmanni Smiley, Frost and Gerson, 1996, by original designation. Diagnosis. All life stages: dorsal opisthosoma with 12 or 13 pairs of lanceolate setae; c 2, d 2, and e 2 present; seta f 2 present or absent; setae e 2 inserted in more-or-less marginal position; setae h 2 similar in size and form to other dorsal setae; palps 5 -segmented, setal formula 0,0,0,2,3(1); immature stages with anterior margin of prodorsum smoothly rounded, without projections/notches, gnathosoma not concealed; ventral plate absent; 3 pairs of pseudanal setae (ps 1���3) on weakly developed anal plates. Adult female: anterior margin of prodorsum deeply incised, forming 1 pair of broad fleshy lobes, each lobe bearing setae v 2 (also in male); gnathosoma partially concealed by anterior margin of prodorsum (also in male); genital plate weakly developed, membranous; metapodal plates not developed; coxae I without setae 1 c; trochanters I���IV 0- 0-1 -0 (v ��� absent on tr I���IV; l ��� present on tr III); femora I���IV 3 - 3 - 2 - 1; genua 1 - 1 -0-0 (d present on ge I���II); tibiae 4 - 4 - 3 - 3; tarsi I���IV 8 (1)- 8 (1)- 4 - 4 (without tc������). Solenidia of male much thicker and longer than in female. Species. Three species: M. strandtmanni, M. caperatus, M. forsteri. Hosts and distribution. Casuarinaceae, Australia. Remarks. The new species described herein differ from the type species by lacking seta f 2. Although this is an important difference, these species share the same leg setation, a deeply incised prodorsum with setae v 2 inserted on the resultant lobes, and a partially concealed gnathosoma., Published as part of Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D. & Bauchan, Gary R., 2014, Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales), pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 3778 (1) on page 51, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/251337, {"references":["Mesa, N. C., Ochoa, R., Welbourn, W. C., Evans, G. A. & Moraes, G. J. de (2009) A catalog of the Tenuipalpidae (Acari) of the world with a key to genera. Zootaxa, 2098, 1 - 185.","Smiley, R. L., Frost, W. E. & Gerson, U. (1996) A revision of the subfamily Tegopalpinae, with the description of two new genera and five new species (Acari: Tenuipalpidae). International Journal of Acarology, 22 (3), 167 - 180. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 01647959608684092"]}

Crossipalpus Smiley, Frost and Gerson, 1996 Type species. Crossipalpus verticillatae Smiley, Frost and Gerson, 1996, by original designation. Diagnosis. All life stages: dorsal opisthosoma with 12 pairs of thinly to broadly lanceolate setae; c 2, d 2, and e 2 present; setae f 2 absent; setae e 2 close to marginal position; setae h 2 similar in size and form to other dorsal setae; palps 5 -segmented, setal formula 0, 0, 0, 1, 3 (1); anterior margin of prodorsum smoothly rounded, without projections/notches; ventral plate absent; 2 pairs of pseudanal setae (ps 1���2) on weakly developed anal plates. Adult female: anterior margin of prodorsum without projections, smoothly rounded, completely concealing the gnathosoma; genital plate membranous, weakly developed; metapodal plates not developed; coxae I without 1 c; trochanters I���IV 1 - 1 -2- 1; femora I���IV 3 - 3 - 2 - 1; genua I���IV 1 - 1 -0-0 (ge I���II with either l������ or d present); tibiae I���IV 4 - 4 - 3 - 3; tarsi I���IV with or without tc������. Setae v ��� added to tr IV in adult; v ��� added to tr I���III in deutonymph; l ��� added in protonymph. Solenidia of male much thicker and longer than those of female. Species. Four species: Cr. gersoni, Cr. muellerianae, Cr. raveni, Cr. verticillatae. Hosts and distribution. Casuarinaceae, Australia. Remarks. All known Crossipalpus species have the setal formula for genua I���IV 1 - 1 -0-0. In Cr. muellerianae and Cr. verticillatae, the seta present on ge I���II is l������, but in the two new species, Cr. gersoni and Cr. raveni, the seta is d. This difference is an example of how setal counts alone can conceal useful information that only chaetotaxy can present., Published as part of Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D. & Bauchan, Gary R., 2014, Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales), pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 3778 (1) on page 22, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/251337, {"references":["Smiley, R. L., Frost, W. E. & Gerson, U. (1996) A revision of the subfamily Tegopalpinae, with the description of two new genera and five new species (Acari: Tenuipalpidae). International Journal of Acarology, 22 (3), 167 - 180. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 01647959608684092"]}

Pentamerismus sititoris Beard and Seeman sp. nov. (Figs 75���81) Type material examined. Holotype female ex. Belah Casuarina cristata (Casuarinaceae), AUSTRALIA: New South Wales, Newell Highway, approx. 15 km N Moree, 86 km S Goondiwindi, 29 �� 21 ��� 20 ��� S 150 ��00��� 24 ��� E, 21 August 2007, coll. J.J. Beard and P.I. Forster (QM). Paratypes. 8 females, 1 male, 2 deutonymphs, 2 protonymphs, larva, same data as holotype (QM, ANIC). Non-type material examined. 5 females, 1 male, 2 deutonymphs, 2 protonymphs, 2 larvae, same data as holotype; 12 females, 10 males, 1 protonymph, 1 larva ex. Casuarina cristata (Casuarinaceae) under scales at tip of needles, AUSTRALIA: New South Wales, nr Lightning Ridge, Castlereagh Highway, 45 km S Hebel, 28 �� 44 ��� 43 ������S, 148 ��09��� 12 ������E, 0 6 May 2007, coll. J.J. Beard and P.I. Forster; AUSTRALIA: 1 female, 1 male, same data except Castlereagh Highway, 6.5 km N Lightning Ridge, 29 �� 25 ��� 10 ������S, 147 �� 53 ��� 21 ������E (QM, USNM)). Diagnosis. Dorsal opisthosomal setae f 2 present. Palp setal formula 0-0- 0-2 - 3 (1), with palp tibial setae l ���PTi and l������PTi both present. Anterior margin of prodorsal shield with short notch. Dorsal shields with finely reticulate mosaic sculpturing; dorsal setae broadly lanceolate to palmate; lateral margins of opisthosoma coarsely papillate. Posterior ventral setae ag palmate, barbed; setae g 1���2 broadly lanceolate, barbed; setae ps 1���2 lanceolate, barbed; setae ps 3 fine, smooth. Seta 1 c absent. Setae d on femora and genua I���II palmate to broadly lanceolate, barbed; seta ev ��� on femora III broadly lanceolate, barbed; setae v ���, v������ on tibiae III with broad bases, barbed. FEMALE (n = 28). Dorsum. (Fig. 75) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 225���255 [250], sc 2 - sc 2 110���120 [120]; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 41 ���46 [43], sc 1 -sc 1 83���88 [84], c 1 -c 1 54���63 [63], c 2 -c 2 125���135 [135], c 3 -c 3 170���180 [175], d 1 -d 1 34���40 [40], d 2 -d 2 105���115 [115], d 3 -d 3 150���155 [155], e 1 - e 1 32���39 [39], e 2 - e 2 135���145 [145], e 3 -e 3 120���140 [130], f 2 -f 2 110���115 [115], f 3 -f 3 89���100 [95], h 1 -h 1 27���32 [30], h 2 -h 2 60���68 [68]. Anterior margin of prodorsal shield with 1 pair of small lobes forming short medial notch (internal depth 7��� 11). Dorsal shields with finely reticulate mosaic sculpturing. Lateral cuticle surrounding shields smooth anteriorly, becoming coarsely papillate posteriorly. All dorsal setae barbed; v 2, sc 1, sc 2, c 1���3 lanceolate with broadly rounded tips; all other setae broad, rounded. Setal lengths: v 2 23���24 [23], sc 1 23���26 [26], sc 2 25���30 [30], c 1 24���28 [25], c 2 24���28 [28], c 3 21���24 [24], d 1 17���20 [17], d 2 19���26 [20], d 3 19���23 [23], e 1 17 ���22 [19], e 2 17 ���20 [20], e 3 17 ���20 [19], f 2 17���20 [19], f 3 17���21 [17], h 1 17���20 [17], h 2 16���19 [19]. Palps. (Fig. 75) Setal formula 0, 0, 0, 2, 3 (1 s+ 2 e). Tibial setae, dorsal 7���8 [7] long, ventral 4���5 [4] long; tarsal eupathidia 4 [4], 4���6 [6] long; solenidion 6 [6] long. Venter. (Fig. 76 a) Cuticle with transverse striae, abruptly becoming longitudinal posterior to cx IV, extending to genital area; fine striae become coarse lateral to genital area. Circular thickening present in metapodal region, ca. 20���24 diameter, rugose-papillate. Setae g 1 inserted in more-or-less transverse line with g 2, g 2 slightly anterior to g 1. Genital shield lightly punctate with transverse reticulation posteriorly, margins irregular, ca. 25���35 [25] long, 36���42 [42] wide; anal setae ps 1���3 inserted in longitudinal row on anal plates. Coxal setae fine, except 2 c lanceolate; setae ag 1 palmate, barbed; g 1���2, ps 1���2 thick, broadly lanceolate, barbed; ps 3 fine, smooth. Setal lengths: 1a 40 ��� 51 [40], 1 b 24���32 [24], 2 b 22���28 [24], 2 c 14���16 [14], 3a 35 ��� 41 [35], 3 b 13���19 [13], 4a 32 ��� 35 [32], 4 b 12���18 [12], ag 1 13���15 [13], g 1 17���18 [17], g 2 16���18 [18], ps 1 12���17 [13], ps 2 12���15 [12], ps 3 7���10 [10]. Spermatheca. (Fig. 76 b) Spermathecal tube long, narrow, convoluted, 1 ��m wide, ca. 120 long, terminating in membranous sac. Spermatheca vesicle not visible. Genital opening between anal valves and posterior margin of genital shield. Legs. (Figs 75, 77 a) Setal formula for legs I���IV (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 1-3 - 3-4 - 9 (1), 2 - 1-3 - 3-4 - 9 (1), 1-2 - 2 - 1-3 - 5, 1 - 1 - 1 - 0-3 - 5. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (ta I 11 [11] long, ta II 10���11 [10] long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (ta I 6���7 [6], 7 [7] long; ta II 6���7 [6], 6 [6] long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except: coxae I without 1 c. Setae v' added to tr IV. MALE (n = 13). Dorsum. (Fig. 78) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 195���210, sc 2 -sc 2 90��� 105; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 32 ���35, sc 1 -sc 1 66���79, c 1 -c 1 40���55, c 2 -c 2 96���120, c 3 -c 3 135���155, d 1 -d 1 24���37, d 2 -d 2 80���106, d 3 -d 3 110���140, e 1 - e 1 34���42, e 2 -e 2 105���130, e 3 - e 3 97���120, f 2 -f 2 87���105, f 3 -f 3 71���90, h 1 -h 1 25��� 27, h 2 -h 2 54���63. Anterior margin of prodorsum with small lobes forming a short median notch (internal depth 7). Prodorsal, mesonotal and pygidial shields with sculpture and dorsal setae similar to female. Setal lengths: v 2 18��� 21, sc 1 18���22, sc 2 19���22, c 1 18���20, c 2 19���21, c 3 20���22, d 1 12���13, d 2 16���20, d 3 16���17, e 1 13 ���15, e 2 16 ���18, e 3 16 ���20, f 2 15���16, f 3 14���18, h 1 15���16, h 2 14���16. Palps. (Fig. 78) Palps similar to female. Tibial setae, dorsal 6 long, ventral 5 long; tarsal eupathidia 4���5, 4 ��� 6 long; solenidion 5���6 long. Venter. (Fig. 79) Striation similar to female. Posterior opisthosoma with 2 irregular, poorly defined, striated subcircular plates, ca. 25���30 x 30 ���45 diameter; g 1��� 2, ps 1���3 on weakly sclerotised anal valves. Coxal setae fine, except 2 c lanceolate. Seta ag 1 broadly rounded, barbed; g 1 lanceolate, barbed; ps 1 spine-like, thickened. Setal lengths: 1a 45 ��� 65, 1 b 20���23, 2 b 17���19, 2 c 10���13, 3 a 40���42, 3 b 9���12, 4 a 25���27, 4 b 8���12, ag 1 12, g 1 12���13, g 2 6���7, ps 1 13���15, ps 2 6���7, ps 3 7. Aedeagus. (Fig. 79) Narrow, sclerotised, tapering to a point, 63���74 long. Membranous duct runs from inside aedeagus, becoming obscure after 20���55 ��m. Legs. (Fig. 78) Setal formula same as female. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (ta I 13 long, ta II 12 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (6 long, 5���6 long). Solenidia slightly thicker and longer than in female. DEUTONYMPH (n = 3). Dorsum. (Fig. 80) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 215���235, sc 2 - sc 2 105���115; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 34 ���39, sc 1 -sc 1 84���89, c 1 -c 1 34���43, c 2 -c 2 110���120, c 3 -c 3 155, d 1 -d 1 38���39, d 2 -d 2 105���115, d 3 -d 3 145���155, e 1 - e 1 32���34, e 2 -e 2 138���143, e 3 -e 3 125���130, f 2 -f 2 110���115, f 3 -f 3 83���90, h 1 -h 1 31���32, h 2 -h 2 53���60. Anterior margin of prodorsum without medial lobes or notch. Prodorsal shield poorly defined, with oblique-longitudinal striations. Opisthosomal shield absent; transverse striae between setal row C and row D; posterior to setal row D striations become oblique laterally, tending to mosaic-like medially. Lateral setae more elongate than those of adult, slightly concave. Setal lengths: v 2 15���18, sc 1 15���18, sc 2 18���21, c 1 11���17, c 2 18���20, c 3 26���27, d 1 15, d 2 24���26, d 3 26���27, e 1 18 ���20, e 2 23 ���26, e 3 23 ���26, f 2 20���24, f 3 22���26, h 1 19���23, h 2 22��� 25. Palps. (Fig. 80) Palps similar to adult. Tibial setae, dorsal 6 long, 4 long; tarsal eupathidia 3, 4 long; solenidion 4 long. Venter. Cuticle with transverse striae, becoming coarse behind cx IV; anal setae ps 1���3 on weakly defined anal plates. Coxal setae fine, except 2 c barbed; setae ag 1 thick, barbed. Setal lengths: 1a 27 ��� 45, 1 b 12���15, 2 b 11��� 16, 2 c 9���11, 3 a 33, 3 b 6���9, 4 a 17���24, 4 b 6���8, ag 1 8���10, g 1 11, ps 1 3, ps 2 4���5, ps 3 4���5. Legs. (Figs 77 b, 80) Setal formula for legs I���IV (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 1-3 - 3-4 - 9 (1), 2 - 1-3 - 3-4 - 9 (1), 1-2 - 2 - 1-3 - 5, 1 - 0-1 - 0-3 - 5. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (ta I 6���7 long, ta II 5���6 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (3���4, 4 long). Leg setation as in adult except: tr IV without seta v ���. Setae v' added to tr I���III. PROTONYMPH (n = 6). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 165���195, sc 2 -sc 2 78��� 90; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 26���31, sc 1 -sc 1 65���69, c 1 -c 1 28���32, c 2 -c 2 89���98, c 3 -c 3 130���135, d 1 -d 1 22���29, d 2 - d 2 84���89, d 3 -d 3 110���125, e 1 - e 1 18���22, e 2 -e 2 100���110, e 3 - e 3 95���105, f 2 -f 2 76���90, f 3 -f 3 70���73, h 1 -h 1 19���24, h 2 - h 2 40���50. Anterior margin of prodorsum without medial notch. Prodorsal shield absent, prodorsum with concave striations. Opisthosomal shield absent; transverse striae gradually becoming oblique, tending to convex posteriorly. Setae more elongate than those of adult. Setal lengths: v 2 10���15, sc 1 12���14, sc 2 13���15, c 1 11���12, c 2 14���15, c 3 14��� 20, d 1 9���12, d 2 17���21, d 3 25���26, e 1 14 ���17, e 2 16 ���22, e 3 19 ���23, f 2 21���23, f 3 17���21, h 1 18���20, h 2 20���23. Palps. Palps similar to adult. Tibial setae, dorsal 5���6 long, 4 long; tarsal eupathidia both 3 long; solenidion 3���4 long. Venter. Cuticle with transverse striae, becoming coarse behind cx IV. Anal setae ps 1���3 on weakly defined anal plates. Coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 15 ��� 17, 1 b 6���7, 2 b 7, 3a 12 ��� 23, 3 b 6, ag 1 7, ps 1 2���3, ps 2 2���3, ps 3 3. Legs. (Fig. 81 a) Setal formula for legs I���IV (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 1-4 - 9 (1), 1 - 0-3 - 1-4 - 9 (1), 1 - 1-2 - 1-3 - 5, 0- 0-1 - 0-3 - 3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (4 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (ta I 4 long; ta II 3 long). Leg setation as in deutonymph except: seta 2 c absent; seta 4 b absent; tr I���III without seta v ���; ge I���II without seta d, l������; ta IV without setae tc ���, tc������. Setae l' added to tr III. LARVA (n = 3). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 130���155, sc 2 -sc 2 65���67; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 22���25, sc 1 -sc 1 50���53, c 1 -c 1 17���18, c 2 -c 2 68���74, c 3 -c 3 90, d 1 -d 1 12, d 2 -d 2 60, d 3 -d 3 80, e 1 - e 1 7, e 2 - e 2 67, e 3 - e 3 55, f 2 -f 2 45, f 3 -f 3 30, h 1 -h 1 8, h 2 -h 2 16���38. Anterior margin of prodorsum without medial notch. Prodorsal shield absent, with longitudinal striations becoming broader medially. Opisthosomal shield absent; coarse, irregular transverse striae. Setae with more elongate proportions than those of adult. Setal lengths: v 2 13���15, sc 1 15���18, sc 2 13, c 1 12, c 2 15���17, c 3 14���17, d 1 17���18, d 2 15, d 3 15, e 1 19, e 2 15, e 3 15 ���16, f 2 16, f 3 17, h 1 14, h 2 15. Palps. (Fig. 81 c) Palps similar to adult. Tibial setae, dorsal 5���6 long, venter 4���5 long; tarsal eupathidia 3���4, 4 long; solenidion 4 long. Venter. Cuticle with transverse striae, becoming coarse behind cx IV. Anal setae ps 1���3 on weakly defined anal plates. Coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 22 ��� 35, 1 b 9���10, 3 a 27���40, ps 1 3���4, ps 2 3���4, ps 3 3���4. Legs. (Fig. 81 b) Setal formula for legs I���III (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 1-4 - 7 (1), 0- 0-3 - 1-4 - 7 (1), 0- 0-2 - 1-3 - 3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (ta I 4���6 long, ta II 4���5 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'- p��" (ta I 4���5 long; ta II 3���4 long). Leg setation as in protonymph except: seta 2 b absent; seta 3 b absent; tr I���III nude; ta I���III without seta tc ���, tc������. Etymology. The specific name sititoris, is masculine Latin for ���one who thirsts���, in reference to the dry habitat in which this species lives. Remarks. These mites were matt red and found hiding in leaf buds and under leaf scales. Individuals of this species were found in association with Chaudhripalpus costacola and Philippipalpus belah. Pentamerismus sititoris is similar to P. hicklingorum and P. w a rd o, but can be separated from these two species by the posterior ventral setae g 1���2 and ps 1���2 being thick, broadly lanceolate and heavily barbed, and setae ag being palmate and strongly barbed (setae g 1���2 fine, setiform and weakly barbed, setae ps 1 thicker than ps 2���3, and setae ag setiform to lanceolate in P. hicklingorum and P. w a rd o)., Published as part of Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D. & Bauchan, Gary R., 2014, Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales), pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 3778 (1) on pages 89-95, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/251337

Chaudhripalpus costacola Beard and Seeman sp. nov. (Figs 7���12) Type material examined. Holotype female ex. Belah Casuarina cristata (Casuarinaceae), AUSTRALIA: New South Wales, 86 km S Goondiwindi, approx. 15 km N Moree, Newell Highway, 29 �� 21 ��� 20 ��� S 150 ��00��� 24 ��� E, 21 August 2007, coll. J.J. Beard (QM). Paratypes. 4 females, 2 pharate females, 2 pharate deutonymphs, 1 protonymph, and 1 larva, same data as holotype (QM, ANIC). Non-type material examined. 8 females, 7 pharate females, 4 deutonymphs, 11 protonymphs, 3 pharate protonymphs, and 11 larvae ex. Ca. cristata, AUSTRALIA: Queensland, 17 km west of Dalby on Moonie Highway, 27 �� 14 ��� 13 ��� S 151 ��08��� 52 ��� E, 0 5 May 2007, coll. J.J. Beard and P.I. Forster (QM, USNM; BRI voucher PIF 32479); 8 females, 2 protonymphs, and 4 larvae ex same host, AUSTRALIA: Queensland, 45 km south of Hebel along Castlereagh Highway, near Lightning Ridge, 28 �� 44 ��� 43 ��� S 148 ��09��� 12 ��� E, 0 6 May 2007, coll. J.J. Beard and P.I. Forster (QM; BRI voucher PIF 32488). Diagnosis. Prodorsal shield with coarse, longitudinally lineate sculpturing. Dorsal opisthosomal cuticle with longitudinal striate sculpturing posteriorly; smooth cuticle between setae c 1 -d 1; longitudinal folding between setae d 1 -e 1; oblique folds and striate sculpturing laterally. Ventral setae ps 1���2 thin, barbed, seta ps 3 smooth. Trochanters I���IV 0- 0-1 -0 (v ��� absent on tr I���IV; l' present on tr III, added in protonymph). Spermathecal tube long, narrow, ca. 95 long before balloon-like membranous vesicle 4 long, 3 wide. FEMALE (n = 21). Dorsum. (Fig. 7) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 265���300 [300]; sc 2 - sc 2 91���93 [91]; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 38 ���40 [38], sc 1 -sc 1 82���85 [83], c 1 -c 1 24���28 [28], c 3 -c 3 116���125 [125], d 1 -d 1 20���25 [25], d 3 -d 3 99���110 [108], e 1 - e 1 22���26 [23], e 3 - e 3 97���110 [110], f 3 -f 3 88���99 [99], h 1 -h 1 21��� 24 [24], h 2 -h 2 63���74 [74]. Gnathosoma completely concealed beneath prodorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum with 1 pair of blunt membranous triangular lobes originating from beneath prodorsal margin, notch formed between lobes 10���15 deep. Prodorsal shield weakly developed with coarse, longitudinal lineate pattern. Opisthosomal shield weakly developed with smooth cuticle medially, coarse, longitudinal-oblique lineate pattern laterally and posteriorly. Lateral cuticle surrounding shields weakly striated. All dorsal setae broadly lanceolate, barbed; medial opisthosomal setae shorter than lateral setae. Setal lengths: v 2 17���18 [18], sc 1 14���15 [15], sc 2 17��� 20 [17], c 1 13���16 [16], c 3 18���19 [18], d 1 10���11 [10], d 3 16���19 [16], e 1 9 ���10 [10], e 3 16 ���18 [17], f 3 17���18 [18], h 1 12���13 [13], h 2 15���17 [17]. Palps. (Fig. 8 a) Setal formula 0, 0, 0, 2 (1 s+ 1 e). Tarsal eupathidium 6 long; solenidion 7 long. Vent er. (Fig. 8 b) Cuticle with fine transverse striae between setae 1 a - 3 a, longitudinal between setae 3 a - 4 a, transverse striae to midway between 4 a and ag, then longitudinal striae becoming coarse around genital area. Genital setae inserted in more-or-less transverse row, g 1 inserted slightly posterior to level of g 2. Genital area smooth, membranous, 20���25 [25] long, 35���40 [35] wide; anal setae ps 1���3 inserted medially on weakly defined anal plates in longitudinal line. Coxal setae 1 a, 1 b, 2 b, 2 c, 3 a, 3 b, 4 a, 4 b fine; setae g 1���2 lanceolate, setae ag 1, ps 1���2 narrowly lanceolate, barbed, ps 3 fine. Setal lengths: 1a 40 ��� 45 [broken], 1 b 20���25 [broken], 2 b 12���15 [12], 2 c 12���16 [13], 3a 25 ��� 40 [25], 3 b 12���15 [12], 4a 30 ��� 36 [35], 4 b 11���15 [15], ag 1 9���11 [9], g 1 9���11 [11], g 2 10 [10], ps 1 6���7 [7], ps 2 6���7 [7], ps 3 5���6 [6]. Spermatheca. (Fig. 8 c) Spermathecal tube long, narrow, becoming convoluted distally, maximum width 1, ca. 95 long before balloon-like spermatheca 4 long, 3 wide. Genital opening just anterior to setae ps 3. Legs. (Fig. 9) Setal formula for legs I���IV (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 0- 4 - 8 (1), 2 - 0-3 - 0-4 - 8 (1), 1 - 1-2 - 0-3 - 4, 1 - 0-1 - 0-3 - 4. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (ta I 9 [9] long, ta II 8 [8] long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (6 long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except: cx I without 1 c; tr I���IV without v ���; ge I���III without l ���, ge I���II without d, l������; ta I���IV without tc������. MALE. Unknown. DEUTONYMPH (n = 5). Dorsum. (Fig. 10) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 235���250, sc 2 - sc 2 90���96; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 25���29, sc 1 -sc 1 83���88, c 1 -c 1 22���25, c 3 -c 3 114���122, d 1 -d 1 20���23, d 3 -d 3 88���96, e 1 - e 1 18���20, e 3 - e 3 88���97, f 3 -f 3 79���85, h 1 -h 1 18���22, h 2 -h 2 48���56. Anterior prodorsal lobes not developed. Prodorsal shield smoothly rounded. Opisthosoma with setae c 1 on weak, irregular plate, d 1 on paired, weak, irregular platelets; otherwise coarse transverse striae between areas of smooth cuticle. Setal lengths: v 2 13���15, sc 1 13���15, sc 2 15���16, c 1 14���16, c 3 14���17, d 1 13���15, d 3 15���17, e 1 11 ���13, e 3 12 ���14, f 3 12���15, h 1 10, h 2 12���15. Palps. Palps similar to adult. Solenidion 4 long, eupathidium 4���5 long. Venter. (Fig. 11 b) Cuticle with transverse striae becoming longitudinal posteriorly. Coxal setae fine. Setae ps 1���2 barbed, ps 3 smooth. Setal lengths: 1a 22 ��� 25, 1 b 12���13, 2 b 9���11, 2 c 10���13, 3 a 17���20, 3 b 9���10, 4 a 16���22, 4 b 8���10, ag 1 8���10, g 1 10���11, ps 1 4���5, ps 2 5, ps 3 5. Legs. Setal formula for legs I���IV same as adult. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (5 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (5 long). PROTONYMPH (n = 3). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 190���225, sc 2 -sc 2 81��� 84; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 23���25, sc 1 -sc 1 68���70, c 1 -c 1 21���22, c 3 -c 3 110���113, d 1 -d 1 19���23, d 3 -d 3 82���85, e 1 - e 1 16���19, e 3 - e 3 76���79, f 3 -f 3 67���69, h 1 -h 1 17���25, h 2 -h 2 36���43. Anterior prodorsal lobes not developed. Prodorsal shield weakly developed, smooth. Opisthosoma with setae c 1 and d 1 on paired, weak, irregular platelets; otherwise sparse striae between areas of smooth cuticle. Setal length: v 2 12���15, sc 1 10���12, sc 2 14, c 1 15, c 3 14���16, d 1 10��� 13, d 3 11���15, e 1 8 ���10, e 3 13, f 3 11, h 1 7, h 2 9���11. Palps. Palps similar to adult. Solenidion 3���4 long, eupathidium 4 long. Venter. Cuticle with transverse striae becoming longitudinal posteriorly. Coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 25 ��� 30, 1 b 8���10, 2 b 8���10, 3 a 17���20, 3 b 6���9, ag 1 7���12, ps 1 3���4, ps 2 3���4, ps 3 3���4. Legs. Setal formula for legs I���IV (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 0-4 - 8 (1), 1 - 0-3 - 0-4 - 8 (1), 1 - 1-2 - 0-3 - 4, 0- 0-1 - 0-3 - 3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (4 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (5, 4 ��� 5 long). Leg setation as in deutonymph except: seta 1 c absent; seta 4 b absent; tarsi IV without tc������. Setae l' added to tr III. LARVA (n = 16). Dorsum. (Fig. 12) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 130���160, sc 2 -sc 2 64��� 69; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 20���21, sc 1 -sc 1 55���60, c 1 -c 1 17���18, c 3 -c 3 87���96, d 1 -d 1 18���19, d 3 -d 3 58���61, e 1 - e 1 8���11, e 3 - e 3 46���57, f 3 -f 3 33���41, h 1 -h 1 8, h 2 -h 2 14���22. Anterior prodorsal lobes not developed. Prodorsal shield weakly developed, smooth. Opisthosoma without platelets, with coarse transverse wrinkled striae, becoming oblique posteriorly. Setal lengths: v 2 12���13, sc 1 7���8, sc 2 10���11, c 1 9���10, c 3 8���10, d 1 8���9, d 3 9���10, e 1 6 ���8, e 3 9 ��� 11, f 3 9���10, h 1 5���6, h 2 9. Palps. Palps similar to adult except solenidion 3 long and eupathidium 5���6 long. Venter. (Fig. 11 a) Cuticle with transverse striae becoming longitudinal posteriorly. Coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 16 ��� 21, 1 b 11���12, 3 a 14���23, ps 1 3���4, ps 2 3���4, ps 3 3���4. Legs. (Fig. 12) Setal formula for legs I���III (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0- 3 - 0-4 - 7 (1), 0- 0-3 - 0-4 - 7 (1), 0- 0-2 - 0-3 - 3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (3 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (4 long). Leg setation as in protonymph except: seta 2 b absent; seta 3 b absent; tr I���III nude; tarsi I���III without seta tc ���. Hosts and distribution. This species was collected from Belah, Ca. cristata from northwestern New South Wales and southwestern Queensland. Etymology. The specific name is derived from costa (rib) and cola (dweller), alluding to the habit of these mites to lodge in between the ribs on stems of she-oaks. Remarks. This species was a darkish matt red colour in life and was found on the stems, with Pentamerismus sititoris and Philippipalpus belah. Chaudhripalpus costacola can be separated from Ch. creelae by the absence of v' on trochanters I���IV (present on tr I���II in Ch. creelae) and the presence of narrow setiform setae ps 1���2 (broadly lanceolate in Ch. creelae)., Published as part of Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D. & Bauchan, Gary R., 2014, Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales), pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 3778 (1) on pages 15-18, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/251337

Magdalenapalpus strandtmanni (Smiley, Frost and Gerson, 1996) (Figs 38���41) Meyeraepalpus strandtmanni Smiley, Frost and Gerson, 1996: 178, fig. 26. Magdalenapalpus strandtmanni, Mesa et al. 2009: 61, fig. 35. Type material examined. Holotype female ex. Bull-Oak Allocasuarina luehmannii (Casuarinaceae) [feeding on bark of branchlets], AUSTRALIA: South Australia, 16 km E Mt Mary, 16 December 1995, coll. W. Frost (WINC; on same slide as paratype female and 1 deutonymph). Paratypes. 1 female, 1 deutonymph, same slide as holotype (WINC); 1 female, 1 larva, same data as holotype except 28 February 1996 (1 slide); 1 deutonymph, 3 protonymphs, same data as holotype (1 slide, with 1 female Chaudhripalpus creelae); 2 females, 1 deutonymph, 1 pharate protonymph, same data as holotype (1 slide); 2 females, 2 deutonymphs, 1 pharate deutonymph, 2 protonymphs, 1 larva, same data as holotype (1 slide); 1 female, same data as holotype except 28 February 1996 (on slide with 1 female Chaudhripalpus creelae); 1 female, same data as holotype except 28 February 1996 (on slide with 1 female, 1 deutonymph Chaudhripalpus creelae) (WINC). Diagnosis. Dorsal opisthosomal setae f 2 present. Dorsal setae all broadly lanceolate, strongly barbed, subequal in length. Posterior opisthosomal venter with setae fine, barbed, except setae ps 1 thickened, heavily barbed. FEMALE (n = 9). Dorsum. (Fig. 38) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 230���250 in 8 paratypes [230]; sc 2 -sc 2 86���96 [86]; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 36 ���43 [42], sc 1 -sc 1 78���84 [81], c 1 -c 1 31���39 [31], c 2 -c 2 87���96 [87], c 3 -c 3 125���140 [125], d 1 -d 1 22���27 [22], d 2 -d 2 73���96 [73], d 3 -d 3 105���120 [105], e 1 - e 1 21���26 [24], e 2 - e 2 71���92 [74], e 3 - e 3 93���105 [95], f 2 -f 2 62���73 [65], f 3 -f 3 72���86 [72], h 1 -h 1 21���27 [27], h 2 -h 2 49���57 [57]. Gnathosoma almost completely concealed beneath prodorsum (Fig. 38). Anterior margin of prodorsum with notch between setae v 2, 8���15 [13] deep; setae v 2 inserted on anterior lobes formed by notch (Fig. 38). Prodorsal shield weakly developed with weak oblique folds and lines. Opisthosomal shield weakly developed, mostly with weak transverse folds and lines, becoming longitudinal between e 1 -e 1 and h 1 -h 1. Dorsal setae broadly lanceolate and strongly barbed, subequal in length; Setal lengths: v 2 23���30 [28], sc 1 22���27 [25], sc 2 24���29 [28], c 1 26���31 [27, 31], c 2 27���32 [29, 31], c 3 21���24 [22, 24], d 1 21���25 [23], d 2 22���27 [24, 26], d 3 19���26 [24, 26], e 1 19 ���27 [24, 27], e 2 22 ���28 [26, 28], e 3 22 ���27 [27], f 3 23���29 [29], h 1 19���28 [28], h 2 23���31 [25, 28]. Palps. (Fig. 38) Setal formula 0, 0, 0, 2, 3 (1 s+ 2 e). Tibial setae, dorsal 7���11 [7] long, ventral 7���10 [7] long; tarsal eupathidia 6���7 [6] long (thin, tapered), 7���8 [7] long (thick, blunt); solenidion 6���7 [6, 7] long. Venter. (Fig. 39) Ventral cuticle with longitudinal striae between 1 a - 1 a; with transverse striae between 1 a to just posterior to setae 4 a, becoming longitudinal to ag; striae between ag -ag mixed, with transverse striae on anterior of genital flap; longitudinal striae laterad genital region. Genital setae inserted on posterior corners of genital flap in more-or-less transverse row, g 1 inserted slightly posterior to level of g 2. Genital shield not developed, cuticle on genital flap smooth; setae ps 1���2 inserted in longitudinal line along inner edge of anal plates. Coxal, genital and anal setae ps 2���3 fine; setae ps 1 heavily barbed; setae 1 a, 3 a, 4 a long, finely tapered, often broken and difficult to determine full length. Setal lengths: 1a 30 ��� 47 [31, 38], 1 b 18���26 [19, 21], 2 b 14���22 [17], 2 c 15���27 [19], 3a 31 ��� 45 [not visible], 3 b 16���22 [21], 4a 30 ��� 37 [not visible], 4 b 18���21 [21], ag 1 19���24 [19], g 1 18���24 [21], g 2 18���24 [22], ps 1 15���18 [16], ps 2 15���20 [16], ps 3 12���20 [12]. Spermatheca. Not visible. Legs. (Fig. 40) Setal formula for legs I���IV (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 1-4 - 8 (1), 2 - 0-3 - 1- 4 - 8 (1), 1 - 1-2 - 0-3 - 4, 1 - 0-1 - 0-3 - 4. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (ta I 9-11 [10] long, ta II 8-11 [10] long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (ta I 6���8 [7���8] long, 6���7 [7] long; ta II with both 6���7 [7] long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except: coxae I without 1 c; trochanters I���IV 0- 0-1 -0 (v ��� absent on tr I���IV; l' present on tr IV); ge I���IV 1 - 1 -0-0 (d present ge I���II); ta I���IV without tc������. MALE. Unknown. DEUTONYMPH (6 paratypes). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 198���219, sc 2 -sc 2 75���82; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 27���33, sc 1 -sc 1 67���75, c 1 -c 1 28���33, c 2 -c 2 75���76, c 3 -c 3 115���120, d 1 -d 1 23���30, d 2 -d 2 58���65, d 3 -d 3 94���101, e 1 - e 1 18���21, e 2 - e 2 63���72, e 3 - e 3 81���89, f 3 -f 3 44���54, h 1 -h 1 65���71, h 2 -h 2 21���23. Gnathosoma not concealed by prodorsum. Prodorsal shield similar to female, but with fewer folds; opisthosomal shield weak, with some weak transverse folds. Setal lengths: v 2 27���32, sc 1 22���25, sc 2 24���27, c 1 25���28, c 2 26���28, c 3 21���23, d 1 20���23, d 2 20���25, d 3 21���24, e 1 19 ���24, e 2 21 ���23, e 3 21 ���26, f 2 20���27, f 3 20���26, h 1 18���22, h 2 19���24. Palps. Palps same as adult. Tibial setae, dorsal 9���10 long, ventral 7���8 long; tarsal eupathidia 5 long (thin, tapered), 6 long (thick, blunt); solenidion 5���6 long. Venter. Cuticle on gnathosoma to 1 a with longitudinal striae; 1 a- 4 a with transverse striae; between 4 a- 4 a with mixed striae; immediately posterior 4 a with transverse striae, becoming longitudinal to ag; longitudinal striae around genital-anal region. Setal lengths: 1a 30 ��� 38, 1 b 13���16, 2 b 13���20, 2 c 14���20, 3 a 28���31, 3 b 12���14, 4 a 23���28, 4 b 12���14, ag 1 12���14, g 1 12���16, ps 1 8���10, ps 2 10���12, ps 3 10���12. Legs. Setal formula for legs I���IV same as adult female. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (ta I 5 long, ta II 4���5 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (ta I 6, 5��� 6 long; ta II with both 5 long). PROTONYMPH (6 paratypes). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 145���180, sc 2 -sc 2 68���73; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 25���29, sc 1 -sc 1 62���66, c 1 -c 1 24���28, c 2 -c 2 68���72, c 3 -c 3 100���110, d 1 -d 1 20���25, d 2 -d 2 51���57, d 3 -d 3 81���86, e 1 - e 1 12���19, e 2 - e 2 53���66, e 3 - e 3 65���69, f 2 -f 2 44���59, f 3 -f 3 46���51, h 1 -h 1 13���29, h 2 -h 2 19���33. Gnathosoma not concealed by prodorsum. Setal lengths: v 2 25���28, sc 1 17���22, sc 2 18���24, c 1 21���23, c 2 19��� 23, c 3 15���18, d 1 19���21, d 2 16���22, d 3 17���20, e 1 17 ���21, e 2 16 ���19, e 3 17 ���20, f 2 16���19, f 3 14���19, h 1 15���20, h 2 15��� 20. Palps. Palps same as adult. Tibial setae, dorsal 8���9 long, ventral 6���7 long; tarsal eupathidia 4���5, 5 ��� 6 long; solenidion 3���4 long. Venter. Cuticle on gnathosoma to 1 a with longitudinal striae; 1 a to leg IV with transverse striae; leg IV to posterior margin with longitudinal striae. Coxal, genital and anal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 24 ��� 29, 1 b 13���16, 2 b 12���18, 3 b 21���28, ag 12���20, ps 1 7���8, ps 2 7���8, ps 3 7���8. Legs. Setal formula for legs I���IV (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 0-4 - 8 (1), 1 - 0-3 - 0-4 - 8 (1), 1 - 1-2 - 0-3 - 4, 0- 0-1 - 0-3 - 3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (3���4 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (5 long). Leg setation as in deutonymph except: seta 2 c, 4 b absent; genu I���II without d; tarsi IV without tc ���. Setae l' added to tr III. LARVA (2 paratypes). Dorsum. (Fig. 41 a) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 130���140, sc 2 - sc 2 61���63; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 21���23, sc 1 -sc 1 51���53, c 1 -c 1 21���23, c 2 -c 2 57���59, c 3 -c 3 92���95, d 1 -d 1 12��� 15, d 2 -d 2 43���48, d 3 -d 3 67���69, e 1 - e 1 8���9, e 2 - e 2 45���48, e 3 - e 3 51���53, f 2 -f 2 34���37, f 3 -f 3 29���37, h 1 -h 1 9���11, h 2 -h 2 16���20. Gnathosoma not concealed by prodorsum. Setal lengths: v 2 22���24, sc 1 17���18, sc 2 16���19, c 1 19���21, c 2 17��� 19, c 3 12���14, d 1 15���16, d 2 14���16, d 3 12���13, e 1 16 ���17, e 2 13 ���14, e 3 12 ���13, f 2 13���14, f 3 11���14, h 1 13���14, h 2 13��� 14. Palps. Palps same as adult. Tibial setae, dorsal 6���8 long, ventral 7 long; tarsal eupathidia 4, 5 long; solenidion 3 long. Venter. Cuticle on gnathosoma to 1 a with longitudinal striae; 1 a to leg IV with transverse striae; leg IV to posterior margin with some longitudinal striae. All setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 25 ��� 33, 1 b 12���14, 3 a 26���27, ps 1 5, ps 2 5, ps 3 5. Legs. (Fig. 41 b, c) Setal formula for legs I���III (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 0-4 - 7 (1), 0- 0-3 - 0-4 - 7 (1), 0- 0-2 - 0- 3 - 3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 bulbous antiaxial solenidion ��" (ta I 3 long, ta II 2���3 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (5 long). Leg setation as in protonymph except: seta 2 b absent; seta 3 b absent; tr I���III nude; ta I���III without seta tc ���. Remarks. In our specimens, leg setae counts are markedly different to those presented by Smiley et al. (1996), who reported that coxa I had two setae (only one seta is present), the trochanters had 1 - 1-2 - 1 (our count 0- 0-1 -0, i.e. l ��� present on only tr III, v ��� absent on tr I���IV), the genua had 3 - 3 - 1 -0 (our count 1 - 1 -0-0), and the tarsi had 7 (1)- 7 (1)- 5 - 5 (our count 8 (1)- 8 (1)- 4 - 4). They also reported that seta 4 a was absent, but it is present. Magdalenapalpus strandtmanni differs from the new species presented here by the presence of dorsal opisthosomal setae f 2 (absent in M. caperatus and M. forsteri)., Published as part of Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D. & Bauchan, Gary R., 2014, Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales), pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 3778 (1) on pages 51-55, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/251337, {"references":["Smiley, R. L., Frost, W. E. & Gerson, U. (1996) A revision of the subfamily Tegopalpinae, with the description of two new genera and five new species (Acari: Tenuipalpidae). International Journal of Acarology, 22 (3), 167 - 180. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 01647959608684092","Mesa, N. C., Ochoa, R., Welbourn, W. C., Evans, G. A. & Moraes, G. J. de (2009) A catalog of the Tenuipalpidae (Acari) of the world with a key to genera. Zootaxa, 2098, 1 - 185."]}

Palpipalpus Beard and Seeman gen. nov. Type species. Palpipalpus hesperius Beard and Seeman Diagnosis. All life stages: dorsal opisthosoma with 13 pairs of strongly barbed setae; c 2, d 2, e 2, and f 2 present; setae e 2 and f 2 inserted in more-or-less marginal position; setae h 2 similar in size and form to other dorsal setae; palps 5 -segmented, setal formula 0, 0, 0, 2, 3 (1); immature stages with anterior margin of prodorsum smoothly rounded, without projections/notches; ventral plate absent; 2 pairs of pseudanal setae (ps 1���2) on weakly developed anal plates. Adult female: gnathosoma partially concealed by anterior margin of prodorsum (also in male); anterior margin of prodorsum with 1 pair of rounded lobes anterior to, but not bearing, setae v 2 (also in male); genital plate weakly developed, membranous; metapodal plates not developed; coxae I without 1 c; trochanters I���IV 1 - 1 -2- 1; femora I���IV 3 - 3 - 2 - 1; genua 2 - 2 -0-0 (setae d and l������ present); tibiae 4 - 4 - 3 - 3; tarsi I���IV with tc������. Solenidia of male much thicker and longer than in female. Etymology. The name Palpipalpus is derived from palpus (a feeler) and is repeated to emphasise and allude to the swollen sensory solenidia of the palps and tarsi I���II in the male. Remarks. Palpipalpus most closely resembles Crossipalpus, with both genera sharing males with enlarged solenidia and only two pairs of ps setae. Palpipalpus differs to Crossipalpus by the presence of prodorsal lobes, seta tc������ on tarsi I���IV, seta f 2 on the dorsal opisthosoma, and the palp tibial seta (all absent in Crossipalpus)., Published as part of Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D. & Bauchan, Gary R., 2014, Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales), pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 3778 (1) on pages 80-81, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/251337

Magdalenapalpus caperatus Beard and Seeman sp. nov. (Figs 42���47) Type material examined. Holotype female ex. Coastal She-Oak Casuarina equisetifolia (Casuarinaceae), AUSTRALIA: Northern Territory, Darwin, Nightcliffe Boat Ramp, 12 �� 22 ��� 46 ��� S 130 �� 50 ��� 34 ��� E, 19 May 2008, coll. J.J. Beard and R. Ochoa (MAGNT). Paratypes. Same data as holotype: 21 females, 1 pharate female, 5 deutonymphs, 7 protonymphs, 15 larvae (24 slides) (MAGNT, QM, ANIC, USNM). Diagnosis. Dorsal opisthosomal setae f 2 absent. Dorsal setae broadly lanceolate, strongly barbed, subequal in length. Prodorsal and opisthosomal shield with extensive rugose and wrinkled sculpturing; lateral cuticle smooth. Dorsal opisthosomal setae d 1 -d 1 26���30, e 1 - e 1 23���25 apart. Posterior opisthosomal venter with thickened, barbed setae. FEMALE (n = 22). Dorsum. (Figs 42, 43) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 275���300 [290]; sc 2 -sc 2 98���105 [105]; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 32 ���35 [35], sc 1 -sc 1 76���78 [77], c 1 -c 1 31���35 [35], c 2 -c 2 59���77 [59], c 3 -c 3 135���145 [145], d 1 -d 1 26���30 [28], d 2 -d 2 91���105 [105], d 3 -d 3 115���130 [130], e 1 - e 1 23���25 [25], e 2 - e 2 91���105 [105], e 3 - e 3 94���110 [110], f 3 -f 3 80���92 [92], h 1 -h 1 29���32 [31], h 2 -h 2 47���58 [47]. Gnathosoma partially concealed beneath prodorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum with medial notch (internal depth 15���16), forming pair of broad, fleshy lobes (Figs 42, 43); setae v 2 inserted under a fold on each lobe (Figs 42, 43). Prodorsal shield with rugose sculpturing. Opisthosomal shield with rugose-oblique sculpturing, becoming transverse-rugose medially. Lateral cuticle surrounding shields weakly tessellate to smooth. All dorsal setae barbed, broadly lanceolate. Setal lengths: v 2 18���22 [18], sc 1 17���18 [17], sc 2 16���22 [22], c 1 16���20 [20], c 2 19���23 [19], c 3 18���19 [19], d 1 15���16 [16], d 2 16���18 [18], d 3 19���20 [19], e 1 13 ���15 [15], e 2 18 ���22 [22], e 3 18 ���20 [20], f 3 15���20 [15], h 1 15���16 [16], h 2 18���20 [20]. Palps. (Fig. 43) Setal formula 0, 0, 0, 2, 3 (1 s+ 2 e). Tibial setae, dorsal 5���7 [5] long, ventral 8���9 [8] long; tarsal eupathidia 6, 8 long; solenidion 6���8 [8] long. Venter. (Fig. 44 a) Cuticle with transverse striae, becoming longitudinal midway between 4 a and ag, extending to genital area; fine striae become coarse lateral to genital area. Setae g 1 inserted in more-or-less transverse line with g 2, g 2 slightly anterior to g 1. Genital shield smooth, poorly defined, ca. 25���30 [30] long, 38���40 [40] wide; anal setae ps 1���3 inserted in longitudinal row on anal plates. Coxal setae fine, except 2 c barbed; setae ps 1���2 barbed; ps 3, g 1 -g 2, ag smooth or with few barbs. Setal lengths: 1a 36 ��� 50 [50], 1 b 20���29 [29], 2 b 14���17 [14], 2 c 19���23 [23], 3a 38 ��� 40 [40], 3 b 13���15 [15], 4a 23 ��� 37 [37], 4 b 12���14 [14], ag 1 18���21 [18], g 1 20���23 [23], g 2 18���20 [20], ps 1 14���15 [15], ps 2 12���14 [14], ps 3 7���12 [12]. Spermatheca. (Fig. 44 b) Spermathecal tube short, narrow, ps 2���3. Legs. (Fig. 45) Setal formula for legs I���IV (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 1-4 - 8 (1), 2 - 0-3 - 1-4 - 8 (1), 1 - 1-2 - 0-3 - 4, 1 - 0-1 - 0-3 - 4. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (ta I 10���12 [12] long, ta II 10���11 [11] long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (6���7 [7] long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except: coxae I without 1 c; v ��� absent on tr I���IV, l' present on tr III; genua I���II with d; tarsi I���IV without tc������. MALE. Unknown. DEUTONYMPH (4 paratypes). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 245���270, sc 2 -sc 2 77���88; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 25���28, sc 1 -sc 1 70���74, c 1 -c 1 23���25, c 2 -c 2 68���69, c 3 -c 3 123���128, d 1 -d 1 19���20, d 2 -d 2 69���73, d 3 -d 3 93���99, e 1 - e 1 22���40, e 2 - e 2 85���88, e 3 - e 3 90, f 3 -f 3 65���70, h 1 -h 1 14���21, h 2 -h 2 34���40. Anterior margin of prodorsum with rounded protrusion lacking medial notch. Prodorsal shield smooth with few creases. Opisthosomal shield with c 1 -c 2 and d 1 -d 2 on patches of smooth cuticle, and smooth pygidial shield; all shields surrounded by coarse irregularly transverse striae medially and smooth soft cuticle laterally. All dorsal setae lanceolate, except e 3, f 3, h 1, h 2 narrowly lanceolate. Setal lengths: v 2 25���28, sc 1 17���18, sc 2 19���20, c 1 18���25, c 2 18���20, c 3 16���19, d 1 16, d 2 16���19, d 3 17���20, e 1 13 ���15, e 2 14 ���16, e 3 16 ���17, f 3 16���18, h 1 11���13, h 2 18���19. Palps. Palps similar to adult. Tibial setae, dorsal 6 long, ventral 7���9 long; tarsal eupathidia 5, 6 long; solenidion 4���5 long. Venter. (Fig. 46 c) Cuticle with transverse striae to midway between 4 a and ag, becoming longitudinal, striae coarse around anal region. Anal setae ps 1���3 on weakly defined anal plates. Ventral setae fine, smooth. Setal lengths: 1a 37 ��� 42, 1 b 14���16, 2 b 11���12, 2 c 17���20, 3 a 30���32, 3 b 10���11, 4 a 17���26, 4 b 10���14, ag 1 10���13, g 1 12���15, ps 1 5���6, ps 2 6���8, ps 3 5���6. Legs. Setal formula for legs I���IV same as adult. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (5���6 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (5 long). PROTONYMPH (7 paratypes). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 190���210, sc 2 -sc 2 71���78; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 20���24, sc 1 -sc 1 58���63, c 1 -c 1 17���22, c 2 -c 2 59���61, c 3 -c 3 100���108, d 1 -d 1 15���17, d 2 -d 2 57���61, d 3 -d 3 78���84, e 1 - e 1 12���14, e 2 - e 2 64���69, e 3 - e 3 66���71, f 3 -f 3 41���50, h 1 -h 1 9���15, h 2 -h 2 20���30. Anterior margin of prodorsum with rounded protrusion lacking medial notch. Prodorsal shield smooth with few creases. Opisthosomal shield with c 2 and d 1 -d 2 on patches of smooth cuticle, and smooth pygidial shield; all shields surrounded by coarse irregularly transverse striae medially and smooth soft cuticle laterally. Dorsal setae narrowly lanceolate, except setae v 2, c 1, c 3, d 2, e 1 lanceolate. Setal lengths: v 2 20���24, sc 1 14���15, sc 2 17���18, c 1 18, c 2 16���18, c 3 12���16, d 1 15���16, d 2 15���16, d 3 14���15, e 1 11 ���14, e 2 14, e 3 13 ���15, f 3 12���13, h 1 9���10, h 2 12���13. Palps. Palps similar to adult. Tibial setae, dorsal 7 long, ventral 5 long; tarsal eupathidia 4���5, 5 ��� 6 long; solenidion 4���5 long. Vent er. (Fig. 46 b) Striation similar to deutonymph. Anal setae ps 1���3 on weakly defined anal plates. Ventral setae fine, smooth. Setal lengths: 1a 28 ��� 31, 1 b 13���17, 2 b 13���16, 3 a 23���25, 3 b 9���12, ag 1 8���9, ps 1 4���5, ps 2 3���4, ps 3 3���5. Legs. Setal formula for legs I���IV (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 0-4 - 8 (1), 1 - 0-3 - 0-4 - 8 (1), 1 - 1-2 - 0-3 - 4, 0- 0-1 - 0-3 - 3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (3���4 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (5 long). Leg setation as in deutonymph except: seta 2 c, 4 b absent; genu I���II without d; tarsi IV without tc ���. Setae l' added to tr III. LARVA (15 paratypes). Dorsum. (Fig. 47) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 150���170, sc 2 - sc 2 65���70; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 17���18, sc 1 -sc 1 49���51, c 1 -c 1 15���16, c 2 -c 2 52���54, c 3 -c 3 89���94, d 1 -d 1 11��� 13, d 2 -d 2 47���50, d 3 -d 3 67���72, e 1 - e 1 9���10, e 2 - e 2 55���59, e 3 - e 3 45���53, f 3 -f 3 31���34, h 1 -h 1 5���7, h 2 -h 2 16���18. Dorsal setae barbed; thin except for v 2, c 3, d 2 narrowly lanceolate and c 1, d 1 lanceolate. Anterior margin of prodorsum without medial notch. Prodorsal shield smooth with few creases. Pygidial shield or platelets not apparent; cuticle with irregular transverse lines on soft cuticle. Setal lengths: v 2 13���18, sc 1 9���10, sc 2 12���13, c 1 13���15, c 2 14���16, c 3 9���10, d 1 10���14, d 2 10���11, d 3 8���9, e 1 9 ���10, e 2 9, e 3 7 ���10, f 3 9���10, h 1 8, h 2 8���11. Palps. Palps similar to adult. Tibial setae, dorsal 6���7 long, ventral 5���6 long; tarsal eupathidia 4���5, 6 long; solenidion 4 long. Venter. (Fig. 46 a) Striation similar to deutonymph. Anal setae ps 1���3 on weakly defined anal plates. Coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 18 ��� 23, 1 b 10���14, 3 a 20���23, ps 1 3���4, ps 2 3���4, ps 3 3���4. Legs. Setal formula for legs I��� III (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 0-4 - 7 (1), 0- 0-3 - 0-4 - 7 (1), 0- 0-2 - 0-3 - 3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (ta I 4 long, ta II 3���4 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (5 long). Leg setation as in protonymph except: seta 2 b absent; seta 3 b absent; tr I���III nude; ta I���III without seta tc ���. Etymology. The specific name derives from caperatus (wrinkled), alluding to the dorsal ornamentation. Remarks. This species was red in colour and found in cracks on bark. Our two new species of Magdalenapalpus have identical body and leg setation but are distinguished by the form of the dorsal setae and distance between d 1 -d 1 and e 1 -e 1. These new species were also collected from two different genera of host plant, Allocasuarina and Casuarina. Magdalenapalpus caperatus is similar to M. forsteri but can be separated by the shape of the dorsal setae which are broadly lanceolate in M. caperatus (narrowly lanceolate in M. forsteri), the distance between setae d 1 -d 1 26���30 (11���16 in M. forsteri) and between setae e 1 - e 1 23���25 (9���13 in M. forsteri)., Published as part of Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D. & Bauchan, Gary R., 2014, Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales), pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 3778 (1) on pages 56-62, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/251337