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1. Sexual health needs of female sex workers in Côte d’Ivoire: a mixed-methods study to prepare the future implementation of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention

Author

Camille Anoma, Valentine Becquet, Marcellin Nouaman, Mélanie Plazy, Jean-Marie Masumbuko, Soh Kouame, Christine Danel, Serge Paul Eholie, Joseph Larmarange, Aboubakar Sangaré, Anglaret Xavier, Anoma Camille, Barin Francis, Bazin Brigitte, Becquet Valentine, Dabis François, Danel Christine, Eholie Serge, Ekouevi Didier, Fonsart Julien, Gbosi Kate, Kwamé Abo, Larmarange Joseph, Masumbuko Jean-Marie, Moh Raoul Méda Nicolas, Molina Jean-Michel, N’dri-Yoman Thérèse, Nouaman Marcellin, Plazy Mélanie, Tanoe Solange, and Yeo Roselyne

Subjects
Medicine
Abstract

Objective To describe sexual and reproductive health (SRH) needs of female sex workers (FSWs) to inform the future implementation of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention in this population.Design and setting The ANRS 12361 PrEP-CI cross-sectional and mixed-methods study was designed and implemented with two community-based organisations in Côte d’Ivoire.Participants A convenience sample of 1000 FSWs aged ≥18, not known as HIV-positive, completed a standardised questionnaire assessing sociodemographic characteristics, sexual practices, use of community health services and a priori acceptability of PrEP. Twenty-two indepth interviews and eight focus group discussions were also conducted to document FSWs’ risky practices and sexual behaviours, experiences with violence and discrimination, attitudes regarding HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and barriers to SRH services.Results Although 87% described consistent condom use with clients, more than 22% declared accepting condomless sexual intercourse for a large sum of money. Furthermore, condom use with their steady partner and knowledge of their partner’s HIV status were low despite their acknowledged concurrent sexual partnerships. While inconsistent condom use exposed FSWs to STIs and undesired pregnancies, the prevalence of contraceptive strategies other than condoms was low (39%) due to fear of contraception causing sterility. FSWs faced obstacles to accessing SRH care and preferred advice from their peers or self-medication.Conclusions Despite adoption of preventive behaviour in most cases, FSWs are still highly exposed to HIV. Furthermore, FSWs seem to face several barriers to accessing SRH. Implementing PrEP among FSWs in West Africa, such as in Côte d’Ivoire, constitutes an opportunity to consider the regular follow-up of HIV-negative FSWs. PrEP initiation should not condition access to SRH services; conversely, SRH services could be a way to attract FSWs into HIV prevention. Our results highlight the importance of developing a people-focused approach that integrates all SRH needs when transitioning from PrEP efficacy trials to implementation.

Published
2020
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2. Universal test and treat and the HIV epidemic in rural South Africa: a phase 4, open-label, community cluster randomised trial

Author

Bärnighausen, Till, Herbst, Kobus, Iwuji, Collins, Makowa, Thembisa, Naidu, Kevi, Newell, Marie-Louise, Okesola, Nonhlanhla, de Oliveira, Tulio, Pillay, Deenan, Rochat, Tamsen, Tanser, Frank, Viljoen, Johannes, Zuma, Thembelihle, McGrath, Nuala, Balestre, Eric, Dabis, François, Karcher, Sophie, Orne-Gliemann, Joanna, Plazy, Melanie, Prague, Mélanie, Thiébaut, Rodolphe, Tiendrebeogo, Thierry, Boyer, Sylvie, Donfouet, Hermann, Gosset, Andrea, March, Laura, Protopopescu, Camelia, Spire, Bruno, Calmy, Alexandra, Larmarange, Joseph, Inghels, Maxime, Diallo, Hassimiou, Calvez, Vincent, Derache, Anne, Marcelin, Anne-Geneviève, Dray-Spira, Rosemary, Lert, France, El Farouki, Kamal, Lessells, Richard, Freedberg, Kenneth, Imrie, John, Chaix, Marie-Laure, Newell, Colin, Hontelez, Jan, Bazin, Brigitte, Rekacewicz, Claire, Iwuji, Collins C, Thiebaut, Rodolphe, Dreyer, Jaco, and De Oliveira, Tulio

Published
2018
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3. Temporal trends of population viral suppression in the context of Universal Test and Treat: the ANRS 12249 TasP trial in rural South Africa

Author

Larmarange, Joseph, Diallo, Mamadou H., Mcgrath, Nuala, Iwuji, Collins, Plazy, Mélanie, Thiébaut, Rodolphe, Tanser, Frank, Bärnighausen, Till, Orne?Gliemann, Joanna, Pillay, Deenan, Dabis, François, Barnighausen, Till, Herbst, Kobus, Makowa, Thembisa, Naidu, Kevi, Okesola, Nonhlanhla, Oliveira, Tulio, Rochat, Tamsen, Viljoen, Johannes, Zuma, Thembelihle, Balestre, Eric, Dabis, Francois, Karcher, Sophie, Plazy, Melanie, Prague, Melanie, Thiebaut, Rodolphe, Tiendrebeogo, Thierry, Boyer, Sylvie, Donfouet, Hermann, Gosset, Andrea, March, Laura, Protopopescu, Camelia, Spire, Bruno, Calvez, Vincent, Derache, Anne, Marcelin, Anne?Genevieve, Dray?Spira, Rosemary, Lert, France, Farouki, Kamal El, Chaix, Marie?Laure, Bazin, Brigitte, Rekacewicz, Claire, Imrie, John, Lessells, Richard, Newell, Colin, Newell, Marie?Louise, Calmy, Alexandra, Freedberg, Kenneth, and Hontelez, Jan

Subjects
Time trends (Statistics) -- Analysis, Antiviral agents -- Dosage and administration, Immunosuppression -- Patient outcomes, HIV infection -- Risk factors -- Prevention, Health
Abstract

: Introduction: The universal test‐and‐treat (UTT) strategy aims to maximize population viral suppression (PVS), that is, the proportion of all people living with HIV (PLHIV) on antiretroviral treatment (ART) and virally suppressed, with the goal of reducing HIV transmission at the population level. This article explores the extent to which temporal changes in PVS explain the observed lack of association between universal treatment and cumulative HIV incidence seen in the ANRS 12249 TasP trial conducted in rural South Africa. Methods: The TasP cluster‐randomized trial (2012 to 2016) implemented six‐monthly repeat home‐based HIV counselling and testing (RHBCT) and referral of PLHIV to local HIV clinics in 2 × 11 clusters opened sequentially. ART was initiated according to national guidelines in control clusters and regardless of CD4 count in intervention clusters. We measured residency status, HIV status, and HIV care status for each participant on a daily basis. PVS was computed per cluster among all resident PLHIV (≥16, including those not in care) at cluster opening and daily thereafter. We used a mixed linear model to explore time patterns in PVS, adjusting for sociodemographic changes at the cluster level. Results: 8563 PLHIV were followed. During the course of the trial, PVS increased significantly in both arms (23.5% to 46.2% in intervention, +22.8, p < 0.001; 26.0% to 44.6% in control, +18.6, p < 0.001). That increase was similar in both arms (p = 0.514). In the final adjusted model, PVS increase was most associated with increased RHBCT and the implementation of local trial clinics (measured by time since cluster opening). Contextual changes (measured by calendar time) also contributed slightly. The effect of universal ART (trial arm) was positive but limited. Conclusions: PVS was improved significantly but similarly in both trial arms, explaining partly the null effect observed in terms of cumulative HIV incidence between arms. The PVS gains due to changes in ART‐initiation guidelines alone are relatively small compared to gains obtained by strategies to maximize testing and linkage to care. The achievement of the 90‐90‐90 targets will not be met if the operational and implementational challenges limiting access to care and treatment, often context‐specific, are not properly addressed. Clinical trial number: NCT01509508 (clinicalTrials.gov)/DOH‐27‐0512‐3974 (South African National Clinical Trials Register)., Introduction Antiretroviral treatment (ART), when taken early has several benefits, both in terms of morbidity and mortality and in terms of reduction in HIV sexual transmission. Mathematical modelling work suggested [...]

Published
2019
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6. Development of Resistance Mutations in Women Receiving Standard Antiretroviral Therapy Who Received Intrapartum Nevirapine to Prevent Perinatal Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Transmission: A Substudy of Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 316

Author

Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 316 Team, Cunningham, Coleen K., Chaix, Marie-Laure, Rekacewicz, Claire, Britto, Paula, Rouzioux, Christine, Gelber, Richard D., Dorenbaum, Alejandro, Delfraissy, Jean Francois, Bazin, Brigitte, Mofenson, Lynne, and Sullivan, John L.

Published
2002

7. Bonnes Pratiques Cliniques dans les pays en développement : recommandations en termes d’application

Author

Bazin, Brigitte, Chambon, Jean-François, de Rochegonde, Thierry, Deloron, Philippe, Garenne, Michel, Gersberg, Marta, Guérin, Philippe, Juillet, Yves, Lameyre, Valérie, Leblond, Annie, L’Hadj, Mohamed, Ravinetto, Rafaella, Riveau, Gilles, Schacht, Anne-Marie, Simon, François, Toneatti, Christine, Torreele, Els, Urfalino, Philippe, Bompart, François, Hirsch, François, Bertoye, Pierre-Henri, and Vray, Muriel

Published
2008
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8. Good Clinical Practice in Developing Countries: Applying Recommendations

Author

Bazin, Brigitte, Chambon, Jean-François, de Rochegonde, Thierry, Deloron, Philippe, Garenne, Michel, Gersberg, Marta, Guérin, Philippe, Juillet, Yves, Lameyre, Valérie, Leblond, Annie, L’Hadj, Mohamed, Ravinetto, Rafaella, Riveau, Gilles, Schacht, Anne-Marie, Simon, François, Toneatti, Christine, Torreele, Els, Urfalino, Philippe, Bompart, François, Hirsch, François, Bertoye, Pierre-Henri, and Vray, Muriel

Published
2008
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11. J Int AIDS Soc

Author

Larmarange, Joseph, Diallo, Mamadou, McGrath, Nuala, Iwuji, Collins, PLAZY, Mélanie, Thiébaut, Rodolphe, Tanser, Frank, Bärrnighausen, Till, Orne‐Gliemann, Joanna, Pillay, Deenan, Dabis, Francois, Herbst, Kobus, Makowa, Thembisa, Naidu, Kevi, Okesola, Nonhlanhla, Rochat, Tamsen, Viljoen, Johannes, Zuma, Thembelihle, Oliveira, Tulio, Karcher, Sophie, Prague, Mélanie, Tiendrebeogo, Thierry, Boyer, Sylvie, Donfouet, Hermann, Gosset, Andréa, March, Laura, Protopopescu, Camelia, Spire, Bruno, Calvez, Vincent, Derache, Anne, Marcelin, Anne‐Genevieve, Dray‐Spira, Rosemary, Lert, France, El Farouki, Kamal, Chaix, Marie‐Laure, Bazin, Brigitte, Rekacewicz, Claire, Imrie, John, Lessells, Richard, Newell, Colin, Newell, Marie‐Louise, Calmy, Alexandra, Freedberg, Kenneth, Hontelez, Jan, Centre population et développement (CEPED - UMR_D 196), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Paris (UP), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Brighton and Sussex Medical School (BSMS), Institut de Santé Publique, d'Epidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Africa Health Research Institute [Durban/Mtubatuba] (AHRI), Harvard School of Public Health, University College of London [London] (UCL), Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN)-Medical Research Council of South Africa, Pathogénèse et contrôle des infections chroniques (PCCI), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier (CHU Montpellier )-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Epidémiologie et Biostatistique [Bordeaux], Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U912 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Sexual Health Unit, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm)-Université de Bordeaux-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm)-Université de Bordeaux, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse, Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le Sida et les Hépatites Virales (ANRS), HIV Unit, Geneva University Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], International Initiative for Impact EvaluationDeutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit. Grant Number: 81151938Wellcome TrustAgence Nationale de Recherches sur le Sida et les Hepatites Virales. Grant Number: 2011‐375Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Bordeaux population health (BPH), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Statistics In System biology and Translational Medicine (SISTM), Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Epidémiologie et Biostatistique [Bordeaux], Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le Sida et les Hépatites Virales, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Santé, vulnérabilités et relations de genre au sud (SAGESUD - ERL Inserm U1244), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre population et développement (CEPED - UMR_D 196), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)- Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier (CHU Montpellier )-Université de Montpellier (UM), Epidémiologie, Systèmes d'Information, Modélisation, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Mode de vie, génétique et santé : études intégratives et transgénérationnelles (U1018 (Équipe 9)), Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), University of Southampton, Hôpital Universitaire de Genève, Heidelberg University, Public Health, HAL AMU, Administrateur, and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)

Subjects
Counseling, Male, Rural Population, Impact evaluation, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV Infections, medicine.disease_cause, South Africa, 0302 clinical medicine, Mass Screening, 030212 general & internal medicine, Viral suppression, 050207 economics, Referral and Consultation, Research Articles, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, education.field_of_study, retention in care, 050208 finance, Incidence, 05 social sciences, 3. Good health, SISTM, Infectious Diseases, Female, 0305 other medical science, Research Article, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Referral, Anti-HIV Agents, Population, antiretroviral therapy, Context (language use), Population health, IDLIC, 03 medical and health sciences, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), 0502 economics and business, medicine, Humans, sustained viral suppression, education, Research ethics, 030505 public health, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, HIV, medicine.disease, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Clinical trial, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Family medicine, Test and treat, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Delivery of Health Care, population health, Demography
Abstract

Background: The universal test-and-treat strategy (UTT) aims to maximize population viral suppression (PVS), i.e. the proportion of all people living with HIV (PLHIV) on antiretroviral treatment (ART) and virally suppressed in a community. We investigated whether PVS improved during the course of the ANRS 12249 TasP trial conducted in rural South Africa and investigating UTT impact on HIV incidence. Methods: The TasP cluster-randomized trial (2012-2016) implemented six-monthly repeat home-based HIV counselling and testing (RHBCT) and referral of PLHIV to local HIV clinics in 2×11 clusters opened sequentially. ART was initiated according to national guidelines in control clusters and regardless of CD 4 count in intervention clusters. We measured residency status, HIV status and HIV care status for each participant. PVS was computed per cluster among all resident PLHIV (≥16, including those not in care) at cluster opening and daily thereafter. We used a mixed linear model to explore time patterns in PVS, adjusting for sociodemographic changes at cluster level. Findings: 8 563 PLHIV were followed. Between cluster opening and January 1, 2016, PVS increased significantly in both arms (intervention: 23·5% to 46·2%, +22·8, p

Published
2019
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12. Comité d’éthique et recherche de terrain : vers une entrave bureaucratique ?

Author

Bazin, Yoann, Bazin, Brigitte, Brabet, Julienne, Goiseau, Élise, Strubel, Xavier, Administrateur, Paris Dauphine-PSL, Métis Lab EM Normandie, École de Management de Normandie (EM Normandie), Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le Sida et les Hépatites Virales (ANRS), Institut d'Administration des Entreprises - Paris Est Créteil (IAE Paris Est Créteil), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Dauphine Recherches en Management (DRM), Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Droit, Economie et Finances (DEFI), Télécom Ecole de Management (TEM)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom Business School (IMT-BS), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
Réglementation, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D6 - Welfare Economics/D.D6.D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement, JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C9 - Design of Experiments/C.C9.C93 - Field Experiments, Recherche en sciences sociales, [SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, Expériences de terrain, [SHS.GESTION] Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration
Abstract

International audience; Protection des personnes, des données personnelles, de l’intégrité de la recherche et du secret des affaires... On assiste depuis quelques années à une multiplication de règlementations dont le but serait d’assurer la dimension éthique de nos investigations. Comment éviter qu’elles n’entravent nos approches du terrain sans interroger en profondeur nos pratiques ?

Published
2019

14. Reduction of maternal-infant transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 with zidovudine treatment

Author

Connor, Edward M., Sperling, Rhoda S., Gelber, Richard, Kiselev, Pavel, Scott, Gwendolyn, O'Sullivan, Mary Jo, VanDyke, Russell, Bey, Mohammed, Shearer, William, Jacobson, Robert L., Jimenez, Eleanor, O'Neill, Edward, Bazin, Brigitte, Delfraissy, Jean-Francois, Culnane, Mary, Coombs, Robert, Elkins, Mary, Moye, Jack, Stratton, Pamela, and Balsley, James

Subjects
HIV infection in pregnancy, Zidovudine -- Evaluation, HIV infection in children -- Prevention
Abstract

Zidovudine treatment of pregnant women who are HIV-positive may prevent transmission of HIV infection to their infants. Among 409 pregnant women infected with HIV, 205 were treated with zidovudine and 204 received a placebo. The women were between 14 and 34 weeks' gestation and all had CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts above 200. The women in the zidovudine group took 100 milligrams (mg) orally five times a day before birth and received intravenous zidovudine during labor. Their infants were also treated with zidovudine for six weeks. Among 180 infants in the zidovudine group for whom results were known, 13 tested positive for HIV, compared to 40 among 183 infants in the placebo group. The estimated proportions of infants infected at 18 months were 8.3% in the zidovudine group and 25.5% in the placebo group. This indicates that zidovudine treatment can reduce the risk of HIV transmission from mother to infant by approximately two-thirds.

Published
1994

15. Development of resistance mutations in women receiving standard antiretroviral therapy who received intrapartum nevirapine to prevent perinatal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission

Author

Cunningham, Coleen K., Chaix, Marie-Laure, Rekacewicz, Claire, Britto, Paula, Rouzioux, Christine, Gelber, Richard D., Dorenbaum, Alejandro, Delfraissy, Jean Francois, Bazin, Brigitte, Mofenson, Lynne, and Sullivan, John Lawrence

Subjects
HIV infection in pregnancy -- Drug therapy, Drug resistance in microorganisms -- Reports, Nevirapine -- Health aspects, Health
Published
2002

17. Universal test and treat and the HIV epidemic in rural South Africa: a phase 4, open-label, community cluster randomised trial

Author

Iwuji, Collins C, primary, Orne-Gliemann, Joanna, additional, Larmarange, Joseph, additional, Balestre, Eric, additional, Thiebaut, Rodolphe, additional, Tanser, Frank, additional, Okesola, Nonhlanhla, additional, Makowa, Thembisa, additional, Dreyer, Jaco, additional, Herbst, Kobus, additional, McGrath, Nuala, additional, Bärnighausen, Till, additional, Boyer, Sylvie, additional, De Oliveira, Tulio, additional, Rekacewicz, Claire, additional, Bazin, Brigitte, additional, Newell, Marie-Louise, additional, Pillay, Deenan, additional, Dabis, François, additional, Iwuji, Collins, additional, Naidu, Kevi, additional, de Oliveira, Tulio, additional, Rochat, Tamsen, additional, Viljoen, Johannes, additional, Zuma, Thembelihle, additional, Karcher, Sophie, additional, Plazy, Melanie, additional, Prague, Mélanie, additional, Thiébaut, Rodolphe, additional, Tiendrebeogo, Thierry, additional, Donfouet, Hermann, additional, Gosset, Andrea, additional, March, Laura, additional, Protopopescu, Camelia, additional, Spire, Bruno, additional, Calmy, Alexandra, additional, Inghels, Maxime, additional, Diallo, Hassimiou, additional, Calvez, Vincent, additional, Derache, Anne, additional, Marcelin, Anne-Geneviève, additional, Dray-Spira, Rosemary, additional, Lert, France, additional, El Farouki, Kamal, additional, Lessells, Richard, additional, Freedberg, Kenneth, additional, Imrie, John, additional, Chaix, Marie-Laure, additional, Newell, Colin, additional, and Hontelez, Jan, additional

Published
2018
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18. The impact of universal test and treat on HIV incidence in a rural South African population: ANRS 12249 TasP trial, 2012-2016

Author

Iwuji, Collins, Orne-Gliemann, Joanna, Balestre, Eric, Larmarange, Joseph, Thiébaut, Rodolphe, Tanser, Frank, Okesola, Nonhlanhla, Makowa, Thembisa, Dreyer, Jaco, Boyer, Sylvie, Herbst, Kobus, Mcgrath, Nuala, Bärnighausen, Till, de Oliveira, Tulio, Rekacewicz, Claire, Bazin, Brigitte, Newell, Marie-Louise, Pillay, Deenan, Dabis, François, Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal [Durban, Afrique du Sud] (UKZN)-Medical Research Council of South Africa, University College of London [London] (UCL), Institut de Santé Publique, d'Epidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Centre population et développement (CEPED - UMR_D 196), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le Sida et les Hépatites Virales (ANRS), University of Southampton, and IAS

Subjects
[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie
Abstract

Background: The population impact of universal test and treat (UTT) on HIV transmission has not yet been evaluated.Methods: A cluster-randomized trial was implemented in 2x11 rural communities in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. All residents ≥16 years were offered rapid HIV testing and provided dried blood spots (DBS) during 6-monthly home-based survey rounds. HIV-positive participants were referred to cluster-based trial clinics to receive ART regardless of CD4 count (intervention arm) or according to national guidelines (control arm). Standard of care ART was also available in the Department of Health clinics. HIV incidence was estimated on repeat DBS using cluster-adjusted Poisson regression.Results: Between 03/2012 and 04/2016, 13,239 and 14,916 individuals (63% women, median age 30 years) were registered in the intervention and control arms. Contact frequency per round among registered individuals ranged from 64% to 83%, HIV ascertainment from 74% to 85%. Baseline HIV prevalence was 29.4%(95%CI 28.8-30.0), with 7,578 individuals identified as HIV-positive. 1,513(36%) of 4,172 HIV-positive individuals not previously in care linked to trial clinics within 6 months of referral. ART initiation in trial clinics at 3 months was 90.9%(576/634) and 52.3%(332/635) in the intervention and control arms; viral suppression (< 400 copies/mL) 12 months after ART initiation was 94.9%(300/316) and 94.2%(194/206), respectively. Overall ART coverage at entry was 31% and 36% in the intervention and control arms, reaching 41% in both arms by closing date. Repeat DBS tests were available for 13,693 individuals HIV-negative at baseline, yielding 461 seroconversions in 20,833 person-years (PY). HIV incidence was 2.16 per 100 PY (1.88-2.45) in the intervention arm and 2.26 (1.98-2.54) in the control arm (adjusted relative risk: 0.95 [0.82-1.10]). Severe adverse events rates were 3.4%(45/1,323) and 3.5%(57/1,604) in the intervention and control arms. Follow-up will be completed by 06/2016.Conclusions: Our trial shows high acceptance of home-based HIV testing and high levels of viral suppression among individuals on ART. However overall linkage to care remains poor. No reduction in HIV incidence was demonstrated. Several factors are being investigated, including determinants of poor linkage, change in national ART guidelines, migration and geography of sexual networks.

Published
2016

19. Mechanisms of Virologic Failure in Previously Untreated HIV-lnfected Patients From a Trial of Induction-Maintenance Therapy

Author

Descamps, Diane, Flandre, Philippe, Calvez, Vincent, Peytavin, Gilles, Meiffredy, Vincent, Collin, Gilles, Delaugerre, Constance, Robert-Delmas, Sandrine, Bazin, Brigitte, Aboulker, Jean Pierre, Pialoux, Gilles, Raffi, Francois, and Brun-Vezinet, Francoise

Subjects
HIV infection -- Drug therapy, Patient compliance -- Health aspects
Abstract

The failure of AIDS drugs to control HIV infection may be caused by non-compliance or low blood levels of the drug. This was the conclusion of researchers who analyzed various factors among 58 HIV patients who failed treatment. A viral gene mutation for drug resistance was found in many of these patients, but it was also found in many patients whose infection was controlled by the drugs. In many patients, drug levels in the blood were too low to be effective and many patients did not take all their doses.

Published
2000

20. Pore-scale to core-scale study of capillary desaturation curves using multi-scale 3D imaging

Author

Oughanem, Rezki, Youssef, Souhail, Peysson, Yannick, Bazin, Brigitte, Maire, Eric, Vizika-Kavvadias, Olga, Matériaux, ingénierie et science [Villeurbanne] (MATEIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN), Agence nationale de recherches sur le sida et les hépatites virales, ANRS France Recherche Nord & sud Sida-hiv hépatites, and MAIRE, Eric

Subjects
[SPI.MAT] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials
Abstract

International audience; no abstract

Published
2013

28. Good Clinical Practice in Developing Countries: Applying Recommendations

Author

Bompart, François, primary, Hirsch, François, additional, Bertoye, Pierre-Henri, additional, Vray, Muriel, additional, Bazin, Brigitte, additional, Chambon, Jean-François, additional, de Rochegonde, Thierry, additional, Deloron, Philippe, additional, Garenne, Michel, additional, Gersberg, Marta, additional, Guérin, Philippe, additional, Juillet, Yves, additional, Lameyre, Valérie, additional, Leblond, Annie, additional, L’Hadj, Mohamed, additional, Ravinetto, Rafaella, additional, Riveau, Gilles, additional, Schacht, Anne-Marie, additional, Simon, François, additional, Toneatti, Christine, additional, Torreele, Els, additional, and Urfalino, Philippe, additional

Published
2008
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29. Bonnes Pratiques Cliniques dans les pays en développement : recommandations en termes d’application

Author

Bompart, François, primary, Hirsch, François, additional, Bertoye, Pierre-Henri, additional, Vray, Muriel, additional, Bazin, Brigitte, additional, Chambon, Jean-François, additional, de Rochegonde, Thierry, additional, Deloron, Philippe, additional, Garenne, Michel, additional, Gersberg, Marta, additional, Guérin, Philippe, additional, Juillet, Yves, additional, Lameyre, Valérie, additional, Leblond, Annie, additional, L’Hadj, Mohamed, additional, Ravinetto, Rafaella, additional, Riveau, Gilles, additional, Schacht, Anne-Marie, additional, Simon, François, additional, Toneatti, Christine, additional, Torreele, Els, additional, and Urfalino, Philippe, additional

Published
2008
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37. Reduction of Maternal-Infant Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 with Zidovudine Treatment

Author

Connor, Edward M., primary, Sperling, Rhoda S., additional, Gelber, Richard, additional, Kiselev, Pavel, additional, Scott, Gwendolyn, additional, O'Sullivan, Mary Jo, additional, VanDyke, Russell, additional, Bey, Mohammed, additional, Shearer, William, additional, Jacobson, Robert L., additional, Jimenez, Eleanor, additional, O'Neill, Edward, additional, Bazin, Brigitte, additional, Delfraissy, Jean-Francois, additional, Culnane, Mary, additional, Coombs, Robert, additional, Elkins, Mary, additional, Moye, Jack, additional, Stratton, Pamela, additional, and Balsley, James, additional

Published
1995
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40. Evaluation of the impact of immediate versus WHO recommendations-guided antiretroviral therapy initiation on HIV incidence: the ANRS 12249 TasP (Treatment as Prevention) trial in Hlabisa sub-district, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial.

Author

Iwuji, Collins C., Orne-Gliemann, Joanna, Tanser, Frank, Boyer, Sylvie, Lessells, Richard J., Lert, France, Imrie, John, Bärnighausen, Till, Rekacewicz, Claire, Bazin, Brigitte, Newell, Marie-Louise, Dabis, François, and ANRS 12249 TasP Study Group

Subjects
HIGHLY active antiretroviral therapy, HIV infections, AIDS prevention, DRUG resistance in microorganisms, PUBLIC health
Abstract

Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppresses HIV viral load in all body compartments and so limits the risk of HIV transmission. It has been suggested that ART not only contributes to preventing transmission at individual but potentially also at population level. This trial aims to evaluate the effect of ART initiated immediately after identification/diagnosis of HIV-infected individuals, regardless of CD4 count, on HIV incidence in the surrounding population. The primary outcome of the overall trial will be HIV incidence over two years. Secondary outcomes will include i) socio-behavioural outcomes (acceptability of repeat HIV counselling and testing, treatment acceptance and linkage to care, sexual partnerships and quality of life); ii) clinical outcomes (mortality and morbidity, retention into care, adherence to ART, virologic failure and acquired HIV drug resistance), iii) cost-effectiveness of the intervention. The first phase will specifically focus on the trial's secondary outcomes.Methods/design: A cluster-randomised trial in 34 (2 × 17) clusters within a rural area of northern KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), covering a total population of 34,000 inhabitants aged 16 years and above, of whom an estimated 27,200 would be HIV-uninfected at start of the trial. The first phase of the trial will include ten (2 × 5) clusters. Consecutive rounds of home-based HIV testing will be carried out. HIV-infected participants will be followed in dedicated trial clinics: in intervention clusters, they will be offered immediate ART initiation regardless of CD4 count and clinical stage; in control clusters they will be offered ART according to national treatment eligibility guidelines (CD4 <350 cells/μL, World Health Organisation stage 3 or 4 disease or multidrug-resistant/extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis). Following proof of acceptability and feasibility from the first phase, the trial will be rolled out to further clusters.Discussion: We aim to provide proof-of-principle evidence regarding the effectiveness of Treatment-as-Prevention in reducing HIV incidence at the population level. Data collected from the participants at home and in the clinics will inform understanding of socio-behavioural, economic and clinical impacts of the intervention as well as feasibility and generalizability.Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01509508; South African Trial Register: DOH-27-0512-3974. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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41. Development of a checklist of quality indicators for clinical trials in resource-limited countries: The French National Agency for Research on AIDS and Viral Hepatitis (ANRS) experience.

Author

Hanna, Mina, Minga, Albert, Fao, Paulin, Borand, Laurence, Diouf, Assane, Mben, Jean-Marc, Gad, Rita R, Anglaret, Xavier, Bazin, Brigitte, and Chene, Geneviève

Subjects
CLINICAL trials, DEVELOPING countries, EXPERIMENTAL design, VIRAL hepatitis, HIV infections, MEDICAL quality control, RESEARCH funding
Published
2013
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44. Impact of porous medium desiccation during anhydrous CO2 injection in deep saline aquifers: Up scaling from experimental results at laboratory scale to near-well region.

Author

André, Laurent, Azaroual, Mohamed, Peysson, Yannick, and Bazin, Brigitte

Subjects
CARBON sequestration, SALINE solutions, AQUIFERS, WASTE gases, POWER plants, GREENHOUSE gas mitigation, RESERVOIRS
Abstract

Abstract: Injection of CO2 in geological reservoirs or deep aquifers is nowadays studied to regulate the global warming by limiting the amount of greenhouse gases emitted by human activity into the atmosphere. CO2 is captured from exhaust gas in power plants or industrial units and then stored in underground geological reservoirs. The experience available in the oil industry concerning CO2 injection clearly shows that injectivity problems can occur due to several mechanisms like mineral dissolution but also physical alteration due to complete water desaturation of near wellbore through drying. This study presents experimental evaluations of drying of brine in sandstone samples and numerical modelling of the saturation profile evolution with two phase flow model integrating thermal effects. An up scaling/extrapolation of experimental results at laboratory scale to near-well zone is proposed highlighting the key role of injection flow rate and capillary properties on the desiccation mechanisms. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2011
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46. Contraintes &#xE9;thiques des essais cliniques dans les pays en d&#xE9;veloppement: exp&#xE9;rience de l&#x2019;Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le Sida (ANRS) fran&#xE7;aise.

Author

Bazin, Brigitte

Subjects
AIDS, RESEARCH, HEPATITIS, PUBLIC health, DEVELOPING countries
Abstract

Copyright of Therapies is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2004
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47. Temporal trends of population viral suppression in the context of Universal Test and Treat: the ANRS 12249 TasP trial in rural South Africa

Author

Larmarange, Joseph, Diallo, Mamadou H, McGrath, Nuala, Iwuji, Collins, Plazy, Mélanie, Thiébaut, Rodolphe, Tanser, Frank, Bärnighausen, Till, Orne‐Gliemann, Joanna, Pillay, Deenan, Dabis, François, Barnighausen, Till, Herbst, Kobus, Makowa, Thembisa, Naidu, Kevi, Okesola, Nonhlanhla, Oliveira, Tulio, Rochat, Tamsen, Viljoen, Johannes, Zuma, Thembelihle, Balestre, Eric, Dabis, Francois, Karcher, Sophie, Plazy, Melanie, Prague, Melanie, Thiebaut, Rodolphe, Tiendrebeogo, Thierry, Boyer, Sylvie, Donfouet, Hermann, Gosset, Andrea, March, Laura, Protopopescu, Camelia, Spire, Bruno, Calvez, Vincent, Derache, Anne, Marcelin, Anne‐Genevieve, Dray‐Spira, Rosemary, Lert, France, El Farouki, Kamal, Chaix, Marie‐Laure, Bazin, Brigitte, Rekacewicz, Claire, Imrie, John, Lessells, Richard, Newell, Colin, Newell, Marie‐Louise, Calmy, Alexandra, Freedberg, Kenneth, Hontelez, Jan, Larmarange, Joseph, Diallo, Mamadou H, McGrath, Nuala, Iwuji, Collins, Plazy, Mélanie, Thiébaut, Rodolphe, Tanser, Frank, Bärnighausen, Till, Orne‐Gliemann, Joanna, Pillay, Deenan, Dabis, François, Barnighausen, Till, Herbst, Kobus, Makowa, Thembisa, Naidu, Kevi, Okesola, Nonhlanhla, Oliveira, Tulio, Rochat, Tamsen, Viljoen, Johannes, Zuma, Thembelihle, Balestre, Eric, Dabis, Francois, Karcher, Sophie, Plazy, Melanie, Prague, Melanie, Thiebaut, Rodolphe, Tiendrebeogo, Thierry, Boyer, Sylvie, Donfouet, Hermann, Gosset, Andrea, March, Laura, Protopopescu, Camelia, Spire, Bruno, Calvez, Vincent, Derache, Anne, Marcelin, Anne‐Genevieve, Dray‐Spira, Rosemary, Lert, France, El Farouki, Kamal, Chaix, Marie‐Laure, Bazin, Brigitte, Rekacewicz, Claire, Imrie, John, Lessells, Richard, Newell, Colin, Newell, Marie‐Louise, Calmy, Alexandra, Freedberg, Kenneth, and Hontelez, Jan

Abstract

Introduction The universal test‐and‐treat (UTT) strategy aims to maximize population viral suppression (PVS), that is, the proportion of all people living with HIV (PLHIV) on antiretroviral treatment (ART) and virally suppressed, with the goal of reducing HIV transmission at the population level. This article explores the extent to which temporal changes in PVS explain the observed lack of association between universal treatment and cumulative HIV incidence seen in the ANRS 12249 TasP trial conducted in rural South Africa. Methods The TasP cluster‐randomized trial (2012 to 2016) implemented six‐monthly repeat home‐based HIV counselling and testing (RHBCT) and referral of PLHIV to local HIV clinics in 2 × 11 clusters opened sequentially. ART was initiated according to national guidelines in control clusters and regardless of CD4 count in intervention clusters. We measured residency status, HIV status, and HIV care status for each participant on a daily basis. PVS was computed per cluster among all resident PLHIV (≥16, including those not in care) at cluster opening and daily thereafter. We used a mixed linear model to explore time patterns in PVS, adjusting for sociodemographic changes at the cluster level. Results 8563 PLHIV were followed. During the course of the trial, PVS increased significantly in both arms (23.5% to 46.2% in intervention, +22.8, p < 0.001; 26.0% to 44.6% in control, +18.6, p < 0.001). That increase was similar in both arms (p = 0.514). In the final adjusted model, PVS increase was most associated with increased RHBCT and the implementation of local trial clinics (measured by time since cluster opening). Contextual changes (measured by calendar time) also contributed slightly. The effect of universal ART (trial arm) was positive but limited. Conclusions PVS was improved significantly but similarly in both trial arms, explaining partly the null effect observed in terms of cumulative HIV incidence between arms. The PVS gains due to changes in ART‐

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