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BACKGROUND: Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases. At the dental appointment of patients with epilepsy, there are always concerns about the occurrence of sudden unpredictable conditions, in particular, epileptic seizures. AIM: The aim of the study was to study the emotional status of patients with epilepsy during dental surgical interventions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved 164 patients, of which 105 patients with epilepsy (study group) and 59 patients constituted the control group without somatic and mental illnesses. The study group included 14 pharmacoresistant patients and 91 patients in the phase of drug remission. The tests were used to reveal the psychoemotional state of the patients before the surgical dental intervention. RESULTS: In the group of drug-resistant patients, there was an increased level of anxiety and in two cases even a depressive state that required the appointment of psychoactive drugs. The group in medication remission did not differ significantly from the control group in terms of psychoemotional state. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the data obtained, patients with epilepsy from the pharmacoresistant group are recommended to provide anesthesia during dental surgical interventions.

The emission of nanoscale particles from the surfaces of dental implants leads to the cumulative effect of particle complexes in the bone bed and surrounding soft tissues. Aspects of particle migration with the possibility of their involvement in the development of pathological processes of systemic nature remain unexplored. The aim of this work was to study protein production during the interaction of immunocompetent cells with nanoscale metal particles obtained from the surfaces of dental implants in the supernatants. The ability to migrate nanoscale metal particles with possible involvement in the formation of pathological structures, in particular in the formation of gallstones, was also investigated. The following methods were used: microbiological studies, X-ray microtomography, X-ray fluorescence analysis, flow cytometry, electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and multiplex immunofluorescence analysis. For the first time, titanium nanoparticles in gallstones were identified by X-ray fluorescence analysis and electron microscopy with elemental mapping. The multiplex analysis method revealed that the physiological response of the immune system cells, in particular neutrophils, to nanosized metal particles significantly reduced TNF-a production both through direct interaction and through double lipopolysaccharide-induced signaling. For the first time, a significant decrease in TNF-a production was demonstrated when supernatants containing nanoscale metal particles were co-cultured with proinflammatory peritoneal exudate obtained from the peritoneum of the C57Bl/6J inbred mice line for one day.

The paper is devoted to coreferential divergencies between English reflexive pronouns and their antecedents. The comparative analysis also shows that the Armenian counterparts of the English reflexive pronouns are independent linguistic units, used separately from their antecedents. The scale of reflexivity is defined by the extent of affectedness the object undergoes as a result of the action performed by the subject. The scope of affectedness of the object ranges from radical physical changes to zero affect, in which case the subject and the reflexive object display a complete confluence.

The role of metallic nano- and microparticles in the development of inflammation has not yet been investigated. Soft tissue biopsy specimens of the bone bed taken during surgical revisions, as well as supernatants obtained from the surface of the orthopedic structures and dental implants (control), were examined. Investigations were performed using X-ray microtomography, X-ray fluorescence analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. Histological studies of the bone bed tissues were performed. Nanoscale and microscale metallic particles were identified as participants in the inflammatory process in tissues. Supernatants containing nanoscale particles were obtained from the surfaces of 20 units of new dental implants. Early and late apoptosis and necrosis of immunocompetent cells after co-culture and induction by lipopolysaccharide and human venous blood serum were studied in an experiment with staging on the THP-1 (human monocytic) cell line using visualizing cytometry. As a result, it was found that nano- and microparticles emitted from the surface of the oxide layer of medical devices impregnated soft tissue biopsy specimens. By using different methods to analyze the cell–molecule interactions of nano- and microparticles both from a clinical perspective and an experimental research perspective, the possibility of forming a chronic immunopathological endogenous inflammatory process with an autoimmune component in the tissues was revealed.

The purpose of this study was to provide an immuno-mediated substantiation of the etiopathogenesis of mucositis and peri-implantitis based on the results of experimental, laboratory and clinical studies. The biopsy material was studied to identify impregnated nanoscale and microscale particles in the structure of pathological tissues by using X-ray microtomography and X-ray fluorescence analyses. Electron microscopy with energy-dispersive analysis identified the composition of supernatants containing nanoscale metal particles obtained from the surfaces of dental implants. The parameters of the nanoscale particles were determined by dynamic light scattering. Flow cytometry was used to study the effect of nanoscale particles on the ability to induce the activation and apoptosis of immunocompetent cells depending on the particles’ concentrations during cultivation with the monocytic cell line THP-1 with the addition of inductors. An analysis of the laboratory results suggested the presence of dose-dependent activation, as well as early and late apoptosis of the immunocompetent cells. Activation and early and late apoptosis of a monocytic cell line when THP-1 was co-cultured with nanoscale metal particles in supernatants were shown for the first time. When human venous blood plasma was added, both activation and early and late apoptosis had a dose-dependent effect and differed from those of the control groups.

The study of the shoe lining in the drum brake mechanism is of paramount importance to evaluate its wear regularity. Thereto, the computational scheme of the drum brake-shoe mechanism has been designed, the calculation formulae of tangential and radial components of the external points displacement in the lining have been analyzed, by means of which their numerical values have been determined, the diagram of the radial displacements has been designed and compared with descriptors of the wear change along the friction lining, according to which they alter with similar regularities.

Aerogels, having unique properties and good biodegradability, can be used as matrices and be carriers of active pharmaceuticals, which, in turn, suggests the possibility of their wide use in dentistry, in particular in such industries as maxillofacial surgery and surgical dentistry. Thus, aerogels seem to be an ideal material for creating new generation carrier matrices.

FlhDC is a heterohexameric complex that acts as a master regulator of flagellar biosynthesis genes in numerous bacteria. Previous studies have identified a single flhDC operon encoding this complex. However, we found that two flhDC loci are present throughout Paraburkholderia, and two additional flhC copies are also present in Paraburkholderia unamae. Systematic deletion analysis in P. unamae of the different flhDC copies showed that one of the operons, flhDC1, plays the predominant role, with deletion of its genes resulting in a severe inhibition of motility and biofilm formation. Expression analysis using promoter-lacZ fusions and real-time quantitative PCR support the primary role of flhDC1 in flagellar gene regulation, with flhDC2 a secondary contributor. Phylogenetic analysis shows the presence of the flhDC1 and flhDC2 operons throughout Paraburkholderia. In contrast, Burkholderia and other bacteria only carry the copy syntenous with flhDC2. The variations in impact each copy of flhDC has on downstream processes indicate that regulation of FlhDC in P. unamae, and likely other Paraburkholderia species, is regulated at least in part by the presence of multiple copies of these genes. IMPORTANCE Motility is important in the colonization of plant roots by beneficial and pathogenic bacteria, with flagella playing essential roles in host cell adhesion, entrance, and biofilm formation. Flagellar biosynthesis is energetically expensive. Its complex regulation by the FlhDC master regulator is well studied in peritrichous flagella expressing enterics. We report the unique presence throughout Paraburkholderia of multiple copies of flhDC. In P. unamae, the flhDC1 copy showed higher expression and a greater effect on swim motility, flagellar development, and regulation of downstream genes, than the flhDC2 copy that is syntenous to flhDC in Escherichia coli and pathogenic Burkholderia spp. The flhDC genes have evolved differently in these plant-growth-promoting bacteria, giving an additional layer of complexity in gene regulation by FlhDC.

Periodic disease - hereditary disease spreaded among the ancient peoples of the Mediterranean coast. The questionnaire and retrospective analysis of manifestations of periodic disease for patients living in the Russian Federation was composed in the child-maxillofacial department of the MSMSU named after A.I. Evdokimov. The research of medical histories of patients let us notice that every patient needs individual treatment and prophylaxis of frequent attacks. Nowadays Russian pediatricians are poorly informed about the periodic disease. As a consequence, we have detected a large number of mistakes in the diagnosis.

Background. The problem of the treatment of periodontal disease is acute in modern dentistry. The multiplicity of etipathogenetic factors causing the development of periodontitis, malignations associated with the loss of teeth cause the search for new methods of complex therapy of periodontal diseases, including the inclusion of modern laser technologies. Purpose ― comparative assessment of the effect on the regeneration of periodontal tissues of nanosecond laser radiation with a wavelength of 1265 ± 5 nm of traditional photodynamic therapy using morphological and morphometric analysis in an in vivo experiment. Methodology. Modeling of periodontitis in experimental animals was performed using a ligature technique for 7 days. Treatment of periodontitis began with mechanical and drug treatment of pockets, then the animals were divided into three groups. In the first group, a new nanosecond laser device with a wavelength of 1265 ± 5 nm was used for treatment, the second used traditional photodynamic therapy using a chlorine E6 photosensitizer, in the third group until the end of treatment only drug therapy was used. On days 7, 14, 21, a visual assessment of the condition of periodontal tissues in experimental animals, morphological and morphometric analysis were performed. Results. On the 21st day of observation in the main group in the oral cavity, the periodontal regeneration process was completed, in the comparison group there are local pockets of shallow depth with granulation tissue. The morphological study showed that in the main group the number of full blood vessels in the field of view of the microscope at the later stages of treatment is 2.9 times higher than in the comparison group. Conclusions. The results of the study confirmed the need to include laser techniques in the complex therapy of periodontal diseases. The use of new laser technology of nanosecond laser therapy and microsurgery in the treatment of periodontal diseases contributes to shortening the procedure time, shortening the rehabilitation time, and stimulating vascular growth.

Introduction: There is a morphological assessment of the damaged area and the inflammatory response of periodontal tissues after therapy. It seems relevant to evaluate the reaction of the periapical tissues of the teeth of experimental animals after the treatment of simulated apical periodontitis using laser photodynamic therapy (PDT) and non-pigment laser transcanal microablation using morphological research.Methods: The lower incisors of 15 rabbits were used to simulate acute apical periodontitis of pulpal origin. Subsequently, the traditional treatment of teeth canals using mechanical cleaning and irrigation with antiseptic solution started. Then, three groups underwent different therapies - using PDT (n = 5; photosensitizer chlorin e6, [l = 660 nm, 60 mW/cm2 ] for 2 minutes), using a new technology of transcanal laser ablation (n = 5; diode laser [l = 1265 nm, 180 mW/cm2] for 3 minutes), and without additional treatment (n = 5). Laser therapy in two groups was carried out for 10 days once in 2 days. The animals were euthanized 10 days after the treatment started, decapitation was performed, and morphological specimens were studied under a microscope. Descriptive analysis (study of inflammatory apical infiltrate, bone regeneration of the alveoli and periodontal ligament) and quantitative analysis were performed. The data were statistically processed using the KruskalWallis test.Results: The group treated with the new laser technology showed the best results with moderate lymph-macrophage infiltration and congested vessels, moderate neoangiogenesis, and fibrogenesis. The size of the lesion was 506.4 mm2, compared with the PDT group - 872.0 mm2 (P≤0.05).Conclusion: A decrease in the focus of inflammation, moderate neoangiogenesis, and fibrogenesis in the periapical region when using transcanal laser microablation indicates the prospects of using the new technology in clinical practice in the complex therapy of apical periodontitis. DOI:10.34172/jlms.2021.43

Sialendoscopy is a relatively new and progressive procedure that allows endoscopic transluminal visualization of major salivary glands and offers a mechanism for diagnosing and treatment of both inflammatory and obstructive pathology related to the ductal system. Several authors have stressed the striking role of sialendoscopy in prevention of juvenile recurrent parotitis. However, the emerging use of sialendoscopy in juvenile recurrent parotitis has not been critically analysed. The objective of our review is to overview the existing literature with particular regards to diagnostic and therapeutic outcomes after the application of sialendoscopy.Сиалоэндоскоп — относительно новое и перспективное устройство, предназначенное для создания широкого визуального доступа внутри протоковой системы слюнных желез. Некоторые авторы подчеркивают значительную роль сиалоэндоскопии в диагностике и лечении хронического рецидивирующего неспецифического паренхиматозного паротита. Однако в литературе недостаточно данных, доказывающих эффективность применения этого метода в диагностике и лечении хронического паренхиматозного паротита у детей. Именно поэтому целью нашей работы являлся обзор общемирового опыта применения сиалоэндоскопии.