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Background and Design: The aim of this study is to enhance the diagnosis and treatment of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) by comparing clinical, dermoscopic, and pathological features. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included patients from the dermatology clinic between 2012 and 2015 with 111 BCC lesions. Results: The average age for aggressive-type BCC patients was higher. Aggressive-type BCCs were more common on the face. Dermoscopic, gray-blue ovoid nests were more common on the trunk. Pigmented dots were less common on the face, while globules were more frequent on the scalp. Small erosions were more prevalent on the extremities, while shiny white-red structureless areas were more common on the trunk and extremities. Dot vessels were more prevalent on the scalp. Vascular features were more common on the face, whereas pigmented characteristics were less common. Other dermoscopic features were more common on the face and trunk. Arborizing vessels, ulcerations, white crystals, and hairpin vessels were more common in nodular lesions. Other dermoscopic features were more prevalent in nodular lesions. Mixed-type BCCs had more gray-blue ovoid nests and globules, while single-type BCCs had more small erosions. Vascular features were more common in mixed-type BCCs. Ulceration was more common in aggressive BCCs, while small erosions were more prevalent in nonaggressive BCCs. Histopathologically, pigmented BCCs were more common on the scalp and trunk than on the face. Superficial BCCs were more common in trunks and flat lesions. Adenoid BCC was more prevalent in nodular lesions. Scalp mixed-type BCCs were more common and aggressive. Mixed-type BCCs had a higher number of subtypes, including pigmented, infiltrative, adenoid, micronodular, and solid BCCs. Cystic degeneration was more common in mixed-type BCCs. Conclusion: Clinical-pathological correlations and dermoscopic findings improve our understanding of BCC, aiding in accurate diagnosis and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on healthcare workers worldwide, including in dermatology and pathology. Under these conditions, admitted patient numbers, excision/biopsy numbers, and malignant/benign ratios were influenced. This study aimed to analyze the differences in the diagnoses of the radically excised skin tumors or skin biopsies. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed between September 2018 and August 2021. Of the 11,501 total cases, 7602 were established during the non-COVID-19 period (September 2018- March 2020) and 3899 cases were established during the COVID-19 period (March 2020-August 2021). Malignant cases were classified as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and malignant melanoma (MM).Results: During the non-COVID-19 period, 592 (7.8%) out of 7602 cases were malignant; in the COVID-19 period, 439 (11.3%) out of 3899 cases were malignant. However, the total percentages of malignant cases were significantly increased during the COVID-19 period when compared with non-COVID-19 period (p < .001) despite the reduction in the case numbers. When the pre- and post-pandemic periods were compared, a statistically significant difference was found between the number of cases diagnosed with both SCC and BCC (both p < .001). However, for MM, there was no significance (p = .656).Conclusions: Even in pandemics conditions clinicians and pathologists, who are interested in dermatological lesions, should be aware and sensitive about dermatological malignancies. It is also important to raise awareness of the public with more sensitive health policies because any delay during the diagnosis and treatment period may cause fatal consequences or permanent damages for the patients. Keywords: Dermatopathology, COVID-19, Malignant melanoma, Basal cell carcinoma, Squamous cell carcinoma

Copyright of Namık Kemal Tıp Dergisi is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Praxis of Otorhinolaryngology / Kulak Burun Boğaz Uygulamaları is the property of Official Journal of ENT-HNS Society of Istanbul and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of WBC count, NLR, LMR, PLR, Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) [(platelet count X neutrophil count) \ lymphocyte count] and platelet count (Plt)×NLR in the differential diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma and to determine the effect of tumor type, prediction of lymph node metastasis at initial diagnosis and location on these inflammatory markers. Material and Method: Patients who underwent surgery for basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, or malignant melanoma were retrospectively screened. NLR, LMR, PLR, SII and Plt×NLR were calculated. Relationships between tumor type, prediction of lymph node metastasis at initial diagnosis, tumor localization and the inflammatory and hematological parameters of interest were investigated. Tumor location was classified as head and neck and others. Results: A total of 257 patients were included in the study. No statistically significant differences in WBC, NLR, PLR, LMR, SII or Plt×NLR were detected according to tumor location. The patients with squamous cell carcinoma had higher NLR, PRL, SII and Plt×NLR values than those with basal cell carcinoma. The risk of lymph node metastasis at the time of initial diagnosis was 10.3 times higher in patients with PLR levels of 180.7 and higher. The risk of lymph node metastasis detected at initial diagnosis was 8.9 times higher in patients with Plt×NLR of 747 and higher. The risk of lymph node metastasis detected at initial diagnosis was 7.1 times higher in patients with SII of 414 and higher. Conclusion: Inflammatory markers seem to be useful in the differential diagnosis of skin cancers and determined the risk of lymph node metastasis. However, it does not differ according to tumor localization.

Our aim is to perform clinicopathological analysis of premalignant and malignant lesions of the eye and adnexa diagnosed in a tertiary clinic. The files of the patients who underwent surgery and sent specimens to pathology laboratory at Inönü University Faculty ofMedicine, Department of Ophthalmology betweenMarch 2010 and July 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic, clinical and histopathological data of cases with premalignant and malignant lesions were recorded. A total of 136 patients, 64 (47.1%) female and 72 (52.9%) male, were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 73.6±14.7 (11-101) years. Premalignant lesions were detected in 58 patients (42.6%) and malignant lesions were detected in 78 patients (57.4%). The most common premalignant lesions were conjunctival or corneal intraepithelial neoplasia, carcinoma in situ, while the most common malignant lesions were basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and lymphoma. In our clinic, the most commonly diagnosed premalignant lesion of the eyes and adnexa was conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia, and the malignant lesion was basal cell carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To determine the clinical and histopathological characteristics of malignant tumors of the eyelid in terms of our region. Materials and Methods: 120 patients' files who were diagnosed with malignant eyelid tumor and followed up between January 2018 and September 2021 were scanned retrospectively in our clinic. Demographic and clinical characteristics, clinical and histopathological diagnoses, methods and follow-up results in surgical cases were recorded from the patients' files. Excisional biopsy material was obtained in all patients who underwent surgery. Results: 120 cases were included in the study. 54 (45%) of the patients were male and 66 (55%) were female. The mean age was 62.5 (35-80) years. The mean follow-up term was 20,4 months (3-36 months) for all cases. In 80% (n=96) of malignant eyelid tumors, clinical preliminary diagnosis and histopathological examination results were found to be compatible. Preoperative clinical diagnosis and postoperative histopathological diagnosis differed in 24 cases (20%). The recurrence rate was found to be 3% in all of our patients. The recurrence rates were 2% in Basal Cell Carcinoma cases and 5% in Squamous Cell Carcinoma cases. Considering the location of the tumors, 80 patients had left eyelid involvement and 40 patients had right eyelid involvement. Conclusions: Surgical excision and histopathological examination in malignant eyelid tumors are the most accurate and reliable options as they provide both diagnosis and treatment at the same time. When a malignant eyelid tumor is suspected, patients should be referred to an oculoplastic surgeon experienced in ocular oncology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Design: Malignant skin tumors have been reported in patients using hydroxyurea (HU) for hematological disorders. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of precancerous skin lesions and malignant skin tumors in association with long-term HU therapy. Materials and Methods: Records of consecutive patients diagnosed with precancerous and cancerous skin lesions during HU therapy in a single dermatology department between 2008 and 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Among 13 patients (mean age: 66.5 years) treated with HU for five different hematological diseases, 11 had used HU >5 years, whereas the time was shorter in the other two patients. The period between HU treatment initiation and the appearance of the first lesion was approximately 9-10 years. Actinic keratosis (AKs) were found in two patients, non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) accompanied by AKs in seven patients, and only NMSCs in four patients. Melanoma was seen in a patient with NMSCs and AKs. In total, 12 basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), 12 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), and one melanoma were diagnosed. The superficial type was the most common type of BCCs, followed by the nodular type. NMSCs were located mainly on the face, followed by the scalp, neck, and extensor surfaces of the upper extremities. Conclusion: The results of this large series support the possibility of the relationship between UV-induced skin cancer and HU therapy. SCCs and BCCs showed equal incidence in the present study in contrast to some previous reports, and different BCC types may occur in these patients. As many patients have more than one malignant skin tumor, protective measures against sunlight, which is another inducing factor for these tumors, and a long-term follow-up, should not be ignored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate BAP1, OGT and YY1 genes and protein levels in 12 samples (8 males, 4 females) of eyelid tumor tissue with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and 12 normal control subjects (8 males, 4 females).

Copyright of Firat Universitesi Sağlik Bilimleri Tip Dergisi is the property of Firat Universitesiu, Saglik Bilimleri Enstitusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acibadem Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Acibadem University Medical School and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused delays in the diagnosis and treatment of some oncological diseases. This study aimed to reveal the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the frequency of diagnosis of non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) and the demographic characteristics of patients. Material and Methods: Patients aged over 18 years, who were histopathologically diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) or squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) between March 12, 2019 and March 11, 2021 were included in the study. The demographic characteristics of these patients, the number of total skin biopsies, and the number of BCC and SCC biopsies were compared between the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods, based on the date of March 12, 2020, when the pandemic measures began to be implemented in Turkey. Results: With the pandemic, there was a 26.7% decrease in the total skin biopsies and a 21% decrease in the total NMSC biopsies. Despite a 34% decrease in the number of biopsies for the diagnosis of BCC, a 15.8% increase was observed in the number of biopsies for the diagnosis of SCC. The frequency of excisional biopsies was observed to increase among the patients with BCC and SCC during the pandemic period (p=0.004 and p=0.001, respectively). Conclusion: The number of total skin biopsies and total NMSC biopsies significantly decreased during the pandemic period. The health system should be reorganized to effectively handle pandemics and similar crisis periods, and new strategies should be determined regarding patient education, early diagnosis, and treatment approaches for NMSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Biochemistry / Turk Biyokimya Dergisi is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of MN Opthalmology / MN Oftalmoloji is the property of Medical Network and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To evaluate long term outcomes of reconstruction techniques used for full thickness defects of upper and lower eyelids. Material and Method: Patients who had undergone reconstruction for full thickness eyelid defects were evaluated retrospectively. Partial thickness defects, defects which were less than 1/3 of the total size of the eyelid, and defects which could be repaired primarily without flap were excluded from the study. Surgical borders were excised with negative margins in malignant tumors. Reconstruction methods were performed according to the size and localization of eyelid defects. Demographic characteristics of patients, etiologies, reconstruction methods, sizes of the defects, pathology reports, follow-up times, postoperative complications, tumor recurrence, and surgical outcomes were recorded. Patients were evaluated for surgical outcomes, complications and tumor recurrence. Results: Eighty-four eyes of eighty-two patients were included in the study. The mean age was 67.5±13.5 years. The mean follow-up time was 21.2±14.6 (3-80) months. Reconstruction of lower eyelid was perfomed in 63 (75%) patients, upper eyelid in 18 (21.4%) patients and both lower and upper eyelid in 3 (3.6%) patients. Basal cell carcinoma was diagnosed in 65.4% (n=55) of patients. Reconstruction was performed using only flap in 74 (88.1%) patients and flap and graft in 10 (11.9%) patients. Among 15 (17.9%) patients with complications, 5 (5.9%) underwent secondary surgery. Cosmetic and functional outcomes were satisfactory in 95.2% and 96.4% of patients, respectively. Tumor recurrence was not observed during follow- up. Conclusion: In the full thickness defects of upper and lower eyelids, good functional and cosmetic outcomes can be achived using proper reconstruction methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Izmir Katip Celebi University Faculty of Health Sciences Journal / İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Izmir Katip Celebi University, Faculty of Health Sciene Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Türkiye Klinikleri Journal of Ophthalmology is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Our aim in this study is to define the histopathological subtypes, body site distribution, and incidence rates of single or multiple of BCCs. The study is conducted on patients from a single institution in Istanbul which has a migrant-receiving population reflecting that of the country overall. Method: We retrospectively analyzed data concerning 896 cases of BCC seen between 2014 and 2018. Data about patient demographics (age and sex), tumor diameter, its anatomic localization, histological type, presence of ulceration, lymphovascular/perineural invasion, and single or multiple tumor formations were retrieved from both the hospital's automated system and archived records of the pathology clinic. Results: Our univariate analysis showed that the patients' age, tumor size, and tumor multicentricity were all significantly related to their gender (p=0.011, p=0.001, and p=0.021, respectively). Further, age, male gender, and tumor size were all significantly related to tumor multicentricity (p=0.003, p=0.021, and p=0.001, respectively). BCC was most commonly found in male, and the diameters of the BCC tumors were also larger in male patients. Multiple BCC was more frequently seen in older and male patients, and the tumors had larger diameters in these groups. The nodular type of BCC was the most frequently seen type in all age groups. Conclusion: As our study is the first BCC study that has the greatest number of cases in Turkey and as Istanbul reflects the population of Turkey, it is important for the data of BCC cases in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin cancer. The gold standard therapy is surgery in the treatment of BCC. The recommended surgical method is Mohs micrographic surgery, as it provides the highest cure rates in high-risk BCC in terms of recurrence. It is well known that certain drugs such as aspirin, warfarin and clopidogrel cause bleeding complications during dermatologic surgery. In contrast, it is not well known to have bleeding side effects similar to these drugs. Herein, we present ibrutinib-associated hematoma and ecchymosis in a patient with BCC who underwent Mohs micrographic surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The major factor for developing malignant skin cancers is sunlight exposure. This study aimed to evaluate the demographics of patients with skin cancers who underwent surgery in Diyarbakır where the population is exposed to more sunlight than most other Turkish cities. Methods: The medical records of patients who underwent surgery for malignant skin cancer excision between 2011 and 2016 were searched using University Hospital's patient database program. Data about patients' demographics, cancer features, and the surgical techniques performed were collected. Results: Over a 5-year period, 190 patients underwent surgical excision. The male to female ratio was 1.56, and the mean age was 65.8 ± 15.7 (range, 20-94) years. The most common skin cancer was basal cell carcinoma (n=138, 72.7%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (n=45, 23.7%) and malignant melanoma (n=5, 2.6%). The most common surgery was primary excision, which was performed in 90 of 190 patients (47.36%); tissue reconstruction with a skin graft or flap surgery was required for the remaining 100 (52.63%), showing a significant difference (p<0.001). Conclusion: Basal cell carcinoma is the most common skin cancer, and less than half of the patients sought treatment immediately after they recognized the lesion. The public should be educated about skin cancers to increase early diagnosis and encourage timely treatment, thereby decreasing morbidity and mortality from skin cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we describe an extended variant of the traditional nasolabial flap, utilized for coverage of a complex nasal tip and columella defect originated after basal cell carcinoma excision in a polymorbid elder patient. Although not the standard option for nasal tip coverage, the extended nasolabial flap proves to be an appropriate choice in the context of elder and polymorbid patients, achieving satisfactory results with a reduced surgical time and a simple technique. Therefore, in certain patients with large nasal tip defects with scars that impair the use of the paramedian forehead flap, or that reject the use of the forehead as donor site, or in cases of patients that require oxygen masks, the extended nasolabial flap could be the technique of choice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BBazal hücreli karsinom (BHK) sıklıkla güneşe maruz kalan yerlerde görülür ancak nadiren vulva gibi atipik lokalizasyonlarda da bildirilmiştir. Vulvar yerleşimde etyolojide özellikle enfeksiyonlar, kronik irritasyon, radyasyon ve kronik arsenik maruziyeti düşünülmüştür. Çok yavaş büyüyen bu tümörlerde uzak metastaz oldukça nadirdir. 75 yaşında yüz ve saçlı deride BHK'ları sebebiyle operasyonu kabul etmediği için kriyoterapi ve topikal imikimod kombinasyonu ile takip ettiğimiz kadın hastanın vulvada gelişen ülsere nodülü BHK ile uyumlu olarak geldi. Burada iki farklı anatomik bölgede, arsenik veya radyasyon gibi tetikleyicilere maruziyet öyküsü olmadan BHK lezyonlarının gelişmesi BHK yayılımında primer inokülasyonun rolü olabileceğini düşündürmüştür.

Bazal hücreli kanser (BHK), beyaz ırkın en yaygın görülen deri tümörüdür. Nodüler, pigmente, süperfisyel ve morfeiform olarak bilinen başlıca dört tipi vardır. En sık nodüler tip görülür. Rozasenin son evresi olan rinofima, sebase glandüler yapı, konnektif doku ve kan damarlarının progresif hipertrofisi ile oluşur. Bununla birlikte fibrozis, foliküler tıkanma ve telenjektazi de gözlenir. Rinofima premalign olarak bilinmemesine rağmen, rinofima zemininde gelişen maligniteler bu ilişkiyi düşündürmektedir. BHK, Skuamöz hücreli kanser (SHK), anjiyosarkom ve sebase karsinom gibi maligniteler rinofimayla eş zamanlı ya da taklitçi olarak bildirilmiştir. Burada 83 yaşında burun üzerinde rinofima benzeri BHK ile başvuran bir vaka sunularak dikkatli muayenenin önemi ve şüpheli alanlarda tanısal biyopsinin gerekliliği vurgulanmıştır.

Aim: We investigated demographic features, tumor location and histopathology as well as frequency of recurrence of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in patients in Milas region. Methods: Medical files of 120 patients with the diagnosis of NMSC, who attended the dermatology department at Milas State Hospital between 2011 and 2014, were analyzed retrospectively. Statistical analysis was performed by evaluating demographic characteristics (age, gender, tumor initial age), alcohol consumption, smoking habits, occupation, Fitzpatrick skin type (FT), location of lesions, tumor histopathology and recurrence frequency. Results: The average age at admission was 65.2 years. Male/female ratio was equal and the number of females with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) was higher than that of males, while squamous cell cancer was more common in men. 88.3% of the lesions involved the head and neck region. The most common location was the nose (19.7%), followed by eye and ear region. 70.8% of patients had FT 1 and 2 and 70% had light eye color. There were more than one lesion in five patients and recurrence was observed in 15 of the patients. The most common histopathologic type was nodular, followed by infiltrative and superficially spreading BCC. Almost all of our patients were active farmers. Conclusion: During the three-year follow-up period, NMSCs were reported to have a high rate of frequency and recurrence. We believe that skin cancers constitute an important health problem for this town and this can grow unless necessary measures are taken. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gorlin-Goltz syndrome is a rare multisystemic disease inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. It is characterized by numerous basal cell carcinoma of the skin, jaw cysts, and skeletal anomalies such as frontal bossing, vertebral anomalies, palmoplantar pits, and falx cerebri calcification. There is a tendency to tumors including medullablastoma, fibroma, rabdomyoma, leiomyosarcoma etc.. The diagnosis is based on major and minor clinical and radiologic criteria. Early diagnosis and treatment are of utmost importance in reducing the severity of longterm sequelae of this syndrome. In this article, we present a 15-year-old boy who was admitted to our clinic with brown-black papules and plaques on his scalp and was thought to have Gorlin-Goltz syndrome. He had a history of medulloblastoma that was treated with surgical resection followed by cranial radiotherapy and unilateral retinoblastoma. We present this case, because association of Gorlin-Goltz syndrome and retinoblastoma has not been described previously in the literature and we aimed to draw attention to radiation-induced basal cell carcinomas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: As the frequency of skin cancers continues to increase, the aim of this study was to determine the incidence of precancerous and cancerous skin lesions diagnosed and treated during 2016 at the dermatology outpatient clinics of 3 private hospitals in 3 cities in Turkey. Methods: All of the patients who presented at 3 outpatient clinics located in the Marmara and Anatolian regions of Turkey in 2016 were retrospectively evaluated. Patients with precancerous and cancerous skin lesions were identified via the relevant International Classification of Diseases code, and sociodemographic and clinical features were obtained from their medical records. Results: Among the 21,085 patients who presented at the 3 study centers, there were 81 cases of precancerous or cancerous skin lesions. The annual combined incidence of precancerous and cancerous skin lesions was 0.38%. The incidence of precancerous lesions (n=58) was 0.27%, while it was 0.11% (n=23) for cancerous lesions. Conclusion: The prevalence of precancerous and cancerous skin lesions is increasing worldwide. The results of this study were consistent with the findings previously detected in this country and worldwide. This study included patients from only 2 regions of Turkey, but the findings could be used as a reference for dermatology outpatient clinics located in second level healthcare facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a locally aggressive tumor characterized by basal cell proliferation, superficial spreading, and it is rarely metastatic. It occurs particularly in the head and neck area and is rarely diagnosed in the temporal region. A type of BCC called pigmented BCC is rarely seen in the temporal region. While it is not an aggressive variant of BCC, pigmented lesions and malignant melanoma need to be considered in the differential diagnosis because of the production of pigment. In this article, we describe a 47-year-old female patient who presented with bloody otorrhea and ear itchiness and was diagnosed with pigmented BCC from a biopsy taken from the external auditory canal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collision tumor refers to two or more different neoplasms within the same lesion. This tumor was considered to be coincidental, or formed as a response to epithelial and stromal changes developed in one of these tumors. Collision tumors of the skin are very rarely seen. We present herein a 48-year-old woman with a nodular lesion on the nose. The histological examination showed the presence of a collision tumor with keratoacanthoma-like squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma developed in the same lesion. The first tumor was composed of deeply infiltrated solid squamous cell islands with keratinization. At the bottom of the keratoacanthoma-like areas, there were malign tumor with keratinized squamous cell islands with invasion to the dermis. Adjacent to this area, basal cell islands demonstrating peripheral palisading row of cells. So, we evaluated it as a collision tumor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this report, we describe two cases of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), one of them is on the lower lip and the other is on the popliteal area. A 45-year-old male patient with an unhealed wound on the lower lip and a 38-year-old male patient with an unhealed wound over the popliteal skin were admitted to our clinic. There was no sun exposure and trauma in their medical history. A biopsy was taken from each case. The results were BCC in two patients. BCC is usually seen in the head and neck regions, but it may be also localized in rare areas such as the lower lip and lower extremity. These unpredictable areas should be considered for tumor surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Basal cell carcinomas (BCC) are tumors arising from pluripotent stem cells of the epidermis or hair follicles. There are many histological subtypes such as clear cell, a rare variant, and they have the capacity to differentiate towards distinct directions such as neuroendocrine differentiation (NED). An 81-year-old female patient presented with a mass on the lateral side of the right eyebrow. Excisional biopsy was performed. Histopathologic examination revealed clear cell BCC with prominent rosette-like structures suggesting NED. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were positive for chromogranin and CD56. This is the first reported case of clear cell basal carcinoma with NED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Design: Micrographic surgery is an intraoperative microscope-controlled surgery which aims at the excision of the entire tumor by achieving 100% control of the surgical margins with horizontal sectioning. In micrographic surgery, the healthy skin is preserved maximally due to the stepwise excision of the tumor using narrow margins. Due to its highest cure rates and maximal tissue preserving properties, it is the treatment of choice for high-risk non-melanoma skin cancers. Micrographic surgery is not routinely included in the dermatologic surgical procedures in Turkey. The aim of this study was to provide the availability of micrographic surgery for selected patients. Materials and Methods: During 2010-2015, 116 non-melanoma skin cancers that belong to 102 patients (53 male, 49 female) were treated with micrographic surgery. All tumors were located on the head or neck, and exhibiting at least one high-risk factor for recurrence. Micrographic surgery was performed with the Munich method between 2010 and 2013, and with Mohs surgery between 2013 and 2015. Results: The mean age of patients was 65.86±12.33 years (range: 33-90 years). The localization of the tumors was the head (n=112) and the neck (n=4). The number of micrographic surgery sessions to eliminate the tumor was 1 session for 55 (47.41%), 2 sessions for 55, and more than 2 sessions for 8 (6.89%) of the tumors. Six of the defects were left for secondary intention healing, 31 were repaired primarily and 13 defects were repaired with full thickness skin grafts whereas 66 were repaired with flaps. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that microscopic eradication of non-melanoma skin cancer necessitates more than one session for more than half of the cases, illuminating that microscopic extension of non-melanoma skin cancer beyond clinically apparent tumor is very likely. The results support that for tumors located on the head and neck where healthy skin should be preserved maximally for functional and cosmetic reasons, the use of micrographic surgery is a necessity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A considerable number of dermatolologist in Turkey perform standard surgical excision of non-melanoma skin cancer and repair the defects functionally and cosmetically. It is possible to appropriately treat most basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) with standard excision and even with curettage and electrodessication. However, for a group of patients at high risk of recurrence, standard excision cannot provide the desired oncologic cure rates. In order to increase the possibility of oncologic cure, it is recommended that high risk BCCs and SCCs should be excised with larger than 4-6 mm safety margins. On the other hand the most common localization for BCCs and SCCs are the face, and using safety margins larger than 4-6 mm on the face might contradict with the principles of tissue-preserving surgical approach. A more unfavorable situation is that the oncologic cure rates remain below 80% for high-risk BCC and SCC even after standard excisions with safety margins of wider than 4-6 mm. The goal of Mohs micrographic surgery is complete tumor removal with maximum preservation of healthy tissue.. Mohs micrographic surgery is a staged surgery that enables 100% assessment of the entire lateral and deep surgical margins microscopically in minutes after excision with horizontally cut frozen sections for residual cancer. Thus, it increases the oncologic cure rate especially for a certain group of patients with high-risk BCC and SCC. The aim of this paper was to review the Mohs technique, the most thorough method for treating BCC and SCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Dermatology / Turk Dermatoloji Dergisis is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has reported that enough evidence from human and animal researches are validated to accept ultraviolet (UV) radiation as a human carcinogen. Ultraviolet radiation is an important toxic environmental agent but it does not penetrate under skin. Lifelong, human skin is exposed to UV. Chronic UV exposure leads to accumulation of oncogenic potential and development of skin cancer in later years. Squamous cell carcinoma, one of the three most common skin cancers is directly related to solar radiation. Lesions appear at sun-exposed sites and the risk of development of malignancy is related with cumulative exposure. On the other hand, malign melanoma and basal cell carcinoma seems to be related with intermittant but high dose solar exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Non melanoma skin cancer is the most common cancer in the world that seen more in the geriatric population. We aimed to evaluate the incidence, relationship of gender and location of patients with lesions of head and neck Non melanoma skin cancer who were in geriatric group and aged under 65 years. Materials and Method: The study included 150 patients diagnosed with non-melanoma skin cancer and operated in Antalya Serik State Hospital between years 2008 - 2013. The patients were separated into 2 groups according to their age (<65 and ≥65 ). Retrospective evaluation was made in respect of age, gender, lesion's location and pathological diagnosis. Results: There were 84 (56.0%) males and 66 (44.0%) females (Mean age= 65.51 years). Most patients were in the 6th (n=47) and 7th (n=46) decade of life. Of the 117 patients with diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma, 69 were in the geriatric group and 48 were in the other group and of the 33 patients with diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma, 22 were in the geriatric group and 11 were in the other group. In the geriatric group, basal cell carcinoma was observed at a higher rate in females and squamous cell carcinoma in males. Non melanoma skin cancer was seen more often on the nose in females and with a lower lip and auricular location in males. Conclusion: This study, along with the studies that would be conducted in the future in other regions of Turkey, will be useful in determining demographic and geographical characteristics of non melanoma skin cancer that will help in management of these types of cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Dermatology / Turk Dermatoloji Dergisis is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Dermatology / Turk Dermatoloji Dergisis is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Both CXCR-4 and COX-2 are biological markers that play, a significant role in several neoplastic processes. We explored the differences in expression of these markers in certain subtypes of basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinomas in general. Material and Method: In this study, we investigated the differences between 38 patients with basal cell carcinoma (nodular, infiltrative and micro-nodular subtypes) and 24 patients with well-differentiated squamous cell carcinomas with respect to their depth of invasion, tumor location, age, and CXCR-4 and COX-2 expression. Results: Statistically, we found no significant difference between squamous cell carcinomas and basal cell carcinoma in terms of CXCR-4 and COX-2 expression; however, the degree of marker expression became stronger with increasing depth of invasion in both tumors. The expression of both markers was also higher in infiltrative type basal cell carcinoma compared to all the other subtypes. The results were statistically significant (p<0.05). Additionally, a significantly positive correlation also existed between COX2 and CXCR4 expression (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The degree of expression of CXCR-4 and COX-2 is related to invasiveness in both malignancies; thus, infiltrative type of basal cell carcinoma displays the highest degree of CXCR-4 and COX-2 expression among all the subtypes. Furthermore, our results indicate that these two biological markers may both be involved in the process of carcinogenesis and require investigation with further molecular and genetic studies in larger series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Dermatology / Turk Dermatoloji Dergisis is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Treatment of malignant eyelid tumors have different properties according to histological diagnosis, assessment of tumor margins and local or systemic spread. Chances of success in the treatment of malignant tumors of the eyelids are high only when the right procedures through which all tumor cells are eradicated with the condition that the role of protecton of ocular surface of the eyelids are functional. The aim of this review is to scrutinize the current treatment of malignant eyelid tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the patients with non-squamous cell type of vulvar cancer who were treated in our clinic within 21 years. Materials and Methods: We assessed the data of 14 patients who were treated for non-squamous cancer of the vulva between January 1992 and August 2013. The age of patients, histopathological diagnosis of the tumor, tumor size, tumor location, medical or surgical treatment, response to the treatment, recurrence, and survival rates were analyzed. Results: The mean age of the patients was 53 years. The main complaint was vulvar pruritus (71%). Mean tumor size was 2.4 cm (range: 0.5-6 cm). In 65% of cases, the tumor was localized in the labia majora. The histopathologic diagnosis of the patients was as follows: malignant melanoma in 5 patients, basal cell carcinoma in 5 patients, mucinous type adenocarcinoma in 2 patients, apocrine gland carcinoma in one patients, and malign peripheral nerve sheath tumor in 1 patient. For 11 patients, surgery was the primary treatment. Radical vulvectomy and bilateral inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy were performed in 8 patients. Local excision alone without lymphadenectomy was performed in other 3 patients. Five of eight patients (62.5%), who undergone radical surgery, had lymph node metastases. Of these 5 patients, two had bilateral lymph node metastasis. Mean follow-up time was 49.2 months (range 12 to 72 months). Eight (57.1%) patients had suffered first recurrence. In those patients, the mean time to recurrence was 19.5 months (range, 6-48 months). Conclusion: Non-squamous cell vulvar cancer is a rare disease and comprises a heterogeneous group of tumors. Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive one. Multicenter prospective studies are necessary in order to standardize the treatment of these rare tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Dermatology / Turk Dermatoloji Dergisis is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The lips are important anatomic structures which have vital and social functions such as eating, drinking, phonation, speaking, kissing and expressing emotions. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common histopathological type of lip cancer. Sun exposure, smoking, and chronic irritation have an important role in the etiopathogenesis. Lip cancers constitute a serious health problem and their treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach. The operability status of patients, comorbid disease and patient expectations, tumor stage, location, size, depth and characteristics should be carefully evaluated while planning the treatment of these cancers. The purpose of this article is to present contemporary treatment modalities in cancers of the lip, tumor staging and treatment planning, analysis of lip defects related to surgery, major principles and techniques of lip reconstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]