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BACKGROUND: During the 2020/2021 winter, the labour market was under the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Changes in socioeconomic resources during this period could have influenced individual mental health. This association may have been mitigated or exacerbated by subjective risk perceptions, such as perceived risk of getting infected with SARS-CoV-2 or perception of the national economic situation. Therefore, we aimed to determine if changes in financial resources and employment situation during and after the second COVID-19 wave were prospectively associated with depression, anxiety and stress, and whether perceptions of the national economic situation and of the risk of getting infected modified this association. METHODS: One thousand seven hundred fifty nine participants from a nation-wide population-based eCohort in Switzerland were followed between November 2020 and September 2021. Financial resources and employment status were assessed twice (Nov2020-Mar2021, May-Jul 2021). Mental health was assessed after the second measurement of financial resources and employment status, using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). We modelled DASS-21 scores with linear regression, adjusting for demographics, health status, social relationships and changes in workload, and tested interactions with subjective risk perceptions. RESULTS: We observed scores above thresholds for normal levels for 16% (95%CI = 15-18) of participants for depression, 8% (95%CI = 7-10) for anxiety, and 10% (95%CI = 9-12) for stress. Compared to continuously comfortable or sufficient financial resources, continuously precarious or insufficient resources were associated with worse scores for all outcomes. Increased financial resources were associated with higher anxiety. In the working-age group, shifting from full to part-time employment was associated with higher stress and anxiety. Perceiving the Swiss economic situation as worrisome was associated with higher anxiety in participants who lost financial resources or had continuously precarious or insufficient resources. CONCLUSION: This study confirms the association of economic stressors and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic and highlights the exacerbating role of subjective risk perception on this association.

OBJECTIVES: Studies seeking direct estimates of the lung cancer risk associated with residential radon exposure lasting several decades have been conducted in many European countries. Individually these studies have not been large enough to assess moderate risks reliably. Therefore data from all 13 European studies of residential radon and lung cancer satisfying certain prespecified criteria have been brought together and analyzed. METHODS: Data were available for 7148 persons with lung cancer and 14,208 controls, all with individual smoking histories and residential radon histories determined by long-term radon gas measurements. RESULTS: The excess relative risk of lung cancer per 100 Bq/m3 increase in the observed radon concentration was 0.08 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.03-0.16; P=0.0007] after control for confounding. The dose-response relationship was linear with no evidence of a threshold, and it remained significant when only persons with observed radon concentrations of

National audience; Amongst medical exams requiring ionizing radiation, computed tomography (CT) scans are used more frequently, including in children. These CT examinations are associated with absorbed doses that are much higher than those associated with conventional radiology. In comparison to adults, children have a greater sensitivity to radiation and a longer life span with more years at cancer risks. Five epidemiological studies on cancer risks after CT scan exposure during childhood were published between 2012 and 2015. The results of these studies are consistent and show an increase of cancer risks in children who have been exposed to several CT scans. However, methodological limits due to indication bias, retrospective assessment of radiation exposure from CT scans and lack of statistical power are to be taken into consideration. International projects such as EPI-CT (Epidemiological study to quantify risks for pediatric computerized tomography and to optimize dose), with a focus on dosimetric reconstruction and minimization of bias will provide more precise results. In the meantime, available results reinforce the necessity of justification and optimization of doses. © 2015 Société Française du Cancer.

Cardiac catheterisation has become an essential tool in the diagnosis and treatment of children with a wide variety of congenital and acquired forms of cardiovascular disease. Despite the clear clinical benefit to the patient, radiation exposure from paediatric cardiac catheterisation procedures (CCPs) may be substantial. Given children's greater sensitivity to radiation and the longer life span during which radiation health effects can develop, an epidemiological cohort study, named Coccinelle or 'Ladybird' (French acronym for 'Cohorte sur le risque de cancer après cardiologie interventionnelle pédiatrique'), is carried out in France to evaluate the risks of leukaemia and solid cancers in this population. A total number of 8000 included children are expected. Individual CCP-related doses will be assessed for each child included in the cohort. For each CCP performed, dosimetric parameters (dose-area product, fluoroscopy time and total number of cine frames) are retrieved retrospectively. Organ doses, especially to the lung, the oesophagus and the thyroid, are calculated with PCXMC software. The cohort will be followed up through linkage with French paediatric cancer registries.

Given the increased radiosensitivity of children, our aim is to evaluate the risk of solid cancer and leukaemia associated with long-term medical exposure received during childhood. Two cohort studies were performed by the Laboratory of epidemiology, Institute of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN). The first one, the "Cohort Child Scanner" includes all children born after 01/01/1995 and exposed to ionising radiation during medical scans performed between 2000 and 2013. The other one focuses on children exposed to ionising radiation during interventional cardiology procedures before the age of 10 years between 2000 and 2013. For each cohort, a retrospective assessment of individual exposure will be conducted by the Medical Radiation Protection Expertise Unit of the IRSN. A passive follow-up in terms of solid cancer and leukaemia will be carried out using data from paediatric cancer registries and from mortality data. The "Cohort Child Scanner" consists of over 80 000 children and is part of the European project EPI-CT, which will gather data from 9 national cohorts. The cohort of children in interventional cardiology will include more than 8 000 children. These cohort studies, with extended follow-up, will contribute to the assessment of the health impact of radiation exposure received during childhood. © 2012 EDP Sciences.; Abstract Given the increased radiosensitivity of children, our aim is to evaluate the risk of solid cancer and leukaemia associated with long-term medical exposure received during childhood. Two cohort studies were performed by the Laboratory of epidemiology, Institute of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN). The first one, the “Cohort Child Scanner” includes all children born after 01/01/1995 and exposed to ionising radiation during medical scans performed between 2000 and 2013. The other one focuses on children exposed to ionising radiation during interventional cardiology procedures before the age of 10 years between 2000 and 2013. For each cohort, a retrospective assessment of individual exposure will be conducted by the Medical Radiation Protection Expertise Unit of the IRSN. A passive follow-up in terms of solid cancer and leukaemia will be carried out using data from paediatric cancer registries and from mortality data. The “Cohort Child Scanner” consists of over 80 000 children and is part of the European project EPI-CT, which will gather data from 9 national cohorts. The cohort of children in interventional cardiology will include more than 8 000 children. These cohort studies, with extended follow-up, will contribute to the assessment of the health impact of radiation exposure received during childhood. Key words: epidemiology / radiation / children / medical exposure / cancer © EDP Sciences, 2012 Table of Contents Article AbstractPDF (210.6 KB)References Metrics Show article metrics Services Same authors - Google Scholar - EDP Sciences database - PubMed Recommend this article Send to my Kindle Download citation Related Articles L’optimisation avec réduction de l’exposition du patient lors des procédures en scanographie TDM/TAP : cas des patients cancéreux au nord du Maroc Radioprotection 2018, 53(2), 115–122

National audience; The question of the risk of cancer associated with postnatal diagnostic medical exposure involving ionizing radiation in childhood is particularly relevant at the moment given the growing use of diagnostic examinations, especially computed tomography scans, in children. Compared to adults, pediatric patients are more sensitive to radiation and have more years of life expectancy and therefore more years at risk of cancer occurrence as compared to adults. This paper provides a description of diagnostic x-ray exposure in children in France and summarizes epidemiologic studies on subsequent risk of cancer. Overall, this review, based on 12 case-control studies and 6 cohort studies, shows no significant association between exposure to medical diagnostic radiation exposure and childhood cancer risk. The methodological limitations of these studies are discussed. As the expected cancer risks are low, epidemiological studies require very large sample sizes and long periods of follow-up in addition to a good dosimetry assessment to enable quantitative risk estimation. New cohort studies of young patients who underwent CT scans are currently underway within the European EPI-CT project. In the meantime, continued efforts to reduce doses and the number of radiological examinations in children are needed, including adhering to the " as long as reasonably achievable" (Alara) principle. © 2011 Elsevier Masson SAS.; La question du risque de cancer associé à l’exposition médicale à visée diagnostique pendant l’enfance est particulièrement pertinente face à l’utilisation croissante des examens radiologiques, notamment des scanners, en pédiatrie. Les enfants représentent en effet une population particulièrement sensible aux rayonnements ionisants, caractérisée par une radiosensibilité de certains tissus accrue par rapport à celle des adultes et une espérance de vie longue, avec pour conséquence une probabilité plus élevée de développer un cancer. Cet article dresse un bilan de l’exposition des enfants aux rayonnements ionisants liée aux actes de diagnostic médical en France et propose une synthèse des études épidémiologiques sur le risque de cancer à long terme. Au total, à partir des résultats de 12 études cas–témoins et 6 études de cohortes analysées dans cette revue, il n’a pas été mis en évidence d’association significative entre l’exposition médicale à visée diagnostique pendant l’enfance et le risque de cancer. Les limites méthodologiques de ces études sont discutées. Le risque de cancer attendu étant faible, seules des études de grande taille, avec une longue période de suivi et des données dosimétriques de qualité seront capables de le mettre en évidence. Des études de cohortes portant sur plusieurs milliers de patients exposés au scanner pendant l’enfance sont actuellement en cours dans le cadre du projet européen EPI-CT. Parallèlement, la poursuite des efforts pour réduire les doses et le nombre des examens radiologiques dans l’enfance est toujours nécessaire, en respectant le principe as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) en imagerie pédiatrique.

Exposure of the French population to ionising radiation is mainly due to natural radiation (i.e. exposure through: inhalation of radon decay products, external radiation of terrestrial and cosmic origin and water and food ingestion). In an epidemiological context, it is necessary to estimate as precisely as possible the population exposure, in order to study its influence on health indicators. In this aim, indicators of population exposure should be created taking into account results of environmental measurements by controlling the different factors that may influence these measurements (dwelling characteristics, seasonal variations, population density). The distribution of these exposures should also be studied at different geographical levels (department, job area). This work updates the estimation of the French population exposure to natural radiation. Radon exposure indicators have been based on concentrations measured in dwellings, corrected on season and dwelling characteristics (departmental range: 19-297 Bq/m3. Indicators of terrestrial gamma ray exposure have been based on measured indoor and outdoor dose rates adjusted on dwelling characteristics (22-95 nSv/h). Cosmic ray exposure has been evaluated from altitude and weighted by population density (0.27-0.38 mSv/yr). Due to these three components, the effective annual dose was estimated to be at 2.2 mSv. © 2004 EDP Sciences.; L'exposition aux rayonnements ionisants de la population française est due en majeure partie à la radioactivité naturelle (radon, irradiations externes d'origine tellurique et cosmique, ingestion d'eau et d'aliments). Dans un contexte épidémiologique, il est nécessaire d'estimer au mieux l'exposition de la population afin de pouvoir l'étudier conjointement à des indicateurs sanitaires. Dans cet objectif, des indicateurs d'exposition doivent être créés en prenant en compte les mesures environnementales et en contrôlant les facteurs de variabilité (caractéristiques de l'habitat, variations saisonnières, densité de population). La distribution des expositions doit également pouvoir être étudiée à différents niveaux géographiques (département, zone d'emploi). Le présent travail constitue une mise à jour de l'estimation de l'exposition de la population française à la radioactivité naturelle. Les indicateurs d'exposition au radon domestique reposent sur les concentrations mesurées, corrigées pour la saison et les caractéristiques d'habitat (variation départementale : 19–297 Bq/m3). Les indicateurs d'exposition au rayonnement gamma d'origine tellurique reposent sur les débits de dose mesurés, redressés sur le type d'habitat (22–95 nSv/h). L'exposition aux rayonnements cosmiques est évaluée à partir de l'altitude et pondérée sur la densité de population (0,27–0,38 mSv/an). La dose efficace annuelle due à ces trois composantes est estimée à 2,2 mSv.