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The objective of this review is to evaluate the contributions of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART), focusing on its role in enhancing the processes and outcomes of fertility treatments. This study analyzed 48 relevant articles to assess the impact of AI on various aspects of ART, including treatment efficacy, process optimization, and outcome prediction. The effectiveness of different machine learning paradigms—supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning—in improving ART-related procedures was particularly examined. The findings indicate that AI technologies significantly enhance ART processes by refining tasks such as embryo and sperm analysis and facilitating personalized treatment plans based on predictive modeling. Notable improvements were observed in the accuracy of diagnosing and predicting successful outcomes in fertility treatments. AI-driven models provided more precise forecasts of the optimal timing for clinical interventions such as egg retrieval and embryo transfer, which are critical to the success of ART cycles. The integration of AI into ART represents a transformative advancement, substantially improving the precision and efficiency of fertility treatments. The continuous evolution of AI methodologies is likely to further revolutionize this field, enabling more tailored and successful treatment approaches. AI is becoming an indispensable tool in reproductive medicine, enhancing both the effectiveness of treatments and the clinical decision-making process. This review underscores the potential of AI to act as a catalyst for innovative solutions in the optimization of ART.

Abstracts: Objective: Primary endometrial squamous cell carcinoma (PESCC) is an extremely rare type of endometrial cancer with limited research and understanding. This report presents a case of PESCC and reviews 37 cases from 1997. Case report: A 61-year-old menopausal woman presented with abnormal vaginal bleeding. Despite no prior Papanicolaou smears and normal Pap results this time, transvaginal sonography revealed 7 mm endometrial thickening and elevated cancer antigen 125 (CA-125). Dilatation and curettage revealed atypical glands with squamous metaplasia. On May 3, 2017, she underwent robot-assisted staging surgery (stage IB) and pelvic radiotherapy. No disease recurrence observed till now. Conclusion: Early diagnosis of PESCC is crucial for management. Although guidelines are lacking due to the rarity of PESCC, increased reporting and research are expected to shed light on this condition and facilitate the establishment of treatment protocols.

Meta-analysis is a beneficial approach to reevaluating the outcomes of independent previous studies in the same scope. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, or the baker’s yeast, is a commonly used unicellular and eukaryotic model organism. In this study, 12 evolved S. cerevisiae strains that became resistant to diverse stress conditions (boron, caffeine, caloric restriction, cobalt, coniferyl aldehyde, ethanol, iron, nickel, oxidative stress, 2-phenylethanol, and silver stress) by adaptive laboratory evolution were reassessed to reveal the correlated stress/stressor clusters based on their transcriptomic and stress–cross-resistance data. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with k-means clustering was performed. Five clusters for the transcriptomic data of strains and six clusters for cross-resistance stressors were identified. Through statistical evaluations, critical genes pertinent to each cluster were elucidated. The pathways associated with these genes were investigated using the KEGG database. The findings demonstrated that caffeine and coniferyl aldehyde stressors exhibit clear distinctions from other stressors in terms of both physiological stress-cross-resistance responses and transcriptomic profiles. Pathway analysis showed that ribosome biogenesis was downregulated, and starch and sucrose metabolism was upregulated across all clusters. Gene and pathway analyses have shown that stressors lead to distinct changes in yeast gene expression, and these alterations have been systematically documented for each cluster. Several of the highlighted genes are pivotal for further exploration and could potentially clarify new aspects of stress response mechanisms and multiple stress resistance in yeast.

Background As the global population ages and life expectancy increases, older adults encounter challenges like chronic illnesses and losing loved ones; resilience is crucial for adapting to these difficulties. This study aims to culturally and linguistically adapt the psychological resilience scale designed for older adults to the Turkish context. Methods This methodological study included 566 individuals aged 65 and older. All participants completed the Resilience Scale for Older Adults, the Perceived Stress Scale, the Geriatric Depression Scale, and the Quality of Life in Older Adults Scale—Short Form. Construct validity was assessed through confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses, while convergent and discriminant validity were evaluated through the correlation of the scales. Reliability was determined using internal consistency and the split-half method. Results The scale retains its original structure with 33 items and four sub-dimensions (Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, Spiritual, and Experiential). The content validity index of the scale is 0.98, with item loadings ranging from 0.406 to 0.947, according to exploratory factor analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis indicates good fit indices. Convergent validity is supported by a strong positive correlation (r = 0.657, p < 0.001) between the Resilience Scale for Older Adults and the Quality of Life in Older Adults Scale—Short Form. Reliability measures include a Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency coefficient of 0.93 and a Guttman split-half reliability coefficient of 0.723. Conclusion The results show that the Turkish version of the Resilience Scale for Older Adults is a valid and reliable measurement tool.

Background Streptococcus mutans is a virulent microorganism associated with dental caries. This in vitro study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial effects of Cholecalciferol (D3) and Doxercalciferol (D2), against S. mutans and on glycosyltransferase gene expression.Methods Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of D3 and D2 for S. mutans were determined according to the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. The effect of the compounds on environmental pH in 1% w/v and 5% w/v sucrose broth cultures after 24 hours were assessed colorimetrically. Additionally, their impact on glycosyltransferases gene expression (GtfB, GtfC, GtfD) in 5% w/v sucrose culture was evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR.Results The MBCs of D3 and D2 were 83 µg/ml and 166 µg/ml respectively. Both compounds were effective in preventing the local pH drop

This study aimed to examine the correlation between the cognitive emotion-regulation styles and impulsive behaviors of patients who has substance use disorder. A total of 197 patients who were receiving inpatient treatment after diagnosis of substance use disorders in the Alcohol and Substance Addiction Treatment Center in two hospitals participated in study. Ethical permissions were obtained. For data collection, Introductory Information Form, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale were used. Descriptive statistics and correlational analysis and multiple regression analyses were performed. The mean age of the patients was 39.35 ± 12.43 years, and 88.3% of them were male. Among them, 38.9% used alcohol, and 51.8% used substances. There is a correlation between the patients’ cognitive emotion regulation styles and impulsive behavior styles. The multiple regression analysis showed that the patients’ cognitive emotion regulation style explained 20.6% of their impulsive behavior.

In this study, the training needs of teachers regarding the ethical use of information technologies were examined. The training needs levels of teachers and the significant differentiations of training needs according to gender, teaching level, professional seniority, branch, and education degree were investigated. In this study, the discrepancy view approach and normative need type were used. The data were collected via "The Scale of Ethical Use of Information Technologies in Education" developed by Baysan and Çetin (2019). The survey method was applied. The research was carried out with 745 teachers working in public schools in Afyonkarahisar, Turkey. The sample group was determined by stratification method and simple random sampling method. Schools were stratified as primary school, secondary school, divinity secondary school and high school. A certain number of schools from each stratum were determined by lot, and it was aimed to reach all teachers in the specified schools. More than half of the participants were female with a rate of 55.5%. Data were collected from teachers working in five different main branches. According to the results, 22.8% of teachers need ethical training in the Stalking sub-dimension, 14.5% in the Communication sub-dimension, and 9.4% in the Confidence and Material sub-dimension. In the Privacy and Accessibility sub-dimensions, nearly 1% of teachers need ethical training. Regarding the ethical use of information technologies, there were significant differences in some sub-dimensions according to some independent variables. Results show that teachers need less ethical training than expected.

IntroductionThis study aimed to investigate students' perceptions of the use of 3D-printed typodonts by implementing a questionnaire and evaluating the students' comparisons between extracted, commercial and 3D-printed teeth.MethodsEthical approval was obtained (QMER20.586/2021) and questionnaire feedback was collected anonymously using an online survey. A total of 143 fourth- and fifth-year dental students were approached to participate during pre-clinical courses focussing on root canal therapy. The tooth design was based on micro-CT data of an extracted maxillary central incisor and 3D-printed with haptically-similar materials produced in previous work. The questionnaire comprised 11 Likert-scale questions, four open-ended questions, two “yes” or “no” questions and three closed-ended questions.ResultsEighty questionnaires were returned. Overall, the feedback was favourable towards the 3D-printed typodonts compared to the commercial teeth. The biggest difference in responses was in Question 6 related to the realism of drilling the enamel when comparing 3D-printed teeth with commercial ones. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference (p

Dünya genelinde insanlarda sağlıklı tüketim farkındalığının oluşmasıyla zengin besin içeriklerine sahip bitkisel sütlere yönelim artmaktadır. Tüketicilerden laktoz intoleransı, kalori endişesi ve hiperkolesterolemi olanlarında rahatça tüketimine imkan sağlaması ile tüketici taleplerinden enerjiyi artırıcı, yaşlanmayla mücadele, yorgunluk ve stres azaltıcı etkilerine yanıt olabilme potansiyelinden dolayı bitkisel süt üretiminin ve tüketiminin artması beklenmektedir. Bu derleme çalışmasında bitkisel sütlerin üretim aşamaları ele alınarak, bu üretim basamaklarının son ürün üzerine etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Bitkisel sütlerde besin içeriklerinin zengin olmasından kaynaklı olarak bozulmayan sebep olan mikroorganizmaların büyümesinin önlenebilmesi için ısıl işlem gereklilikleri incelenmiştir. Bitkisel sütlerde bozulmaya sebep olan mikroorganizmaların inhibisyonu için uygulanan yenilikçi ısıl ve ısıl olmayan teknolojiler ele alınmıştır. Gelişen yenilikçi teknolojiler ile bitkisel sütlerin mikrobiyal güvenliğini sağlanmasının yanısıra kalite özelliklerinin de korunması önem kazanmaktadır. Sonuç olarak Dünya’da ve ülkemizde popüler olmaya başlayan bitkisel sütlerin; yeni teknolojiler ile birlikte gıda endüstrisinde yaygınlaşma potansiyeli yüksektir.

OBJECTIVE: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that is the third leading cause of death in the world is one of the main economic burden. The cost is primarily due to COPD exacerbations and hospitalizations. We aimed to determine the factors associated with increasing costs in severe COPD exacerbation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: It was a multicenter and prospective observational recording study. 294 patients who severe COPD exacerbation were included in the study. An amount of more than 429.58 euros was accepted as increasing costs (IC). Factors associated with IC were determined by regression analysis. RESULTS: Mean age was 69.90 ± 9.79/years (minimum: 40 maximum: 95), mean costs were 594.9 ± 70.9 euros. About 83.7% of the patients were male, 24.1% (71) were active smokers, and 81% (238) had at least 1 comorbidity. Factors associated with IC in the regression analysis were delay of discharge (due to prolonged consultation), antibiotic use longer than 7 days, need to enteral/parenteral feeding, application of pulmonary rehabilitation (physiotherapy) at hospitalization, and refusal to be discharged. CONCLUSION: The increasing costs in severe COPD exacerbation depends not only treatment but also the patient’s social status and hospital-related factors. We think that the cost of severe COPD exacerbation can be reduced by interventions on interchangeable factors such as patient's social status and hospital-related factors.

AbstractObjective To evaluate the serotype distribution and antibiotic resistance in pneumococcal infections in adults and to provide a perspective regarding serotype coverage of both current and future pneumococcal vaccines.Patients and methods This passive surveillance study was conducted with the Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated from the specimens of patients with pneumonia (materials isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage), bacteraemia, meningitis, pleuritis and peritonitis between 2015 and 2018. Serogrouping and serotyping were performed by latex particle agglutination and by conventional Quellung reaction using commercial type-specific antisera, respectively. The strains were analysed for penicillin, cefotaxime, erythromycin and moxifloxacin susceptibilities by E-test.Results In the whole study group (410 samples from adults aged ≥18 years), the most frequent serotypes were 3 (14.1%), 19 F (12%) and 1 (9.3%). The vaccine coverage for PCV13, PCV15, PCV20 and PPV23 was 63.9%, 66.6%, 74.1% and 75.9%, respectively, in all isolates. Penicillin non-susceptibility in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) was 70.8% and 57.1% in the patients aged

This narrative review aims to provide an update on caries risk assessment (CRA) and the available CRA tools. CRA can be used to monitor the status of oral care, as well as for documentation and research purposes. Caries risk is determined by the interplay of risk and protective factors. Common risk factors include suboptimal oral hygiene practices, previous caries experience, low plaque acidity, frequent snacking, cariogenic diet, enamel defects, reduced salivary flow, polypharmacy, and radiotherapy experience. Caries risk can be reduced through some preventive measures, such as the use of fluoride, gum chewing, dental sealants. The CRA process can be categorized as single or multifactor tools. Single-factor CRA tools include diet analysis questionnaires, cariogenic bacteria testing and saliva testing kits, whereas multifactor CRA tools encompass Caries Management by Risk Assessment (CAMBRA), Cariogram, and PreViser. Some CRA tools may quantify risk and protective factors to compute caries risk. Additionally, they can generate visual and educational presentations that foster success in oral care. Clinicians consider CRA beneficial for developing personalized care plans. However, the literature fails to reflect this and reveals limited studies supporting its use as evidence-based practice for caries management.

Diabetes mellitus is considered to be the most common health issue affecting almost 1 in 11 adults globally. Oral health complications including xerostomia, periodontal disease, dental caries, and soft tissue lesions are prevalent among individuals with diabetes, and therefore an understanding of the potential association between salivary metabolites and dental caries progression would enable the early detection and prevention of this non-communicable disease. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare salivary biomarkers between individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) with those without this disorder (ND) using 1H NMR-based metabolomics strategies. The objectives were to identify T2DM-associated biomarker signatures and their potential impact on dental caries. In addition, HbA1c and vitamin D levels were also analysed for this purpose. Methods: Stimulated whole-mouth saliva (SWS) samples were collected from T2DM and ND (n = 30 in each case) participants randomly selected from a group of 128 participants recruited for this case–control study. All participants were advised to refrain from eating, drinking, and smoking for at least 1–2 h prior to sample collection. Following preparation, SWS supernatants underwent 1H NMR analysis at an operating frequency of 800 MHz, and the dataset acquired was analysed using a range of multivariate metabolomics techniques. Results: Metabolomics analysis of data acquired demonstrated that, together with up- and downregulated blood HbA1c and vitamin D levels, key salivary discriminators between these two classifications included lactate, taurine, creatinine, α-glucose, and formate to a lesser extent. The bacterial catabolites lactate and formate were both significantly upregulated in the T2DM group, and these have previously been implicated in the pathogenesis of dental caries. Significance analysis of metabolites (SAM)-facilitated AUROC analysis yielded an 83% accuracy for this distinction. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study highlights the significant differences in salivary metabolites between individuals with T2DM and healthy controls. Such differences appear to be related to the development and progression of dental caries in T2DM patients.

Abstract Objectives This study compared adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and those without diabetes (ND) from East London in terms of sociodemographic characteristics, oral health behaviors, dietary practices, and alcohol and tobacco‐related habits. Materials and Methods A total of 182 participants (n = 91 for each group) were recruited and requested to complete the validated questionnaire with 33 items. Results Results showed that the mean ± SD age was 61 ± 11.7 in the T2DM, while 51 ± 11.2 in the ND group. The mean ± SD age at T2DM diagnosis was 43 ± 10. There was a significant gender difference, with more males in the T2DM group (67.7%) and more females in the ND group (64.8%). Asian‐British (38.4%) were significantly high in the T2DM group when compared to other ethnicities. 92.3% of T2DM participants were significantly more likely to use medications in comparison to the ND group (29.7%). The T2DM participants' personal statements on general health were fair (34%) and good (46.2%) when compared with the ND group (15.4% and 59.3%, respectively). The majority of T2DM and ND participants (98%) lacked dental insurance. In the T2DM group, 31.8% were receiving benefits, and 39.5% were retired, while 46% of the ND group were full‐time employees. Tooth brushing twice a day was slightly less common in T2DM (68%) when compared to the ND group (78%). Nearly half of the participants in both groups failed to carry out interdental cleaning (T2DM = 52%; ND = 47%), and 38.5% of the T2DM group used mouthwash occasionally, while 30% of the ND group had it twice daily. There was a weak association between chewing paan and annual income in ND participants (r = .90, p = .49). There were significant differences in the presence of removable prostheses, juice, and sweetened juice consumptions between the two groups (p

Abstract Objectives The objective of this review is to assess the available literature systematically related to the effect of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for the management of occlusal and root carious lesions in permanent teeth regardless of age. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analyses statement. A literature search was performed using PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, DOAJ, and Open Gray with no language restrictions up to December 2022. Three reviewers critically assessed the studies for eligibility. Any disputes between the reviewers were handled by a fourth independent reviewer. The quality assessment and data extraction of the studies were performed. Results A total of 2176 studies were screened. The titles and abstracts of the studies were then reviewed (n = 346), and 52 studies met the search criteria. Following the full‐text review, 11 studies investigated the effect of SDF against other treatments such as chlorhexidine, sodium fluoride, ammonium bifluoride, tricalcium silicate paste, casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate, glass ionomer cement (GIC) combined with fluoride varnish, resin‐modified GIC, and atraumatic restorative treatment were assessed. Conclusions Within the limitations of this review, the use of SDF is promising with high preventative fractions in permanent teeth of children and older populations when compared to other topical applications such as dental varnish containing sodium fluoride.

Background Venom immunotherapy (VIT) is an effective treatment in the patients at high risk of anaphylaxis or life-threatening systemic reactions due to Hymenoptera venom allergy. But, systemic and large local reactions can be observed, especially during the build-up phase of VIT. We evaluated the safety of conventional and ultra-rush build-up protocols.Materials and methods Two protocols in 71 patients (39 conventional and 32 ultra-rush protocols) with honeybee and wasp venom allergy were evaluated retrospectively. Patients were diagnosed and selected for VIT according to the criteria established by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. The severity of systemic reactions was evaluated according to the criteria of Mueller.Results Build-up phases were tolerated in 66.2% (n = 47) without any reaction. Allergic adverse reactions were observed in 33.8% (n = 24): large local reactions 22.5% (n = 16) and systemic reactions 11.3% (n = 8). There was no significant difference in the number of adverse reactions comparing patients receiving conventional and ultra-rush protocol. In addition, no association was found between allergic adverse reactions and the following factors: sex, previous systemic sting reactions, honeybee and wasp venom extract.Conclusion We found that both protocols were tolerated in patients with honeybee and wasp venom allergy. Ultra-rush protocol will be preferred for patients and clinicians because of its advantages in terms of time and costs.KEY MESSAGESVIT is the only curative treatment method that reduces the risk of severe reactions after a bee sting and improves the quality of life in patients with Hymenoptera venom allergy.Ultra-rush VIT protocol has advantages such as few injection and time savings.Both ultra-rush and conventional VIT are safe treatments to prevent potentially life-threatening reactions in patients with honeybee and wasp venom allergy.

Starting from Gilles Deleuze's (1989, p.59) concepts of "worldization" or/and "world-image" we should consider the intersection of cinema, architecture and storytelling as an act of thinking about "world-building". Because only such action takes us through creative and political stories that will enable us to understand why the cities of the future are migrant camps. Flashdrive doesn't just give us a refugee camp story; also maps the spatio-temporal distinctions of the survival journey. It presents a migration story shaped by media dispositifs and spatial dispositifs in which power and knowledge are articulated.

In this research, it was aimed to determine the perceptions of postgraduate students towards academic writing skills through metaphors. In this context, the study group is composed of postgraduate (master and doctorate) students studying at Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Education in the 2017-2018 academic year. In this context, 100 graduate students were interviewed by appropriate sampling method; an academic writing form was applied to these postgraduate students. In the research, descriptive approach has been adopted. Participants were asked to complete the sentences of "academic writing is like............; because............". The metaphors obtained from the research classified according to their similarities and differences with the descriptive analysis technique and then tabulated according to the frequency values separated by the categories. Then, the findings were interpreted. Accordingly, the metaphors associated with academic writing vary. The metaphorical perceptions are collected under 9 categories / themes. The categories include "a long / challenging/difficult process", "a process of producing / discovering new things", "an action that requires composition / analysis-synthesis / interpretation skill", "an action that requires expert support", "a multi-threaded action", "an action requires care in language and expression", "an unpleasant action", an action that gives joy" and "other" titles. Findings suggest upper academic level students with academic writing experience refer mostly positive attitude towards academic writing.