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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether prophylactic darbepoetin alpha and/or topiramate administration could prevent bilirubin neurotoxicity (BNTx) in experimental model of kernicterus.

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Sepsis is a serious clinical problem and estimated to be responsible for 18 million annual deaths worldwide. Therefore, the use and the rapid processing of blood cultures are important for the transition from empiric therapy to directed therapy. The aim of this study was to assess the best blood culture practices in Turkey. We have examined the collection practices and techniques at four different hospitals, and a total of 165.443 blood culture bottles were evaluated (2013-2015). At the preanalytical phase most of the data which were important and which could support hospital quality systems/practices were not entered into the HIS and EpiCenter system. At the analytical phase loading of the bottles and removal of positive bottles primarily occurred between 6:00 and 9:00 AM but the positivity rate of the bottles showed a homogeneous distribution throughout the day. In other words, there were significant delays at processing positive blood culture bottles related to laboratory workers. The effect of education regarding best practices, transition from single bottle to two bottle cultures was successful in all hospitals. Single bottle usage decreased below 10% in all hospitals. Significantly more positive cultures were detected at multiple cultures when compared with the single bottle collection practice. In retrospective patient records, it was seen that all the laboratories reported the results of Gram staining to the clinics. However, these data were not recorded to the Epicenter. The contamination rates of Ankara Numune Hospital and Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine Hospital are 6.2% and 5.4% respectively, contamination rates were not reported in other hospitals. The most common isolates detected in blood cultures were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Acinetobacter baumannii. The mean time for the detection of these organisms were less than 20 hours in the aerobic bottle and anaerobic bottles. A total of 79.6% of facultative anaerobic isolates were detected in both bottles; 9.8% were detected only in the aerobic bottles; 10.6% of the isolates were detected only in the anaerobic bottles. As a result, the educational efforts in Turkey have met with success for transition from collecting single bottle blood culture sets to two bottle blood cultures. However, further efforts are needed to increase the number of blood culture sets collected during a 24 hour's period. In addition, errors at the preanalytical, analytical and postanalytical periods (taking samples, loading bottles into the system and processing positive blood cultures) should be eliminated. C1 [Basustaoglu, Ahmet] Baskent Univ, Dept Med Microbiol, Fac Med, TR-06790 Ankara, Turkey. [Suzuk Yildiz, Serap] MoH Gen Directorate Publ Hlth, Dept Microbiol Reference Lab & Biol Prod, Ankara, Turkey. [Mumcuoglu, Ipek; Kursun, Senol] Ankara Numune Training & Res Hosp, Lab Med Microbiol, Ankara, Turkey. [Karahan, Zeynep Ceren; Evren, Ebru] Ankara Univ, Dept Med Microbiol, Fac Med, Ankara, Turkey. [Ogunc, Dilara; Ozhak Baysal, Betil] Akdeniz Univ, Dept Med Microbiol, Fac Med, Antalya, Turkey. [Kaleli, Ilknur; Demir, Melek] Pamukkale Univ, Dept Microbiol, Fac Med, Denizli, Turkey. [Murray, Patrick] BD Diagnost Syst, Hunt Valley, MD USA.

Sepsis is a serious clinical problem and estimated to be responsible for 18 million annual deaths worldwide. Therefore, the use and the rapid processing of blood cultures are important for the transition from empiric therapy to directed therapy. The aim of this study was to assess the best blood culture practices in Turkey. We have examined the collection practices and techniques at four different hospitals, and a total of 165.443 blood culture bottles were evaluated (2013-2015). At the preanalytical phase most of the data which were important and which could support hospital quality systems/practices were not entered into the HIS and EpiCenter system. At the analytical phase loading of the bottles and removal of positive bottles primarily occurred between 6:00 and 9:00 AM but the positivity rate of the bottles showed a homogeneous distribution throughout the day. In other words, there were significant delays at processing positive blood culture bottles related to laboratory workers. The effect of education regarding best practices, transition from single bottle to two bottle cultures was successful in all hospitals. Single bottle usage decreased below 10% in all hospitals. Significantly more positive cultures were detected at multiple cultures when compared with the single bottle collection practice. In retrospective patient records, it was seen that all the laboratories reported the results of Gram staining to the clinics. However, these data were not recorded to the EpiCenter. The contamination rates of Ankara Numune Hospital and Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine Hospital are 6.2% and 5.4% respectively, contamination rates were not reported in other hospitals. The most common isolates detected in blood cultures were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Acinetobacter baumannii. The mean time for the detection of these organisms were less than 20 hours in the aerobic bottle and anaerobic bottles. A total of 79.6% of facultative anaerobic isolates were detected in both bottles; 9.8% were detected only in the aerobic bottles; 10.6% of the isolates were detected only in the anaerobic bottles. As a result, the educational efforts in Turkey have met with success for transition from collecting single bottle blood culture sets to two bottle blood cultures. However, further efforts are needed to increase the number of blood culture sets collected during a 24 hours' period. In addition, errors at the preanalytical, analytical and postanalytical periods (taking samples, loading bottles into the system and processing positive blood cultures) should be eliminated.

Sepsis is a serious clinical problem and estimated to be responsible for 18 million annual deaths worldwide. Therefore, the use and the rapid processing of blood cultures are important for the transition from empiric therapy to directed therapy. The aim of this study was to assess the best blood culture practices in Turkey. We have examined the collection practices and techniques at four different hospitals, and a total of 165.443 blood culture bottles were evaluated (2013-2015). At the preanalytical phase most of the data which were important and which could support hospital quality systems/practices were not entered into the HIS and EpiCenter system. At the analytical phase loading of the bottles and removal of positive bottles primarily occurred between 6:00 and 9:00 AM but the positivity rate of the bottles showed a homogeneous distribution throughout the day. In other words, there were significant delays at processing positive blood culture bottles related to laboratory workers. The effect of education regarding best practices, transition from single bottle to two bottle cultures was successful in all hospitals. Single bottle usage decreased below 10% in all hospitals. Significantly more positive cultures were detected at multiple cultures when compared with the single bottle collection practice. In retrospective patient records, it was seen that all the laboratories reported the results of Gram staining to the clinics. However, these data were not recorded to the EpiCenter. The contamination rates of Ankara Numune Hospital and Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine Hospital are 6.2% and 5.4% respectively, contamination rates were not reported in other hospitals. The most common isolates detected in blood cultures were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Acinetobacter baumannii. The mean time for the detection of these organisms were less than 20 hours in the aerobic bottle and anaerobic bottles. A total of 79.6% of facultative anaerobic isolates were detected in both bottles; 9.8% were detected only in the aerobic bottles; 10.6% of the isolates were detected only in the anaerobic bottles. As a result, the educational efforts in Turkey have met with success for transition from collecting single bottle blood culture sets to two bottle blood cultures. However, further efforts are needed to increase the number of blood culture sets collected during a 24 hours' period. In addition, errors at the preanalytical, analytical and postanalytical periods (taking samples, loading bottles into the system and processing positive blood cultures) should be eliminated. © 2019 Ankara Microbiology Society. All rights reserved.

The concerns about the results of climate change have been increasing as new scientific proofs emerge and people witness its direct effects in environmental catastrophes. There also have been different efforts to frame climate change as a security issue. This study aims to analyze different security approaches to climate change with a particular framework. The framework divides these approaches into two: opponents and proponents of the securitization of climate change. It also analyzes different approaches and logics within both camps. Finally, the study examines and evaluates the emerging literature on the “climatization of security” which focuses on the impacts of climate change on the understanding of security in the discipline of International Relations. © 2017, Forsnet. All rights reserved.

Most studies of coil-to-globule transitions of macromolecules have dealt exclusively with the standard polystyrene-cyclohexane system. In this work we aim to extend such investigations to halogenated polystyrenes, namely poly(4-chlorostyrene)(PPCS), poly(2-chlorostyrene)(POCS) and poly(chlorostyrene)(PCS),a mixture of 2- and 4-isomers. Changes in R-h Of these polymers with temperature in their respective theta solvents were investigated by dynamic light scattering. The hydrodynamic size of PPCS in a-propyl benzene(M-W: 2.25 x 10(6) g mol(-1), M-W/M-n 1.16) decreases to 75% of that in the unperturbed state at 22.2 degrees C. POCS (M-W: 10.32 x 10(6) and M-W: 4.30 X 10(6), M-W/M-n: 1.10) in 2-butanone exhibited LCST behaviour and a Limited chain collapse was observed with increasing temperature above theta point. The parameters alpha(h) = R-h/R-h(theta) for POCS with two different molecular weights, (10.32 M and 4.30 M) were found to be 0.67 and 0.77, respectively at 37.0 degrees C. A smooth and continuous contraction was also observed for the mixture of 2- and 4-isomers, PCS (M-W: 2.32 x 10(6) g mol(-1), M-W/M-n: 1.06). (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Macro-azo-initiators (MAIs) having poly( ethylene glycol)(PEG) units were obtained by various multistep synthetic approaches. In the first stage, macro-azo-initiators of PEG type with azo groups inserted in the main chain were prepared. MAIs were then characterized by chemical analyses, spectral methods, H-1-NMR, GPC, and DSC techniques. They were used in the free-radical bulk polymerization of dicyclohexylitaconate to synthesize AB block copolymers of poly( ethylene glycol-b-dicyclohexylitaconate) (PEG-b-PDCHI). (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Non-ionic polyacrylamide gels immersed in aqueous solutions of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) exhibit a continuous volume change upon continuous increase of the PEG concentration in the external solution. The volume change becomes discontinuous when ionizable groups are incorporated into the network. As the proportion of ionizable groups increases, or, as the molecular weight of PEG decreases, the critical concentration of PEG required for a discontinuous volume collapse rises. The distribution of PEG inside and outside the gel phase changes with gel volume; it also exhibits a discontinuous change at the phase transition. Flory-Huggins theory gives a qualitative description of the phenomenon. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Limited.