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© 2021 Paediatrics and Child Health Division (The Royal Australasian College of Physicians)Aim: To evaluate the incidence and clinical features of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) in Turkey, following the revised Jones criteria in 2015. Methods: This multicentre study was designed by the Acquired Heart Diseases Working Group of the Turkish Pediatric Cardiology and Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Association in 2016. The data during the first attack of 1103 ARF patients were collected from the paediatric cardiologists between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2016. Results: Turkey National Institute of Statistics records of 2016 were used for the determination of ARF incidence with regard to various cities and regions separately. The estimated incidence rate of ARF was 8.84/100 000 in Turkey. The ARF incidence varied considerably among different regions. The highest incidence was found in the Eastern Anatolia Region as 14.4/100 000, and the lowest incidence was found in the Black Sea Region as 3.3/100 000 (P < 0.05). Clinical carditis was the most common finding. The incidence of clinical carditis, subclinical carditis, polyarthritis, aseptic monoarthritis, polyarthralgia and Sydenham's Chorea was 53.5%, 29.1%, 52.8%, 10.3%, 18.6% and 7.9%, respectively. The incidences of clinical carditis, subclinical carditis, polyarthritis and polyarthralgia were found to be significantly different among different regions (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this nationwide screening of ARF suggest that Turkey should be included in the moderate-risk group.

INTRODUCTION: Obtaining and growing human stem cells are the first stages of regenerative medicine applications.During the cell proliferation for therapeutic purposes, MSCs rapidly undergo premature aging, possibly involving oxidative stress.Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BM-MSCs) are the most clinically used cells.It's suggested that Wharton-jelly mesenchymal stem cells(WJ-MSC) which are located around the umbilical cord may be more useful than BM-MSCs due to their non-invasive acquisition,not expressing proteins cause tissue rejection,and their immunosuppressive properties.It was aimed to compare the efficiency of the isolation methods used in the reproduction of WJ-MSCs and to determine the effect of anti-oxidative culture conditions on the cell viability and expression of cell-surface antigens.METHODS: Postnatal cord samples were taken from 17 healthy pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria. Stem cells were obtained from Wharton jelly using enzymatic and explant methods, and cell viability and proliferation capacities were compared.RESULTS: The differentiation capacity of stem cells into osteoblasts, chondrocytes and adipocytes was demonstrated immunohistochemically. During the proliferation process, it was determined by flow cytometry that CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105 surface antigen expressions were expressed and unchanged until the fourth passage.The effect of culture conditions provided by addition of anti-oxidant molecules N-acetyl cysteine and ascorbic acid on cell viability and cell surface antigen expressions were demonstrated.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In conclusion, it was thought that the explant method in the isolation of MSCs from wharton jelly was more advantageous than the enzymatic method due to the total number of cells obtained in a shorter time period, without significantly changing the surface antigen expressions., GİRİŞ ve AMAÇ: Günümüzde, insan kök hücrelerin eldesi ve kültür ortamında çoğaltılması rejeneratif tıp uygulamalarının ilk aşamalarından biridir. Ancak terapötik amaçlar için in vitro hücre çoğaltmada, MKH'lerin hızla muhtemelen oksidatif stresi içeren erken yaşlanmaya girmeleri önemli bir sorundur. Günümüzde üzerinde en fazla çalışılmış ve klinikte tedavide kullanılan hücreler kemik iliği mezenkimal kök hücreleri (Kİ-MKH) olmakla birlikte, insan perinatal dokularında tespit edilmiş mezankimal kök hücreler giderek önem kazanmaktadır. Göbek kordonu çevresinde yer alan Wharton jölesi mezenkimal kök hücrelerinin (WJ-MKH) invaziv olmayan şekilde elde edilmeleri, doku reddine yol açan proteinleri eksprese etmemeleri ve immünosupresif özellikleri nedeni ile Kİ-MKH’lerinden daha kullanışlı olabilecekleri ileri sürülmektedir. Çalışmamız ile WJ-MKH’inin eldesi ve çoğaltılmasında kullanılan izolasyon yöntemlerinin etkinliğinin karşılaştırılması ve anti-oksidatif kültür koşullarının hücre canlılığı ve kök hücrelere özgü yüzey antijen ekspresyonlarına etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlandı.YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Etik Kurul onayı alındıktan sonra gönüllü onam alınmış, çalışmaya dahil etme kriterlerine uyan toplam 17 sağlıklı gebeden doğum sonrası kordon örnekleri alındı. Wharton jölelesinden enzimatik ve eksplant yöntemi ile kök hücreler elde edilerek, hücre canlılıkları ve proliferasyon kapasiteleri karşılaştırıldı. Kök hücrelerin osteoblast, kondrosit ve adipositlere farklılaşma kapasiteleri immunohistokimyasal olarak gösterildi.BULGULAR: Hücrelerin çoğaltılması sürecinde CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105 yüzey antijen ifadelerinin dördüncü pasaja kadar anlamlı değişmeden eksprese edildiği akış sitometrik olarak belirlendi. Anti oksidan moleküller N-asetil sistein ve askorbik asit ilavesi ile sağlanan kültür koşullarının hücre canlılığı ve hücre yüzey antijen ekspresyonları üzerine etkisi gösterildi.TARTIŞMA ve SONUÇ: Sonuç olarak wharton jölesinden MKH’lerin izolasyonunda eksplant yönteminin yüzey antijen ifadeleri anlamlı değişmeksizin, daha kısa zaman diliminde elde edilen toplam hücre sayısı nedeni ile enzimatik yönteme göre daha avantajlı olduğu düşünüldü.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) enables the surface plasmon-based amplification and detection of Raman signals from biomarkers, which emerge at ultralow concentrations in the early phases of diseases. Thus, SERS chips could be used for early detection of diseases from their biomarkers obtained from liquid or tissue biopsies. While this surface enhancement capability of nanoscale gold or silver layers on different substrates were demonstrated in previous experiments and electromagnetic models, the position of the biomarker molecules on the SERS chips cannot be known or estimated a priori. As a result, SERS chips must be designed over millimeter-scale areas such that the signal amplification must be large (10(6) times or higher with respect to no SERS) and must span the entire slide. Simultaneous surface-enhancement of Raman signals and distributing this enhancement factor (EF) over the sample surface requires an iterative and \learning" design procedure for the geometries of nanoscale metallic features that could maximize both EF and its area simultaneously. In this study, we develop genetic algorithms and use finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) modeling to optimize the geometry of gold nanostructures (NS) on glass microscope slides to functionalize these slides as SERS-active surfaces for SERS-based enhancement of Raman spectra. By using FDTD models, we calculated the enhancement factors in 3D on glass surface for 785 nm laser for Raman spectrum measurements and used genetic algorithms (GA) to iterate on the metal NS geometry to maximize the average and the hot spot EF over the periodic patterns on the slide. Field enhancement factors as high as 10(17) and 10(15) were calculated for hot-spots and for whole-slide averages, respectively. The optimized structures indicate that GA could help maximize label-free and whole-slide Raman signal enhancement factors for single-cell SERS detection.

Nephrotic syndrome has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which may be attributable to the hypoalbuminemia, dyslipidemia, hypercoagulopathy or inflammatory activation. In childhood minimal change disease is less prone to CVD because of the transient nature of the metabolic abnormalities and steroid exposure. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence of cardiac systolic and diastolic dysfunction in pediatric patients with steroid – sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS). WOS:000443998400393 Q1