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In conventional hexagonal InGaAlN multiple-quantum-well (MQW) (h-) light-emitting diodes (LEDs), carrier leakage from QWs is the main source of internal quantum efficiency (IQE) degradation without contributing to the LED efficiency droop. Our analysis based on the newly developed Open Boundary Quantum LED Simulator indicates that radiative recombination is hampered by the poor electron–hole wavefunction overlap induced by strong internal polarization for which QW carriers mostly recombine via Auger scattering rather than by radiative processes. By contrast, in non-polar h-LEDs, the IQE peak doubles its value compared to conventional h-LEDs while quenching the efficiency droop by 70% at current density of 100 A/cm2. Those effects are further enhanced in cubic InGaAlN MQW (c-) LEDs for which the IQE peak increases by an additional 30%, and the efficiency droop is further reduced by 80% compared to non-polar h-LEDs, thanks to the larger optical transition matrix element and the strong electron–hole wavefunction overlap in c-LEDs. Overall, a c-LED with a low efficiency droop of 3% at 100 A/cm2 is anticipated, paving a clear pathway toward ultimate solid-state lighting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structural and optical properties of a green-emitting cubic (i.e., zinc blende) GaN/In0.16Ga0.84N/GaN single quantum well structure are reported. The active layer is grown on a phase-pure (i.e., 100%) cubic GaN enabled on a 1 × 1 cm2 U-grooved silicon (100) through aspect ratio phase trapping. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy combined with room temperature cathodoluminescence reveals 522 nm green light emission at room temperature with only 16.0% ± 1.6% of indium content, which is ∼30% less than the amount of indium needed in a traditional green-emitting hexagonal (i.e., wurtzite) well. Temperature-dependent behavior of the green emission, such as activation energy, s-shaped peak energy shift, and linewidth, is reported. Cathodoluminescence at 8 and 300 K reveals an internal quantum efficiency of 32.0% ± 0.6%, which is higher than any reported value for cubic wells. Overall, phase-pure cubic active layers on phase transition cubic GaN are shown to be promising for green and longer wavelength emitters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapidly changing dynamics in the challenging work life have rendered the concept of wellbeing crucial and necessary for both organizations and employees. In recent years, there has been a consistent increase in studies focusing on employee well-being, driven by the understanding that happier employees tend to be more productive. However, the literature lacks a substantial number of critical examinations of well-being practices. While this gap in the literature has guided the scope of our work, it has also piqued our curiosity about criticisms of these practices, as well as positive attitudes and approaches towards them. With this study, our aim was to examine the positive and critical perspectives of various actors with different levels of knowledge and experience regarding well-being practices and to explore their needs to participate in well-being practices by relating them to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. In the light of the findings, another objective was to facilitate the integration of well-being practices as a philosophy/approach within organizations and enhance their more effective and comprehensive utilization. Implications for Central European audience: When examining both common and differing views of the participants on well-being practices, the participants were positioned in different areas of a pyramid model. At the top, there are employees of the consultancy firm (Wellbees) and well-being experts, who evaluate well-being practices with a more idealistic, sophisticated and long-term perspective, without considering the current economic and social conditions of the country. In the middle level, there are HR managers whose views on wellbeing are limited to more job-oriented issues, rather than addressing employees' higher-level needs. At the low level, there are employees who evaluate well-being practices from an individual perspective and find them beneficial in terms of socialization, building interactions and increasing motivation. It is inevitable to consider the views and approaches of all actors involved in well-being practices holistically to effectively manage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the trends, contributions, and impact of research in conceptual change from 2004 to 2024 through a bibliometric analysis of Scopus data. The Bibliometrix R package, Vosviewer, and Microsoft Excel were used to analyze and visualize the data. The analysis revealed a consistent growth in research output, with the United States and Turkey as the leading contributors and the University of Kentucky as the leading institution. Lead authors include Stella Vosniadou, Andrea A. diSessa, and Kathy Cabe Trundle, who have had significant publications in high-impact journals. The study noted a peak in publications in 2015, potentially driven by technological advancements, with more recent trends influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic. The results emphasize the importance of international collaboration and continued adaptation to emerging trends. This insight emphasizes the importance of paying attention to cognitive conflict, misconceptions, and technology-based learning media to build scientific conceptual change and improve the quality of education.

In this paper, we introduce general sequence of twice-iterated [Formula: see text]-(degenerate) Gould–Hopper Appell polynomials (TI-DGHAP) via discrete [Formula: see text]-Gould–Hopper Appell convolution. We obtain some of their characteristic properties such as explicit representation, determinantal representation, recurrence relation, lowering operator (LO), raising operator (RO), difference equation (DE), integro-partial lowering operator (IPLO), integro-partial raising operator (IPRO) and integro-partial difference equation (IPDE). As special cases of these general polynomials, we present TI degenerate Gould–Hopper Bernoulli polynomials, TI degenerate Gould–Hopper Poisson–Charlier polynomials, TI degenerate Gould–Hopper Boole polynomials and TI degenerate Gould–Hopper Poisson–Charlier–Boole polynomials. We also state their corresponding characteristic properties.

Introduction: This study examines the distribution of events and event records (EVRs) in elite judo competitions, encompassing both male and female categories. Sample: By analyzing data from the 2018, 2019, and 2021 World Championships, the study incorporates 6487 events (EVs) and 2340 contests classified by their last event (cEV). Results: The predominant occurrence of EV2 and EV3 in male (23.2% and 36.6%) and female (26.8% and 31.7%) contests suggests consistent patterns. Statistical analyses reveal non-uniform distributions of events within temporal units (TUs). Small associations were found between EVRs and TUs for EV1, EV2 and EV3 (Cramer’s V = 0.103 to 0.171; p

While the 'old regionalism', as a trend of the Cold War period, is represented by the monotonous, introverted political-military bloc, the multipolarity of today's global order is represented by the 'new' regionalism by extroversion and flexibility. This is reflected in the renewal of 'old' regionalism' examples such as ASEAN and ECOWAS. The aim of this study is to raise awareness about 'New Regionalism' as a spatial extension or spatial alternative of global currents, on the basis of the contextuality between 'New Regionalism' and 'Old Regionalism'. The literature processed with the historical analysis method is supported by current examples. The article is important because it analyzes the current complex structure of regionalism along with its change and brings this to the political geography literature in Turkey. Today, these two political phenomena are represented by practices so intertwined that it is not possible to define them with sharp lines. Although 'new regionalism' is known by the definition of 'regional trade blocs' accepted by the neo-functionalist model, it is a political organization that includes economy, security, environment and other issues such as NAFTA, MERCOSUR, ECOWAS and especially BRICS and is inter-disciplinary. Boundaries, identity etc. The political and ideological dynamics of each place can create its own regionalism practices. Regional enterprises will create flexible structures with global competitive tendencies as an existence strategy.

Here we introduce a uniaxial dielectric continuum model with temperature-dependent phonon mode frequencies to study temperature- and orientation-dependent polar-optical-phonon limited electron mobility and saturation velocity in uniaxial semiconductors. The formalism for calculating electron scattering rates, momentum relaxation rates, and rate of energy change as a function of the electron kinetic energy and incident electron angle with respect to the c-axis are presented and evaluated numerically. Electron-longitudinal-optical-phonon interactions are shown to depend weakly on the electron incident angle, whereas the electron-transverse-optical-phonon interactions around the emission threshold energy are observed to depend strongest on the electron incident angle when varied from π/4 to π/2 (with respect to the c-axis). We provide electron mobility and saturation velocity limits in different GaN crystal orientations as a function of temperature and electron concentration. At room temperature and for an electron density of 5 x 1018 cm-3, electron mobility limit of ~3200 cm²/V s and electron saturation velocity limit of 3.15 x 107 cm/s are calculated. Both GaN electron mobility and saturation velocity are observed to be governed by the longitudinal-optical-phonon interaction, and their directional anisotropy is shown to vary less than 5% as the electron incident angle with respect to the c-axis is varied from 0 to π/2. Overall, we develop a theoretical formalism for calculating anisotropic properties of uniaxial wurtzite semiconductors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) implicate broad genomic loci containing clusters of highly correlated genetic variants. Finemapping techniques can select and prioritize variants within each GWAS locus which are more likely to have a functional influence on the trait. Here, we present a novel method, Finemap-MiXeR, for finemapping causal variants from GWAS summary statistics, controlling for correlation among variants due to linkage disequilibrium. Our method is based on a variational Bayesian approach and direct optimization of the Evidence Lower Bound (ELBO) of the likelihood function derived from the MiXeR model. After obtaining the analytical expression for ELBO's gradient, we apply Adaptive Moment Estimation (ADAM) algorithm for optimization, allowing us to obtain the posterior causal probability of each variant. Using these posterior causal probabilities, we validated Finemap-MiXeR across a wide range of scenarios using both synthetic data, and real data on height from the UK Biobank. Comparison of Finemap-MiXeR with two existing methods, FINEMAP and SuSiE RSS, demonstrated similar or improved accuracy. Furthermore, our method is computationally efficient in several aspects. For example, unlike many other methods in the literature, its computational complexity does not increase with the number of true causal variants in a locus and it does not require any matrix inversion operation. The mathematical framework of Finemap-MiXeR is flexible and may also be applied to other problems including cross-trait and cross-ancestry finemapping.

The main aim of this study was to ascertain whether the victory and defeat in the different types of the judo contest, in the elite male and female divisions, are associated to the occurrence of the penalties and scores of the first three events (changes in the scoreboard -either penalty or score-) of them. 2340 contests of the 2018, 2019 and 2021 World Judo Championships were analysed. The Pearson’s chi-squared test expressed that [1] shido-1 in the first event (EV1) of the contests that end before the regular time (BRT) and of those without considering when they end (OC) is associated to defeat for both sexes and, that [2] wazari-1 in the EV1 of the BRT and in the EV2 and EV3 of the BRT, of the contests with the duration extended beyond the regular time (EXT) and of OC is associated to victory for both sexes except in the EV2 of the EXT (only for male athletes in this case). Thus, it is suggested that the victory and defeat in the different types of the judo elite contests are associated with the occurrence of the penalties and scores of the first three events of them.

Diabetic foot ulcers are hard to treat ulcers that are common in population. This situation causes amputations and extremity loss. Among therapeutic options negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) seems a good option to treat specially non osteomyelitic and non ischemic wounds. This method can be widely used in deep, large and infected wounds. The antibacterial effect of silver on wounds has been used for centuries. Silver wound closure sets, which are also used in NPWT systems, have gained importance in recent years. In this study, the effect of Confort brand NPWT with and without silver on wound healing evaluated retrospectively. This is a multi center study involving five different institution. As a success criterion, a reduction of >50% in the initial dimensions of the wound (width/length/depth) after 7 applications is accepted. When the silver coated and standard foam Confort NPWT groups were compared, the reduction of 50% or more in the wound volume was relatively shorter in the silver group; while it was 3.2 +/- 1.2 weeks in the silver group, it was 5.14 +/- 2.3 weeks in the silver-free group (p=0.08). [Med-Science 2023; 12(4.000): 1320-1323]

The aim of this research is to analyze high school students' ability to solve physics problems as a consideration for implementing the PBL learning model assisted by Android-based 3D digital modules. The research method uses descriptive qualitative analysis techniques to find out information about a problem the facts face. The research was conducted at SMA Nahdlatul Ulama 1 Gresik with 160 students as respondents. Data obtained from research respondents were categorized into three groups, namely low (score 0-40), medium (score 41-70) and high (score 71-100). From the research results, there were 154 students in the low category, while there were 5 students in the medium category and 1 person in the high category. The conclusion is that students' ability to solve physics problems is still low and needs to be improved, so it is necessary to provide innovative learning models and media, one of which can be done by implementing PBL models and media in the form of Android-based 3D digital modules which will make students more interested in learning so that helps hone physics problem solving skills.

The research aims to develop a four-tier test for optical instrument materials. The method used in this study is a 4D design that includes defining, designing, developing, and disseminating. The instrument used consisted of fifteen items in the form of a four-tier closed-ended test. The research participants were 60 female and 15 male students from West Java in grade 11 high school who were randomly selected. The analysis is divided into four parts. The first analysis is a CVR and multi-rater Rasch measurement of the original validation results. The second analysis involves calculating the percentage of students' scores based on their conception scores. The third is a Rasch Model analysis of the instrument's validity and reliability. The Rasch Model is used in the fourth analysis to examine conceptions and misconceptions. Following the analysis, all items met the CVR value criteria. I2, I7, I9, I10, I12, I15, and I3 have logit values less than zero and are corrected based on expert feedback. The second analysis reveals that students continue to have misconceptions about each item. According to the third analysis, all items were valid and reliable, with a Cronbach Alpha value 0.78 in either category. According to the fourth analysis, conception is inversely related to misconception. The fewer misconceptions, the better the students' conceptions, and vice versa. However, confidence can also be a dissonant influence. Students who experience misconceptions need to be given appropriate treatment to reduce misconceptions about optical instrument materials. Hopefully, the four-tier closed-ended test that has been developed can be used and developed into a better five-level test to investigate the causes of each student's misconceptions.

Hexagonal and cubic GaN—integrated on on-axis Si(100) substrate by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition via selective epitaxy and hexagonal-to-cubic-phase transition, respectively—are studied by temperature- and injection-intensity-dependent cathodoluminescence to explore the origins of their respective luminescence centers. In hexagonal (cubic) GaN integrated on Si, we identify at room temperature the near band edge luminescence at 3.43 eV (3.22 eV), and a defect peak at 2.21 eV (2.72 eV). At low temperature, we report additional hexagonal (cubic) GaN bound exciton transition at 3.49 eV (3.28 eV), and a donor-to-acceptor transition at 3.31 eV (3.18 eV and 2.95 eV). In cubic GaN, two defect-related acceptor energies are identified as 110 and 360 meV. For hexagonal (cubic) GaN (using Debye Temperature (β) of 600 K), Varshni coefficients of α=7:37±0:13×10-4 (6:83±0:22×10-4)eV/K and E0=3:51±0:01(3:31±0:01)eV are extracted. Hexagonal and cubic GaN integrated on CMOS compatible on-axis Si(100) are shown to be promising materials for next generation devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to develop and examine students' conceptions of Work and Energy in relation to the Indonesian Capital City in East Kalimantan, using the Four-Tier Test of Work and Energy (FORTUNE) Open-Ended. The 4D methodology was followed, involving defining, designing, developing, and disseminating the research. The FORTUNE test, comprising 13 questions, was administered to 70 tenth-grade students (44 girls and 26 boys) aged 15 to 16. Rasch analysis was applied to categorize student responses into seven distinct categories: Sound Understanding (SU), Partial Positive (PP), Partial Neutral (P0), Partial Negative (PN), Misconception (MC), No Understanding (NU), and No Coding (NC). The results revealed that FORTUNE effectively diagnosed students' conceptions, with 61% of responses falling into the Misconception (MC) category, while only 3% were classified as Partial Positive (PP). Notably, students displayed misconceptions in questions of moderate difficulty, as indicated by Rasch analysis. In conclusion, this study successfully developed and implemented the FORTUNE Open-Ended test to assess students' conceptions of Work and Energy in the context of the Indonesian Capital City in East Kalimantan. The findings highlight the prevalence of misconceptions among students, particularly in questions of moderate difficulty. Addressing and rectifying these misconceptions require targeted instructional strategies to foster a deeper and more accurate understanding of the topic. Future research should explore the effectiveness of intervention programs aimed at enhancing students' conceptual understanding of Work and Energy.