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Aim: In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between sinus floor cortication (SFC) and Schneiderian membrane thickness (SMT) through cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Materials and Methods: A total of 292 maxillary sinuses of 146 patients (61 males, 85 females) who underwent a CBCT scan for dental implant treatment were evaluated. SFC was classified as follows: type-1: sinus floor exhibiting similar or higher density than the surrounding cortical areas, type-2: sinus floor exhibiting lower density than the surrounding cortical areas, type-3: sinus floor exhibiting no cortical bone, and type-4: sinus floor exhibiting fusion of sinus floor bone and native crestal bone. We also investigated the relationship between the SFC types and SMTs measured from the highest border of the membrane to the sinus floor on cross-sectional images. Results: Type-1, type-2, type-3, and type-4 SFC were seen in 114, 102, 48, and 28 cases, respectively. The Schneiderian membrane was found to be thinner in type-1 SFC than in type-2 SFC. No significant difference was found between type-3 and type-4 SFC in terms of SMT. Discussion and Conclusion: Evaluation of SFC and SMT using CBCT can provide information about implant stability and survival in treatment after sinus grafting. Although type-1 SFC is favorable for implant placement, it may also be associated with an increased risk of membrane perforation. Amaç: Bu çalışmada sinüs tabanı kortikasyonu (STK) ve Schneiderian membran kalınlığı (SMK) arasındaki ilişkiyi konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi (KIBT) görüntüleri üzerinden incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Dental implant tedavisi için KIBT çektirmiş 146 hastaya ait (61 erkek, 85 kadın) toplam 292 maksiller sinüs değerlendirildi. STK şu şekilde sınıflandırıldı: tip 1: çevre kortikal alanla benzer ya da daha yüksek dansite gösteren sinüs tabanı, tip 2: çevre kortikal alandan daha düşük dansite gösteren sinüs tabanı, tip 3: kortikal kemik içermeyen sinüs tabanı, tip 4: krestal kemikle kaynaşmış sinüs tabanı. Kesitsel görüntülerde membranın en üst noktası ile tabanı arasında ölçülen SMK ile STK tipleri arasındaki ilişki de incelendi. Bulgular: Tip 1, tip 2, tip 3 ve tip 4 STK sırasıyla 114, 102, 48 ve 28 vakada görüldü. Schneiderian membran tip 1 STK’de tip 2 STK’ye kıyasla daha ince bulundu. Tip 3 STK ile tip 4 STK arasında SMK açısından anlamlı fark görülmedi. Tartışma ve Sonuç: STK ve SMK’nin KIBT ile değerlendirilmesi sinüs greftleme sonrası tedavide implant stabilitesi ve sağkalımı hakkında bilgi sağlayabilir. Tip 1 STK, implant yerleştirme için elverişli iken, daha yüksek bir membran perforasyonu riski ile ilişkili olabilir.

WOS:000466517100002 Impaction status of a mandibular third molar (M3) leads to some pathological conditions. Objective: This retrospective study was conducted to compare the effect of erupted (e-M3) and impacted mandibular third molars (i-M3) on caries in the adjacent second molar and external root resorption (ERR). Methods: We used cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 200 patients with a mean age of 28.19 +/- 8.3 years who had an e-M3 on one side of the mandible and an i-M3 on the other side of the mandible. All the images were evaluated for the existence of caries and ERR. Results: Caries was detected in 32.5% of cases of i-M3 and in 21% of cases of e-M3 (p = 0.01). ERR was present in 18.5% of cases of i-M3 and no resorption was observed in cases of e-M3 (p = 0.00). Conclusions: Caries and ERR in cases of i-M3 can be reliably identified via CBCT scan. Among patients with caries in the i-M3 group, the degree of caries was significantly lower on the other side of the mandible. Instead of prophylactic removal of e-M3, periodic clinical and radiologic examinations are advised.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and morphology of elongated styloid process and its relation to gender, age and location in Turkish population. Materials and Methods: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 170 patients were evaluated. Age and gender of the patients who were included in this study were recorded. Morphology of elongated styloid process was analyzed and prevalence was determined. Mean lengths of elongated styloid processes were measured. Results: Elongated styloid process was observed in 68 (40%) of 170 patients (340 styloid processes). Mean lengths of elongated SP were 35.25 mm. Elongation was observed in right side in 4 (2.4%) of 170 patients while was observed in left side in 28 (16.5%) patients and it was seen bilaterally in 36 (21.2%) patients. In our study, the most frequent morphology was observed as Type 1. The most common calcification pattern was Type D. Conclusion: In this study, CBCT was presented as an alternative method to panoramic radiographs for the measurement and the assessment of the styloid process. Amaç: Bu çalışma Türk populasyonunda uzamış stiloid proçes morfolojisini, prevalansının cinsiyet ve yaş ile ilişkisini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: 170 hastanın Konik Işınlı Bilgisayarlı Tomografi (KIBT) görüntüleri değerlendirildi. Çalışmaya dahil edilen hastaların yaş ve cinsiyetleri kaydedildi. Uzamış stiloid proçesin morfolojisi analiz edildi ve prevalans belirlendi. Uzamış stiloid proçeslerin ortalama uzunluğu ölçüldü. Bulgular: 170 hastanın (340 styloid proçes) 68’inde (40%) uzamış stiloid proçes gözlendi. Ortalama uzunluk 35.25 mm olarak bulundu. 170 hastanın 4’ünde (2.4%) uzama sağ tarafta, 28’inde (16.5%) sol tarafta, 36 (21.2%) hastada bilateral olarak görüldü. Çalışmamızda, en sık görülen morfoloji Tip 1 olarak bulundu. En sık görülen kalsifikasyon paterni ise Tip D olarak gözlendi. Sonuç: Bu çalışmada, KIBT, stiloid proçesin değerlendirmesi ve ölçümü için panoramik radyograflara alternatif bir metod olarak sunuldu.

WOS:000472779400008 Bone mineral density (BMD) is reduced due to the antiepileptic drug (AED) use. This retrospective study aimed at comparing the fractal dimension (FD) and mandibular indices in certain regions on dental panoramic radiographs (DPRs) of patients using AED and also of healthy individuals. In 34 patients with epilepsy using AED and in 34 healthy subjects, panoramic mandibular index (PMI), mandibular cortical width (MCW), mandibular cortical index (MCI), and fractal dimension (FD) of four different regions were assessed using DPRs. FD, measured in the condylar, second premolar and angulus regions, and the mean FD values were significantly lower in the affected patients (p=0.027, p=0.001, p=0.032, p=0.006 respectively). The mean PMI was higher in controls (p=0.001), yet MCI were similar in both groups (p=0.765). FD analysis and radiomorphometric indices in panoramic radiographs can be used to evaluate osteoporotic changes in patients using AEDs.

ÖZETAmaç: Bu çalışma Türk populasyonunda uzamış stiloid proçes morfolojisini, prevalansının cinsiyet ve yaş ileilişkisini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: 170 hastanın Konik Işınlı Bilgisayarlı Tomografi (KIBT) görüntüleri değerlendirildi. Çalışmayadahil edilen hastaların yaş ve cinsiyetleri kaydedildi. Uzamış stiloid proçesin morfolojisi analiz edildi veprevalans belirlendi. Uzamış stiloid proçeslerin ortalama uzunluğu ölçüldü.Bulgular: 170 hastanın (340 styloid proçes) 68’inde (40%) uzamış stiloid proçes gözlendi. Ortalama uzunluk35.25 mm olarak bulundu. 170 hastanın 4’ünde (2.4%) uzama sağ tarafta, 28’inde (16.5%) sol tarafta, 36(21.2%) hastada bilateral olarak görüldü. Çalışmamızda, en sık görülen morfoloji Tip 1 olarak bulundu. En sıkgörülen kalsifikasyon paterni ise Tip D olarak gözlendi.Sonuç: Bu çalışmada, KIBT, stiloid proçesin değerlendirmesi ve ölçümü için panoramik radyograflara alternatifbir metod olarak sunuldu.Anahtar Kelimeler: Anatomik varyasyonlar; Konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi; Uzamış stiloid proçesABSTRACTObjective: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and morphology of elongated styloid process and itsrelation to gender, age and location in Turkish population.Materials and Methods: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 170 patients were evaluated.Age and gender of the patients who were included in this study were recorded. Morphology of elongatedstyloid process was analyzed and prevalence was determined. Mean lengths of elongated styloid processeswere measured.Results: Elongated styloid process was observed in 68 (40%) of 170 patients (340 styloid processes). Meanlengths of elongated SP were 35.25 mm. Elongation was observed in right side in 4 (2.4%) of 170 patientswhile was observed in left side in 28 (16.5%) patients and it was seen bilaterally in 36 (21.2%) patients. Inour study, the most frequent morphology was observed as Type 1. The most common calcification patternwas Type D.Conclusion: In this study, CBCT was presented as an alternative method to panoramic radiographs for themeasurement and the assessment of the styloid process.Keywords: Anatomic variations; Cone-beam computed tomography; Elongated styloid process

Objective: Maxillarysinus ostium is the top section of the medial wall the and is hence poorlyplaced from the point of view of free drainage; it opens into the narrowethmoidal infundibulum, inflammation of which can further break drainage, sothis may cause in the development of chronic maxillary sinusitis. This studyaims to evaluate maxillary sinus pathologies (MSP) and their possible relationwith maxillary sinus ostium dimensions.Material and Methods: Cone BeamComputed Tomography (CBCT) scans which belong to 139 patients (52 male and 87female) were retrospectively evaluated with regard to ostium dimensions and thepresence of MSP including retention cyst and mucosal thickening. IndependentSamples t-test and Pearson Chi-Square were used to for statistical analysis.Results: Nostatistically significant difference was observed between patients with andwithout MSP in terms of ostium width (p=0.13). While the mean ostium width was2.08 mm in the patient with MSP it was measured as 2.14 mm in patients withoutMSP. For all patients examined, right and left ostiums mean widths were 1.97 mm(Range 0.67-4.25) and 2.26 mm (Range 0.67-5.25), respectively. No significantdifference was observed in ostium width according to gender (p≥0.05). Among allpatients, 18.7% (n=26) had MSP; of these 10 were bilateral and 16 wereunilateral.Conclusion: MSP is thecommon finding in CBCT examinations and the results of this study showed thatMSP does not seem to be associated with the ostium width., Amaç: Maksiller sinüs ostiumu sinüs medial duvarının enüst kısmıdır ve bundan dolayı yerleşimi drenaj açısından zayıftır. Bununlabirlikte nazal fossaya direk açılmayıp, dar etmoidal infindibuluma açılır kidrenajı kesintiye uğratan enflamasyon kronik maksiller sinüzit gelişiminde roloynar. Bu çalışmanın amacı maksiller sinüs patolojilerini (MSP) ve bupatolojilerin maksiller sinüs ostium boyutlarıyla olası ilişkileriniaraştırmaktır.Gereç veYöntemler: 139 hastaya ait (52erkek ve 87 kadın) Konik Işınlı Bilgisayarlı Tomografi (KIBT) görüntüleriostium boyutları ve retansiyon kisti ile mukozal kalınlaşmayı içeren MSPvarlığı açısından retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Bağımsız ÖrneklemT-Testi ve Pearson Ki-Kare testi istatistiksel analiz aşamasında kullanıldı.Bulgular: MSP olan ve olmayan hastalar arasında ostium genişliğiaçısından istatistiksel bir farklılık görülmedi (p=0.13). MSP olan hastalardaortalama ostium genişliği 2.08 mm iken, MSP olmayanlarda ortalama genişlik 2.14mm olarak ölçüldü. İncelenen tüm hastalarda sağ ve sol ostium genişlikortalamaları sırasıyla 1.97 mm (Aralık 0.67-4.25) ve 2.26 mm (Aralık 0.67-5.25)olarak bulundu. Cinsiyete göre ostium genişliği açısından istatistikselfarklılık görülmedi (p≥0.05). Tüm hastalar arasında %18.7 (n=26) hastada MSPizlenirken, bunlardan 10 tanesi çift taraflı, 16 tanesi ise tek taraflıdır.Sonuç: MSP, KIBT araştırmalarında en yaygın bulgu olup,bu çalışmanın sonuçları göstermektedir ki MSP ile ostium genişliği ilişkilibulunmamıştır.

Amaç: Bu çalismanin amaci Konik Isinli Bilgisayarli Tomografi (KIBT) ile hacim hesaplamalarinda kesit kalinliginin olasi etkilerini arastirmaktir. Materyal ve Metod: Sigir femur basinda kemik defektlerini taklit eden intraosseoz kaviteler KIBT ile tarandi. Kavitelerin stereolojik bir metod olan Cavalieri prensibiyle hacim hesaplamalarinda 0,1 mm, 0,2 mm, 0,3 mm, 0,4 mm, 0,5 mm, 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm ve 5 mm kalinliginda ardisik kesitler kullanildi. Hesaplanan hacimler daha sonra Arsimet prensibiyle hesaplanan hacimlerle kiyaslandi. Bulgular: 0,1 mm, 0,2 mm ve 0,3 mm kesit kalinliginda Cavalieri prensibiyle hesaplanan hacimler Arsimet Prensibiyle hesaplanan hacimlerle uyumluydu (p > 0,05). KIBT görüntülerinde tüm defektler için, 0,1 mm, 0,2 mm, 0,3 mm kesit kalinliginda hesaplanan hacimler gerçek hacimlerle uyumluyken, 0,4 mm, 0,5 mm, 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm ve 5 mm kesit kalinliginda hesaplanan hacimler gerçek hacimlerden farkli bulundu. Sonuç: Cavalieri prensibiyle hacim hesaplanalanacagi zaman, gerçek hacimle uyumlu hesaplamalar yapilabilmesi için en ince kesit kalinligi seçilmelidir. © Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry 2018.Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate possible effects of the slice thickness on volume estimations with Cone Beam Compute Tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: Intraosseous cavities representing bone defects on femoral condyles of bovines were scanned by CBCT. Consecutive slices at 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, and 5 mm thickness were used to estimate the volumes of the cavities using Cavalieri principle of stereological methods then compared with the volumes obtained by Archimedean principle. Results: The volumes estimated by Cavalieri principle in 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm and 0.3 mm thickness slices were consistent with the volumes obtained by Archimedean principle (p > 0.05). For all the defects on the CBCT images, the volumes of the defects which were calculated with Cavalieri principle in 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm and 0.3 mm slice thickness were found to be consistent with the actual volumes, however, the volumes that were calculated in 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, and 5 mm slice thickness were found to differ from the actual volumes. Conclusion: When volume calculations were made by Cavalieri principle, the thinnest slice section should be chosen to make calculations consistent with actual volumes. © Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry 2018. https://eds.p.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=2&sid=5c1a141e-94f5-4ff7-a9e6-3f4e99f8c44f%40redis

Systemic Sclerosis is a rarely seen autoimmune inflammatory disease. The main sign of systemic sclerosis is a combination of thickened and stretched skin. Alongside the symptoms in the skin, inflammation and scar formation are observed in many parts of the body such as lungs, kidneys, heart, the intestinal tract. Systemic sclerosis is a disorder affecting oral and facial tissues with skin hardening, thin lips, deep wrinkles, xerostomia, tongue rigidity, and microstomia. The oral manifestations of the illness are caused by deposits of collagen in the tissues or as a result of collagen deposition around nerves and vessels, and all the oral tissues are affected. The most commonly known oral manifestation is widened periodontal ligament spaces. The aim of this study was to present and discuss the oral findings of a 46-year-old male patient with systemic sclerosis. Oral and facial examinations were performed clinically and radiologically. Results: In this study, the oral symptoms of the patient were dysphagia, periodontal problems and mouth opening limitation. SSc patients should have regular follow-up with a yearly panoramic radiograph for other oral and maxillofacial manifestations. Sistemik sklerozis nadir görülen otoimmün inflamatuvar bir hastalıktır. Sistemik skleroziste ana bulgu cildin kalınlaşması ve gerilmiş olmasıdır. Deri bulgularının yanı sıra akciğerler, böbrekler, kalp ve sindirim sistemi gibi vücudun birçok yerinde inflamasyon ve skar gelişimi izlenir. Bununla birlikte sistemik skleroz; ciltte sertleşme, ince çizgiler, derin kırışıklıklar, kserostomi, dilde sertlik ve mikrostomi sebebiyle oral ve fasiyal dokuları da ilgilendiren bir hastalıktır. Hastalığın oral bulguları, dokulardaki veya sinir ve damarlar etrafındaki kollajen birikiminden kaynaklanır ve tüm oral dokular etkilenir. En sık görülen oral bulgu, genişlemiş periodontal ligament alanlarıdır. Çalışmanın amacı sistemik sklerozu olan 46 yaşında erkek hastanın oral bulgularını sunmak ve tartışmaktır. Klinik ve radyolojik olarak oral ve fasiyal muayene yapıldı. Bu çalışmada yer alan hastanın oral semptomları; disfaji, periodontal problemler ve sınırlı ağız açıklığı idi. Sistemik sklerozis hastaları, diğer oral ve maksillofasiyal bulgular için yıllık panoramik radyografilerle düzenli izlem yaptırmalıdırlar.

WOS: 000468189100013 Objective. The aim of this study was to assess artifacts generated by zirconium, titanium, and titanium-zirconium alloy implants on magnetic resonance imaging(MRI), computed tomography(CT), and cone beam computed tomography(CBCT) and to correlate the findings to the dose-area product and exposure factors on CT and CBCT. Study Design. Three phantoms were built by embedding zirconium, titanium, and titanium-zirconium implants in ultrasound gel. MRI, CT, and CBCT images were acquired by using multiple sequences and settings. For MRI, "artifact" was described as the length of signal void beyond the limits of the implant. For CT and CBCT, "artifact" was calculated by subtracting the gray level of the darkest pixel from the level of the lightest pixel. Results. On MRI, zirconium implants had minor distortion artifacts, whereas titanium and titanium-zirconium implants created extensive artifacts (P < .05). On CT and CBCT, artifacts were less prominent with titanium and titanium-zirconium implants compared with zirconium (P < .05). Titanium grade 5 implants with 0.3 and 0.4 mm(3) voxels produced the least severe artifacts. Conclusions. MRI images were less affected by artifacts from zirconium implants, whereas CT and CBCT images showed less severe artifacts from titanium and titanium-zirconium alloy implants. CT generated greater artifacts compared with CBCT. Larger CBCT voxel sizes reduced the dose-area product and the severity of artifacts.