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Trauma studies have seen rapid growth in popularity within the past two decades, moving from a psychological phenomenon to a concept utilized by literary critics, sociologists, and now biblical scholars. Yet, most of the work on trauma theory within biblical studies focuses on psychological aspects of trauma instead of sociological or cultural aspects of trauma. Drawing on Jeffery Alexander’s theory of cultural trauma, a cultural trauma reading of Micah 1–3 reveals how Micah 1–3 as a book transforms Micah’s localized psychological trauma to become a national trauma, explaining why scribes preserved Micah 1–3. Like holocaust testimony that became a cultural trauma, Micah’s testimony to his trauma became a trauma for all of Judea. To create a cultural trauma, Micah 1–3 define the trauma as divine punishment through an Assyrian invasion due to a breakdown of social order seen in the corrupt owners, rulers, and religious leaders. This cultural trauma then becomes one of the early texts to shape later biblical writers’ understanding of divine punishment. This article offers a different perspective of trauma theory and shows how cultural trauma theory explains why Micah 1–3 were preserved.

The article discusses the stages of sports selection and primary orientation in the process of long-term training in rowing. The selection criteria at each stage are disclosed. The negative aspects that hinder the effective selection of the Olympic reserve in the school, the formation of sports improvement groups and the national team of the Rostov region in rowing are analyzed. An example of the system of selection of athletes-rowers within the framework of the federal experimental site on the basis of the Rostov regional School of the Olympic Reserve is given.

The article deals with the issues of pedagogical correction of adolescents of the “risk group” by means of physical education and sports in order to form the necessary components of socialization and overcoming deviation. Sports-oriented physical education is recognized as an important means of individual pedagogical correction of deviant behavior of a teenager by means of socially acceptable formats of activity using infrastructural, organizational, methodological and human resources of municipalities of the Rostov region. The author’s concept of constructing complex conditions for the positive transformation of a developing personality by means of physical culture and sports is proposed for consideration on the example of a system model taking into account regional peculiarities.

The author of the article, using the example of the formative environment of the Olympic Reserve school, examines the issues of the development of resilience and conscious citizenship as the most significant qualities for physical improvement and patriotic education of adolescent athletes. In the difficult conditions of Russia’s international cooperation with Western countries, physical improvement and patriotic education are considered as two main vectors of training young athletes. According to the author, the basic personal qualities of the successful development of these target areas in the conditions of the Olympic reserve school, respectively, can be the resilience and conscious citizenship of students.

Cell division is fundamental for living organisms, sustaining their growth and development. During cell division a single mother cell will duplicate its genome and organelles, and give rise to two independent entities that will eventually split apart in a tightly regulated process called abscission or the final-cut. In multicellular organisms, newly born daughter cells split apart while they simultaneously need to maintain contact for intercellular communication. In this mini-review, I discuss this fascinating paradox of how cells across kingdoms combine the need to divide with the need to connect.

Background: Afghanistan is one of the biggest opium producing country in the world. There are more than a million drug addicts in the country, which most of them are living in public places. Stray dogs who lives with drug addicts are at highest risk of inhaling drugs Aim: Aim of this study is to evaluate changes in physical and biochemical parameters of stray dogs inhaling drugs. Methods: Total of 12 dogs were assigned into two groups of healthy and infected (stray dogs who inhale drugs) dogs. Physical and biochemical parameters of both groups were evaluated. Results: Subjective evaluation showed clinical changes such as congestion of conjunctiva in infected group. Biochemical examination showed significantly higher level of glucose (P

Marc Miravitlles,1 Katia Verhamme,2 Peter MA Calverley,3 Michael Dreher,4 Valentina Bayer,5 Asparuh Gardev,6 Alberto de la Hoz,6 Jadwiga Wedzicha,7 David Price8,9 1Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain; 2Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; 3Clinical Science Centre, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; 4Department of Pneumology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany; 5Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA; 6Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany; 7Head Respiratory Division, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK; 8Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore; 9Centre of Academic Primary Care, Division of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UKCorrespondence: Marc Miravitlles, Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), P° Vall d’Hebron 119-129, Barcelona, 08035, Spain, Email marcm@separ.esBackground: Recent studies report a lower mortality rate during treatment with long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA)/long-acting β2-agonist (LABA)/inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) versus LAMA/LABA in patients with symptomatic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and a history of exacerbations.Objective: We compared time to all-cause mortality with LAMA/LABA versus LAMA/LABA/ICS in patients with mild-to-very-severe COPD and a predominantly low exacerbation risk.Methods: Data were pooled from six randomized controlled trials (TONADO 1/2, DYNAGITO, WISDOM, UPLIFT and TIOSPIR; LAMA/LABA: n = 3156, LAMA/LABA/ICS: n = 11,891). Analysis was on-treatment and data were censored at 52 weeks. Patients on LAMA/LABA/ICS received ICS prior to study entry, which was not withdrawn at randomization. Patients on LAMA/LABA/ICS were propensity score (PS)-matched to patients on LAMA/LABA who had not previously received ICS; covariates included age, sex, geographical region, smoking status, post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second percent predicted, exacerbation history in previous year, body mass index and time since diagnosis. Time to all-cause mortality was assessed using Cox proportional hazard regression models.Results: After PS matching, 3133 patients on LAMA/LABA and 3133 patients on LAMA/LABA/ICS were analyzed. Fewer than 20% of patients reported ≥ 2 exacerbations in the prior year (LAMA/LABA: 19.1%; LAMA/LABA/ICS: 19.0%). There were 41 (1.3%) deaths on LAMA/LABA and 45 (1.4%) deaths on LAMA/LABA/ICS. No statistically significant difference in time to death was observed between treatment arms (hazard ratio for LAMA/LABA 1.06; 95% confidence intervals 0.68, 1.64; P = 0.806). Sensitivity analyses conducted using different covariates or in an intent-to-treat population showed similar results.Conclusion: This pooled analysis of over 6000 patients with mild-to-very-severe COPD and predominantly low exacerbation risk showed no differences in mortality with LAMA/LABA versus LAMA/LABA/ICS, suggesting that the survival benefit of triple therapy seen in some recent studies may be specific to a high-risk population. This supports current Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease recommendations that triple therapy should be reserved for the subpopulations of patients who need it the most (eg, those with an eosinophilic phenotype and a high risk of exacerbations) to avoid ICS overuse.Graphical Abstract: Keywords: COPD, exacerbation history, inhaled corticosteroid, long-acting β2-agonist, long-acting muscarinic antagonist, mortality

Snowfall and ice formation on road surface significantly impact the safety of driving conditions. To resolve this, every year salt and de-icing chemicals are sprinkled on roads. However, use of salts and snow ploughing have environmental as well as economical disadvantages. To resolve these problems, hydronic road heating systems are valid alternatives. Heat transfer fluid, i.e. mixture of ethanol and water, is pumped into a tubular circulation system under the asphalt. By this technology, the road and pavements shall stay ice-free even in times of snowfall and temperatures below the freezing point. The system can also be used to cool the asphalt in case of extreme heat, which – besides the heating effect – could also prevent road from damages in extreme summers. This study aims to compare the environmental impact of use of salts and road-heating system in terms of GHG emissions. To assess the environmental impact, an operational road heating system for a ramp in Ingolstadt, Germany, is considered. A cradle-to-grave analysis technique is used to determine the environmental effects based on a life-cycle assessment (LCA) framework. The analysis includes nine components solemnly responsible for hydronic heating of asphalt surface such as local heating pipe, insulation, pumps, and heat meters. Comparison is performed in terms of relative and total impact over 50-year lifetime of three heated ramps having 1989 m2 surface area in total. The results show that the asphalt and heating-circuit causes the major fraction (65 %) of overall GHG emissions, with total life-time emissions of 28.10 kg CO2 eq./m2 of heated surface. During an operational life of 50 years, road heating systems emit 18 % less CO2 eq./m2 as compared to the use of salts.