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The purpose of this paper is to propose the quasi-linear theory of tsunami run-up and run-down on a beach with complex bottom topography. We begin with the one-dimensional nonlinear shallow-water wave equations, which we consider over a beach of complex geometry that can be modeled by a piecewise continuous function, along with several natural initial and boundary conditions. The primary obstacle in solving this problem is the moving boundary associated with the shoreline motion. To avoid this difficulty, we replace the moving boundary with a stationary boundary by applying a transformation to the spatial variable of the computational domain. A characteristic feature of any tsunami problem is the smallness of the parameter ε=η0/h0, where η0 is the characteristic amplitude of the wave, and h0 is the characteristic depth of the ocean. The presence of this small parameter enables us to effectively linearize the problem by using the method of perturbations, which leads to an analytical solution via an integral transformation. This analytical solution assumes that there is no wave breaking. In light of this assumption, we introduce the wave no-breaking criterion and determine bounds for the applicability of our theory. The proposed model can be readily used to investigate the tsunami run-up and draw-down for different sea bottom profiles. The novel particular solution, when the seafloor is described by the piecewise linear function, is obtained, and the effects of the different beach profiles and initial wave locations are considered.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to reveal the effects of hypoxia-associated signaling in odontogenic cysts., Design: The expression levels of genes involved in the hypoxia-associated signaling pathway were determined by quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method., Results: As a result, it was found that phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression was low (p = 0.037), and the expression levels of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) (p = 0.0127), hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1A) (p < 0.001), and HIF1A antisense RNA 1 (HIF1A-AS1) (p = 0.0218) were higher in cyst tissue compared to normal tissue. HIF1A gene expression was found to be significantly altered according to the pathologic subtypes of odontogenic keratocyst, dentigerous cyst, and radicular cyst., Conclusions: Odontogenic cysts were found to have higher expression of HIF1A and HIF1A-AS1, which may be related to the increased hypoxia in these lesions. In addition, PI3K/Akt signaling may be stimulated by increased PIK3CA and decreased PTEN expression, which promote cell survival and support the mechanism of cyst formation., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: We investigated the effects of various biochemical agents on the etiopathogenesis of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS)., Methods: We enrolled 70 RAS patients and 70 healthy volunteers. Peripheral venous blood samples were collected. We performed complete blood counts, then measured the levels of ferritin, vitamin B12, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, calcium, thyroid-stimulating hormone, T3, T4, and 25-hydroxy D3., Results: The groups did not differ in terms of age (p = 0.912) or sex (p = 0.612). The levels of ferritin and 25-hydroxy vitamin D were significantly lower in RAS patients (both p ˂ 0.05)., Conclusion: Vitamin D and/or ferritin deficiency may induce RAS. Measurements of vitamin D and ferritin may assist diagnosis and follow-up., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The study's authors have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: YouTube™ has become a widely used resource of information about health-related topics nowadays. This cross-sectional study has aimed to analyze the content and quality of YouTube™ videos on orthognathic surgery., Methods: In our study, six orthognathic surgery-related keywords (Le Fort I osteotomy, sagittal split osteotomy, jaw surgery, jaw correction surgery, orthodontic surgery, and orthognathic surgery) were used to search on YouTube™. Only the videos in English, which had visually and audibly acceptable quality and were mainly about orthognathic surgery, were chosen from the videos. A total of 360 videos were selected, the top 60 videos for each search term, and sorted according to view count. Of these videos, the first 60 videos were analyzed. Video source (independent or educational), duration, number of views, likes, and dislikes were recorded for each video. Moreover, two impartial observers evaluated the visibility, popularity, quality, usefulness, and reliability of the videos., Results: 41 of 60 videos were of independent sources while 19 of them were of educational origin. Information content of the videos was found to be insufficient. No significant difference was determined between independent and educational videos in terms of popularity, visibility, usefulness and quality analysis of the videos (p > 0.05), but a significant difference was found in terms of reliability values (p < 0.05)., Conclusion: It can be said that YouTube™ videos were not a reliable and accurate enough source of information when evaluated in terms of orthognathic surgery-related content and quality. Therefore, the information content provided by specialists and health institutions, in particular, should be increased in number, thereby making access to better quality information on orthognathic surgery easy for patients., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

In this research, land cover changes in the coastal region of Turkey were analyzed using the Corine dataset between 1990 and 2018. Changes in each period were analyzed by using the rate of change and the annual rate of change, the transition matrix of net changes, and the transition probability matrix. In order to predict land cover change trends and to determine future land cover change probabilities, a combination of Markov and cellular automata models was used. It was determined that the highest increase in each study period was in artificial surfaces and the highest decrease was in the forest and the semi-natural area. The total forest areas were converted to the other land cover type in the first study period amounting to 2479.32 km 2 . Also, it was decreased and transformed by about 62.47 km 2 , 118.82 km 2 , and 203.09 km 2 of the forest area that existed in the second, third, and fourth periods respectively. The results indicate that the probabilities of the increasing area will be covered by artificial surfaces and agricultural areas. It is estimated that the rate of 57% in 1990, the initial year of the forest areas, will decrease to 53.4% in 2034 and to 53% in 2050. Also, the rate of 2.1% in 1990, the initial year of the artificial surfaces, will increase to 4.5% in 2034 and to 5.0% in 2050. It is seen that more artificial surfaces will be needed in the Turkish coastal region due to the increasing population and number of tourists. It is important to evaluate and investigate the coastal areas where more artificial areas are expected to be needed within the scope of the coastal area management plans to be prepared at the national scale., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)