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3. Multi-omics data integration methods and their applications in psychiatric disorders

Author

Sathyanarayanan, A., Mueller, T.T., Moni, M.A., Schüler, K., Baune, B.T., Lio, P., Mehta, D., Janzing, J.G.E., Westrhenen, R. van, Xicota, L., Sathyanarayanan, A., Mueller, T.T., Moni, M.A., Schüler, K., Baune, B.T., Lio, P., Mehta, D., Janzing, J.G.E., Westrhenen, R. van, and Xicota, L.

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext

Published
2023

6. Association between polygenic risk scores of subcortical brain volumes and antidepressant response: a meta-analysis

Author

Oliva, V., primary, Martone, A., additional, Fanelli, G., additional, Domschke, K., additional, Minelli, A., additional, Gennarelli, M., additional, Martini, P., additional, Bortolomasi, M., additional, Maron, E., additional, Squassina, A., additional, Kasper, S., additional, Zohar, J., additional, Souery, D., additional, Montgomery, S., additional, Albani, D., additional, Forloni, G., additional, Ferentinos, P., additional, Rujescu, D., additional, Mendlewicz, J., additional, De Ronchi, D., additional, Baune, B.T., additional, Serretti, A., additional, and Fabbri, C., additional

Published
2023
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11. Sex-Dependent Shared and Nonshared Genetic Architecture Across Mood and Psychotic Disorders

Author

Blokland, G.A., Grove, J, Chen, C.Y., Cotsapas, C., Tobet, S., Handa, R., Clair, D. St, Lencz, T., Mowry, B.J., Periyasamy, S., Cairns, M.J., Tooney, P.A., Wu, J.Q., Kelly, B., Kirov, G., Sullivan, P.F., Corvin, A., Riley, B.P., Esko, T., Milani, L., Jönsson, E.G., Palotie, A., Ehrenreich, H., Begemann, M., Steixner-Kumar, A., Sham, P.C., Iwata, N., Weinberger, D.R., Gejman, P.V., Sanders, A.R., Buxbaum, J.D., Rujescu, D., Giegling, I., Konte, B., Hartmann, A.M., Bramon, E., Murray, R.M., Pato, M.T., Lee, J., Melle, I., Molden, E., Ophoff, R.A., McQuillin, A., Bass, N.J., Adolfsson, R., Malhotra, A.K., Martin, N.G., Fullerton, J.M., Mitchell, P.B., Schofield, P.R., Forstner, A.J., Degenhardt, F., Schaupp, S., Comes, A.L., Kogevinas, M., Guzman-Parra, J., Reif, A., Streit, F., Sirignano, L., Cichon, S., Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, M., Hauser, J., Lissowska, J., Mayoral, F., Müller-Myhsok, B., Świątkowska, B., Schulze, T.G., Nöthen, M.M., Rietschel, M., Kelsoe, J., Leboyer, M., Jamain, S., Etain, B., Bellivier, F., Vincent, J.B., Alda, M., O'Donovan, C., Cervantes, P., Biernacka, J.M., Frye, M., McElroy, S.L., Scott, L.J., Stahl, E.A., Landén, M., Hamshere, M.L., Smeland, O.B., Djurovic, S., Vaaler, A.E., Andreassen, O.A., Baune, B.T., Air, T., Preisig, M., Uher, R., Levinson, D.F., Weissman, M.M., Potash, J.B., Shi, J., Knowles, J.A., Bralten, J.B., Perlis, R.H., Lucae, S., Blokland, G.A., Grove, J, Chen, C.Y., Cotsapas, C., Tobet, S., Handa, R., Clair, D. St, Lencz, T., Mowry, B.J., Periyasamy, S., Cairns, M.J., Tooney, P.A., Wu, J.Q., Kelly, B., Kirov, G., Sullivan, P.F., Corvin, A., Riley, B.P., Esko, T., Milani, L., Jönsson, E.G., Palotie, A., Ehrenreich, H., Begemann, M., Steixner-Kumar, A., Sham, P.C., Iwata, N., Weinberger, D.R., Gejman, P.V., Sanders, A.R., Buxbaum, J.D., Rujescu, D., Giegling, I., Konte, B., Hartmann, A.M., Bramon, E., Murray, R.M., Pato, M.T., Lee, J., Melle, I., Molden, E., Ophoff, R.A., McQuillin, A., Bass, N.J., Adolfsson, R., Malhotra, A.K., Martin, N.G., Fullerton, J.M., Mitchell, P.B., Schofield, P.R., Forstner, A.J., Degenhardt, F., Schaupp, S., Comes, A.L., Kogevinas, M., Guzman-Parra, J., Reif, A., Streit, F., Sirignano, L., Cichon, S., Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, M., Hauser, J., Lissowska, J., Mayoral, F., Müller-Myhsok, B., Świątkowska, B., Schulze, T.G., Nöthen, M.M., Rietschel, M., Kelsoe, J., Leboyer, M., Jamain, S., Etain, B., Bellivier, F., Vincent, J.B., Alda, M., O'Donovan, C., Cervantes, P., Biernacka, J.M., Frye, M., McElroy, S.L., Scott, L.J., Stahl, E.A., Landén, M., Hamshere, M.L., Smeland, O.B., Djurovic, S., Vaaler, A.E., Andreassen, O.A., Baune, B.T., Air, T., Preisig, M., Uher, R., Levinson, D.F., Weissman, M.M., Potash, J.B., Shi, J., Knowles, J.A., Bralten, J.B., Perlis, R.H., and Lucae, S.

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext, BACKGROUND: Sex differences in incidence and/or presentation of schizophrenia (SCZ), major depressive disorder (MDD), and bipolar disorder (BIP) are pervasive. Previous evidence for shared genetic risk and sex differences in brain abnormalities across disorders suggest possible shared sex-dependent genetic risk. METHODS: We conducted the largest to date genome-wide genotype-by-sex (G×S) interaction of risk for these disorders using 85,735 cases (33,403 SCZ, 19,924 BIP, and 32,408 MDD) and 109,946 controls from the PGC (Psychiatric Genomics Consortium) and iPSYCH. RESULTS: Across disorders, genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphism-by-sex interaction was detected for a locus encompassing NKAIN2 (rs117780815, p = 3.2 × 10(-8)), which interacts with sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase (adenosine triphosphatase) enzymes, implicating neuronal excitability. Three additional loci showed evidence (p < 1 × 10(-6)) for cross-disorder G×S interaction (rs7302529, p = 1.6 × 10(-7); rs73033497, p = 8.8 × 10(-7); rs7914279, p = 6.4 × 10(-7)), implicating various functions. Gene-based analyses identified G×S interaction across disorders (p = 8.97 × 10(-7)) with transcriptional inhibitor SLTM. Most significant in SCZ was a MOCOS gene locus (rs11665282, p = 1.5 × 10(-7)), implicating vascular endothelial cells. Secondary analysis of the PGC-SCZ dataset detected an interaction (rs13265509, p = 1.1 × 10(-7)) in a locus containing IDO2, a kynurenine pathway enzyme with immunoregulatory functions implicated in SCZ, BIP, and MDD. Pathway enrichment analysis detected significant G×S interaction of genes regulating vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling in MDD (false discovery rate-corrected p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: In the largest genome-wide G×S analysis of mood and psychotic disorders to date, there was substantial genetic overlap between the sexes. However, significant sex-dependent effects were enriched for genes related to neuronal development and immune and

Published
2022

12. In vivo hippocampal subfield volumes in bipolar disorder-A mega-analysis from The Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis Bipolar Disorder Working Group

Author

Haukvik, U.K., Gurholt, T.P., Nerland, S., Elvsåshagen, T., Akudjedu, T.N., Alda, M., Alnaes, D., Alonso-Lana, S., Bauer, J., Baune, B.T., Benedetti, F. De, Berk, M., Bettella, F., Bøen, E., Bonnín, C.M., Brambilla, P., Canales-Rodríguez, E.J., Cannon, D.M., Caseras, X., Dandash, O., Dannlowski, U., Delvecchio, G., Díaz-Zuluaga, A.M., Erp, T.G. van, Fatjó-Vilas, M., Foley, S.F., Förster, K., Fullerton, J.M., Goikolea, J.M., Grotegerd, D., Gruber, O., Haarman, B.C.M., Haatveit, B., Hajek, T., Hallahan, B., Harris, M., Hawkins, E.L., Howells, F.M., Hülsmann, C., Jahanshad, N., Jørgensen, K.N., Kircher, T., Krämer, B., Krug, A., Kuplicki, R., Lagerberg, T.V., Lancaster, T.M., Lenroot, R.K., Lonning, V., López-Jaramillo, C., Malt, U.F., McDonald, C., McIntosh, A.M., McPhilemy, G., Meer, D. van der, Melle, I., Melloni, E.M.T., Mitchell, P.B., Nabulsi, L., Nenadić, I., Oertel, V., Oldani, L., Opel, N., Otaduy, M.C.G., Overs, B.J., Pineda-Zapata, J.A., Pomarol-Clotet, E., Radua, J., Rauer, L., Redlich, R., Repple, J., Rive, M.M., Roberts, G., Ruhe, H.G., Salminen, L.E., Salvador, R., Sarró, S., Savitz, J., Schene, A.H., Sim, K., Soeiro-de-Souza, M.G., Stäblein, M., Stein, D.J., Stein, F., Tamnes, C.K., Temmingh, H.S., Thomopoulos, S.I., Veltman, D.J., Vieta, E., Waltemate, L., Westlye, L.T., Whalley, H.C., Sämann, P.G., Thompson, P.M., Ching, C.R., Andreassen, O.A., Agartz, I., Haukvik, U.K., Gurholt, T.P., Nerland, S., Elvsåshagen, T., Akudjedu, T.N., Alda, M., Alnaes, D., Alonso-Lana, S., Bauer, J., Baune, B.T., Benedetti, F. De, Berk, M., Bettella, F., Bøen, E., Bonnín, C.M., Brambilla, P., Canales-Rodríguez, E.J., Cannon, D.M., Caseras, X., Dandash, O., Dannlowski, U., Delvecchio, G., Díaz-Zuluaga, A.M., Erp, T.G. van, Fatjó-Vilas, M., Foley, S.F., Förster, K., Fullerton, J.M., Goikolea, J.M., Grotegerd, D., Gruber, O., Haarman, B.C.M., Haatveit, B., Hajek, T., Hallahan, B., Harris, M., Hawkins, E.L., Howells, F.M., Hülsmann, C., Jahanshad, N., Jørgensen, K.N., Kircher, T., Krämer, B., Krug, A., Kuplicki, R., Lagerberg, T.V., Lancaster, T.M., Lenroot, R.K., Lonning, V., López-Jaramillo, C., Malt, U.F., McDonald, C., McIntosh, A.M., McPhilemy, G., Meer, D. van der, Melle, I., Melloni, E.M.T., Mitchell, P.B., Nabulsi, L., Nenadić, I., Oertel, V., Oldani, L., Opel, N., Otaduy, M.C.G., Overs, B.J., Pineda-Zapata, J.A., Pomarol-Clotet, E., Radua, J., Rauer, L., Redlich, R., Repple, J., Rive, M.M., Roberts, G., Ruhe, H.G., Salminen, L.E., Salvador, R., Sarró, S., Savitz, J., Schene, A.H., Sim, K., Soeiro-de-Souza, M.G., Stäblein, M., Stein, D.J., Stein, F., Tamnes, C.K., Temmingh, H.S., Thomopoulos, S.I., Veltman, D.J., Vieta, E., Waltemate, L., Westlye, L.T., Whalley, H.C., Sämann, P.G., Thompson, P.M., Ching, C.R., Andreassen, O.A., and Agartz, I.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 252169.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), The hippocampus consists of anatomically and functionally distinct subfields that may be differentially involved in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD). Here we, the Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis Bipolar Disorder workinggroup, study hippocampal subfield volumetry in BD. T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans from 4,698 individuals (BD = 1,472, healthy controls [HC] = 3,226) from 23 sites worldwide were processed with FreeSurfer. We used linear mixed-effects models and mega-analysis to investigate differences in hippocampal subfield volumes between BD and HC, followed by analyses of clinical characteristics and medication use. BD showed significantly smaller volumes of the whole hippocampus (Cohen's d = -0.20), cornu ammonis (CA)1 (d = -0.18), CA2/3 (d = -0.11), CA4 (d = -0.19), molecular layer (d = -0.21), granule cell layer of dentate gyrus (d = -0.21), hippocampal tail (d = -0.10), subiculum (d = -0.15), presubiculum (d = -0.18), and hippocampal amygdala transition area (d = -0.17) compared to HC. Lithium users did not show volume differences compared to HC, while non-users did. Antipsychotics or antiepileptic use was associated with smaller volumes. In this largest study of hippocampal subfields in BD to date, we show widespread reductions in nine of 12 subfields studied. The associations were modulated by medication use and specifically the lack of differences between lithium users and HC supports a possible protective role of lithium in BD.

Published
2022

13. What we learn about bipolar disorder from large-scale neuroimaging: Findings and future directions from the ENIGMA Bipolar Disorder Working Group

Author

Ching, C.R., Hibar, D.P., Gurholt, T.P., Nunes, A., Thomopoulos, S.I., Abé, C., Agartz, I., Brouwer, R.M., Cannon, D.M., Zwarte, S.M.C. de, Eyler, L.T., Favre, P., Hajek, T., Haukvik, U.K., Houenou, J., Landén, M., Lett, T.A., McDonald, C., Nabulsi, L., Patel, Y., Pauling, M.E., Paus, T., Radua, J., Soeiro-de-Souza, M.G., Tronchin, G., Haren, N.E.M. van, Vieta, E., Walter, H., Zeng, L.L., Alda, M., Almeida, J., Alnaes, D., Alonso-Lana, S., Altimus, C., Bauer, M, Baune, B.T., Bearden, C.E., Bellani, M., Benedetti, F. De, Berk, M., Bilderbeck, A.C., Blumberg, H.P., Bøen, E., Bollettini, I., Bonnin, C. Del Mar, Brambilla, P., Canales-Rodríguez, E.J., Caseras, X., Dandash, O., Dannlowski, U., Delvecchio, G., Díaz-Zuluaga, A.M., Dima, D., Duchesnay, É., Elvsåshagen, T., Fears, S.C., Frangou, S., Fullerton, J.M., Glahn, D.C., Goikolea, J.M., Green, M.J., Grotegerd, D., Gruber, O., Haarman, B.C.M., Henry, C., Howells, F.M., Ives-Deliperi, V., Jansen, Andreas, Kircher, T.T.J., Knöchel, C., Kramer, B., Lafer, B., López-Jaramillo, C., Machado-Vieira, R., MacIntosh, B.J., Melloni, E.M.T., Mitchell, P.B., Nenadic, I., Nery, F., Nugent, A.C., Oertel, V., Ophoff, R.A., Ota, M., Overs, B.J., Pham, D.L., Phillips, M.L., Pineda-Zapata, J.A., Poletti, S., Polosan, M., Pomarol-Clotet, E., Pouchon, A., Quidé, Y., Rive, M.M., Roberts, G., Ruhe, H.G., Salvador, R., Sarró, S., Satterthwaite, T.D., Schene, A.H., Sim, K., Thompson, P.M., Andreassen, O.A., Ching, C.R., Hibar, D.P., Gurholt, T.P., Nunes, A., Thomopoulos, S.I., Abé, C., Agartz, I., Brouwer, R.M., Cannon, D.M., Zwarte, S.M.C. de, Eyler, L.T., Favre, P., Hajek, T., Haukvik, U.K., Houenou, J., Landén, M., Lett, T.A., McDonald, C., Nabulsi, L., Patel, Y., Pauling, M.E., Paus, T., Radua, J., Soeiro-de-Souza, M.G., Tronchin, G., Haren, N.E.M. van, Vieta, E., Walter, H., Zeng, L.L., Alda, M., Almeida, J., Alnaes, D., Alonso-Lana, S., Altimus, C., Bauer, M, Baune, B.T., Bearden, C.E., Bellani, M., Benedetti, F. De, Berk, M., Bilderbeck, A.C., Blumberg, H.P., Bøen, E., Bollettini, I., Bonnin, C. Del Mar, Brambilla, P., Canales-Rodríguez, E.J., Caseras, X., Dandash, O., Dannlowski, U., Delvecchio, G., Díaz-Zuluaga, A.M., Dima, D., Duchesnay, É., Elvsåshagen, T., Fears, S.C., Frangou, S., Fullerton, J.M., Glahn, D.C., Goikolea, J.M., Green, M.J., Grotegerd, D., Gruber, O., Haarman, B.C.M., Henry, C., Howells, F.M., Ives-Deliperi, V., Jansen, Andreas, Kircher, T.T.J., Knöchel, C., Kramer, B., Lafer, B., López-Jaramillo, C., Machado-Vieira, R., MacIntosh, B.J., Melloni, E.M.T., Mitchell, P.B., Nenadic, I., Nery, F., Nugent, A.C., Oertel, V., Ophoff, R.A., Ota, M., Overs, B.J., Pham, D.L., Phillips, M.L., Pineda-Zapata, J.A., Poletti, S., Polosan, M., Pomarol-Clotet, E., Pouchon, A., Quidé, Y., Rive, M.M., Roberts, G., Ruhe, H.G., Salvador, R., Sarró, S., Satterthwaite, T.D., Schene, A.H., Sim, K., Thompson, P.M., and Andreassen, O.A.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 252204.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), MRI-derived brain measures offer a link between genes, the environment and behavior and have been widely studied in bipolar disorder (BD). However, many neuroimaging studies of BD have been underpowered, leading to varied results and uncertainty regarding effects. The Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Bipolar Disorder Working Group was formed in 2012 to empower discoveries, generate consensus findings and inform future hypothesis-driven studies of BD. Through this effort, over 150 researchers from 20 countries and 55 institutions pool data and resources to produce the largest neuroimaging studies of BD ever conducted. The ENIGMA Bipolar Disorder Working Group applies standardized processing and analysis techniques to empower large-scale meta- and mega-analyses of multimodal brain MRI and improve the replicability of studies relating brain variation to clinical and genetic data. Initial BD Working Group studies reveal widespread patterns of lower cortical thickness, subcortical volume and disrupted white matter integrity associated with BD. Findings also include mapping brain alterations of common medications like lithium, symptom patterns and clinical risk profiles and have provided further insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of BD. Here we discuss key findings from the BD working group, its ongoing projects and future directions for large-scale, collaborative studies of mental illness.

Published
2022

16. Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2019: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author

Abbafati, C., Machado, D.B., Cislaghi, B., Salman, O.M., Karanikolos, M., McKee, M., Abbas, K.M., Brady, O.J., Larson, H.J., Trias-Llimós, S., Cummins, S., Langan, S.M., Sartorius, B., Hafiz, A., Jenabi, E., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N., Borzouei, S., Azarian, G., Khazaei, S., Abbasi, M., Asghari, B., Masoumi, S., Komaki, H., Taherkhani, A., Adabi, M., Abbasifard, M., Bazmandegan, G., Kamiab, Z., Vakilian, A., Anjomshoa, M., Mokari, A., Sabour, S., Shahbaz, M., Saeedi, R., Ahmadieh, H., Yousefinezhadi, T., Haj-Mirzaian, A., Nikbakhsh, R., Safi, S., Asgari, S., Irvani, S.N., Jahanmehr, N., Ramezanzadeh, K., Abbasi-Kangevari, M., Khayamzadeh, M., Abbastabar, H., Shirkoohi, R., Fazlzadeh, M., Janjani, H., Hosseini, M., Mansournia, M., Tohidinik, H., Bakhtiari, A., Fazaeli, A., Mousavi, S., Hasanzadeh, A., Nabavizadeh, B., Malekzadeh, R., Hashemian, M., Pourshams, A., Salimzadeh, H., Sepanlou, S.G., Afarideh, M., Esteghamati, A., Esteghamati, S., Ghajar, A., Heidari, B., Rezaei, N., Mohamadi, E., Rahimi-Movaghar, A., Rahim, F., Eskandarieh, S., Sahraian, M., Mohebi, F., Aminorroaya, A., Ebrahimi, H., Farzadfar, F., Mohajer, B., Pishgar, F., Saeedi Moghaddam, S., Shabani, M., Zarafshan, H., Abolhassani, H., Hafezi-Nejad, N., Heidari-Soureshjani, R., Abdollahi, M., Farahmand, M., Salamati, P., Mehrabi Nasab, E., Tajdini, M., Aghamir, S., Mirzaei, R., Dibaji Forooshani, Z., Khater, M.M., Abd-Allah, F., Abdelalim, A., Abualhasan, A., El-Jaafary, S.I., Hassan, A., Elsharkawy, A., Khater, A.M., Elhabashy, H.R., Salem, M.R.R., Salem, H., Sadeghi, M., Jafarinia, M., Amini-Rarani, M., Mohammadifard, N., Sarrafzadegan, N., Abdollahpour, I., Sarveazad, A., Tehrani-Banihashemi, A., Yoosefi Lebni, J., Manafi, N., Pazoki Toroudi, H., Dorostkar, F., Alipour, V., Sheikhtaheri, A., Arabloo, J., Azari, S., Ghashghaee, A., Rezapour, A., Naserbakht, M., Kabir, A., Mehri, F., Yousefifard, M., Asadi-Aliabadi, M., Babaee, E., Eshrati, B., Goharinezhad, S., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Abedi, P., Rashedi, V., Kumar, V., Elgendy, I.Y., Basu, S., Park, J., Pereira, A., Norheim, O.F., Eagan, A.W., Cahill, L.E., Sheikh, A., Abushouk, A.I., Kraemer, M.U.G., Thakur, B., Bärnighausen, T.W., Shrime, M.G., Abedi, A., Doshi, C.P., Abegaz, K.H., Geberemariyam, B.S., Aynalem, Y.A., Shiferaw, W.S., Abosetugn, A.E., Aboyans, V., Abrams, E.M., Gitimoghaddam, M., Kissoon, N., Stubbs, J.L., Brauer, M., Iyamu, I.O., Kopec, J.A., Pourmalek, F., Ribeiro, A.P., Malta, D.C., Gomez, R.S., Abreu, L.G., Abrigo, M.R.M., Almulhim, A.M., Dahlawi, S.M.A., Pottoo, F.H., Menezes, R.G., Alanzi, T.M., Alumran, A.K., Abu Haimed, A.K., Madadin, M., Alanezi, F.M., Abu-Gharbieh, E., Saddik, B., Abu-Raddad, L.J., Samy, A.M., El Nahas, N., Shalash, A.S., Nabhan, A.F., Kamath, A.M., Kassebaum, N.J., Aravkin, A.Y., Kochhar, S., Sorensen, R.J.D., Afshin, A., Burkart, K., Cromwell, E.A., Dandona, L., Dharmaratne, S.D., Gakidou, E., Hay, S.I., Kyu, H.H., Lopez, A.D., Lozano, R., Misganaw, A.T., Mokdad, A.H., Naghavi, M., Pigott, D.M., Reiner Jr, R.C., Roth, G.A., Stanaway, J.D., Vollset, S., Vos, T., Wang, H., Lim, S.S., Murray, C.J.L., Kalani, R., Ikuta, K.S., Cho, D.Y., Kneib, C.J., Crowe, C.S., Massenburg, B.B., Morrison, S.D., Acebedo, A., Adelson, J.D., Agesa, K.M., Alam, T., Albertson, S.B., Anderson, J.A., Antony, C.M., Ashbaugh, C., Assmus, M., Azhar, G., Balassyano, S., Bannick, M.S., Barthelemy, C.M., Bender, R.G., Bennitt, F.B., Bertolacci, G.J., Biehl, M.H., Bisignano, C., Boon-Dooley, A.S., Briant, P.S., Bryazka, D., Bumgarner, B.R., Callender, C.S., Cao, J., Castle, C.D., Castro, E., Causey, K., Cercy, K.M., Chalek, J., Charlson, F.J., Cohen, A.J., Comfort, H., Compton, K., Croneberger, A.J., Cruz, J.A., Cunningham, M., Dandona, R., Dangel, W.J., Dean, F.E., DeCleene, N.K., Deen, A., Degenhardt, L., Dingels, Z.V., Dippenaar, I.N., Dirac, M.A., Dolgert, A.J., Emmons-Bell, S., Estep, K., Farag, T., Feigin, V.L., Feldman, R., Ferrara, G., Ferrari, A.J., Fitzgerald, R., Force, L.M., Fox, J.T., Frank, T.D., Fu, W., Fukutaki, K., Fuller, J.E., Fullman, N., Galles, N.C., Gardner, W.M., Gershberg Hayoon, A., Goren, E., Gorman, T.M., Gottlich, H.C., Guo, G., Haddock, B., Hagins, H., Haile, L.M., Hamilton, E.B., Han, C., Han, H., Harvey, J.D., Henny, K., Henrikson, H.J., Henry, N.J., Herbert, M.E., Hsiao, T., Huynh, C.K., Iannucci, V.C., Ippolito, H., Irvine, C.M.S., Jafari, H., Jahagirdar, D., James, S.L., Johnson, C.O., Johnson, S.C., Keller, C., Kemmer, L., Kendrick, P.J., Knight, M., Kocarnik, J.M., Krohn, K.J., Larson, S.L., Lau, K.M., Ledesma, J.R., Leever, A.T., LeGrand, K.E., Lescinsky, H., Lin, C., Liu, H., Liu, Z., Lo, J., Lu, A., Ma, J., Maddison, E.R., Manguerra, H., Marks, A., Martopullo, I., Mastrogiacomo, C.I., May, E.A., Mooney, M.D., Mosser, J.F., Mullany, E.C., Mumford, J., Munro, S.B., Nandakumar, V., Nguyen, J., Nguyen, M., Nichols, E., Nixon, M.R., Odell, C.M., Ong, K.L., Orji, A.U., Ostroff, S.M., Pasovic, M., Paulson, K.R., Pease, S.A., Pennini, A., 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Mekonnen, Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork, Gething, Peter W, Ghamari, Farhad, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Gholamian, Asadollah, Gilani, Syed Amir, Gitimoghaddam, Mojgan, Glushkova, Ekaterina Vladimirovna, Gnedovskaya, Elena V, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goulart, Alessandra C, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Subodh Sharan, Haagsma, Juanita A, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, Halvaei, Iman, Hamadeh, Randah R, Hamagharib Abdullah, Kanaan, Han, Chieh, Handiso, Demelash Woldeyohanne, Hankey, Graeme J, Haririan, Hamidreza, Haro, Josep Maria, Hasaballah, Ahmed I, Hassanipour, Soheil, Hassankhani, Hadi, Hay, Simon I, Heibati, Behzad, Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza, Henny, Kiana, Henry, Nathaniel J, Herteliu, Claudiu, Heydarpour, Fatemeh, Hole, Michael K, Hoogar, Praveen, Hosgood, H Dean, Hossain, Naznin, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Househ, Mowafa, Hoy, Damian G, Hu, Guoqing, Huda, Tanvir M, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Ikuta, Kevin S, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Irena M, Ilic, Milena D, Imani-Nasab, Mohammad Hasan, Islam, Mdmohaimenul, Iso, Hiroyasu, Iwu, Chinwe Juliana, Jaafari, Jalil, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Jahagirdar, Deepa, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jalali, Amir, Jalilian, Farzad, James, Spencer L, Janjani, Hosna, Jenabi, Ensiyeh, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jha, Vivekanand, Ji, John S, Jonas, Jost B, Joukar, Farahnaz, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Zubair, Kalani, Hamed, Kalankesh, Leila R, Kamiab, Zahra, Kanchan, Tanuj, Kapoor, Neeti, Karch, André, Karimi, Salah Eddin, Karimi, Seyed Asaad, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kawakami, Norito, Kayode, Gbenga A, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Keller, Cathleen, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalid, Nauman, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Maseer, Khang, Young-Ho, Khater, Amir M, Khater, Mona M, Khazaei, Salman, Khazaie, Habibolah, Khodayari, Mohammad Taghi, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kianipour, Neda, Kim, Cho-il, Kim, Young-Eun, Kim, Yun Jin, Kinfu, Yohanne, Kisa, Adnan, Kisa, Sezer, Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna, Kivimäki, Mika, Komaki, Hamidreza, Kopec, Jacek A, Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael A, Krishan, Kewal, Krohn, Kris J, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kumar, G Anil, Kumar, Manasi, Kumar, Pushpendra, Kumar, Vivek, Kusuma, Dian, Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lacey, Ben, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lami, Faris Hasan, Lansky, Sonia, Larson, Samantha Leigh, Larsson, Anders O, Lasrado, Savita, Lassi, Zohra S, Lazarus, Jeffrey V, Lee, Paul H, Lee, Shaun Wen Huey, Leever, Andrew T, Legrand, Kate E, Leonardi, Matilde, Li, Shanshan, Lim, Lee-Ling, Lim, Stephen S, Linn, Shai, Lodha, Rakesh, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Lopez, Alan D, Lopukhov, Platon D, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lozano, Rafael, Lu, Alton, Lunevicius, Raimunda, Madadin, Mohammed, Maddison, Emilie R, Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan, Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed, Mahasha, Phetole Walter, Mahdavi, Mokhtar Mahdavi, Malekzadeh, Reza, Mamun, Abdullah A, Manafi, Navid, Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz, Mansouri, Borhan, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mapoma, Chabila Christopher, Martini, Santi, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Masaka, Anthony, Mastrogiacomo, Claudia I, Mathur, Manu Raj, May, Erin A, Mcalinden, Colm, Mcgrath, John J, Mckee, Martin, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mehri, Fereshteh, Mehta, Kala M, Meitei, Wahengbam Bigyananda, Memiah, Peter T N, Mendoza, Walter, Menezes, Ritesh G, Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku, Mensah, George A, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Michalek, Irmina Maria, Mihretie, Kebadnew Mulatu, Miller, Ted R, Mills, Edward J, Milne, George J, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Mirzaei, Hamed, Mirzaei, Maryam, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mehdi, Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen, Moazen, Babak, Moghadaszadeh, Masoud, Mohamadi, Efat, Mohammad, Dara K, Mohammad, Yousef, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser, Mohammadbeigi, Abolfazl, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, Mohammed, Hussen, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohebi, Farnam, Mohseni Bandpei, Mohammad A, Mokari, Amin, Mokdad, Ali H, Momen, Natalie C, Monasta, Lorenzo, Mooney, Meghan D, Moradi, Ghobad, Moradi, Masoud, Moradi-Joo, Mohammad, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah, Moraga, Paula, Moreno Velásquez, Ilai, Morgado-da-Costa, Joana, Morrison, Shane Dougla, Mosser, Jonathan F, Mouodi, Simin, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Mousavi Khaneghah, Amin, Mueller, Ulrich Otto, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Muthupandian, Saravanan, Nabavizadeh, Behnam, Naderi, Mehdi, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naghshtabrizi, Behshad, Naik, Gurudatta, Najafi, Farid, Nangia, Vinay, Nansseu, Jobert Richie, Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Ngunjiri, Josephine W, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Nigatu, Yeshambel T, Nikbakhsh, Rajan, Nikpoor, Amin Reza, Nixon, Molly R, Nnaji, Chukwudi A, Nomura, Shuhei, Noubiap, Jean Jacque, Nouraei Motlagh, Soraya, Nowak, Christoph, Oţoiu, Adrian, Odell, Christopher M, Oh, In-Hwan, Oladnabi, Morteza, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Omar Bali, Ahmed, Ong, Kanyin L, Onwujekwe, Obinna E, Ortiz, Alberto, Otstavnov, Nikita, Otstavnov, Stanislav S, Øverland, Simon, Owolabi, Mayowa O, P A, Mahesh, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, Pakshir, Keyvan, Palladino, Raffaele, Pana, Adrian, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Park, Jame, Pasupula, Deepak Kumar, Patel, Jenil R, Patel, Sangram Kishor, Patton, George C, Paulson, Katherine R, Pazoki Toroudi, Hamidreza, Pease, Spencer A, Peden, Amy E, Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino, Peprah, Emmanuel K, Pereira, Alexandre, Pereira, David M, Perico, Norberto, Pigott, David M, Pilgrim, Thoma, Pilz, Tessa M, Piradov, Michael A, Pirsaheb, Meghdad, Pokhrel, Khem Narayan, Postma, Maarten J, Pourjafar, Hadi, Pourmalek, Farshad, Pourshams, Akram, Poznańska, Anna, Prada, Sergio I, Prakash, Sanjay, Preotescu, Liliana, Quazi Syed, Zahiruddin, Rabiee, Mohammad, Rabiee, Navid, Radfar, Amir, Rafiei, Alireza, Raggi, Alberto, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rajabpour-Sanati, Ali, Ram, Pradhum, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rao, Sowmya J, Rasella, Davide, Rashedi, Vahid, Rastogi, Prateek, Rathi, Priya, Rawal, Lal, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renjith, Vishnu, Renzaho, Andre M N, Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Nima, Rezai, Mohammad sadegh, Rezapour, Aziz, Rickard, Jennifer, Roever, Leonardo, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rostamian, Morteza, Rubagotti, Enrico, Rwegerera, Godfrey M, Sabour, Siamak, Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Sadeghi, Masoumeh, Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar, Safari, Yahya, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Sajadi, S Mohammad, Salahshoor, Mohammad Reza, Salama, Joseph S, Salamati, Payman, Salem, Marwa R Rashad, Salimi, Yahya, Salomon, Joshua A, Salz, Inbal, Samad, Zainab, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan, Santric-Milicevic, Milena M, Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer, Sartorius, Benn, Sarveazad, Arash, Sathian, Brijesh, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, Sattin, Davide, Saylan, Mete, Schaeffer, Lauren E, Schiavolin, Silvia, Schwebel, David C, Schwendicke, Falk, Sekerija, Mario, Senbeta, Anbissa Muleta, Senthilkumaran, Subramanian, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Serván-Mori, Edson, Shabani, Mahsima, Shahabi, Saeed, Shahbaz, Mohammad, Shaheen, Amira A, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shalash, Ali S, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Shamsi, Mohammadbagher, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Shannawaz, Mohammed, Sharafi, Kiomar, Sharafi, Zeinab, Sharara, Fablina, Sharma, Rajesh, Shaw, David H, Sheikh, Aziz, Shin, Jae Il, Shiri, Rahman, Shrime, Mark G, Shuval, Kerem, Siabani, Soraya, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig, Silva, Diego Augusto Santo, Simonetti, Biagio, Simpson, Kyle E, Singh, Jasvinder A, Skiadaresi, Eirini, Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich, Soheili, Amin, Sokhan, Anton, Sorensen, Reed J D, Soriano, Joan B, Sorrie, Muluken Bekele, Soyiri, Ireneous N, Spurlock, Emma Elizabeth, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Stockfelt, Leo, Stokes, Mark A, Stubbs, Jacob L, Sudaryanto, Agu, Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Rizwan, Sykes, Bryan L, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabb, Karen M, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Taherkhani, Amir, Tang, Muming, Taveira, Nuno, Taylor, Heather Jean, Teagle, Whitney L, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Teklehaimanot, Berhane Fseha, Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Thomas, Nihal, Thrift, Amanda G, Titova, Mariya Vladimirovna, Tohidinik, Hamid Reza, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Topouzis, Foti, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto Roberto, Traini, Eugenio, Tran, Bach Xuan, Travillian, Ravensara, Trias-Llimós, Sergi, Truelsen, Thomas Clement, Tudor Car, Lorainne, Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran, Upadhyay, Era, Vacante, Marco, Vakilian, Alireza, Valdez, Pascual R, Valli, Alessandro, Vardavas, Constantine, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Nogale, Vasseghian, Yasser, Veisani, Yousef, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Vidale, Simone, Violante, Francesco S, Vlassov, Vasily, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Vujcic, Isidora S, Vukovic, Ana, Vukovic, Rade, Waheed, Yasir, Wallin, Mitchell Taylor, Walters, Magdalene K, Wang, Hongbo, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Watson, Stefanie, Wei, Jingkai, Weiss, Jordan, Weldesamuel, Girmay Teklay, Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A, Wiangkham, Taweewat, Wiens, Kirsten E, Wijeratne, Tissa, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wolfe, Charles D A, Wondmieneh, Adam Belay, Wool, Eve E, Wu, Ai-Min, Wu, Junjie, Xu, Gelin, Yamada, Tomohide, Yamagishi, Kazumasa, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaya, Sanni, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid, Yearwood, Jamal A, Yeheyis, Tomas Y, Yilgwan, Christopher Sabo, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Yoosefi Lebni, Javad, York, Hunter W, Younis, Mustafa Z, Younker, Theodore Patrick, Yousefi, Zabihollah, Yousefinezhadi, Taraneh, Yousuf, Abdilahi Yousuf, Yusefzadeh, Hasan, Zahirian Moghadam, Telma, Zakzuk, Josefina, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zamani, Mohammad, Zamanian, Maryam, Zandian, Hamed, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, Zheng, Peng, Zhou, Maigeng, Ziapour, Arash, Murray, Christopher J L, Collaborators, GBD 2019 Demographics, GBD 2019 Demographics Collaborator, Violante FS, Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), Department of Earth Systems Analysis, Biomechanical Engineering, TechMed Centre, Biomolecular Nanotechnology, Research Methodology, Measurement and Data Analysis, Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, Inorganic Materials Science, MESA+ Institute, Biomedical and Environmental Sensorsystems, Mesoscale Chemical Systems, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Nonlinear Solid Mechanics, Digital Society Institute, Pervasive Systems, Nanobiophysics, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Multi Scale Mechanics, Engineering Fluid Dynamics, Physics of Complex Fluids, Developmental BioEngineering, Physics of Fluids, Elastomer Technology and Engineering, Medical Cell Biophysics, European Membrane Institute, Department of Earth Observation Science, Biomaterials Science and Technology, Sustainable Process Technology, Department of Urban and Regional Planning and Geo-Information Management, Department of Natural Resources, XUV Optics, Databases (Former), Department of Water Resources, Psychology, Health & Technology, Membrane Science & Technology, Department of Public Health, Clinicum, HUS Neurocenter, HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Environmental Sciences

Subjects
Male, very elderly, Demographic transition, HALE, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, preschool child, Global Burden of Disease, Carga Global de Enfermedades, 0302 clinical medicine, newborn, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, and Risk Factors Study, 80 and over, 030212 general & internal medicine, Birth Rate, Child, Migration, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, Injuries, Geography, Mortality rate, 1. No poverty, DEATH, Censuses, General Medicine, SDG 10 - Reduced Inequalities, Middle Aged, Demographic analysis, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, 3. Good health, demographic analysis, Estilo de Vida Saludable, risk factor, Child, Preschool, Demography/statistics & numerical data, Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, Risk Factors, Fertility, Mortality, Migration, Population, epidemiology, Female, A990 Medicine and Dentistry not elsewhere classified, CHILD-MORTALITY, Live Birth, Global Health Metrics, TRANSITION, demographics, GBD, fertility, mortality, hale, Adult, Adolescent, Total fertility rate, Population, Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study, Birth rate, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Life Expectancy, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, General & Internal Medicine, SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS, Demografía, Humans, Global Burden of Disease Study, human, Mortality, education, Preschool, Aged, Demography, Spatial Analysis, questionnaire, Infant, Newborn, Klinisk medicin, HIV, Infant, Global Burden of Diseases, sex-specific fertility, Live Birth/epidemiology, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.00 [https], MODEL, Fertilidad, Fertility, Demographic change, Life expectancy, NA, global disease burden, Clinical Medicine, population research
Abstract

Background Accurate and up-to-date assessment of demographic metrics is crucial for understanding a wide range of social, economic, and public health issues that affect populations worldwide. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 produced updated and comprehensive demographic assessments of the key indicators of fertility, mortality, migration, and population for 204 countries and territories and selected subnational locations from 1950 to 2019. Methods 8078 country-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 938 surveys, 349 censuses, and 238 other sources were identified and used to estimate age-specific fertility. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate age-specific fertility rates for 5-year age groups between ages 15 and 49 years. With extensions to age groups 10-14 and 50-54 years, the total fertility rate (TFR) was then aggregated using the estimated age-specific fertility between ages 10 and 54 years. 7417 sources were used for under-5 mortality estimation and 7355 for adult mortality. ST-GPR was used to synthesise data sources after correction for known biases. Adult mortality was measured as the probability of death between ages 15 and 60 years based on vital registration, sample registration, and sibling histories, and was also estimated using ST-GPR. HIV-free life tables were then estimated using estimates of under-5 and adult mortality rates using a relational model life table system created for GBD, which closely tracks observed age-specific mortality rates from complete vital registration when available. Independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated by an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance and other sources were incorporated into the estimates in countries with large epidemics. Annual and single-year age estimates of net migration and population for each country and territory were generated using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model that analysed estimated age-specific fertility and mortality rates along with 1250 censuses and 747 population registry years. We classified location-years into seven categories on the basis of the natural rate of increase in population (calculated by subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate) and the net migration rate. We computed healthy life expectancy (HALE) using years lived with disability (YLDs) per capita, life tables, and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty was propagated throughout the demographic estimation process, including fertility, mortality, and population, with 1000 draw-level estimates produced for each metric. Findings The global TFR decreased from 2.72 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 2.66-2.79) in 2000 to 2.31 (2.17-2.46) in 2019. Global annual livebirths increased from 134.5 million (131.5-137.8) in 2000 to a peak of 139.6 million (133.0-146.9) in 2016. Global livebirths then declined to 135.3 million (127.2-144.1) in 2019. Of the 204 countries and territories included in this study, in 2019, 102 had a TFR lower than 2.1, which is considered a good approximation of replacement-level fertility. All countries in sub-Saharan Africa had TFRs above replacement level in 2019 and accounted for 27.1% (95% UI 26.4-27.8) of global livebirths. Global life expectancy at birth increased from 67.2 years (95% UI 66.8-67.6) in 2000 to 73.5 years (72.8-74.3) in 2019. The total number of deaths increased from 50.7 million (49.5-51.9) in 2000 to 56.5 million (53.7-59.2) in 2019. Under-5 deaths declined from 9.6 million (9.1-10.3) in 2000 to 5.0 million (4.3-6.0) in 2019. Global population increased by 25.7%, from 6.2 billion (6.0-6.3) in 2000 to 7.7 billion (7.5-8.0) in 2019. In 2019, 34 countries had negative natural rates of increase; in 17 of these, the population declined because immigration was not sufficient to counteract the negative rate of decline. Globally, HALE increased from 58.6 years (56.1-60.8) in 2000 to 63.5 years (60.8-66.1) in 2019. HALE increased in 202 of 204 countries and territories between 2000 and 2019. Interpretation Over the past 20 years, fertility rates have been dropping steadily and life expectancy has been increasing, with few exceptions. Much of this change follows historical patterns linking social and economic determinants, such as those captured by the GBD Socio-demographic Index, with demographic outcomes. More recently, several countries have experienced a combination of low fertility and stagnating improvement in mortality rates, pushing more populations into the late stages of the demographic transition. Tracking demographic change and the emergence of new patterns will be essential for global health monitoring. Copyright (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Published
2020

18. Global, regional, and national progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 for neonatal and child health: all-cause and cause-specific mortality findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author

Paulson, K. R., Kamath, A. M., Alam, T., Bienhoff, K., Abady, G. G., Abbas, J., Abbasi-Kangevari, M., Abbastabar, H., Abd-Allah, F., Abd-Elsalam, S. M., Abdoli, A., Abedi, A., Abolhassani, H., Abreu, L. G., Abu-Gharbieh, E., Abu-Rmeileh, N. M. E., Abushouk, A. I., Adamu, A. L., Adebayo, O. M., Adegbosin, A. E., Adekanmbi, V., Adetokunboh, O. O., Adeyinka, D. A., Adsuar, J. C., Afshari, K., Aghaali, M., Agudelo-Botero, M., Ahinkorah, B. O., Ahmad, T., Ahmadi, K., Ahmed, M. B., Aji, B., Akalu, Y., Akinyemi, O. O., Aklilu, A., Al-Aly, Z., Alam, K., Alanezi, F. M., Alanzi, T. M., Alcalde-Rabanal, J. E., Al-Eyadhy, A., Ali, T., Alicandro, G., Alif, S. M., Alipour, V., Alizade, H., Aljunid, S. M., Almasi-Hashiani, A., Almasri, N. A., Al-Mekhlafi, H. M., Alonso, J., Al-Raddadi, R. M., Altirkawi, K. A., Alumran, A. K., Alvis-Guzman, N., Alvis-Zakzuk, N. J., Ameyaw, E. K., Amini, S., Amini-Rarani, M., Amit, A. M. L., Amugsi, D. A., Ancuceanu, R., Anderlini, D., Andrei, C. L., Ansari, F., Ansari-Moghaddam, A., Antonio, C. A. T., Antriyandarti, E., Anvari, D., Anwer, R., Aqeel, M., Arabloo, J., Arab-Zozani, M., Aripov, T., Arnlov, J., Artanti, K. D., Arzani, A., Asaad, M., Asadi-Aliabadi, M., Asadi-Pooya, Ali A, Jafarabadi, M. A., Athari, S. S., Athari, S. M., Atnafu, D. D., Atreya, A., Atteraya, M. S., Ausloos, M., Awan, A. T., Quintanilla, B. P. A., Ayano, G., Ayanore, M. A., Aynalem, Y. A., Azari, S., Azarian, G., Azene, Z. N., Darshan, BB, Babaee, E., Badiye, A. D., Baig, A. A., Banach, M., Banik, P. C., Barker-Collo, S. L., Barqawi, H. J., Bassat, Q., Basu, S., Baune, B.T., Bayati, M., Bedi, N., Beghi, E., Beghi, M., Bell, M. L., Bendak, S., Bennett, D. A., Bensenor, I. M., Berhe, K., Berman, A. E., Bezabih, Y. M., Bhagavathula, A. S., Bhandari, D., Bhardwaj, N., Bhardwaj, P., Bhattacharyya, K., Bhattarai, S., Bhutta, Z. A., Bikbov, B., Biondi, A., Birihane, B. M., Biswas, R. K., Bohlouli, S., Bragazzi, N. L., Breusov, A. V., Brunoni, A. 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L.R., Iqbal K., Iqbal U., Islam M.M., Islam S.M.S., Iso H., Iwagami M., Iwu C.C.D., Jaafari J., Jacobsen K.H., Jagnoor J., Jain V., Janodia M.D., Javaheri T., Javanmardi F., Jayaram S., Jayatilleke A.U., Jenabi E., Jha R.P., Ji J.S., John O., Jonas J.B., Joo T., Joseph N., Joukar F., Jozwiak J.J., Jurisson M., Kabir A., Kabir Z., Kalankesh L.R., Kamyari N., Kanchan T., Kapoor N., Karami Matin B., Karch A., Karimi S.E., Kassahun G., Kayode G.A., Kazemi Karyani A., Kemmer L., Khalid N., Khalilov R., Khammarnia M., Khan E.A., Khan G., Khan M., Khan M.N., Khang Y.-H., Khatab K., Khater A.M., Khater M.M., Khayamzadeh M., Khosravi A., Kim D., Kim Y.-E., Kim Y.J., Kimokoti R.W., Kisa A., Kisa S., Kissoon N., Kopec J.A., Kosen S., Koul P.A., Koulmane Laxminarayana S.L., Koyanagi A., Krishan K., Krishnamoorthy V., Kuate Defo B., Kucuk Bicer B., Kulkarni V., Kumar G.A., Kumar M., Kumar N., Kurmi O.P., Kusuma D., La Vecchia C., Lacey B., Lalloo R., Lami F.H., Landires I., Larsson A.O., Lasrado S., Lassi Z.S., Lauriola P., Lee P.H., Lee S.W.H., Lee Y.H., Leigh J., Leonardi M., Lewycka S., Li B., Li S., Liang J., Lim L.-L., Limenih M.A., Lin R.-T., Liu X., Lodha R., Lopez A.D., Lozano R., Lugo A., Lunevicius R., Mackay M.T., Madhava Kunjathur S., Magnani F.G., Mahadeshwara Prasad D.R., Maheri M., Mahmoudi M., Majeed A., Maled V., Maleki A., Maleki S., Malekzadeh R., Malik A.A., Malta D.C., Mamun A.A., Mansouri B., Mansournia M.A., Martinez G., Martini S., Martins-Melo F.R., Masoumi S.Z., Maulik P.K., McAlinden C., McGrath J.J., Medina-Solis C.E., Mehrabi Nasab E., Mejia-Rodriguez F., Memish Z.A., Mendoza W., Menezes R.G., Mengesha E.W., Mensah G.A., Meretoja A., Meretoja T.J., Mersha A.M., Mestrovic T., Miazgowski B., Miazgowski T., Michalek I.M., Miller T.R., Mini G.K., Miri M., Mirica A., Mirrakhimov E.M., Mirzaei H., Mirzaei M., Moazen B., Moghadaszadeh M., Mohajer B., Mohamad O., Mohammad Y., Mohammadi S.M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammed S., Mokdad A.H., Molokhia M., 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A., Kazemi Karyani, A., Kemmer, L., Khalid, N., Khalilov, R., Khammarnia, M., Khan, E. A., Khan, G., Khan, M., Khan, M. N., Khang, Y. -H., Khatab, K., Khater, A. M., Khater, M. M., Khayamzadeh, M., Khosravi, A., Kim, D., Kim, Y. -E., Kim, Y. J., Kimokoti, R. W., Kisa, A., Kisa, S., Kissoon, N., Kopec, J. A., Kosen, S., Koul, P. A., Koulmane Laxminarayana, S. L., Koyanagi, A., Krishan, K., Krishnamoorthy, V., Kuate Defo, B., Kucuk Bicer, B., Kulkarni, V., Kumar, G. A., Kumar, M., Kumar, N., Kurmi, O. P., Kusuma, D., La Vecchia, C., Lacey, B., Lalloo, R., Lami, F. H., Landires, I., Larsson, A. O., Lasrado, S., Lassi, Z. S., Lauriola, P., Lee, P. H., Lee, S. W. H., Lee, Y. H., Leigh, J., Leonardi, M., Lewycka, S., Li, B., Li, S., Liang, J., Lim, L. -L., Limenih, M. A., Lin, R. -T., Liu, X., Lodha, R., Lopez, A. D., Lozano, R., Lugo, A., Lunevicius, R., Mackay, M. T., Madhava Kunjathur, S., Magnani, F. G., Mahadeshwara Prasad, D. 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Yonemoto, N, Yoon, S, Younis, M, Yousefi, Z, Yousefinezhadi, T, Yu, C, Yusuf, S, Zaidi, S, Zaman, S, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zastrozhin, M, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z, Zhao, X, Ziapour, A, Hay, S, Murray, C, Wang, H, Kassebaum, N, and Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (LKCMedicine)

Subjects
Male, Perinatal care, Newborn care, STILLBIRTHS, RJ101, UNDER-5 MORTALITY, Psychological intervention, 010501 environmental sciences, Infant mortality, Global Health, 01 natural sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, RA0421, Cause of Death, Infant Mortality, Global health, Life Tables, Healthcare improvements, 030212 general & internal medicine, 610 Medicine & health, Child, COVID-19, Humans, Infant, SARS-CoV-2, Sustainable Development, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Cause of death, Life Table, Mortality rate, 1. No poverty, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, General Medicine, Articles, Hälsovetenskaper, Mortality analyses, 3. Good health, Child, Preschool, SDG 1 - No Poverty, Child Mortality, Female, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Human, Child mortality, COUNTRIES, DEATHS, Infants -- Mortalitat, GBD, 03 medical and health sciences, Medicine, General & Internal, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Life tables, under-5 mortality rate, General & Internal Medicine, Health Sciences, Neonatal deaths, medicine, SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS, Medicine [Science], Infants -- Salut, Preschool, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Science & Technology, Infants nadons -- Salut, business.industry, Infants nadons -- Mortalitat, INFORM, Infant, Newborn, Neonatal and child health, Sustainable Development Goal 3.2, GBD 2019 Under-5 Mortality Collaborators, medicine.disease, Newborn, TRENDS, Sustainable Development Goal, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Deaths, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, RG, business, Systematic Analysis, Malaria, Demography
Abstract

Background: Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 has targeted elimination of preventable child mortality, reduction of neonatal death to less than 12 per 1000 livebirths, and reduction of death of children younger than 5 years to less than 25 per 1000 livebirths, for each country by 2030. To understand current rates, recent trends, and potential trajectories of child mortality for the next decade, we present the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 findings for all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality in children younger than 5 years of age, with multiple scenarios for child mortality in 2030 that include the consideration of potential effects of COVID-19, and a novel framework for quantifying optimal child survival. Methods: We completed all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality analyses from 204 countries and territories for detailed age groups separately, with aggregated mortality probabilities per 1000 livebirths computed for neonatal mortality rate (NMR) and under-5 mortality rate (U5MR). Scenarios for 2030 represent different potential trajectories, notably including potential effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the potential impact of improvements preferentially targeting neonatal survival. Optimal child survival metrics were developed by age, sex, and cause of death across all GBD location-years. The first metric is a global optimum and is based on the lowest observed mortality, and the second is a survival potential frontier that is based on stochastic frontier analysis of observed mortality and Healthcare Access and Quality Index. Findings: Global U5MR decreased from 71·2 deaths per 1000 livebirths (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 68·3-74·0) in 2000 to 37·1 (33·2-41·7) in 2019 while global NMR correspondingly declined more slowly from 28·0 deaths per 1000 live births (26·8-29·5) in 2000 to 17·9 (16·3-19·8) in 2019. In 2019, 136 (67%) of 204 countries had a U5MR at or below the SDG 3.2 threshold and 133 (65%) had an NMR at or below the SDG 3.2 threshold, and the reference scenario suggests that by 2030, 154 (75%) of all countries could meet the U5MR targets, and 139 (68%) could meet the NMR targets. Deaths of children younger than 5 years totalled 9·65 million (95% UI 9·05-10·30) in 2000 and 5·05 million (4·27-6·02) in 2019, with the neonatal fraction of these deaths increasing from 39% (3·76 million [95% UI 3·53-4·02]) in 2000 to 48% (2·42 million; 2·06-2·86) in 2019. NMR and U5MR were generally higher in males than in females, although there was no statistically significant difference at the global level. Neonatal disorders remained the leading cause of death in children younger than 5 years in 2019, followed by lower respiratory infections, diarrhoeal diseases, congenital birth defects, and malaria. The global optimum analysis suggests NMR could be reduced to as low as 0·80 (95% UI 0·71-0·86) deaths per 1000 livebirths and U5MR to 1·44 (95% UI 1·27-1·58) deaths per 1000 livebirths, and in 2019, there were as many as 1·87 million (95% UI 1·35-2·58; 37% [95% UI 32-43]) of 5·05 million more deaths of children younger than 5 years than the survival potential frontier. Interpretation: Global child mortality declined by almost half between 2000 and 2019, but progress remains slower in neonates and 65 (32%) of 204 countries, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia, are not on track to meet either SDG 3.2 target by 2030. Focused improvements in perinatal and newborn care, continued and expanded delivery of essential interventions such as vaccination and infection prevention, an enhanced focus on equity, continued focus on poverty reduction and education, and investment in strengthening health systems across the development spectrum have the potential to substantially improve U5MR. Given the widespread effects of COVID-19, considerable effort will be required to maintain and accelerate progress. This article was supported by the European Research Council, ERC 848325. Alberto Ortiz was supported by FIS/Fondos FEDER (PI18/01366, PI19/00588, PI19/00815, DTS18/00032, ERA-PerMed-JTC2018 (KIDNEY ATTACK AC18/00064 and PERSTIGAN AC18/00071, ISCIII-RETIC REDinREN RD016/0009). Daniela Ribeiro acknowledges the financial support from the European Union [FEDER funds through COMPETE, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029253). Joan B Soriano acknowledges support from the Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Published
2021

19. P.0882 A meta-analysis of polygenic risk scores for mood disorders, neuroticism, and schizophrenia in antidepressant response

Author

Fanelli, G., primary, Fabbri, C., additional, Domschke, K., additional, Minelli, A., additional, Gennarelli, M., additional, Martini, P., additional, Bortolomasi, M., additional, Maron, E., additional, Squassina, A., additional, Kasper, S., additional, Zohar, J., additional, Souery, D., additional, Montgomery, S., additional, Albani, D., additional, Forloni, G., additional, Ferentinos, P., additional, Rujescu, D., additional, Mendlewicz, J., additional, De Ronchi, D., additional, Pharmacogenomics & Transcriptomics TWG, E.C.N.P., additional, Baune, B.T., additional, and Serretti, A., additional

Published
2021
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20. Bipolar multiplex families have an increased burden of common risk variants for psychiatric disorders

Author

Andlauer, T.F.M. (Till F. M.), Guzman-Parra, J. (Jose), Streit, F. (Fabian), Strohmaier, J. (Jana), González, M.J. (Maria José), Gil Flores, S. (Susana), Cabaleiro Fabeiro, F.J. (Francisco J.), del Río Noriega, F. (Francisco), Perez, F.P. (Fermin Perez), Haro González, J. (Jesus), Orozco Diaz, G. (Guillermo), Diego, Y. (Yolanda) de, Moreno-Küstner, B. (Berta), Auburger, G. (Georg), Degenhardt, F. (Franziska), Heilmann-Heimbach, S. (Stefanie), Herms, S. (Stefan), Hoffmann, P. (Per), Frank, J. (Josef), Foo, J.C. (Jerome C.), Treutlein, J. (Jens), Witt, S.H. (Stephanie H), Cichon, S. (Sven), Kogevinas, M. (Manolis), Stahl, E.A. (Eli A), Breen, G. (Gerome), Forstner, A.J. (Andreas J), McQuillin, A. (Andrew), Ripke, S. (Stephan), Trubetskoy, V. (Vassily), Mattheisen, M. (Manuel), Wang, Y. (Yunpeng), Coleman, J.R.I. (Jonathan R I), Gaspar, H.A. (Héléna A), Leeuw, C. (Christiaan) de, Steinberg, S. (Stacy), Pavlides, J.M.W. (Jennifer M Whitehead), Trzaskowski, M. (Maciej), Pers, T.H. (Tune H), Holmans, P.A. (Peter A.), Abbott, L. (Liam), Agerbo, E. (Esben), Akil, H. (Huda), Albani, D. (Diego), Alliey-Rodriguez, N. (Ney), Als, T.D. (Thomas D), Anjorin, A. (Adebayo), Antilla, V. (Verneri), Awasthi, S. (Swapnil), Badner, J.A. (Judith A), Bækvad-Hansen, M. (Marie), Barchas, J.D. (Jack D), Bass, N. (Nicholas), Bauer, M. (Michael), Belliveau, R.A. (Richard A.), Bergen, S.E. (Sarah), Pedersen, C.B. (C.), Bøen, E. (Erlend), Boks, M.P.M. (Marco), Boocock, J. (James), Budde, M. (Monika), Bunney, W.E. (William E), Burmeister, M., Bybjerg-Grauholm, J. (Jonas), Byerley, W.F. (William F), Casas, M. (Miquel), Cerrato, F. (Felecia), Cervantes, P. (Pablo), Chambert, K. (Kimberly), Charney, A.W. (Alexander W), Chen, D. (Danfeng), Churchhouse, C. (Claire), Clarke, T.-K. (Toni-Kim), Coryell, W.H. (William H), Craig, D.W. (David W), Cruceanu, C. (Cristiana), Czerski, P.M., Dale, A.M. (Anders), de Jong, S. (Simone), Del-Favero, J. (Jurgen), DePaulo, J.R. (J Raymond), Djurovic, S. (Srdjan), Dobbyn, A.L. (Amanda L), Dumont, A. (Ashley), Elvsåshagen, T. (Torbjørn), Escott-Price, V. (Valentina), Fan, C.C. (Chun Chieh), Fischer, S.B. (Sascha B), Flickinger, M. (Matthew), Foroud, T.M. (Tatiana M), Forty, L. (Liz), Fraser, C. (Christine), Luben, R.N. (Robert), Frisén, L. (Louise), Gade, K. (Katrin), Gage, D. (Diane), Garnham, J. (Julie), Giambartolomei, C. (Claudia), Pedersen, M.G. (Marianne Giørtz), Goldstein, J.I. (Jacqueline), Gordon, S.D. (Scott D), Gordon-Smith, K. (Katherine), Green, E.K. (Elaine K), Green, M.J. (Melissa J), Greenwood, T.A. (Tiffany A), Grove, J. (Jakob), Guan, W. (Weihua), Parra, J.G. (José Guzman), Hamshere, M.L. (Marian), Hautzinger, M. (Martin), Heilbronner, U. (Urs), Hipolito, M. (Maria), Holland, D. (Dominic), Huckins, L. (Laura), Jamain, S. (Stéphane), Johnson, J.S. (Jessica S), Juréus, A. (Anders), Kandaswamy, R. (Radhika), Karlsson, R. (Robert), Kennedy, J.L. (James L), Kittel-Schneider, S. (Sarah), Knowles, J.A. (James A), Koller, A.C. (Anna C), Kupka, R.W. (Ralph ), Lavebratt, C. (Catharina), Lawrence, J. (Jacob), Lawson, W.B. (William B), Leber, I. (Isabelle), Lee, P.H. (Phil H), Levy, S.E. (Shawn E), Li, J.Z. (Jun Z), Liu, C. (Chunyu), Lucae, S. (Susanne), Maaser, A. (Anna), Macintyre, D.J. (Donald J), Mahon, P.B. (Pamela B), Maier, W. (Wolfgang), Martinsson, L. (Lina), McCarroll, S.A. (Steve), McGuffin, P. (Peter), Mcinnis, M.G. (Melvin G), McKay, J.D. (James D), Medeiros, H. (Helena), Medland, S.E. (Sarah E), Meng, F. (Fan), Milani, L. (Lili), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant W), Morris, D.W. (Derek W), Mühleisen, T.W. (Thomas W), Mullins, N. (Niamh), Nguyen, H. (Hoang), Nievergelt, C.M. (Caroline M), Adolfsson, A.N. (Annelie Nordin), Nwulia, E.A. (Evaristus A), O’Donovan, C. (Claire), Loohuis, L.M.O. (Loes M Olde), Ori, A.P.S. (Anil P S), Oruc, L. (Lilijana), Ösby, U. (Urban), Perlis, R.H. (Roy H), Perry, A. (Amy), Pfennig, A. (Andrea), Potash, J.B. (James B), Purcell, S.M. (Shaun M), Regeer, E.J. (Eline Janet), Reif, A. (Andreas), Reinbold, C.S. (Céline S), Rice, J.P. (John), Richards, A. (Alex), Rivas, F. (Fabio), Rivera, M. (Margarita), Roussos, A. (Alexandra), Ruderfer, D. (Douglas), Ryu, J. (Julie), Sánchez-Mora, C. (Cristina), Schatzberg, A.F. (Alan F), Scheftner, W.A. (William A), Schork, N.J. (Nicholas), Weickert, C.S. (Cynthia Shannon), Shehktman, T. (Tatyana), Shilling, P.D. (Paul D), Sigurdsson, E. (Engilbert), Slaney, C. (Claire), Smeland, O.B. (Olav B), Sobell, J.L. (Janet L), Hansen, C.S. (Christine Søholm), Spijker, A.T. (Anne T), Clair, D.S., Steffens, M. (Michael), Strauss, J.S. (John S), Szelinger, S. (Szabolcs), Thompson, R.C. (Robert C), EThorgeirsson, T. (Thorgeir), Vedde, H. (Helmut), Wang, W. (Weiqing), Watson, S.J. (Stanley J), Weickert, T.W. (Thomas W), Xi, S. (Simon), Xu, W. (Wei), Young, A.H. (Allan H), Zandi, P.P. (Peter P), Zhang, P. (Ping), Zöllner, S. (Sebastian), Adolfsson, R., Agartz, I. (Ingrid), Alda, M. (Martin), Backlund, L. (Lena), Baune, B.T. (Bernhard T), Bellivier, F. (Frank), Berrettini, W. (Wade), Biernacka, J.M. (Joanna M), Blackwood, D.H.R. (Douglas), Boehnke, M. (Michael), Børglum, A.D. (Anders D), Corvin, A. (Aiden), Craddock, N. (Nicholas), Daly, M.J. (Mark), Dannlowski, U. (Udo), Esko, T. (Tõnu), Etain, B. (Bruno), Frye, M.A. (Mark A), Fullerton, J.M. (Janice M), Gershon, E.S. (Elliot S), Gill, M. (Michael), Goes, F. (Fernando), Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, M. (Maria), Hauser, J. (J.), Hougaard, D.M. (David M), Hultman, C.M. (Christina), Jones, I. (Ian), Jones, L.A. (Lisa A), Kahn, R. (René), Kirov, G. (George), Landén, M. (Mikael), Leboyer, M. (Marion), Lewis, C.M. (Cathryn), Li, Q.S. (Qingqin S), Lissowska, J. (Jolanta), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Mayoral, F. (Fermin), McElroy, S.L. (Susan L), McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), Mcmahon, F.J. (Francis J), Melle, I. (Ingrid), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Mitchell, P.B. (Philip B), Morken, G. (Gunnar), Mors, O. (Ole), Mortensen, P.B. (Preben Bo), Müller-Myhsok, B. (Bertram), Myers, R.H. (Richard), Neale, B.M. (Benjamin), Nimgaonkar, V. (Vishwajit), Nordentoft, M. (Merete), Nöthen, M.M. (Markus), O’Donovan, M.C. (Michael C), Oedegaard, K.J. (Ketil J), Owen, M.J. (Michael J), Paciga, S.A. (Sara A), Pato, C. (Carlos), Posthuma, D. (Danielle), Ramos-Quiroga, J.A. (Josep Antoni), Ribasés, M. (Marta), Rietschel, M. (Marcella), Rouleau, G.A. (Guy A), Schalling, M. (Martin), Schofield, P.R. (Peter R), Schulze, T.G. (Thomas G), Serretti, A. (Alessandro), Smoller, J.W., Stefansson, H. (Hreinn), Zwart, J-A. (John-Anker), Stordal, E. (Eystein), Sullivan, P.F. (Patrick F), Turecki, G. (Gustavo), Vaaler, A.E. (Arne E), Vieta, E. (Eduard), Vincent, J.B. (John B), Werge, T.M. (Thomas), Nurnberger, J.I. (John I), Wray, N.R. (Naomi), Florio, A.D. (Arianna Di), Edenberg, H.J. (Howard), Ophoff, R.A. (Roel), Scott, L.J. (Laura J), Andreassen, O.A. (Ole), Kelsoe, J.R. (John), Sklar, P. (Pamela), Wray, N.R. (Naomi R), Byrne, E.M. (Enda), Abdellaoui, A. (Abdel), Adams, M.J. (Mark J), Air, T.M. (Tracy M), Bacanu, S.A. (Silviu), Beekman, A.T.F. (Aartjan), Bigdeli, T.B. (Tim B), Binder, E.B. (Elisabeth), Bryois, J. (Julien), Buttenschøn, H.N. (Henriette N), Cai, N. (Na), Castelao, E. (Enrique), Christensen, J.H. (Jane Hvarregaard), Clarke, T.-K., Colodro-Conde, L. (Lucía), Couvy-Duchesne, B. (Baptiste), Craddock, N.J. (Nick), Crawford, G.E. (Gregory E), Davies, G. (Gail), Deary, I.J. (Ian J), Degenhardt, F., Derks, E.M. (Eske M), Direk, N. (Nese), Dolan, C.V. (Conor), Dunn, E.C. (Erin C.), Eley, T.C. (T.), Kiadeh, F.F.H. (Farnush Farhadi Hassan), Finucane, H.K. (Hilary K), Foo, J.C. (Jerome C), Goes, F.S. (Fernando S), Gordon, S.D. (Scott D.), Hall, L.S. (Lynsey S), Hansen, T.F. (Thomas F), Hickie, I.B. (Ian), Homuth, G. (Georg), Horn, C. (Carsten), Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Hougaard, D.M. (David), Howard, D.M. (David M), Ising, M. (Marcus), Jansen, R. (Rick), Jones, I., Jones, L. (Louisa), Jorgenson, E. (Eric), Kohane, I.S. (Isaac S), Kraft, J. (Julia), Kretzschmar, W.W. (Warren W.), Kutalik, Z. (Zoltán), Li, Y. (Yihan), Lind, P.A. (Penelope), MacIntyre, D.J. (Donald J), MacKinnon, D.F. (Dean F), Maier, R.M. (Robert M), Marchini, J. (Jonathan), Mbarek, H., McGrath, P. (Patrick), Mcguffin, P. (Peter), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Mehta, D. (Divya), Middeldorp, C.M. (Christel M), Mihailov, E. (Evelin), Milaneschi, Y. (Yuri), Mondimore, F.M. (Francis M), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant), Mostafavi, S. (Sara), Nauck, M. (Matthias), Ng, B. (Bernard), Nivard, M. (Michel), Nyholt, D.R. (Dale), O’Reilly, P.F. (Paul F), Oskarsson, H. (Hogni), Owen, M.J. (Michael), Painter, J.N. (Jodie N.), Pedersen, C.B. (Carsten Bøcker), Peterson, R.E. (Roseann E), Pettersson, E. (Erik), Peyrot, W.J. (Wouter ), Pistis, G. (Giorgio), Quiroz, J.A. (Jorge A), Qvist, P. (Per), Rice, J.P. (John P), Riley, B.P. (Brien P.), Mirza, S.S. (Saira), Schoevers, R. (Robert), Schulte, E.C. (Eva C), Shen, L. (Li), Shi, J. (Jianxin), Shyn, S.I. (Stanley I), Sinnamon, G.C.B. (Grant C B), Smith, A.V. (Davey), Smith, D.J. (Daniel J), Tansey, K.E., Teismann, H. (Henning), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Thompson, W.K. (Wesley K.), Thomson, P.A. (Pippa A), Thorgeirsson, T.E. (Thorgeir E), Traylor, M. (Matthew), Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Umbricht, D. (Daniel), Van der Auwera, S. (Sandra), van Hemert, A.M. (Albert M), Viktorin, A. (Alexander), Visscher, P.M. (Peter M), Webb, B.T. (Bradley T.), Weinsheimer, S.M. (Shantel Marie), Wellmann, J. (Jürgen), Willemsen, G.A.H.M. (Gonneke), Wu, Y. (Yang), Xi, H.S. (Hualin S), Yang, J. (Joanna), Zhang, F. (Futao), Arolt, V. (Volker), Baune, B.T., Berger, K. (Klaus), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Geus, E.J.C. (Eco) de, Domenici, E. (Enrico), Domschke, K. (Katharina), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Hamilton, S.P. (Steven P), Hayward, C. (Caroline), Heath, A.C. (Andrew), Jablensky, A. (Assen), Kloiber, S. (Stefan), Lewis, G., Madden, P.A. (Pamela), Magnusson, P.K. (Patrik), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas G), McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew M), Mors, O., Müller-Myhsok, B. (B.), Nöthen, M.M. (Markus M), Pedersen, N.L. (Nancy), Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Porteous, D.J. (David J.), Preisig, M. (Martin), Schaefer, C. (Catherine), Smoller, J.W. (Jordan W), Stefansson, K. (Kari), Tiemeier, H.W. (Henning), Uher, R. (Rudolf), Völzke, H. (Henry), Weissman, M.M., Werge, T. (Thomas), Lewis, C.M. (Cathryn M), Levinson, D.F. (Douglas F.), Borglum, A.D. (Anders), Sullivan, P.F. (Patrick), Mayoral, F. (Fermín), Muller-Myhsok, B. (B.), Forstner, A.J. (Andreas J.), Nöthen, M.M. (Markus M.), Andlauer, T.F.M. (Till F. M.), Guzman-Parra, J. (Jose), Streit, F. (Fabian), Strohmaier, J. (Jana), González, M.J. (Maria José), Gil Flores, S. (Susana), Cabaleiro Fabeiro, F.J. (Francisco J.), del Río Noriega, F. (Francisco), Perez, F.P. (Fermin Perez), Haro González, J. (Jesus), Orozco Diaz, G. (Guillermo), Diego, Y. (Yolanda) de, Moreno-Küstner, B. (Berta), Auburger, G. (Georg), Degenhardt, F. (Franziska), Heilmann-Heimbach, S. (Stefanie), Herms, S. (Stefan), Hoffmann, P. (Per), Frank, J. (Josef), Foo, J.C. (Jerome C.), Treutlein, J. (Jens), Witt, S.H. (Stephanie H), Cichon, S. (Sven), Kogevinas, M. (Manolis), Stahl, E.A. (Eli A), Breen, G. (Gerome), Forstner, A.J. (Andreas J), McQuillin, A. (Andrew), Ripke, S. (Stephan), Trubetskoy, V. (Vassily), Mattheisen, M. (Manuel), Wang, Y. (Yunpeng), Coleman, J.R.I. (Jonathan R I), Gaspar, H.A. (Héléna A), Leeuw, C. (Christiaan) de, Steinberg, S. (Stacy), Pavlides, J.M.W. (Jennifer M Whitehead), Trzaskowski, M. (Maciej), Pers, T.H. (Tune H), Holmans, P.A. (Peter A.), Abbott, L. (Liam), Agerbo, E. (Esben), Akil, H. (Huda), Albani, D. (Diego), Alliey-Rodriguez, N. (Ney), Als, T.D. (Thomas D), Anjorin, A. (Adebayo), Antilla, V. (Verneri), Awasthi, S. (Swapnil), Badner, J.A. (Judith A), Bækvad-Hansen, M. (Marie), Barchas, J.D. (Jack D), Bass, N. (Nicholas), Bauer, M. (Michael), Belliveau, R.A. (Richard A.), Bergen, S.E. (Sarah), Pedersen, C.B. (C.), Bøen, E. (Erlend), Boks, M.P.M. (Marco), Boocock, J. (James), Budde, M. (Monika), Bunney, W.E. (William E), Burmeister, M., Bybjerg-Grauholm, J. (Jonas), Byerley, W.F. (William F), Casas, M. (Miquel), Cerrato, F. (Felecia), Cervantes, P. (Pablo), Chambert, K. (Kimberly), Charney, A.W. (Alexander W), Chen, D. (Danfeng), Churchhouse, C. (Claire), Clarke, T.-K. (Toni-Kim), Coryell, W.H. (William H), Craig, D.W. (David W), Cruceanu, C. (Cristiana), Czerski, P.M., Dale, A.M. (Anders), de Jong, S. (Simone), Del-Favero, J. (Jurgen), DePaulo, J.R. (J Raymond), Djurovic, S. (Srdjan), Dobbyn, A.L. (Amanda L), Dumont, A. (Ashley), Elvsåshagen, T. (Torbjørn), Escott-Price, V. (Valentina), Fan, C.C. (Chun Chieh), Fischer, S.B. (Sascha B), Flickinger, M. (Matthew), Foroud, T.M. (Tatiana M), Forty, L. (Liz), Fraser, C. (Christine), Luben, R.N. (Robert), Frisén, L. (Louise), Gade, K. (Katrin), Gage, D. (Diane), Garnham, J. (Julie), Giambartolomei, C. (Claudia), Pedersen, M.G. (Marianne Giørtz), Goldstein, J.I. (Jacqueline), Gordon, S.D. (Scott D), Gordon-Smith, K. (Katherine), Green, E.K. (Elaine K), Green, M.J. (Melissa J), Greenwood, T.A. (Tiffany A), Grove, J. (Jakob), Guan, W. (Weihua), Parra, J.G. (José Guzman), Hamshere, M.L. (Marian), Hautzinger, M. (Martin), Heilbronner, U. (Urs), Hipolito, M. (Maria), Holland, D. (Dominic), Huckins, L. (Laura), Jamain, S. (Stéphane), Johnson, J.S. (Jessica S), Juréus, A. (Anders), Kandaswamy, R. (Radhika), Karlsson, R. (Robert), Kennedy, J.L. (James L), Kittel-Schneider, S. (Sarah), Knowles, J.A. (James A), Koller, A.C. (Anna C), Kupka, R.W. (Ralph ), Lavebratt, C. (Catharina), Lawrence, J. (Jacob), Lawson, W.B. (William B), Leber, I. (Isabelle), Lee, P.H. (Phil H), Levy, S.E. (Shawn E), Li, J.Z. (Jun Z), Liu, C. (Chunyu), Lucae, S. (Susanne), Maaser, A. (Anna), Macintyre, D.J. (Donald J), Mahon, P.B. (Pamela B), Maier, W. (Wolfgang), Martinsson, L. (Lina), McCarroll, S.A. (Steve), McGuffin, P. (Peter), Mcinnis, M.G. (Melvin G), McKay, J.D. (James D), Medeiros, H. (Helena), Medland, S.E. (Sarah E), Meng, F. (Fan), Milani, L. (Lili), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant W), Morris, D.W. (Derek W), Mühleisen, T.W. (Thomas W), Mullins, N. (Niamh), Nguyen, H. (Hoang), Nievergelt, C.M. (Caroline M), Adolfsson, A.N. (Annelie Nordin), Nwulia, E.A. (Evaristus A), O’Donovan, C. (Claire), Loohuis, L.M.O. (Loes M Olde), Ori, A.P.S. (Anil P S), Oruc, L. (Lilijana), Ösby, U. (Urban), Perlis, R.H. (Roy H), Perry, A. (Amy), Pfennig, A. (Andrea), Potash, J.B. (James B), Purcell, S.M. (Shaun M), Regeer, E.J. (Eline Janet), Reif, A. (Andreas), Reinbold, C.S. (Céline S), Rice, J.P. (John), Richards, A. (Alex), Rivas, F. (Fabio), Rivera, M. (Margarita), Roussos, A. (Alexandra), Ruderfer, D. (Douglas), Ryu, J. (Julie), Sánchez-Mora, C. (Cristina), Schatzberg, A.F. (Alan F), Scheftner, W.A. (William A), Schork, N.J. (Nicholas), Weickert, C.S. (Cynthia Shannon), Shehktman, T. (Tatyana), Shilling, P.D. (Paul D), Sigurdsson, E. (Engilbert), Slaney, C. (Claire), Smeland, O.B. (Olav B), Sobell, J.L. (Janet L), Hansen, C.S. (Christine Søholm), Spijker, A.T. (Anne T), Clair, D.S., Steffens, M. (Michael), Strauss, J.S. (John S), Szelinger, S. (Szabolcs), Thompson, R.C. (Robert C), EThorgeirsson, T. (Thorgeir), Vedde, H. (Helmut), Wang, W. (Weiqing), Watson, S.J. (Stanley J), Weickert, T.W. (Thomas W), Xi, S. (Simon), Xu, W. (Wei), Young, A.H. (Allan H), Zandi, P.P. (Peter P), Zhang, P. (Ping), Zöllner, S. (Sebastian), Adolfsson, R., Agartz, I. (Ingrid), Alda, M. (Martin), Backlund, L. (Lena), Baune, B.T. (Bernhard T), Bellivier, F. (Frank), Berrettini, W. (Wade), Biernacka, J.M. (Joanna M), Blackwood, D.H.R. (Douglas), Boehnke, M. (Michael), Børglum, A.D. (Anders D), Corvin, A. (Aiden), Craddock, N. (Nicholas), Daly, M.J. (Mark), Dannlowski, U. (Udo), Esko, T. (Tõnu), Etain, B. (Bruno), Frye, M.A. (Mark A), Fullerton, J.M. (Janice M), Gershon, E.S. (Elliot S), Gill, M. (Michael), Goes, F. (Fernando), Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, M. (Maria), Hauser, J. (J.), Hougaard, D.M. (David M), Hultman, C.M. (Christina), Jones, I. (Ian), Jones, L.A. (Lisa A), Kahn, R. (René), Kirov, G. (George), Landén, M. (Mikael), Leboyer, M. (Marion), Lewis, C.M. (Cathryn), Li, Q.S. (Qingqin S), Lissowska, J. (Jolanta), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Mayoral, F. (Fermin), McElroy, S.L. (Susan L), McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), Mcmahon, F.J. (Francis J), Melle, I. (Ingrid), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Mitchell, P.B. (Philip B), Morken, G. (Gunnar), Mors, O. (Ole), Mortensen, P.B. (Preben Bo), Müller-Myhsok, B. (Bertram), Myers, R.H. (Richard), Neale, B.M. (Benjamin), Nimgaonkar, V. (Vishwajit), Nordentoft, M. (Merete), Nöthen, M.M. (Markus), O’Donovan, M.C. (Michael C), Oedegaard, K.J. (Ketil J), Owen, M.J. (Michael J), Paciga, S.A. (Sara A), Pato, C. (Carlos), Posthuma, D. (Danielle), Ramos-Quiroga, J.A. (Josep Antoni), Ribasés, M. (Marta), Rietschel, M. (Marcella), Rouleau, G.A. (Guy A), Schalling, M. (Martin), Schofield, P.R. (Peter R), Schulze, T.G. (Thomas G), Serretti, A. (Alessandro), Smoller, J.W., Stefansson, H. (Hreinn), Zwart, J-A. (John-Anker), Stordal, E. (Eystein), Sullivan, P.F. (Patrick F), Turecki, G. (Gustavo), Vaaler, A.E. (Arne E), Vieta, E. (Eduard), Vincent, J.B. (John B), Werge, T.M. (Thomas), Nurnberger, J.I. (John I), Wray, N.R. (Naomi), Florio, A.D. (Arianna Di), Edenberg, H.J. (Howard), Ophoff, R.A. (Roel), Scott, L.J. (Laura J), Andreassen, O.A. (Ole), Kelsoe, J.R. (John), Sklar, P. (Pamela), Wray, N.R. (Naomi R), Byrne, E.M. (Enda), Abdellaoui, A. (Abdel), Adams, M.J. (Mark J), Air, T.M. (Tracy M), Bacanu, S.A. (Silviu), Beekman, A.T.F. (Aartjan), Bigdeli, T.B. (Tim B), Binder, E.B. (Elisabeth), Bryois, J. (Julien), Buttenschøn, H.N. (Henriette N), Cai, N. (Na), Castelao, E. (Enrique), Christensen, J.H. (Jane Hvarregaard), Clarke, T.-K., Colodro-Conde, L. (Lucía), Couvy-Duchesne, B. (Baptiste), Craddock, N.J. (Nick), Crawford, G.E. (Gregory E), Davies, G. (Gail), Deary, I.J. (Ian J), Degenhardt, F., Derks, E.M. (Eske M), Direk, N. (Nese), Dolan, C.V. (Conor), Dunn, E.C. (Erin C.), Eley, T.C. (T.), Kiadeh, F.F.H. (Farnush Farhadi Hassan), Finucane, H.K. (Hilary K), Foo, J.C. (Jerome C), Goes, F.S. (Fernando S), Gordon, S.D. (Scott D.), Hall, L.S. (Lynsey S), Hansen, T.F. (Thomas F), Hickie, I.B. (Ian), Homuth, G. (Georg), Horn, C. (Carsten), Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Hougaard, D.M. (David), Howard, D.M. (David M), Ising, M. (Marcus), Jansen, R. (Rick), Jones, I., Jones, L. (Louisa), Jorgenson, E. (Eric), Kohane, I.S. (Isaac S), Kraft, J. (Julia), Kretzschmar, W.W. (Warren W.), Kutalik, Z. (Zoltán), Li, Y. (Yihan), Lind, P.A. (Penelope), MacIntyre, D.J. (Donald J), MacKinnon, D.F. (Dean F), Maier, R.M. (Robert M), Marchini, J. (Jonathan), Mbarek, H., McGrath, P. (Patrick), Mcguffin, P. (Peter), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Mehta, D. (Divya), Middeldorp, C.M. (Christel M), Mihailov, E. (Evelin), Milaneschi, Y. (Yuri), Mondimore, F.M. (Francis M), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant), Mostafavi, S. (Sara), Nauck, M. (Matthias), Ng, B. (Bernard), Nivard, M. (Michel), Nyholt, D.R. (Dale), O’Reilly, P.F. (Paul F), Oskarsson, H. (Hogni), Owen, M.J. (Michael), Painter, J.N. (Jodie N.), Pedersen, C.B. (Carsten Bøcker), Peterson, R.E. (Roseann E), Pettersson, E. (Erik), Peyrot, W.J. (Wouter ), Pistis, G. (Giorgio), Quiroz, J.A. (Jorge A), Qvist, P. (Per), Rice, J.P. (John P), Riley, B.P. (Brien P.), Mirza, S.S. (Saira), Schoevers, R. (Robert), Schulte, E.C. (Eva C), Shen, L. (Li), Shi, J. (Jianxin), Shyn, S.I. (Stanley I), Sinnamon, G.C.B. (Grant C B), Smith, A.V. (Davey), Smith, D.J. (Daniel J), Tansey, K.E., Teismann, H. (Henning), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Thompson, W.K. (Wesley K.), Thomson, P.A. (Pippa A), Thorgeirsson, T.E. (Thorgeir E), Traylor, M. (Matthew), Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Umbricht, D. (Daniel), Van der Auwera, S. (Sandra), van Hemert, A.M. (Albert M), Viktorin, A. (Alexander), Visscher, P.M. (Peter M), Webb, B.T. (Bradley T.), Weinsheimer, S.M. (Shantel Marie), Wellmann, J. (Jürgen), Willemsen, G.A.H.M. (Gonneke), Wu, Y. (Yang), Xi, H.S. (Hualin S), Yang, J. (Joanna), Zhang, F. (Futao), Arolt, V. (Volker), Baune, B.T., Berger, K. (Klaus), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Geus, E.J.C. (Eco) de, Domenici, E. (Enrico), Domschke, K. (Katharina), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Hamilton, S.P. (Steven P), Hayward, C. (Caroline), Heath, A.C. (Andrew), Jablensky, A. (Assen), Kloiber, S. (Stefan), Lewis, G., Madden, P.A. (Pamela), Magnusson, P.K. (Patrik), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas G), McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew M), Mors, O., Müller-Myhsok, B. (B.), Nöthen, M.M. (Markus M), Pedersen, N.L. (Nancy), Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Porteous, D.J. (David J.), Preisig, M. (Martin), Schaefer, C. (Catherine), Smoller, J.W. (Jordan W), Stefansson, K. (Kari), Tiemeier, H.W. (Henning), Uher, R. (Rudolf), Völzke, H. (Henry), Weissman, M.M., Werge, T. (Thomas), Lewis, C.M. (Cathryn M), Levinson, D.F. (Douglas F.), Borglum, A.D. (Anders), Sullivan, P.F. (Patrick), Mayoral, F. (Fermín), Muller-Myhsok, B. (B.), Forstner, A.J. (Andreas J.), and Nöthen, M.M. (Markus M.)

Abstract

Multiplex families with a high prevalence of a psychiatric disorder are often examined to identify rare genetic variants with large effect sizes. In the present study, we analysed whether the risk for bipolar disorder (BD) in BD multiplex families is influenced by common genetic variants. Furthermore, we investigated whether this risk is conferred mainly by BD-specific risk variants or by variants also associated with the susceptibility to schizophrenia or major depression. In total, 395 individuals from 33 Andalusian BD multiplex families (166 BD, 78 major depressive disorder, 151 unaffected) as well as 438 subjects from an independent, BD case/control cohort (161 unrelated BD, 277 unrelated controls) were analysed. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) for BD, schizophrenia (SCZ), and major depression were calculated and compared between the cohorts. Both the familial BD cases and unaffected family members had higher PRS for all three psychiatric disorders than the independent controls, with BD and SCZ being significant after correction for multiple testing, suggesting a high baseline risk for several psychiatric disorders in the families. Moreover, familial BD cases showed significantly higher BD PRS than unaffected family members and unrelated BD cases. A plausible hypothesis is that, in multiplex families with a general increase in risk for psychiatric disease, BD development is attributable to a high burden of common variants that confer a specific risk for BD. The present analyses demonstrated that common genetic risk variants for psychiatric disorders are likely to contribute to the high incidence of affective psychiatric disorders in the multiplex families. However, the PRS explained only part of the observed phenotypic variance, and rare variants might have also contributed to disease development.

Published
2019
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21. Assessment of Bidirectional Relationships Between Physical Activity and Depression Among Adults A 2-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study

Author

Choi, K.W., Chen, C.Y., Stein, M.B., Klimentidis, Y.C., Wang, M.J., Koenen, K.C., Smoller, J.W., Wray, N.R., Ripke, S., Mattheisen, M., Trzaskowski, M., Byrne, E.M., Abdellaoui, A., Adams, M.J., Agerbo, E., Air, T., Andlauer, T.F.M., Bacanu, S.A., Baekvad-Hansen, M., Beekman, A.T.F., Bigdeli, T.B., Binder, E.B., Blackwood, D.H.R., Bryois, J., Buttenschon, H.N., Bybjerg-Grauholm, J., Cai, N., Castelao, E., Hvarregaard, J., Christensen, J.H., Clarke, T.K., Coleman, J.R.I., Colodro-Conde, L., Couvy-Duchesne, B., Craddock, N., Crawford, G.E., Davies, G., Deary, I.J., Degenhardt, F., Derks, E.M., Direk, N., Dolan, C.V., Dunn, E.C., Eley, T.C., Escott-Price, V., Kiadeh, F.F.H., Finucane, H.K., Forstner, A.J., Frank, J., Gaspar, H.A., Gill, M., Goes, F.S., Gordon, S.D., Grove, J., Hall, L.S., Hansen, C.S., Hansen, T.F., Herms, S., Hickie, I.B., Hoffmann, P., Homuth, G., Horn, C., Hottenga, J.J., Hougaard, D.M., Ising, M., Jansen, R., Jorgenson, E., Knowles, J.A., Kohane, I.S., Kraft, J., Kretzschmar, W., Krogh, J., Kutalik, Z., Li, Y.H., Lind, P.A., MacIntyre, D.J., MacKinnon, D.F., Maier, R.M., Marchini, J., McGrath, P., McGuffin, P., Medland, S.E., Mehta, D., Middeldorp, C.M., Mihailov, E., Milaneschi, Y., Milani, L., Mondimore, F.M., Montgomery, G.W., Mostafavi, S., Mullins, N., Nauck, M., Ng, B., Nivard, M.G., Nyholt, D.R., O'Reilly, P.F., Oskarsson, H., Owen, M.J., Painter, J.N., Pedersen, C.B., Pedersen, M.G., Peterson, R.E., Pettersson, E., Peyrot, W.J., Pistis, G., Posthuma, D., Quiroz, J.A., Qvist, P., Rice, J.P., Riley, B.P., Rivera, M., Saeed, S., Schoevers, R., Schulte, E.C., Shen, L., Shi, J.X., Shyn, S.I., Sigurdsson, E., Sinnamon, G.C.B., Smit, J.H., Smith, D.J., Stefansson, H., Steinberg, S., Streit, F., Strohmaier, J., Tansey, K.E., Teismann, H., Teumer, A., Thompson, W., Thomson, P.A., Thorgeirsson, T.E., Traylor, M., Treutlein, J., Trubetskoy, V., Uitterlinden, A.G., Umbricht, D., Auwera, S. van der, Hemert, A.M. van, Viktorin, A., Visscher, P.M., Wang, Y.P., Webb, B.T., Weinsheimer, S.M., Wellmann, J., Willemsen, G., Witt, S.H., Wu, Y., Xi, H.L.S., Yang, J., Zhang, F.T., Arolt, V., Baune, B.T., Berger, K., Boomsma, D.I., Cichon, S., Dannlowski, U., Geus, E.J.C. de, DePaulo, J.R., Domenici, E., Domschke, K., Esko, T., Grabe, H.J., Hamilton, S.P., Hayward, C., Heath, A.C., Kendler, K.S., Kloiber, S., Lewis, G., Li, Q.Q.S., Lucae, S., Madden, P.A.F., Magnusson, P.K., Martin, N.G., McIntosh, A.M., Metspalu, A., Mors, O., Mortensen, P.B., Nordentoft, M., Nothen, M.M., O'Donovan, M.C., Paciga, S.A., Pedersen, N.L., Penninx, B.W.J.H., Perlis, R.H., Porteous, D.J., Potash, J.B., Preisig, M., Rietschel, M., Schaefer, C., Schulze, T.G., Stefansson, K., Tiemeier, H., Uher, R., Volzke, H., Weissman, M.M., Werge, T., Lewis, C.M., Levinson, D.F., Breen, G., Borglum, A.D., Sullivan, P.F., Major Depressive Disorder Working, Epidemiology, Internal Medicine, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry / Psychology, Psychiatry, Biological Psychology, APH - Methodology, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, APH - Personalized Medicine, Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, APH - Mental Health, and Adult Psychiatry

Subjects
Adult, DISORDER, medicine.medical_specialty, Genome-wide association study, EXERCISE, CAUSALITY, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, PEOPLE, Internal medicine, Accelerometry, Mendelian randomization, SCHIZOPHRENIA, Humans, Medicine, ANXIETY, Exercise, RISK, Depressive Disorder, Major, business.industry, Case-control study, SEDENTARY BEHAVIOR, Mendelian Randomization Analysis, Odds ratio, ASSOCIATION, Protective Factors, medicine.disease, 030227 psychiatry, Psychiatry and Mental health, Sample size determination, Case-Control Studies, Meta-analysis, Major depressive disorder, Self Report, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Importance: Increasing evidence shows that physical activity is associated with reduced risk for depression, pointing to a potential modifiable target for prevention. However, the causality and direction of this association are not clear; physical activity may protect against depression, and/or depression may result in decreased physical activity.Objective: To examine bidirectional relationships between physical activity and depression using a genetically informed method for assessing potential causal inference.Design, Setting, and Participants: This 2-sample mendelian randomization (MR) used independent top genetic variants associated with 2 physical activity phenotypes-self-reported (n = 377 234) and objective accelerometer-based (n = 91 084)-and with major depressive disorder (MDD) (n = 143 265) as genetic instruments from the largest available, nonoverlapping genome-wide association studies (GWAS). GWAS were previously conducted in diverse observational cohorts, including the UK Biobank (for physical activity) and participating studies in the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (for MDD) among adults of European ancestry. Mendelian randomization estimates from each genetic instrument were combined using inverse variance weighted meta-analysis, with alternate methods (eg, weighted median, MR Egger, MR-Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier [PRESSO]) and multiple sensitivity analyses to assess horizontal pleiotropy and remove outliers. Data were analyzed from May 10 through July 31, 2018.Main Outcomes and Measures: MDD and physical activity.Results: GWAS summary data were available for a combined sample size of 611 583 adult participants. Mendelian randomization evidence suggested a protective relationship between accelerometer-based activity and MDD (odds ratio [OR], 0.74 for MDD per 1-SD increase in mean acceleration; 95% CI, 0.59-0.92; P = .006). In contrast, there was no statistically significant relationship between MDD and accelerometer-based activity (β = -0.08 in mean acceleration per MDD vs control status; 95% CI, -0.47 to 0.32; P = .70). Furthermore, there was no significant relationship between self-reported activity and MDD (OR, 1.28 for MDD per 1-SD increase in metabolic-equivalent minutes of reported moderate-to-vigorous activity; 95% CI, 0.57-3.37; P = .48), or between MDD and self-reported activity (β = 0.02 per MDD in standardized metabolic-equivalent minutes of reported moderate-to-vigorous activity per MDD vs control status; 95% CI, -0.008 to 0.05; P = .15).Conclusions and Relevance: Using genetic instruments identified from large-scale GWAS, robust evidence supports a protective relationship between objectively assessed-but not self-reported-physical activity and the risk for MDD. Findings point to the importance of objective measurement of physical activity in epidemiologic studies of mental health and support the hypothesis that enhancing physical activity may be an effective prevention strategy for depression.

Published
2019

23. Genome-wide association study of circulating interleukin 6 levels identifies novel loci

Author

Ahluwalia, T.S., Prins, B.P., Abdollahi, M., Armstrong, N.J., Aslibekyan, S., Bain, L., Jefferis, B., Baumert, J., Beekman, M., Ben-Shlomo, Y., Bis, J.C., Mitchell, B.D., Geus, E. de, Delgado, G.E., Marek, D., Eriksson, J., Kajantie, E., Kanoni, S., Kemp, J.P., Lu, C., Marioni, R.E., McLachlan, S., Milaneschi, Y., Nolte, I.M., Petrelis, A.M., Porcu, E., Sabater-Lleal, M., Naderi, E., Seppala, I., Shah, T., Singhal, G., Standl, M., Teumer, A., Thalamuthu, A., Thiering, E., Trompet, S., Ballantyne, C.M., Benjamin, E.J., Casas, J.P., Toben, C., Dedoussis, G., Deelen, J., Durda, P., Engmann, J., Feitosa, M.F., Grallert, H., Hammarstedt, A., Harris, S.E., Homuth, G., Hottenga, J.J., Jalkanen, S., Jamshidi, Y., Jawahar, M.C., Jess, T., Kivimaki, M., Kleber, M.E., Lahti, J., Liu, Y., Marques-Vidal, P., Mellstrom, D., Mooijaart, S.P., Muller-Nurasyid, M., Penninx, B., Revez, J.A., Rossing, P., Raikkonen, K., Sattar, N., Scharnagl, H., Sennblad, B., Silveira, A., St Pourcain, B., Timpson, N.J., Trollor, J., Dongen, J. van, Heemst, D. van, Visvikis-Siest, S., Vollenweider, P., Volker, U., Waldenberger, M., Willemsen, G., Zabaneh, D., Morris, R.W., Arnett, D.K., Baune, B.T., Boomsma, D.I., Chang, Y.P.C., Deary, I.J., Deloukas, P., Eriksson, J.G., Evans, D.M., Ferreira, M.A., Gaunt, T., Gudnason, V., Hamsten, A., Heinrich, J., Hingorani, A., Humphries, S.E., Jukema, J.W., Koenig, W., Kumari, M., Kutalik, Z., Lawlor, D.A., Lehtimaki, T., Marz, W., Mather, K.A., Naitza, S., Nauck, M., Ohlsson, C., Price, J.F., Raitakari, O., Rice, K., Sachdev, P.S., Slagboom, E., Sorensen, T.I.A., Spector, T., Stacey, D., Stathopoulou, M.G., Tanaka, T., Wannamethee, S.G., Whincup, P., Rotter, J.I., Dehghan, A., Boerwinkle, E., Psaty, B.M., Snieder, H., Alizadeh, B.Z., and CHARGE Inflammation Working Grp

Abstract

Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine with both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties with a heritability estimate of up to 61%. The circulating levels of IL-6 in blood have been associated with an increased risk of complex disease pathogenesis. We conducted a two-staged, discovery and replication meta genome-wide association study (GWAS) of circulating serum IL-6 levels comprising up to 67428 (n(discovery)=52654 and n(replication)=14774) individuals of European ancestry. The inverse variance fixed effects based discovery meta-analysis, followed by replication led to the identification of two independent loci, IL1F10/IL1RN rs6734238 on chromosome (Chr) 2q14, (P-combined=1.8x10(-11)), HLA-DRB1/DRB5 rs660895 on Chr6p21 (P-combined=1.5x10(-10)) in the combined meta-analyses of all samples. We also replicated the IL6R rs4537545 locus on Chr1q21 (P-combined=1.2x10(-122)). Our study identifies novel loci for circulating IL-6 levels uncovering new immunological and inflammatory pathways that may influence IL-6 pathobiology.

Published
2021

24. Genome-wide association study of more than 40,000 bipolar disorder cases provides new insights into the underlying biology

Author

Mullins, N. Forstner, A.J. O’Connell, K.S. Coombes, B. Coleman, J.R.I. Qiao, Z. Als, T.D. Bigdeli, T.B. Børte, S. Bryois, J. Charney, A.W. Drange, O.K. Gandal, M.J. Hagenaars, S.P. Ikeda, M. Kamitaki, N. Kim, M. Krebs, K. Panagiotaropoulou, G. Schilder, B.M. Sloofman, L.G. Steinberg, S. Trubetskoy, V. Winsvold, B.S. Won, H.-H. Abramova, L. Adorjan, K. Agerbo, E. Al Eissa, M. Albani, D. Alliey-Rodriguez, N. Anjorin, A. Antilla, V. Antoniou, A. Awasthi, S. Baek, J.H. Bækvad-Hansen, M. Bass, N. Bauer, M. Beins, E.C. Bergen, S.E. Birner, A. Bøcker Pedersen, C. Bøen, E. Boks, M.P. Bosch, R. Brum, M. Brumpton, B.M. Brunkhorst-Kanaan, N. Budde, M. Bybjerg-Grauholm, J. Byerley, W. Cairns, M. Casas, M. Cervantes, P. Clarke, T.-K. Cruceanu, C. Cuellar-Barboza, A. Cunningham, J. Curtis, D. Czerski, P.M. Dale, A.M. Dalkner, N. David, F.S. Degenhardt, F. Djurovic, S. Dobbyn, A.L. Douzenis, A. Elvsåshagen, T. Escott-Price, V. Ferrier, I.N. Fiorentino, A. Foroud, T.M. Forty, L. Frank, J. Frei, O. Freimer, N.B. Frisén, L. Gade, K. Garnham, J. Gelernter, J. Giørtz Pedersen, M. Gizer, I.R. Gordon, S.D. Gordon-Smith, K. Greenwood, T.A. Grove, J. Guzman-Parra, J. Ha, K. Haraldsson, M. Hautzinger, M. Heilbronner, U. Hellgren, D. Herms, S. Hoffmann, P. Holmans, P.A. Huckins, L. Jamain, S. Johnson, J.S. Kalman, J.L. Kamatani, Y. Kennedy, J.L. Kittel-Schneider, S. Knowles, J.A. Kogevinas, M. Koromina, M. Kranz, T.M. Kranzler, H.R. Kubo, M. Kupka, R. Kushner, S.A. Lavebratt, C. Lawrence, J. Leber, M. Lee, H.-J. Lee, P.H. Levy, S.E. Lewis, C. Liao, C. Lucae, S. Lundberg, M. MacIntyre, D.J. Magnusson, S.H. Maier, W. Maihofer, A. Malaspina, D. Maratou, E. Martinsson, L. Mattheisen, M. McCarroll, S.A. McGregor, N.W. McGuffin, P. McKay, J.D. Medeiros, H. Medland, S.E. Millischer, V. Montgomery, G.W. Moran, J.L. Morris, D.W. Mühleisen, T.W. O’Brien, N. O’Donovan, C. Olde Loohuis, L.M. Oruc, L. Papiol, S. Pardiñas, A.F. Perry, A. Pfennig, A. Porichi, E. Potash, J.B. Quested, D. Raj, T. Rapaport, M.H. DePaulo, J.R. Regeer, E.J. Rice, J.P. Rivas, F. Rivera, M. Roth, J. Roussos, P. Ruderfer, D.M. Sánchez-Mora, C. Schulte, E.C. Senner, F. Sharp, S. Shilling, P.D. Sigurdsson, E. Sirignano, L. Slaney, C. Smeland, O.B. Smith, D.J. Sobell, J.L. Søholm Hansen, C. Soler Artigas, M. Spijker, A.T. Stein, D.J. Strauss, J.S. Świątkowska, B. Terao, C. Thorgeirsson, T.E. Toma, C. Tooney, P. Tsermpini, E.-E. Vawter, M.P. Vedder, H. Walters, J.T.R. Witt, S.H. Xi, S. Xu, W. Yang, J.M.K. Young, A.H. Young, H. Zandi, P.P. Zhou, H. Zillich, L. Adolfsson, R. Agartz, I. Alda, M. Alfredsson, L. Babadjanova, G. Backlund, L. Baune, B.T. Bellivier, F. Bengesser, S. Berrettini, W.H. Blackwood, D.H.R. Boehnke, M. Børglum, A.D. Breen, G. Carr, V.J. Catts, S. Corvin, A. Craddock, N. Dannlowski, U. Dikeos, D. Esko, T. Etain, B. Ferentinos, P. Frye, M. Fullerton, J.M. Gawlik, M. Gershon, E.S. Goes, F.S. Green, M.J. Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, M. Hauser, J. Henskens, F. Hillert, J. Hong, K.S. Hougaard, D.M. Hultman, C.M. Hveem, K. Iwata, N. Jablensky, A.V. Jones, I. Jones, L.A. Kahn, R.S. Kelsoe, J.R. Kirov, G. Landén, M. Leboyer, M. Lewis, C.M. Li, Q.S. Lissowska, J. Lochner, C. Loughland, C. Martin, N.G. Mathews, C.A. Mayoral, F. McElroy, S.L. McIntosh, A.M. McMahon, F.J. Melle, I. Michie, P. Milani, L. Mitchell, P.B. Morken, G. Mors, O. Mortensen, P.B. Mowry, B. Müller-Myhsok, B. Myers, R.M. Neale, B.M. Nievergelt, C.M. Nordentoft, M. Nöthen, M.M. O’Donovan, M.C. Oedegaard, K.J. Olsson, T. Owen, M.J. Paciga, S.A. Pantelis, C. Pato, C. Pato, M.T. Patrinos, G.P. Perlis, R.H. Posthuma, D. Ramos-Quiroga, J.A. Reif, A. Reininghaus, E.Z. Ribasés, M. Rietschel, M. Ripke, S. Rouleau, G.A. Saito, T. Schall, U. Schalling, M. Schofield, P.R. Schulze, T.G. Scott, L.J. Scott, R.J. Serretti, A. Shannon Weickert, C. Smoller, J.W. Stefansson, H. Stefansson, K. Stordal, E. Streit, F. Sullivan, P.F. Turecki, G. Vaaler, A.E. Vieta, E. Vincent, J.B. Waldman, I.D. Weickert, T.W. Werge, T. Wray, N.R. Zwart, J.-A. Biernacka, J.M. Nurnberger, J.I. Cichon, S. Edenberg, H.J. Stahl, E.A. McQuillin, A. Di Florio, A. Ophoff, R.A. Andreassen, O.A. HUNT All-In Psychiatry

Abstract

Bipolar disorder is a heritable mental illness with complex etiology. We performed a genome-wide association study of 41,917 bipolar disorder cases and 371,549 controls of European ancestry, which identified 64 associated genomic loci. Bipolar disorder risk alleles were enriched in genes in synaptic signaling pathways and brain-expressed genes, particularly those with high specificity of expression in neurons of the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Significant signal enrichment was found in genes encoding targets of antipsychotics, calcium channel blockers, antiepileptics and anesthetics. Integrating expression quantitative trait locus data implicated 15 genes robustly linked to bipolar disorder via gene expression, encoding druggable targets such as HTR6, MCHR1, DCLK3 and FURIN. Analyses of bipolar disorder subtypes indicated high but imperfect genetic correlation between bipolar disorder type I and II and identified additional associated loci. Together, these results advance our understanding of the biological etiology of bipolar disorder, identify novel therapeutic leads and prioritize genes for functional follow-up studies. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.

Published
2021

25. Variations in seasonal solar insolation are associated with a history of suicide attempts in bipolar I disorder

Author

Bauer, M. Glenn, T. Achtyes, E.D. Alda, M. Agaoglu, E. Altınbaş, K. Andreassen, O.A. Angelopoulos, E. Ardau, R. Vares, E.A. Aydin, M. Ayhan, Y. Baethge, C. Bauer, R. Baune, B.T. Balaban, C. Becerra-Palars, C. Behere, A.P. Behere, P.B. Belete, H. Belete, T. Belizario, G.O. Bellivier, F. Belmaker, R.H. Benedetti, F. Berk, M. Bersudsky, Y. Bicakci, Ş. Birabwa-Oketcho, H. Bjella, T.D. Brady, C. Cabrera, J. Cappucciati, M. Castro, A.M.P. Chen, W.-L. Cheung, E.Y.W. Chiesa, S. Crowe, M. Cuomo, A. Dallaspezia, S. Del Zompo, M. Desai, P. Dodd, S. Donix, M. Etain, B. Fagiolini, A. Fellendorf, F.T. Ferensztajn-Rochowiak, E. Fiedorowicz, J.G. Fountoulakis, K.N. Frye, M.A. Geoffroy, P.A. Gonzalez-Pinto, A. Gottlieb, J.F. Grof, P. Haarman, B.C.M. Harima, H. Hasse-Sousa, M. Henry, C. Høffding, L. Houenou, J. Imbesi, M. Isometsä, E.T. Ivkovic, M. Janno, S. Johnsen, S. Kapczinski, F. Karakatsoulis, G.N. Kardell, M. Kessing, L.V. Kim, S.J. König, B. Kot, T.L. Koval, M. Kunz, M. Lafer, B. Landén, M. Larsen, E.R. Lenger, M. Lewitzka, U. Licht, R.W. Lopez-Jaramillo, C. MacKenzie, A. Madsen, H.Ø. Madsen, S.A.K.A. Mahadevan, J. Mahardika, A. Manchia, M. Marsh, W. Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, M. Martiny, K. Mashima, Y. McLoughlin, D.M. Meesters, Y. Melle, I. Meza-Urzúa, F. Ming, M.Y. Monteith, S. Moorthy, M. Morken, G. Mosca, E. Mozzhegorov, A.A. Munoz, R. Mythri, S.V. Nacef, F. Nadella, R.K. Nakanotani, T. Nielsen, R.E. O‘Donovan, C. Omrani, A. Osher, Y. Ouali, U. Pantovic-Stefanovic, M. Pariwatcharakul, P. Petite, J. Pfennig, A. Ruiz, Y.P. Pilhatsch, M. Pinna, M. Pompili, M. Porter, R. Quiroz, D. Rabelo-da-Ponte, F.D. Ramesar, R. Rasgon, N. Ratta-apha, W. Ratzenhofer, M. Redahan, M. Reddy, M.S. Reif, A. Reininghaus, E.Z. Richards, J.G. Ritter, P. Rybakowski, J.K. Sathyaputri, L. Scippa, Â.M. Simhandl, C. Severus, E. Smith, D. Smith, J. Stackhouse, P.W., Jr. Stein, D.J. Stilwell, K. Strejilevich, S. Su, K.-P. Subramaniam, M. Sulaiman, A.H. Suominen, K. Tanra, A.J. Tatebayashi, Y. Teh, W.L. Tondo, L. Torrent, C. Tuinstra, D. Uchida, T. Vaaler, A.E. Veeh, J. Vieta, E. Viswanath, B. Yoldi-Negrete, M. Yalcinkaya, O.K. Young, A.H. Zgueb, Y. Whybrow, P.C.

Abstract

Background: Bipolar disorder is associated with circadian disruption and a high risk of suicidal behavior. In a previous exploratory study of patients with bipolar I disorder, we found that a history of suicide attempts was associated with differences between winter and summer levels of solar insolation. The purpose of this study was to confirm this finding using international data from 42% more collection sites and 25% more countries. Methods: Data analyzed were from 71 prior and new collection sites in 40 countries at a wide range of latitudes. The analysis included 4876 patients with bipolar I disorder, 45% more data than previously analyzed. Of the patients, 1496 (30.7%) had a history of suicide attempt. Solar insolation data, the amount of the sun’s electromagnetic energy striking the surface of the earth, was obtained for each onset location (479 locations in 64 countries). Results: This analysis confirmed the results of the exploratory study with the same best model and slightly better statistical significance. There was a significant inverse association between a history of suicide attempts and the ratio of mean winter insolation to mean summer insolation (mean winter insolation/mean summer insolation). This ratio is largest near the equator which has little change in solar insolation over the year, and smallest near the poles where the winter insolation is very small compared to the summer insolation. Other variables in the model associated with an increased risk of suicide attempts were a history of alcohol or substance abuse, female gender, and younger birth cohort. The winter/summer insolation ratio was also replaced with the ratio of minimum mean monthly insolation to the maximum mean monthly insolation to accommodate insolation patterns in the tropics, and nearly identical results were found. All estimated coefficients were significant at p < 0.01. Conclusion: A large change in solar insolation, both between winter and summer and between the minimum and maximum monthly values, may increase the risk of suicide attempts in bipolar I disorder. With frequent circadian rhythm dysfunction and suicidal behavior in bipolar disorder, greater understanding of the optimal roles of daylight and electric lighting in circadian entrainment is needed. © 2021, The Author(s).

Published
2021

26. Brain aging in major depressive disorder: results from the ENIGMA major depressive disorder working group

Author

Han, L.K.M., Dinga, R., Hahn, T., Ching, C.R., Eyler, L.T., Aftanas, L., Aghajani, M., Aleman, A., Baune, B.T., Berger, K., Brak, I., Filho, G.B., Carballedo, A., Connolly, C.G., Couvy-Duchesne, B., Cullen, K.R., Dannlowski, U., Davey, C.G., Dima, D., Duran, F.L.S., Enneking, V., Filimonova, E., Frenzel, S., Frodl, T., Fu, C.H.Y., Godlewska, B.R., Gotlib, I.H., Grabe, H.J., Groenewold, N.A., Grotegerd, D., Gruber, O., Hall, G.B., Harrison, B.J., Hatton, S.N., Hermesdorf, M., Hickie, I.B., Ho, T.C., Hosten, N., Jansen, Andreas, Kähler, C., Kircher, T., Klimes-Dougan, B., Krämer, B., Krug, A., Lagopoulos, J., Leenings, R., MacMaster, F.P., MacQueen, G., McIntosh, A., McLellan, Q., McMahon, K.L., Medland, S.E., Mueller, B.A., Mwangi, B., Osipov, E., Portella, M.J., Pozzi, E., Reneman, L., Repple, J., Rosa, P.G., Sacchet, M.D., Sämann, P.G., Schnell, K., Schrantee, A., Simulionyte, E., Soares, J.C., Sommer, J., Stein, D.J., Steinsträter, O., Strike, L.T., Thomopoulos, S.I., Tol, M.J.D. van, Veer, I.M., Vermeiren, R., Walter, H., Wee, N.J.A. van der, Werff, S.J.A. van der, Whalley, H., Winter, N.R., Wittfeld, K., Wright, M.J., Wu, M.J., Völzke, H., Yang, T.T., Zannias, V., Zubicaray, G.I. de, Zunta-Soares, G.B., Abé, C., Alda, M., Andreassen, O.A., Bøen, E., Bonnin, C.M., Canales-Rodriguez, E.J., Cannon, D., Caseras, X., Chaim-Avancini, T.M., Elvsåshagen, T., Favre, P., Foley, S.F., Fullerton, J.M., Ruhé, H.G., Schene, A.H., Marquand, A.F., Cole, J., Schmaal, L., Han, L.K.M., Dinga, R., Hahn, T., Ching, C.R., Eyler, L.T., Aftanas, L., Aghajani, M., Aleman, A., Baune, B.T., Berger, K., Brak, I., Filho, G.B., Carballedo, A., Connolly, C.G., Couvy-Duchesne, B., Cullen, K.R., Dannlowski, U., Davey, C.G., Dima, D., Duran, F.L.S., Enneking, V., Filimonova, E., Frenzel, S., Frodl, T., Fu, C.H.Y., Godlewska, B.R., Gotlib, I.H., Grabe, H.J., Groenewold, N.A., Grotegerd, D., Gruber, O., Hall, G.B., Harrison, B.J., Hatton, S.N., Hermesdorf, M., Hickie, I.B., Ho, T.C., Hosten, N., Jansen, Andreas, Kähler, C., Kircher, T., Klimes-Dougan, B., Krämer, B., Krug, A., Lagopoulos, J., Leenings, R., MacMaster, F.P., MacQueen, G., McIntosh, A., McLellan, Q., McMahon, K.L., Medland, S.E., Mueller, B.A., Mwangi, B., Osipov, E., Portella, M.J., Pozzi, E., Reneman, L., Repple, J., Rosa, P.G., Sacchet, M.D., Sämann, P.G., Schnell, K., Schrantee, A., Simulionyte, E., Soares, J.C., Sommer, J., Stein, D.J., Steinsträter, O., Strike, L.T., Thomopoulos, S.I., Tol, M.J.D. van, Veer, I.M., Vermeiren, R., Walter, H., Wee, N.J.A. van der, Werff, S.J.A. van der, Whalley, H., Winter, N.R., Wittfeld, K., Wright, M.J., Wu, M.J., Völzke, H., Yang, T.T., Zannias, V., Zubicaray, G.I. de, Zunta-Soares, G.B., Abé, C., Alda, M., Andreassen, O.A., Bøen, E., Bonnin, C.M., Canales-Rodriguez, E.J., Cannon, D., Caseras, X., Chaim-Avancini, T.M., Elvsåshagen, T., Favre, P., Foley, S.F., Fullerton, J.M., Ruhé, H.G., Schene, A.H., Marquand, A.F., Cole, J., and Schmaal, L.

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext, Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with an increased risk of brain atrophy, aging-related diseases, and mortality. We examined potential advanced brain aging in adult MDD patients, and whether this process is associated with clinical characteristics in a large multicenter international dataset. We performed a mega-analysis by pooling brain measures derived from T1-weighted MRI scans from 19 samples worldwide. Healthy brain aging was estimated by predicting chronological age (18-75 years) from 7 subcortical volumes, 34 cortical thickness and 34 surface area, lateral ventricles and total intracranial volume measures separately in 952 male and 1236 female controls from the ENIGMA MDD working group. The learned model coefficients were applied to 927 male controls and 986 depressed males, and 1199 female controls and 1689 depressed females to obtain independent unbiased brain-based age predictions. The difference between predicted "brain age" and chronological age was calculated to indicate brain-predicted age difference (brain-PAD). On average, MDD patients showed a higher brain-PAD of +1.08 (SE 0.22) years (Cohen's d = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.08-0.20) compared with controls. However, this difference did not seem to be driven by specific clinical characteristics (recurrent status, remission status, antidepressant medication use, age of onset, or symptom severity). This highly powered collaborative effort showed subtle patterns of age-related structural brain abnormalities in MDD. Substantial within-group variance and overlap between groups were observed. Longitudinal studies of MDD and somatic health outcomes are needed to further assess the clinical value of these brain-PAD estimates.

Published
2021

27. Global, regional, and national progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 for neonatal and child health: all-cause and cause-specific mortality findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author

Paulson, K.R., Kamath, A.M., Alam, T., Bienhoff, K., Abady, G.G., Abbas, J., Abbasi-Kangevari, M., Abbastabar, H., Abd-Allah, F., Abd-Elsalam, S.M., Abdoli, A., Abedi, A., Abolhassani, H., Abreu, L.G., Abu-Gharbieh, E., Abu-Rmeileh, N.M.E., Abushouk, A.I., Adamu, A.L., Adebayo, O.M., Adegbosin, A.E., Adekanmbi, V., Adetokunboh, O.O., Adeyinka, D.A., Adsuar, J.C., Afshari, K., Aghaali, M., Agudelo-Botero, M., Ahinkorah, B.O., Ahmad, T., Ahmadi, K., Ahmed, M.B., Aji, B., Akalu, Y., Akinyemi, O.O., Aklilu, A., Al-Aly, Z., Alam, K., Alanezi, F.M., Alanzi, T.M., Alcalde-Rabanal, J.E., Al-Eyadhy, A., Ali, T., Alicandro, G., Alif, S.M., Alipour, V., Alizade, H., Aljunid, S.M., Almasi-Hashiani, A., Almasri, N.A., Al-Mekhlafi, H.M., Alonso, J., Al-Raddadi, R.M., Altirkawi, K.A., Alumran, A.K., Alvis-Guzman, N., Alvis-Zakzuk, N.J., Ameyaw, E.K., Amini, S., Amini-Rarani, M., Amit, A.M.L., Amugsi, D.A., Ancuceanu, R., Anderlini, D., Andrei, C.L., Ansari, F., Ansari-Moghaddam, A., Antonio, C.A.T., Antriyandarti, E., Anvari, D., Anwer, R., Aqeel, M., Arabloo, J., Arab-Zozani, M., Aripov, T., Ärnlöv, J., Artanti, K.D., Arzani, A., Asaad, M., Asadi-Aliabadi, M., Asadi-Pooya, A.A., Asghari Jafarabadi, M., Athari, S.S., Athari, S.M., Atnafu, D.D., Atreya, A., Atteraya, M.S., Ausloos, M., Awan, A.T., Ayala Quintanilla, B.P., Ayano, G., Ayanore, M.A., Aynalem, Y.A., Azari, S., Azarian, G., Azene, Z.N., Darshan, B.B., Babaee, E., Badiye, A.D., Baig, A.A., Banach, M., Banik, Pa.C., Barker-Collo, S.L., Barqawi, H.J., Bassat, Q., Basu, S., Baune, B.T., Bayati, M., Bedi, N., Beghi, E., Beghi, M., Bell, M.L., Bendak, S., Bennett, D.A., Bensenor, I.M., Berhe, K., Berman, A.E., Bezabih, Y.M., Bhagavathula, A.S., Bhandari, D., Bhardwaj, N., Bhardwaj, P., Bhattacharyya, K., Bhattarai, S., Bhutta, Z.A., Bikbov, B., Biondi, A., Birihane, B.M., Biswas, R.K., Bohlouli, S., Bragazzi, N.L., Breusov, A.V., Brunoni, A.R., Burkart, K., Burugina Nagaraja, S., Busse, R., Butt, Z.A., Caetano dos Santos, F.L., Cahuana-Hurtado, L., Camargos, P., Cámera, L.A., Cárdenas, R., Carreras, G., Carrero, J.J., Carvalho, F., Castaldelli-Maia, J.M., Castañeda-Orjuela, C.A., Castelpietra, G., Cerin, E., Chang, J-C, Chanie, W.F., Charan, J., Chatterjee, S., Chattu, S.K., Chattu, V.K., Chaturvedi, S., Chen, S., Cho, D.Y., Choi, J-Y.J., Chu, D-T, Ciobanu, L.G., Cirillo, M., Conde, J., Costa, V.M., Couto, R.A.S., Dachew, B.A., Dahlawi, S.M.A., Dai, H., Dai, X., Dandona, L., Dandona, R., Daneshpajouhnejad, P., Darmstadt, G.L, Das, J.K., Dávila-Cervantes, C.A., Davis, A.C., Davletov, K., De la Hoz, F.P., De Leo, D., Deeba, F., Denova-Gutiérrez, E., Dervenis, N., Desalew, A., Deuba, K., Dey, S., Dharmaratne, S.D., Dhingra, S., Dhungana, G.P., Dias da Silva, D., Diaz, D., Dorostkar, F., Doshmangir, L., Dubljanin, E., Duraes, A.R., Eagan, A.W., Edinur, H.A., Efendi, F., Eftekharzadeh, S., El Sayed, I., El Tantawi, M., Elbarazi, I., Elgendy, I.Y., El-Jaafary, S.I., Emami, A., Enany, S., Eyawo, O., Ezzikouri, S., Faris, P.S., Farzadfar, F., Fattahi, N., Fauk, N.K., Fazlzadeh, M., Feigin, V.L., Ferede, T.Y., Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Fernandes, E., Ferrara, P., Filip, I., Fischer, F., Fisher, J.L., Foigt, N.A., Folayan, M.O., Foroutan, M., Franklin, R.C., Freitas, M., Friedman, S.D., Fukumoto, T., Gad, M.M., Gaidhane, A.M., Gaidhane, S., Gaihre, S., Gallus, S., Garcia-Basteiro, A.L., Garcia-Gordillo, M.A., Gardner, W.M., Gaspar Fonseca, M., Gebremedhin, K.B., Getacher, L., Ghashghaee, A., Gholamian, A., Gilani, S.A., Gill, T.K., Giussani, G., Gnedovskaya, E.V., Godinho, M.A., Goel, A., Golechha, M., Gona, P.N., Gopalani, S.V., Goudarzi, H., Grivna, M., Gugnani, H.C., Guido, D., Guimarães, R.A., Gupta, R.D., Gupta, R., Hafezi-Nejad, N., Haider, M.R., Haj-Mirzaian, A., Hamidi, S., Hanif, A., Hankey, G.J., Hargono, A., Hasaballah, A.I., Hasan, M.M., Hasan, S.S., Hassan, A., Hassanipour, S., Hassankhani, H., Havmoeller, R.J., Hayat, K., Heidari-Soureshjani, R., Henry, N.J., Herteliu, C., Hole, M.K., Holla, R., Hossain, N., Hosseini, M., Hosseinzadeh, M., Hostiuc, M., Hostiuc, S., Househ, M., Huang, J., Humayun, A., Hwang, B-F, Iavicoli, I., Ibitoye, S.E., Ikuta, K.S., Ilesanmi, O.S., Ilic, I.M., Ilic, M.D., Inamdar, S., Inbaraj, L.R., Iqbal, K., Iqbal, U., Islam, M.M., Islam, S.M.S., Iso, H., Iwagami, M., Iwu, C.C.D., Jaafari, J., Jacobsen, K.H., Jagnoor, J., Jain, V., Janodia, M.D., Javaheri, T., Javanmardi, F., Jayaram, S., Jayatilleke, A.U., Jenabi, E., Jha, R.P., Ji, J.S., John, O., Jonas, J.B., Joo, T., Joseph, N., Joukar, F., Jozwiak, J.J., Jürisson, M., Kabir, A., Kabir, Z., Kalankesh, L.R., Kamyari, N., Kanchan, T., Kapoor, N., Karami Matin, B., Karch, A., Karimi, S.E., Kassahun, G., Kayode, G.A., Kazemi Karyani, A., Kemmer, L., Khalid, N., Khalilov, R., Khammarnia, M., Khan, E.A., Khan, G., Khan, M., Khan, Md.N., Khang, Y-H, Khatab, K., Khater, A.M., Khater, M.M., Khayamzadeh, M., Khosravi, A., Kim, D., Kim, Y-E, Kim, Y.J., Kimokoti, R.W., Kisa, A., Kisa, S., Kissoon, N., 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R.C., Remuzzi, G., Renzaho, A.M.N., Reshmi, B., Resnikoff, S., Rezaei, N., Rezapour, A., Riahi, S.M., Ribeiro, D., Rickard, J., Roever, L., Ronfani, L., Rothenbacher, D., Rubagotti, E., Rumisha, S.F., Ryan, P.M., Saddik, B., Sadeghi, E., Saeedi Moghaddam, S., Sagar, R., Sahebkar, A., Salahshoor, M.R., Salehi, S., Salem, M.R., Salimzadeh, H., Salomon, J.A., Samodra, Y.L., Samy, A.M., Sanabria, J., Santric-Milicevic, M.M., Saraswathy, S.Y.I., Sarker, A.R., Sarrafzadegan, N., Sarveazad, A., Sathian, B., Sathish, T., Sattin, D., Saxena, S., Saya, G.K., Saylan, M., Schiavolin, S., Schlaich, M.P., Schwebel, D.C., Schwendicke, F., Senthilkumaran, S., Sepanlou, S.G., Serván-Mori, E., Sha, F., Shafaat, O., Shahabi, S., Shahbaz, M., Shaheen, A.A., Shahid, I., Shaikh, M.A., Shakiba, S., Shalash, A.S., Shams-Beyranvand, M., Shannawaz, M., Sharafi, K., Sheikh, A., Sheikhbahaei, S., Shiferaw, W.S., Shigematsu, M., Shin, J.I., Shiri, R., Shiue, I., Shuval, K., Siddiqi, T.J., Sidemo, N.B., 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B.A., Dahlawi, S.M.A., Dai, H., Dai, X., Dandona, L., Dandona, R., Daneshpajouhnejad, P., Darmstadt, G.L, Das, J.K., Dávila-Cervantes, C.A., Davis, A.C., Davletov, K., De la Hoz, F.P., De Leo, D., Deeba, F., Denova-Gutiérrez, E., Dervenis, N., Desalew, A., Deuba, K., Dey, S., Dharmaratne, S.D., Dhingra, S., Dhungana, G.P., Dias da Silva, D., Diaz, D., Dorostkar, F., Doshmangir, L., Dubljanin, E., Duraes, A.R., Eagan, A.W., Edinur, H.A., Efendi, F., Eftekharzadeh, S., El Sayed, I., El Tantawi, M., Elbarazi, I., Elgendy, I.Y., El-Jaafary, S.I., Emami, A., Enany, S., Eyawo, O., Ezzikouri, S., Faris, P.S., Farzadfar, F., Fattahi, N., Fauk, N.K., Fazlzadeh, M., Feigin, V.L., Ferede, T.Y., Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Fernandes, E., Ferrara, P., Filip, I., Fischer, F., Fisher, J.L., Foigt, N.A., Folayan, M.O., Foroutan, M., Franklin, R.C., Freitas, M., Friedman, S.D., Fukumoto, T., Gad, M.M., Gaidhane, A.M., Gaidhane, S., Gaihre, S., Gallus, S., Garcia-Basteiro, A.L., Garcia-Gordillo, M.A., Gardner, W.M., Gaspar Fonseca, M., Gebremedhin, K.B., Getacher, L., Ghashghaee, A., Gholamian, A., Gilani, S.A., Gill, T.K., Giussani, G., Gnedovskaya, E.V., Godinho, M.A., Goel, A., Golechha, M., Gona, P.N., Gopalani, S.V., Goudarzi, H., Grivna, M., Gugnani, H.C., Guido, D., Guimarães, R.A., Gupta, R.D., Gupta, R., Hafezi-Nejad, N., Haider, M.R., Haj-Mirzaian, A., Hamidi, S., Hanif, A., Hankey, G.J., Hargono, A., Hasaballah, A.I., Hasan, M.M., Hasan, S.S., Hassan, A., Hassanipour, S., Hassankhani, H., Havmoeller, R.J., Hayat, K., Heidari-Soureshjani, R., Henry, N.J., Herteliu, C., Hole, M.K., Holla, R., Hossain, N., Hosseini, M., Hosseinzadeh, M., Hostiuc, M., Hostiuc, S., Househ, M., Huang, J., Humayun, A., Hwang, B-F, Iavicoli, I., Ibitoye, S.E., Ikuta, K.S., Ilesanmi, O.S., Ilic, I.M., Ilic, M.D., Inamdar, S., Inbaraj, L.R., Iqbal, K., Iqbal, U., Islam, M.M., Islam, S.M.S., Iso, H., Iwagami, M., Iwu, C.C.D., Jaafari, J., Jacobsen, K.H., Jagnoor, J., Jain, V., Janodia, M.D., Javaheri, T., Javanmardi, F., Jayaram, S., Jayatilleke, A.U., Jenabi, E., Jha, R.P., Ji, J.S., John, O., Jonas, J.B., Joo, T., Joseph, N., Joukar, F., Jozwiak, J.J., Jürisson, M., Kabir, A., Kabir, Z., Kalankesh, L.R., Kamyari, N., Kanchan, T., Kapoor, N., Karami Matin, B., Karch, A., Karimi, S.E., Kassahun, G., Kayode, G.A., Kazemi Karyani, A., Kemmer, L., Khalid, N., Khalilov, R., Khammarnia, M., Khan, E.A., Khan, G., Khan, M., Khan, Md.N., Khang, Y-H, Khatab, K., Khater, A.M., Khater, M.M., Khayamzadeh, M., Khosravi, A., Kim, D., Kim, Y-E, Kim, Y.J., Kimokoti, R.W., Kisa, A., Kisa, S., Kissoon, N., Kopec, J.A., Kosen, S., Koul, P.A., Koulmane Laxminarayana, S.L., Koyanagi, A., Krishan, K., Krishnamoorthy, V., Kuate Defo, B., Kucuk Bicer, B., Kulkarni, V., Kumar, G.A., Kumar, M., Kumar, N., Kurmi, O.P., Kusuma, D., La Vecchia, C., Lacey, B., Lalloo, R., Lami, F.H., Landires, I., Larsson, A.O., Lasrado, S., Lassi, Z.S., Lauriola, P., Lee, P.H., Lee, S.W.H., Lee, Y.H., Leigh, J., Leonardi, M., Lewycka, S., Li, B., Li, S., Liang, J., Lim, L-L, Limenih, M.A., Lin, R-T, Liu, X., Lodha, R., Lopez, A.D., Lozano, R., Lugo, A., Lunevicius, R., Mackay, M.T., Madhava Kunjathur, S., Magnani, F.G., Mahadeshwara Prasad, D.R., Maheri, M., Mahmoudi, M., Majeed, A., Maled, V., Maleki, A., Maleki, S., Malekzadeh, R., Malik, A.A., Malta, D.C., Mamun, A.A., Mansouri, B., Mansournia, M.A., Martinez, G., Martini, S., Martins-Melo, F.R., Masoumi, S.Z., Maulik, P.K., McAlinden, C., McGrath, J.J., Medina-Solís, C.E., Mehrabi Nasab, E., Mejia-Rodriguez, F., Memish, Z.A., Mendoza, W., Menezes, R.G., Mengesha, E.W., Mensah, G.A., Meretoja, A., Meretoja, T.J., Mersha, A.M., Mestrovic, T., Miazgowski, B., Miazgowski, T., Michalek, I.M., Miller, T.R., Mini, G.K., Miri, M., Mirica, A., Mirrakhimov, E.M., Mirzaei, H., Mirzaei, M., Moazen, B., Moghadaszadeh, M., Mohajer, B., Mohamad, O., Mohammad, Y., Mohammadi, S.M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A., Mohammed, S., Mokdad, A.H., Molokhia, M., Monasta, L., Mondello, S., Moni, M.A., Moore, C.E., Moradi, G., Moradi, M., Moradzadeh, R., Moraga, P., Morawska, L., Morrison, S.D., Mosser, J.F., Mousavi Khaneghah, A., Mustafa, G., Naderi, M., Nagarajan, A.J., Nagaraju, S.P., Naghavi, M., Naghshtabrizi, B., Naimzada, M.D., Nangia, V., Narasimha Swamy, S., Nascimento, B.R., Naveed, M., Nazari, J., Ndejjo, R., Negoi, I., Negoi, R.I., Nena, E., Nepal, S., Netsere, H.B., Nguefack-Tsague, G., Ngunjiri, J.W., Nguyen, C.T.Y., Nguyen, C.T., Nguyen, H.L.T., Nigatu, Y.T., Nigussie, S.N., Nixon, M.R., Nnaji, C.A., Nomura, S., Noor, N.M., Noubiap, J.J., Nunez-Samudio, V., Nwatah, V.E., Oancea, B., Odukoya, O.O., Ogbo, F.A., Olusanya, B.O., Olusanya, J.O., Omar Bali, A., Onwujekwe, O.E., Ortiz, A., Otoiu, A., Otstavnov, N., Otstavnov, S.S., Owolabi, M.O., Mahesh, P.A., Padubidri, J.R., Pakhale, S., Pakshir, K., Pal, P.K., Palladino, R., Pana, A., Panda-Jonas, S., Pandey, A., Pandi-Perumal, S.R., Pangaribuan, H.U., Pardo-Montaño, A.M., Park, E-K, Patel, S.K., Patton, G.C., Pawar, S., Pazoki Toroudi, H., Peden, A.E., Pepito, V.C.F., Peprah, E.K., Pereira, J., Pérez-Gómez, J., Perico, N., Pesudovs, K., Pilgrim, T., Pinheiro, M., Piradov, M.A., Pirsaheb, M., Platts-Mills, J.A., Pokhrel, K.N., Postma, M.J., Pourjafar, H., Prada, S.I., Prakash, S., Pupillo, E., Quazi Syed, Z., Rabiee, N., Radfar, A., Rafiee, A., Rafiei, A., Raggi, A., Rahimzadeh, S., Rahman, M.H.U., Rahmani, A.M., Ramezanzadeh, K., Rana, J., Ranabhat, C.L., Rao, S.J., Rasella, D., Rastogi, P., Rathi, P., Rawaf, D.L., Rawaf, S., Rawasia, W.F., Rawassizadeh, R., Reiner Jr, R.C., Remuzzi, G., Renzaho, A.M.N., Reshmi, B., Resnikoff, S., Rezaei, N., Rezapour, A., Riahi, S.M., Ribeiro, D., Rickard, J., Roever, L., Ronfani, L., Rothenbacher, D., Rubagotti, E., Rumisha, S.F., Ryan, P.M., Saddik, B., Sadeghi, E., Saeedi Moghaddam, S., Sagar, R., Sahebkar, A., Salahshoor, M.R., Salehi, S., Salem, M.R., Salimzadeh, H., Salomon, J.A., Samodra, Y.L., Samy, A.M., Sanabria, J., Santric-Milicevic, M.M., Saraswathy, S.Y.I., Sarker, A.R., Sarrafzadegan, N., Sarveazad, A., Sathian, B., Sathish, T., Sattin, D., Saxena, S., Saya, G.K., Saylan, M., Schiavolin, S., Schlaich, M.P., Schwebel, D.C., Schwendicke, F., Senthilkumaran, S., Sepanlou, S.G., Serván-Mori, E., Sha, F., Shafaat, O., Shahabi, S., Shahbaz, M., Shaheen, A.A., Shahid, I., Shaikh, M.A., Shakiba, S., Shalash, A.S., Shams-Beyranvand, M., Shannawaz, M., Sharafi, K., Sheikh, A., Sheikhbahaei, S., Shiferaw, W.S., Shigematsu, M., Shin, J.I., Shiri, R., Shiue, I., Shuval, K., Siddiqi, T.J., Sidemo, N.B., Sigfusdottir, I.D., Sigurvinsdottir, R., Silva, J.P., Silverberg, J.I.S., Simonetti, B., Singh, B.B., Singh, J.A., Singhal, D., Sinha, D.N., Skiadaresi, E., Skryabin, V.Y., Skryabina, A.A., Sleet, D.A., Sobaih, B.H., Sobhiyeh, M.R., Soltani, S., Soriano, J.B., Spurlock, E.E., Sreeramareddy, C.T., Steiropoulos, P., Stokes, M.A., Stortecky, S., Sufiyan, M.B., Suliankatchi Abdulkader, R., Sulo, G., Swope, C.B., Sykes, B.L., Szeto, M.D., Szócska, M., Tabarés-Seisdedos, R., Tadesse, E.G., Taherkhani, A., Tamiru, A.T., Tareque, M.I., Tehrani-Banihashemi, A., Temsah, M-H, Tesfay, F.H., Tessema, G.A., Tessema, Z.T., Thankappan, K.R., Thapar, R., Tolani, M.A., Tovani-Palone, M.R., Traini, E., Tran, B.X., Tripathy, J.P., Tsapparellas, G., Tsatsakis, A., Tudor Car, L., Uddin, R., Ullah, A., Umeokonkwo, C.D., Unim, B., Unnikrishnan, B., Upadhyay, E., Usman, M.S., Vacante, M., Vaezi, M., Valadan Tahbaz, S., Valdez, P.R., Vasankari, T.J., Venketasubramanian, N., Verma, M., Violante, F.S., Vlassov, V., Vo, B., Vu, G.T., Wado, Y.D., Waheed, Y., Wamai, R.G., Wang, Y., Wang, Y-P, Ward, P., Werdecker, A., Westerman, R., Wickramasinghe, N.D., Wilner, L.B., Wiysonge, C.S., Wu, A-M, Wu, C., Xie, Y., Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S.H., Yamagishi, K., Yandrapalli, S., Yaya, S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V., Yip, P., Yonemoto, N., Yoon, S-J, Younis, M.Z., Yousefi, Z., Yousefinezhadi, T., Yu, C., Yusuf, S.S., Zaidi, S.S., Zaman, S.B., Zamani, M., Zamanian, M., Zastrozhin, M.S., Zastrozhina, A., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z-J, Zhao, Xi-J.G., Ziapour, A., Hay, S.I., Murray, C.J.L., Wang, H., and Kassebaum, N.J.

Abstract

Background Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 has targeted elimination of preventable child mortality, reduction of neonatal death to less than 12 per 1000 livebirths, and reduction of death of children younger than 5 years to less than 25 per 1000 livebirths, for each country by 2030. To understand current rates, recent trends, and potential trajectories of child mortality for the next decade, we present the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 findings for all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality in children younger than 5 years of age, with multiple scenarios for child mortality in 2030 that include the consideration of potential effects of COVID-19, and a novel framework for quantifying optimal child survival. Methods We completed all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality analyses from 204 countries and territories for detailed age groups separately, with aggregated mortality probabilities per 1000 livebirths computed for neonatal mortality rate (NMR) and under-5 mortality rate (U5MR). Scenarios for 2030 represent different potential trajectories, notably including potential effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the potential impact of improvements preferentially targeting neonatal survival. Optimal child survival metrics were developed by age, sex, and cause of death across all GBD location-years. The first metric is a global optimum and is based on the lowest observed mortality, and the second is a survival potential frontier that is based on stochastic frontier analysis of observed mortality and Healthcare Access and Quality Index. Findings Global U5MR decreased from 71·2 deaths per 1000 livebirths (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 68·3–74·0) in 2000 to 37·1 (33·2–41·7) in 2019 while global NMR correspondingly declined more slowly from 28·0 deaths per 1000 live births (26·8–29·5) in 2000 to 17·9 (16·3–19·8) in 2019. In 2019, 136 (67%) of 204 countries had a U5MR at or below the SDG 3.2 threshold and 133 (65%) had an

Published
2021

28. Tracking development assistance for health and for COVID-19: A review of development assistance, government, out-of-pocket, and other private spending on health for 204 countries and territories, 1990–2050

Author

Micah, A.E., Cogswell, I.E., Cunningham, B., Ezoe, S., Harle, A.C., Maddison, E.R., McCracken, D., Nomura, S., Simpson, K.E., Stutzman, H.N., Tsakalos, G., Wallace, L.E., Zhao, Y., Zende, R.R., Abbafati, C., Abdelmasseh, M., Abedi, A., Abegaz, K.H., Abhilash, E.S., Abolhassani, H., Abrigo, M.R.M., Adhikari, T.B., Afzal, S., Ahinkorah, B.O., Ahmadi, S., Ahmed, H., Ahmed, M.B., Ahmed Rashid, T., Ajami, M., Aji, B., Akalu, Y., Akunna, C.J., Al Hamad, H., Alam, K., Alanezi, F.M., Alanzi, T.M., Alemayehu, Y., Alhassan, R.K., Alinia, C., Aljunid, S.M., Almustanyir, S.A., Alvis-Guzman, N., Alvis-Zakzuk, N.J., Amini, S., Amini-Rarani, M., Amu, H., Ancuceanu, R., Andrei, C.L., Andrei, T., Angell, B., Anjomshoa, M., Antonio, C.A.T., Antony, C.M., Aqeel, M., Arabloo, J., Arab-Zozani, M., Aripov, T., Arrigo, A., Ashraf, T., Atnafu, D.D., Ausloos, M., Avila-Burgos, L., Awan, A.T., Ayano, G., Ayanore, M.A., Azari, S., Azhar, G.S., Babalola, T.K., Bahrami, M.A., Baig, A.A., Banach, M., Barati, N., Bärnighausen, T.W., Barrow, A., Basu, S., Baune, B.T., Bayati, M., Benzian, H., Berman, A.E., Bhagavathula, A.S., Bhardwaj, N., Bhardwaj, P., Bhaskar, S., Bibi, S., Bijani, A., Bodolica, V., Bragazzi, N.L., Braithwaite, D., Breitborde, N.J.K., Breusov, A.V., Briko, N.I., Busse, R., Cahuana-Hurtado, L., Callander, E.J., Cámera, L.A., Castañeda-Orjuela, C.A., Catalá-López, F., Charan, J., Chatterjee, S., Chattu, S.K., Chattu, V.K., Chen, S., Cicero, A.F.G., Dadras, O., Dahlawi, S.M.A., Dai, X., Dalal, K., Dandona, L., Dandona, R., Davitoiu, D.V., De Neve, J-W, de Sá-Junior, A.R., Denova-Gutiérrez, E., Dhamnetiya, D., Dharmaratne, S.D., Doshmangir, L., Dube, J., Ehsani-Chimeh, E., El Sayed Zaki, M., El Tantawi, M., Eskandarieh, S., Farzadfar, F., Ferede, T.Y., Fischer, F., Foigt, N.A., Freitas, A., Friedman, S.D., Fukumoto, T., Fullman, N., Gaal, P.A., Gad, M.M., Garcia-Gordillo, M.A., Garg, T., Ghafourifard, M., Ghashghaee, A., Gholamian, A., Gholamrezanezhad, A., Ghozali, G., Gilani, S.A., Glăvan, I-R, Glushkova, E.V., Goharinezhad, S., Golechha, M., Goli, S., Guha, A., Gupta, V.B., Gupta, V.K., Haakenstad, A., Haider, M.R., Hailu, A., Hamidi, S., Hanif, A., Harapan, H., Hartono, R.K., Hasaballah, A.I., Hassan, S., Hassanein, M.H., Hayat, K., Hegazy, M.I., Heidari, G., Hendrie, D., Heredia-Pi, I., Herteliu, C., Hezam, K., Holla, R., Hossain, S.., Hosseinzadeh, M., Hostiuc, S., Huda, T.M., Hwang, B-F, Iavicoli, I., Idrisov, B., Ilesanmi, O.S., Irvani, S.S.N., Islam, S.M.S., Ismail, N.E., Isola, G., Jahani, M.A., Jahanmehr, N., Jakovljevic, M., Janodia, M.D., Javaheri, T., Jayapal, S.K., Jayawardena, R., Jazayeri, S.B., Jha, R.P., Jonas, J.B., Joo, T., Joukar, F., Jürisson, M., Kaambwa, B., Kalhor, R., Kanchan, T., Kandel, H., Karami Matin, B., Karimi, S.E., Kassahun, G., Kayode, G.A., Kazemi Karyani, A., Keikavoosi-Arani, L., Khader, Y.S., Khajuria, H., Khalilov, R., Khammarnia, M., Khan, J., Khubchandani, J., Kianipour, N., Kim, G.R., Kim, Y.J., Kisa, A., Kisa, S., Kohler, S., Kosen, S., Koteeswaran, R., Koulmane Laxminarayana, S.L., Koyanagi, A., Krishan, K., Kumar, G.A., Kusuma, D., Lamnisos, D., Lansingh, V.C., Larsson, A.O., Lasrado, S., Le, L.K.D., Lee, S.W.H., Lee, Y.Y., Lim, S.S., Lobo, S.W., Lozano, R., Magdy Abd El Razek, H., Magdy Abd El Razek, M., Mahdavi, M.M., Majeed, A., Makki, A., Maleki, A., Malekzadeh, R., Manda, A.L., Mansour-Ghanaei, F., Mansournia, M.A., Marrugo Arnedo, C.A., Martinez-Valle, A., Masoumi, S.Z., Maude, Ri.J., McKee, M., Medina-Solís, C.E., Menezes, R.G., Meretoja, A., Meretoja, T.J., Mesregah, M.K., Mestrovic, T., Milevska Kostova, N., Miller, T.R., Mini, G.K., Mirica, A., Mirrakhimov, E.M., Mohajer, B., Mohamed, T.A., Mohammadi, M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A., Mohammed, S., Moitra, M., Mokdad, A.H., Molokhia, M., Moni, M.A., Moradi, Y., Morze, J., Mousavi, S.M., Mpundu-Kaambwa, C., Muriithi, M.K, Muthupandian, S., Nagarajan, A.J., Naimzada, M.D., Nangia, V., Naqvi, A.A., Narayana, A.I., Nascimento, B.R., Naveed, M., Nayak, B.P., Nazari, J., Ndejjo, R., Negoi, I., Neupane Kandel, S., Nguyen, T.H., Nonvignon, J., Noubiap, J.J., Nwatah, V.E., Oancea, B., Ojelabi, F.A.O., Olagunju, A.T., Olakunde, B.O., Olgiati, S., Olusanya, J.O., Onwujekwe, O.E., Otoiu, A., Otstavnov, N., Otstavnov, S.S., Owolabi, M.O., Padubidri, J.R., Palladino, R., Panda-Jonas, S., Park, E-C, Pashazadeh Kan, F., Pawar, S., Pazoki Toroudi, H., Pereira, D.M., Perianayagam, A., Pesudovs, K., Piccinelli, C., Postma, M.J., Prada, S.I., Rabiee, M., Rabiee, N., Rahim, F., Rahimi-Movaghar, V., Rahman, M.H.U., Rahman, M., Rahmani, A.M., Ram, U., Ranabhat, C.L., Ranasinghe, P., Rao, C.R., Rathi, P., Rawaf, D.L., Rawaf, S., Rawal, L., Rawassizadeh, R., Reiner Jr, R.C., Renzaho, A.M.N., Reshmi, B., Riaz, M.A., Ripon, R.K., Saad, A.M., Sahraian, M.A., Sahu, M., Salama, J.S., Salehi, S., Samy, A.M., Sanabria, J., Sanmarchi, F., Santos, J.V., Santric-Milicevic, M.M., Sathian, B., Savic, M., Saxena, D., Sayyah, M., Schwendicke, F., Senthilkumaran, S., Sepanlou, S.G., Seylani, A., Shahabi, S., Shaikh, M.A., Sheikh, A., Shetty, A., Shetty, P.H., Shibuya, K., Shrime, M.G., Shuja, K.H., Singh, J.A., Skryabin, V.Y., Skryabina, A.A., Soltani, S., Soofi, M., Spurlock, E.E., Stefan, S.C., Szerencsés, V., Szócska, M., Tabarés-Seisdedos, R., Taddele, B.W., Tefera, Y.G., Thavamani, A., Tobe-Gai, R., Topor-Madry, R., Tovani-Palone, M.R., Tran, B.X., Tudor Car, L., Ullah, A., Ullah, S., Umar, N., Undurraga, E.A., Valdez, P.R., Vasankari, T.J., Villafañe, J.H., Violante, F.S., Vlassov, V., Vo, B., Vollmer, S., Vos, T., Vu, G.T., Vu, L.G., Wamai, R.G., Werdecker, A., Woldekidan, M.A., Wubishet, B.L., Xu, G., Yaya, S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V., Yiğit, V., Yip, P., Yirdaw, B.W., Yonemoto, N., Younis, M.Z., Yu, C., Yunusa, I., Zahirian Moghadam, T., Zandian, H., Zastrozhin, M.S., Zastrozhina, A., Zhang, Z-J, Ziapour, A., Zuniga, Y.M.H., Hay, S.I., Murray, C. J.L., Dieleman, J.L., Micah, A.E., Cogswell, I.E., Cunningham, B., Ezoe, S., Harle, A.C., Maddison, E.R., McCracken, D., Nomura, S., Simpson, K.E., Stutzman, H.N., Tsakalos, G., Wallace, L.E., Zhao, Y., Zende, R.R., Abbafati, C., Abdelmasseh, M., Abedi, A., Abegaz, K.H., Abhilash, E.S., Abolhassani, H., Abrigo, M.R.M., Adhikari, T.B., Afzal, S., Ahinkorah, B.O., Ahmadi, S., Ahmed, H., Ahmed, M.B., Ahmed Rashid, T., Ajami, M., Aji, B., Akalu, Y., Akunna, C.J., Al Hamad, H., Alam, K., Alanezi, F.M., Alanzi, T.M., Alemayehu, Y., Alhassan, R.K., Alinia, C., Aljunid, S.M., Almustanyir, S.A., Alvis-Guzman, N., Alvis-Zakzuk, N.J., Amini, S., Amini-Rarani, M., Amu, H., Ancuceanu, R., Andrei, C.L., Andrei, T., Angell, B., Anjomshoa, M., Antonio, C.A.T., Antony, C.M., Aqeel, M., Arabloo, J., Arab-Zozani, M., Aripov, T., Arrigo, A., Ashraf, T., Atnafu, D.D., Ausloos, M., Avila-Burgos, L., Awan, A.T., Ayano, G., Ayanore, M.A., Azari, S., Azhar, G.S., Babalola, T.K., Bahrami, M.A., Baig, A.A., Banach, M., Barati, N., Bärnighausen, T.W., Barrow, A., Basu, S., Baune, B.T., Bayati, M., Benzian, H., Berman, A.E., Bhagavathula, A.S., Bhardwaj, N., Bhardwaj, P., Bhaskar, S., Bibi, S., Bijani, A., Bodolica, V., Bragazzi, N.L., Braithwaite, D., Breitborde, N.J.K., Breusov, A.V., Briko, N.I., Busse, R., Cahuana-Hurtado, L., Callander, E.J., Cámera, L.A., Castañeda-Orjuela, C.A., Catalá-López, F., Charan, J., Chatterjee, S., Chattu, S.K., Chattu, V.K., Chen, S., Cicero, A.F.G., Dadras, O., Dahlawi, S.M.A., Dai, X., Dalal, K., Dandona, L., Dandona, R., Davitoiu, D.V., De Neve, J-W, de Sá-Junior, A.R., Denova-Gutiérrez, E., Dhamnetiya, D., Dharmaratne, S.D., Doshmangir, L., Dube, J., Ehsani-Chimeh, E., El Sayed Zaki, M., El Tantawi, M., Eskandarieh, S., Farzadfar, F., Ferede, T.Y., Fischer, F., Foigt, N.A., Freitas, A., Friedman, S.D., Fukumoto, T., Fullman, N., Gaal, P.A., Gad, M.M., Garcia-Gordillo, M.A., Garg, T., Ghafourifard, M., Ghashghaee, A., Gholamian, A., Gholamrezanezhad, A., Ghozali, G., Gilani, S.A., Glăvan, I-R, Glushkova, E.V., Goharinezhad, S., Golechha, M., Goli, S., Guha, A., Gupta, V.B., Gupta, V.K., Haakenstad, A., Haider, M.R., Hailu, A., Hamidi, S., Hanif, A., Harapan, H., Hartono, R.K., Hasaballah, A.I., Hassan, S., Hassanein, M.H., Hayat, K., Hegazy, M.I., Heidari, G., Hendrie, D., Heredia-Pi, I., Herteliu, C., Hezam, K., Holla, R., Hossain, S.., Hosseinzadeh, M., Hostiuc, S., Huda, T.M., Hwang, B-F, Iavicoli, I., Idrisov, B., Ilesanmi, O.S., Irvani, S.S.N., Islam, S.M.S., Ismail, N.E., Isola, G., Jahani, M.A., Jahanmehr, N., Jakovljevic, M., Janodia, M.D., Javaheri, T., Jayapal, S.K., Jayawardena, R., Jazayeri, S.B., Jha, R.P., Jonas, J.B., Joo, T., Joukar, F., Jürisson, M., Kaambwa, B., Kalhor, R., Kanchan, T., Kandel, H., Karami Matin, B., Karimi, S.E., Kassahun, G., Kayode, G.A., Kazemi Karyani, A., Keikavoosi-Arani, L., Khader, Y.S., Khajuria, H., Khalilov, R., Khammarnia, M., Khan, J., Khubchandani, J., Kianipour, N., Kim, G.R., Kim, Y.J., Kisa, A., Kisa, S., Kohler, S., Kosen, S., Koteeswaran, R., Koulmane Laxminarayana, S.L., Koyanagi, A., Krishan, K., Kumar, G.A., Kusuma, D., Lamnisos, D., Lansingh, V.C., Larsson, A.O., Lasrado, S., Le, L.K.D., Lee, S.W.H., Lee, Y.Y., Lim, S.S., Lobo, S.W., Lozano, R., Magdy Abd El Razek, H., Magdy Abd El Razek, M., Mahdavi, M.M., Majeed, A., Makki, A., Maleki, A., Malekzadeh, R., Manda, A.L., Mansour-Ghanaei, F., Mansournia, M.A., Marrugo Arnedo, C.A., Martinez-Valle, A., Masoumi, S.Z., Maude, Ri.J., McKee, M., Medina-Solís, C.E., Menezes, R.G., Meretoja, A., Meretoja, T.J., Mesregah, M.K., Mestrovic, T., Milevska Kostova, N., Miller, T.R., Mini, G.K., Mirica, A., Mirrakhimov, E.M., Mohajer, B., Mohamed, T.A., Mohammadi, M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A., Mohammed, S., Moitra, M., Mokdad, A.H., Molokhia, M., Moni, M.A., Moradi, Y., Morze, J., Mousavi, S.M., Mpundu-Kaambwa, C., Muriithi, M.K, Muthupandian, S., Nagarajan, A.J., Naimzada, M.D., Nangia, V., Naqvi, A.A., Narayana, A.I., Nascimento, B.R., Naveed, M., Nayak, B.P., Nazari, J., Ndejjo, R., Negoi, I., Neupane Kandel, S., Nguyen, T.H., Nonvignon, J., Noubiap, J.J., Nwatah, V.E., Oancea, B., Ojelabi, F.A.O., Olagunju, A.T., Olakunde, B.O., Olgiati, S., Olusanya, J.O., Onwujekwe, O.E., Otoiu, A., Otstavnov, N., Otstavnov, S.S., Owolabi, M.O., Padubidri, J.R., Palladino, R., Panda-Jonas, S., Park, E-C, Pashazadeh Kan, F., Pawar, S., Pazoki Toroudi, H., Pereira, D.M., Perianayagam, A., Pesudovs, K., Piccinelli, C., Postma, M.J., Prada, S.I., Rabiee, M., Rabiee, N., Rahim, F., Rahimi-Movaghar, V., Rahman, M.H.U., Rahman, M., Rahmani, A.M., Ram, U., Ranabhat, C.L., Ranasinghe, P., Rao, C.R., Rathi, P., Rawaf, D.L., Rawaf, S., Rawal, L., Rawassizadeh, R., Reiner Jr, R.C., Renzaho, A.M.N., Reshmi, B., Riaz, M.A., Ripon, R.K., Saad, A.M., Sahraian, M.A., Sahu, M., Salama, J.S., Salehi, S., Samy, A.M., Sanabria, J., Sanmarchi, F., Santos, J.V., Santric-Milicevic, M.M., Sathian, B., Savic, M., Saxena, D., Sayyah, M., Schwendicke, F., Senthilkumaran, S., Sepanlou, S.G., Seylani, A., Shahabi, S., Shaikh, M.A., Sheikh, A., Shetty, A., Shetty, P.H., Shibuya, K., Shrime, M.G., Shuja, K.H., Singh, J.A., Skryabin, V.Y., Skryabina, A.A., Soltani, S., Soofi, M., Spurlock, E.E., Stefan, S.C., Szerencsés, V., Szócska, M., Tabarés-Seisdedos, R., Taddele, B.W., Tefera, Y.G., Thavamani, A., Tobe-Gai, R., Topor-Madry, R., Tovani-Palone, M.R., Tran, B.X., Tudor Car, L., Ullah, A., Ullah, S., Umar, N., Undurraga, E.A., Valdez, P.R., Vasankari, T.J., Villafañe, J.H., Violante, F.S., Vlassov, V., Vo, B., Vollmer, S., Vos, T., Vu, G.T., Vu, L.G., Wamai, R.G., Werdecker, A., Woldekidan, M.A., Wubishet, B.L., Xu, G., Yaya, S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V., Yiğit, V., Yip, P., Yirdaw, B.W., Yonemoto, N., Younis, M.Z., Yu, C., Yunusa, I., Zahirian Moghadam, T., Zandian, H., Zastrozhin, M.S., Zastrozhina, A., Zhang, Z-J, Ziapour, A., Zuniga, Y.M.H., Hay, S.I., Murray, C. J.L., and Dieleman, J.L.

Abstract

Background The rapid spread of COVID-19 renewed the focus on how health systems across the globe are financed, especially during public health emergencies. Development assistance is an important source of health financing in many low-income countries, yet little is known about how much of this funding was disbursed for COVID-19. We aimed to put development assistance for health for COVID-19 in the context of broader trends in global health financing, and to estimate total health spending from 1995 to 2050 and development assistance for COVID-19 in 2020. Methods We estimated domestic health spending and development assistance for health to generate total health-sector spending estimates for 204 countries and territories. We leveraged data from the WHO Global Health Expenditure Database to produce estimates of domestic health spending. To generate estimates for development assistance for health, we relied on project-level disbursement data from the major international development agencies' online databases and annual financial statements and reports for information on income sources. To adjust our estimates for 2020 to include disbursements related to COVID-19, we extracted project data on commitments and disbursements from a broader set of databases (because not all of the data sources used to estimate the historical series extend to 2020), including the UN Office of Humanitarian Assistance Financial Tracking Service and the International Aid Transparency Initiative. We reported all the historic and future spending estimates in inflation-adjusted 2020 US$, 2020 US$ per capita, purchasing-power parity-adjusted US$ per capita, and as a proportion of gross domestic product. We used various models to generate future health spending to 2050. Findings In 2019, health spending globally reached $8·8 trillion (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 8·7–8·8) or $1132 (1119–1143) per person. Spending on health varied within and across income groups and geographical regions. Of this tota

Published
2021

29. Virtual Histology of Cortical Thickness and Shared Neurobiology in 6 Psychiatric Disorders

Author

Patel, Y., Parker, N., Shin, J., Howard, D., French, L., Thomopoulos, S.I., Pozzi, E., Abe, Y., Abé, C., Anticevic, A., Alda, M., Aleman, A., Alloza, C., Alonso-Lana, S., Ameis, S.H., Anagnostou, E., McIntosh, A.A., Arango, C., Arnold, P.D., Asherson, P., Assogna, F., Auzias, G., Ayesa-Arriola, R., Bakker, G., Banaj, N., Banaschewski, T., Bandeira, C.E., Baranov, A., Bargalló, N., Bau, C.H.D., Baumeister, S., Baune, B.T., Bellgrove, M.A., Benedetti, F., Bertolino, A., Boedhoe, P.S.W., Boks, M., Bollettini, I., Del Mar Bonnin, C., Borgers, T., Borgwardt, S., Brandeis, D., Brennan, B.P., Bruggemann, J.M., Bülow, R., Busatto, G.F., Calderoni, S., Calhoun, V.D., Calvo, R., Canales-Rodríguez, E.J., Cannon, D.M., Carr, V.J., Cascella, N., Cercignani, M., Chaim-Avancini, T.M., Christakou, A., Coghill, D., Conzelmann, A., Crespo-Facorro, B., Cubillo, A.I., Cullen, K.R., Cupertino, R.B., Daly, E., Dannlowski, U., Davey, C.G., Denys, D., Deruelle, C., Di Giorgio, A., Dickie, E.W., Dima, D., Dohm, K., Ehrlich, S., Ely, B.A., Erwin-Grabner, T., Ethofer, T., Fair, D.A., Fallgatter, A.J., Faraone, S.V., Fatjó-Vilas, M., Fedor, J.M., Fitzgerald, K.D., Ford, J.M., Frodl, T., Fu, C.H.Y., Fullerton, J.M., Gabel, M.C., Glahn, D.C., Roberts, G., Gogberashvili, T., Goikolea, J.M., Gotlib, I.H., Goya-Maldonado, R., Grabe, H.J., Green, M.J., Grevet, E.H., Groenewold, N.A., Grotegerd, D., Gruber, O., Gruner, P., Guerrero-Pedraza, A., Gur, R.E., Gur, R.C., Haar, S., Haarman, B.C.M., Haavik, J., Hahn, T., Hajek, T., Harrison, B.J., Harrison, N.A., Hartman, C.A., Whalley, H.C., Heslenfeld, D.J., Hibar, D.P., Hilland, E., Hirano, Y., Ho, T.C., Hoekstra, P.J., Hoekstra, L., Hohmann, S., Hong, L.E., Höschl, C., Høvik, M.F., Howells, F.M., Nenadic, I., Jalbrzikowski, M., James, A.C., Janssen, J., Jaspers-Fayer, F., Xu, J., Jonassen, R., Karkashadze, G., King, J.A., Kircher, T., Kirschner, M., Koch, K., Kochunov, P., Kohls, G., Konrad, K., Krämer, B., Krug, A., Kuntsi, J., Kwon, J.S., Landén, M., Landrø, N.I., Lazaro, L., Lebedeva, I.S., Leehr, E.J., Lera-Miguel, S., Lesch, K.-P., Lochner, C., Louza, M.R., Luna, B., Lundervold, A.J., Macmaster, F.P., Maglanoc, L.A., Malpas, C.B., Portella, M.J., Marsh, R., Martyn, F.M., Mataix-Cols, D., Mathalon, D.H., McCarthy, H., McDonald, C., McPhilemy, G., Meinert, S., Menchón, J.M., Minuzzi, L., Mitchell, P.B., Moreno, C., Morgado, P., Muratori, F., Murphy, C.M., Murphy, D., Mwangi, B., Nabulsi, L., Nakagawa, A., Nakamae, T., Namazova, L., Narayanaswamy, J., Jahanshad, N., Nguyen, D.D., Nicolau, R., O'Gorman Tuura, R.L., O'Hearn, K., Oosterlaan, J., Opel, N., Ophoff, R.A., Oranje, B., García De La Foz, V.O., Overs, B.J., Paloyelis, Y., Pantelis, C., Parellada, M., Pauli, P., Picó-Pérez, M., Picon, F.A., Piras, F., Plessen, K.J., Pomarol-Clotet, E., Preda, A., Puig, O., Quidé, Y., Radua, J., Ramos-Quiroga, J.A., Rasser, P.E., Rauer, L., Reddy, J., Redlich, R., Reif, A., Reneman, L., Repple, J., Retico, A., Richarte, V., Richter, A., Rosa, P.G.P., Rubia, K.K., Hashimoto, R., Sacchet, M.D., Salvador, R., Santonja, J., Sarink, K., Sarró, S., Satterthwaite, T.D., Sawa, A., Schall, U., Schofield, P.R., Schrantee, A., Seitz, J., Serpa, M.H., Setién-Suero, E., Shaw, P., Shook, D., Silk, T.J., Sim, K., Simon, S., Simpson, H.B., Singh, A., Skoch, A., Skokauskas, N., Soares, J.C., Soreni, N., Soriano-Mas, C., Spalletta, G., Spaniel, F., Lawrie, S.M., Stern, E.R., Stewart, S.E., Takayanagi, Y., Temmingh, H.S., Tolin, D.F., Tomecek, D., Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, D., Tosetti, M., Uhlmann, A., Van Amelsvoort, T., Van Der Wee, N.J.A., Van Der Werff, S.J.A., Van Haren, N.E.M., Van Wingen, G.A., Vance, A., Vázquez-Bourgon, J., Vecchio, D., Venkatasubramanian, G., Vieta, E., Vilarroya, O., Vives-Gilabert, Y., Voineskos, A.N., Völzke, H., Von Polier, G.G., Walton, E., Weickert, T.W., Weickert, C.S., Weideman, A.S., Wittfeld, K., Wolf, D.H., Wu, M.-J., Yang, T.T., Yang, K., Yoncheva, Y., Yun, J.-Y., Cheng, Y., Zanetti, M.V., Ziegler, G.C., Franke, B., Hoogman, M., Buitelaar, J.K., Van Rooij, D., Andreassen, O.A., Ching, C.R.K., Veltman, D.J., Schmaal, L., Stein, D.J., Van Den Heuvel, O.A., Turner, J.A., Van Erp, T.G.M., Pausova, Z., Thompson, P.M., Paus, T., Patel, Y., Parker, N., Shin, J., Howard, D., French, L., Thomopoulos, S.I., Pozzi, E., Abe, Y., Abé, C., Anticevic, A., Alda, M., Aleman, A., Alloza, C., Alonso-Lana, S., Ameis, S.H., Anagnostou, E., McIntosh, A.A., Arango, C., Arnold, P.D., Asherson, P., Assogna, F., Auzias, G., Ayesa-Arriola, R., Bakker, G., Banaj, N., Banaschewski, T., Bandeira, C.E., Baranov, A., Bargalló, N., Bau, C.H.D., Baumeister, S., Baune, B.T., Bellgrove, M.A., Benedetti, F., Bertolino, A., Boedhoe, P.S.W., Boks, M., Bollettini, I., Del Mar Bonnin, C., Borgers, T., Borgwardt, S., Brandeis, D., Brennan, B.P., Bruggemann, J.M., Bülow, R., Busatto, G.F., Calderoni, S., Calhoun, V.D., Calvo, R., Canales-Rodríguez, E.J., Cannon, D.M., Carr, V.J., Cascella, N., Cercignani, M., Chaim-Avancini, T.M., Christakou, A., Coghill, D., Conzelmann, A., Crespo-Facorro, B., Cubillo, A.I., Cullen, K.R., Cupertino, R.B., Daly, E., Dannlowski, U., Davey, C.G., Denys, D., Deruelle, C., Di Giorgio, A., Dickie, E.W., Dima, D., Dohm, K., Ehrlich, S., Ely, B.A., Erwin-Grabner, T., Ethofer, T., Fair, D.A., Fallgatter, A.J., Faraone, S.V., Fatjó-Vilas, M., Fedor, J.M., Fitzgerald, K.D., Ford, J.M., Frodl, T., Fu, C.H.Y., Fullerton, J.M., Gabel, M.C., Glahn, D.C., Roberts, G., Gogberashvili, T., Goikolea, J.M., Gotlib, I.H., Goya-Maldonado, R., Grabe, H.J., Green, M.J., Grevet, E.H., Groenewold, N.A., Grotegerd, D., Gruber, O., Gruner, P., Guerrero-Pedraza, A., Gur, R.E., Gur, R.C., Haar, S., Haarman, B.C.M., Haavik, J., Hahn, T., Hajek, T., Harrison, B.J., Harrison, N.A., Hartman, C.A., Whalley, H.C., Heslenfeld, D.J., Hibar, D.P., Hilland, E., Hirano, Y., Ho, T.C., Hoekstra, P.J., Hoekstra, L., Hohmann, S., Hong, L.E., Höschl, C., Høvik, M.F., Howells, F.M., Nenadic, I., Jalbrzikowski, M., James, A.C., Janssen, J., Jaspers-Fayer, F., Xu, J., Jonassen, R., Karkashadze, G., King, J.A., Kircher, T., Kirschner, M., Koch, K., Kochunov, P., Kohls, G., Konrad, K., Krämer, B., Krug, A., Kuntsi, J., Kwon, J.S., Landén, M., Landrø, N.I., Lazaro, L., Lebedeva, I.S., Leehr, E.J., Lera-Miguel, S., Lesch, K.-P., Lochner, C., Louza, M.R., Luna, B., Lundervold, A.J., Macmaster, F.P., Maglanoc, L.A., Malpas, C.B., Portella, M.J., Marsh, R., Martyn, F.M., Mataix-Cols, D., Mathalon, D.H., McCarthy, H., McDonald, C., McPhilemy, G., Meinert, S., Menchón, J.M., Minuzzi, L., Mitchell, P.B., Moreno, C., Morgado, P., Muratori, F., Murphy, C.M., Murphy, D., Mwangi, B., Nabulsi, L., Nakagawa, A., Nakamae, T., Namazova, L., Narayanaswamy, J., Jahanshad, N., Nguyen, D.D., Nicolau, R., O'Gorman Tuura, R.L., O'Hearn, K., Oosterlaan, J., Opel, N., Ophoff, R.A., Oranje, B., García De La Foz, V.O., Overs, B.J., Paloyelis, Y., Pantelis, C., Parellada, M., Pauli, P., Picó-Pérez, M., Picon, F.A., Piras, F., Plessen, K.J., Pomarol-Clotet, E., Preda, A., Puig, O., Quidé, Y., Radua, J., Ramos-Quiroga, J.A., Rasser, P.E., Rauer, L., Reddy, J., Redlich, R., Reif, A., Reneman, L., Repple, J., Retico, A., Richarte, V., Richter, A., Rosa, P.G.P., Rubia, K.K., Hashimoto, R., Sacchet, M.D., Salvador, R., Santonja, J., Sarink, K., Sarró, S., Satterthwaite, T.D., Sawa, A., Schall, U., Schofield, P.R., Schrantee, A., Seitz, J., Serpa, M.H., Setién-Suero, E., Shaw, P., Shook, D., Silk, T.J., Sim, K., Simon, S., Simpson, H.B., Singh, A., Skoch, A., Skokauskas, N., Soares, J.C., Soreni, N., Soriano-Mas, C., Spalletta, G., Spaniel, F., Lawrie, S.M., Stern, E.R., Stewart, S.E., Takayanagi, Y., Temmingh, H.S., Tolin, D.F., Tomecek, D., Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, D., Tosetti, M., Uhlmann, A., Van Amelsvoort, T., Van Der Wee, N.J.A., Van Der Werff, S.J.A., Van Haren, N.E.M., Van Wingen, G.A., Vance, A., Vázquez-Bourgon, J., Vecchio, D., Venkatasubramanian, G., Vieta, E., Vilarroya, O., Vives-Gilabert, Y., Voineskos, A.N., Völzke, H., Von Polier, G.G., Walton, E., Weickert, T.W., Weickert, C.S., Weideman, A.S., Wittfeld, K., Wolf, D.H., Wu, M.-J., Yang, T.T., Yang, K., Yoncheva, Y., Yun, J.-Y., Cheng, Y., Zanetti, M.V., Ziegler, G.C., Franke, B., Hoogman, M., Buitelaar, J.K., Van Rooij, D., Andreassen, O.A., Ching, C.R.K., Veltman, D.J., Schmaal, L., Stein, D.J., Van Den Heuvel, O.A., Turner, J.A., Van Erp, T.G.M., Pausova, Z., Thompson, P.M., and Paus, T.

Abstract

Importance Large-scale neuroimaging studies have revealed group differences in cortical thickness across many psychiatric disorders. The underlying neurobiology behind these differences is not well understood. Objective To determine neurobiologic correlates of group differences in cortical thickness between cases and controls in 6 disorders: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and schizophrenia. Design, Setting, and Participants Profiles of group differences in cortical thickness between cases and controls were generated using T1-weighted magnetic resonance images. Similarity between interregional profiles of cell-specific gene expression and those in the group differences in cortical thickness were investigated in each disorder. Next, principal component analysis was used to reveal a shared profile of group difference in thickness across the disorders. Analysis for gene coexpression, clustering, and enrichment for genes associated with these disorders were conducted. Data analysis was conducted between June and December 2019. The analysis included 145 cohorts across 6 psychiatric disorders drawn from the ENIGMA consortium. The numbers of cases and controls in each of the 6 disorders were as follows: ADHD: 1814 and 1602; ASD: 1748 and 1770; BD: 1547 and 3405; MDD: 2658 and 3572; OCD: 2266 and 2007; and schizophrenia: 2688 and 3244. Main Outcomes and Measures Interregional profiles of group difference in cortical thickness between cases and controls. Results A total of 12 721 cases and 15 600 controls, ranging from ages 2 to 89 years, were included in this study. Interregional profiles of group differences in cortical thickness for each of the 6 psychiatric disorders were associated with profiles of gene expression specific to pyramidal (CA1) cells, astrocytes (except for BD), and microglia (exce

Published
2021
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31. Brain structural correlates of alexithymia in patients with major depressive disorder

Author

Förster, K. (Katharina), Enneking, V. (Verena), Dohm, K. (Katharina), Redlich, R. (Ronny), Meinert, S. (Susanne), Geisler, A.I. (Adina), Leehr, E.J. (Elisabeth), Kugel, H. (Harald), Baune, B.T. (Bernhard), Arolt, V. (Volker), Zwitserlood, P. (Pienie), Grotegerd, D. (Dominik), Dannlowski, U. (Udo), and Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Münster

Subjects
Medicine and health, ddc:610, behavioral disciplines and activities
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Alexithymia is a risk factor for major depressive disorder (MDD) and has been associated with diminished treatment response. Neuroimaging studies have revealed structural aberrations of the anterior cingulate cortex and the fusiform gyrus in healthy controls with high levels of alexithymia. The present study tried to corroborate and extend these results to patients with MDD compared with healthy controls. METHODS: We investigated the relationship between alexithymia, depression and grey matter volume in 63 patients with MDD (mean age ± standard deviation = 42.43 yr ± 11.91; 33 female) and 46 healthy controls (45.35 yr ± 8.37; 22 female). We assessed alexithymia using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale. We conducted an alexithymia × group analysis of covariance; we used a region-of-interest approach, including the fusiform gyrus and anterior cingulate cortex, and conducted whole brain analysis using voxelbased morphometry. RESULTS: Our analysis revealed a significant alexithymia × group interaction in the fusiform gyrus (left, pFWE = 0.031; right, pFWE = 0.010). Higher alexithymia scores were associated with decreased grey matter volume in patients with MDD (pFWE = 0.009), but with increased grey matter volume of the fusiform gyrus in healthy controls (pFWE = 0.044). We found no significant main effects in the region-of-interest analysis. LIMITATIONS: Owing to the naturalistic nature of our study, patients with MDD and healthy controls differed significantly in their alexithymia scores. CONCLUSION: Our results showed the fusiform gyrus as a correlate of alexithymia. We also found differences related to alexithymia between patients with MDD and healthy controls in the fusiform gyrus. Our study encourages research related to the transition from risk to MDD in people with alexithymia.

Published
2020

32. Genome wide association study of circulating interleukin 6 levels identifies novel loci

Author

Ahluwalia, T.S., Armstrong, N.J., Aslibekyan, S., Beekman, M., Cheng, Y., deGeus, E., Delgado, G.E., Marek, D., Kanoni, S., Nolte, I.M., Porcu, E., Seppälä, I., Standl, M., Teumer, A., Thalamuthu, A., Trompet, S., Benjamin, E.J., Feitosa, M.F., Homuth, G., Lahti, J., Liu, Y., Timpson, N.J., Visvikis-Siest, S., Völker, U., Baune, B.T., Boomsma, D., Deary, I.J., Evans, D.M., Ferreira, M.A., Gaunt, T., Gudnason, V., Hamsten, A., Humphries, S.E., Koeing, W., Kumari, M., Lawlor, D.A., Nauck, M., Price, J.F., Sørensen, T.I.A., Stacey, D., Stathopoulou, M.G., Tanaka, T., Wannamethee, S.G., Rotter, J.I., Dehghan, A., Boerwinkle, E., Sneider, H., Psaty, B.M., Prins, B.P., Alizadeh, B.Z., Ahluwalia, T.S., Armstrong, N.J., Aslibekyan, S., Beekman, M., Cheng, Y., deGeus, E., Delgado, G.E., Marek, D., Kanoni, S., Nolte, I.M., Porcu, E., Seppälä, I., Standl, M., Teumer, A., Thalamuthu, A., Trompet, S., Benjamin, E.J., Feitosa, M.F., Homuth, G., Lahti, J., Liu, Y., Timpson, N.J., Visvikis-Siest, S., Völker, U., Baune, B.T., Boomsma, D., Deary, I.J., Evans, D.M., Ferreira, M.A., Gaunt, T., Gudnason, V., Hamsten, A., Humphries, S.E., Koeing, W., Kumari, M., Lawlor, D.A., Nauck, M., Price, J.F., Sørensen, T.I.A., Stacey, D., Stathopoulou, M.G., Tanaka, T., Wannamethee, S.G., Rotter, J.I., Dehghan, A., Boerwinkle, E., Sneider, H., Psaty, B.M., Prins, B.P., and Alizadeh, B.Z.

Abstract

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine with both pro and anti-inflammatory properties, synthesized by a wide range of tissues and cell types. Increased levels of circulating IL-6 in blood is associated with the pathophysiology of complex disorders like type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases. Albeit, IL-6 levels are heritable with estimates up to 61%, only a few common genetic loci associated with circulating IL-6 levels have been identified. We therefore conducted a two stage (discovery and replication) meta genome-wide association study (GWAS) of circulating serum IL-6 concentrations comprising up to 67,428 individuals of european ancestry. About 2.5 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were available for testing after imputation to Hap Map 2 reference panel. We conducted an inverse variance based fixed effects meta-analysis. We identified three IL-6 associated, independent signals on chromosomes (chr) 2q14, 6p21 and 1q21, reaching genome-wide significance (p < 5.0 × 10−8) in the combined meta-analyses. Among the identified loci IL1F10/IL1RN (chr 2q14, p = 1.8 × 10−11), and HLA-DRB1/DRB5 (chr 6p21, p =1.5 × 10−10) were novel while IL6R (chr 1q21, p = 1.2 × 10−122) was a known locus. Our study identifies 2 novel loci for circulating IL-6 levels uncovering new immunological and inflammatory pathways that may influence IL-6 pathobiology.

Published
2020

33. ENIGMA and global neuroscience: A decade of large-scale studies of the brain in health and disease across more than 40 countries.

Author

Thompson, P.M., Jahanshad, N., Ching, C.R.K., Salminen, L.E., Thomopoulos, S.I., Bright, J., Baune, B.T., Bralten, J.B., Klein, M., Kovel, C.G.F. de, Fisher, S.E., Francks, C., Kong, Xiang-Zhen, Buitelaar, J.K., Franke, B., Rooij, D. van, Zarei, M., Zelman, V., Thompson, P.M., Jahanshad, N., Ching, C.R.K., Salminen, L.E., Thomopoulos, S.I., Bright, J., Baune, B.T., Bralten, J.B., Klein, M., Kovel, C.G.F. de, Fisher, S.E., Francks, C., Kong, Xiang-Zhen, Buitelaar, J.K., Franke, B., Rooij, D. van, Zarei, M., and Zelman, V.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 217714.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)

Published
2020

34. Five insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author

Murray, C.J.L., Abbafati, C., Abbas, K.M., Abbasi, M., Abbasi-Kangevari, M., Abd-Allah, F., Abdollahi, M., Abedi, P., Abedi, A., Abolhassani, H., Aboyans, V., Abreu, L.G., Abrigo, M.R.M., Abu-Gharbieh, E., Abu Haimed, A.K., Abushouk, A.I., Acebedo, A., Ackerman, I.N., Adabi, M., Adamu, A.A., Adebayo, O.M., Adelson, J.D., Adetokunboh, O.O., Afarideh, M., Afshin, A., Agarwal, G., Agrawal, A., Ahmad, T., Ahmadi, K., Ahmadi, M., Ahmed, M.B., Aji, B., Akinyemiju, T., Akombi, B., Alahdab, F., Alam, K., Alanezi, F.M., Alanzi, T.M., Albertson, S.B., Alemu, B.W., Alemu, Y.M., Alhabib, K.F., Ali, M., Ali, S., Alicandro, G., Alipour, V., Alizade, H., Aljunid, S.M., Alla, F., Allebeck, P., Almadi, M.A.H., Almasi-Hashiani, A., Al-Mekhlafi, H.M., Almulhim, A.M., Alonso, J., Al-Raddadi, R.M., Altirkawi, K.A., Alvis-Guzman, N., Amare, B., Amare, A.T, Amini, S., Amit, A.M.L., Amugsi, D.A., Anbesu, E.W., Ancuceanu, R., Anderlini, D., Anderson, J.A., Andrei, T., Andrei, C.L., Anjomshoa, M., Ansari, F., Ansari-Moghaddam, A., Antonio, C.A.T., Antony, C.M., Anvari, D., Appiah, S.C.Y., Arabloo, J., Arab-Zozani, M., Aravkin, A.Y., Arba, A.A.K., Aripov, T., Ärnlöv, J., Arowosegbe, O.O., Asaad, M., Asadi-Aliabadi, M., Asadi-Pooya, A.A., Ashbaugh, C., Assmus, M., Atout, M.M.W., Ausloos, M., Ausloos, F., Ayala Quintanilla, B.P., Ayano, G., Ayanore, M.A., Azari, S., Azene, Z.N., Babaee, E., Badawi, A., Badiye, A.D., Bagherzadeh, M., Bairwa, M., Bakhtiari, A., Bakkannavar, S.M., Balachandran, A., Banach, M., Banerjee, S.K., Banik, P.C., Baraki, A.G., Barker-Collo, S.L., Basaleem, H., Basu, S., Baune, B.T., Bayati, M., Baye, B.A., Bedi, N., Beghi, E., Bell, M.L., Bensenor, I.M., Berhe, K., Berman, A.E., Bhagavathula, A.S., Bhala, N., Bhardwaj, P., Bhattacharyya, K., Bhattarai, S., Bhutta, Z.A., Bijani, A., Bikbov, B., Biondi, A., Bisignano, C., Biswas, R.K., Bjørge, T., Bohlouli, S., Bohluli, M., Bolla, S.R.R., Boloor, A., Bose, D., Boufous, S., Brady, O.J., Braithwaite, D., Brauer, M., Breitborde, N.J.K, Brenner, H., Breusov, A.V., Briant, P.S., Briggs, A.M., Britton, G.B., Brugha, T., Burugina Nagaraja, S., Busse, R., Butt, Z.A., Caetano dos Santos, F.L., Cámera, L.L.A., Campos-Nonato, I.R., Campuzano Rincon, J.C., Car, J., Cárdenas, R., Carreras, G., Carrero, J. J., Carvalho, F., Castaldelli-Maia, J.M., Castelpietra, G., Castro, F., Catalá-López, F., Causey, K., Cederroth, C.R., Cercy, K.M., Cerin, E., Chandan, J.S., Chang, J-C, Charan, J., Charlson, F. J., Chattu, V.K., Chaturvedi, S., Cherbuin, N., Chin, K.L., Chirinos-Caceres, J.L., Cho, D.Y., Choi, J-Y.J., Chu, D-T, Chung, S-C, Chung, M.T., Cicuttini, F.M., Cirillo, M., Cislaghi, B., Cohen, A.J., Compton, K., Corso, B., Cortesi, P.A., Costa, V.M., Cousin, E., Cowden, R.G., Cross, M., Crowe, C.S., Cummins, S., Dai, H., Damiani, G., Dandona, L., Dandona, R., Daneshpajouhnejad, P., Darwesh, A.M., Das, J.K., Das Gupta, R., das Neves, J., Davey, G., Dávila-Cervantes, C.A., Davis, A.C., De Leo, D., Denova-Gutiérrez, E., Deribe, K., Dervenis, N., Desai, R., Deuba, K., Dhungana, G.P., Dianatinasab, M., Diaz, D., Dichgans, M., Didarloo, A., Dippenaar, I.N., Dokova, K., Dolecek, C., Dorostkar, F., Doshi, P.P., Doshi, C.P., Doshmangir, L., Doxey, M.C., Driscoll, T.R., Duncan, B.B., Eagan, A.W., Ebrahimi, H., Ebrahimi Kalan, M., Edvardsson, D., Ehrlich, J.R., Elbarazi, I., Elgendy, I.Y., El-Jaafary, S.I., El Sayed Zaki, M., Elsharkawy, A., El Tantawi, M., Elyazar, I.R.F., Emamian, M.H., Eshrati, B., Eskandarieh, S., Esteghamati, A., Esteghamati, S., Fanzo, J., Faro, A., Farzadfar, F., Fattahi, N., Feigin, V.L, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Fernandes, E., Ferrara, P., Ferrari, A.J., Filip, I., Fischer, F., Fisher, J.L., Fitzgerald, R., Foigt, N.A., Folayan, M.O., Fomenkov, A.A., Foroutan, M., Franklin, R.C., Freitas, M., Fukumoto, T., Furtado, J.M., Gad, M.M., Gaidhane, A.M., Gakidou, E., Gallus, S., Gardner, W.M., Geberemariyam, B.S., Gebremedhin, K.B., Gebremeskel, L.G., Gebresillassie, B.M., Geramo, Y.C.D., Gesesew, H.A., Gething, P.W., Gezae, K.E., Ghadiri, K., Ghaffarifar, F., Ghafourifard, M., Ghamari, F., Ghashghaee, A., Gholamian, A., Giampaoli, S., Gill, P.S., Gillum, R.F., Ginawi, I.A., Giussani, G., Gnedovskaya, E.V., Godinho, M.A., Golechha, M., Gona, P.N., Gopalani, S.V., Gorini, G., Goulart, B.N.G., Goulart, A.C., Grada, A., Greaves, F., Gudi, N., Guimarães, R.A., Guo, Y., Gupta, S.S., Gupta, R., Haagsma, J.A., Hachinski, V., Hafezi-Nejad, N., Haile, L.M., Haj-Mirzaian, A., Hall, B. J., Hamadeh, R.R., Hamidi, S., Han, C., Hankey, G.J., Haro, J.M., Hasaballah, A.I., Hashi, A., Hassan, A., Hassanipour, S., Hassankhani, H., Havmoeller, R. J., Hay, S.I., Hayat, K., Henok, A., Henry, N.J., Herteliu, C., Heydarpour, F., Ho, H.C., Hole, M.K., Holla, R., Hoogar, P., Hopf, K.P., Hosgood, H.D., Hossain, N., Hosseinzadeh, M., Hostiuc, M., Hostiuc, S., Househ, M., Hoy, D.G., Hu, G., Huda, T.M., Hugo, F.N., Humayun, A., Hussain, R., Hwang, B-F, Iavicoli, I., Ibeneme, C.U., Ibitoye, S.E., Ikuta, K.S., Ilesanmi, O.S., Ilic, I.M., Ilic, M.D., Inbaraj, L.R., Iqbal, U., Irvani, S.S.N., Islam, M.M., Islam, S.M.S., Iso, H., Iwu, C.C.D., Jaafari, J., Jahagirdar, D., Jahani, M.A., Jakovljevic, M., Jalali, A., Jalilian, F., Janodia, M.D., Javaheri, T., Jenabi, E., Jha, R.P., Jha, V., Ji, J.S., Johnson, C.O., Jonas, J.B., Jürisson, M., Kabir, A., Kabir, Z., Kalani, R., Kalankesh, L.R., Kalhor, R., Kanchan, T., Kapoor, N., Karami Matin, B., Karch, A., Karim, M.A., Karimi, S.E., Kasa, A.S., Kassebaum, N. J., Kayode, G.A., Kazemi Karyani, A., Keiyoro, P., Khalid, N., Khammarnia, M., Khan, M., Khan, E.A., Khan, G., Khatab, K., Khater, M.M., Khatib, M.N., Khazaie, H., Khoja, A.T., Khubchandani, J., Kianipour, N., Kieling, C., Kim, Y-E, Kim, Y.J., Kimokoti, R.W., Kinfu, Y., Kisa, S., Kisa, A., Kissoon, N., Kivimäki, M., Kneib, C.J., Knight, M., Koh, D.S.Q., Komaki, H., Kopec, J.A., Kosen, S., Kotlo, A., Koul, P.A., Koyanagi, A., Krishan, K., Krohn, K.J., KS, S., Kumar, G.A., Kumar, N., Kumar, M., Kurmi, O.P., Kusuma, D., Kyu, H.H., Lacey, B., Lal, D.K., Lalloo, R., Lallukka, T., Lan, Q., Landires, I., Larson, H.J., Lasrado, S., Lau, K.M-M, Lauriola, P., La Vecchia, C., Leal, L.F., Leasher, J.L., Ledesma, J.R., Lee, P.H., Lee, S.W.H., Leonardi, M., Leung, J., Li, B., Li, S., Lim, L-L, Lin, R-T, Listl, S., Liu, X., Liu, Y., Logroscino, G., Lopez, J.C.F., Lorkowski, S., Lozano, R., Lu, A., Lugo, A., Lunevicius, R., Lyons, R.A., Ma, J., Machado, D.B., Maddison, E.R., Mahasha, P.W., Mahmoudi, M., Majeed, A., Maled, V., Maleki, S., Maleki, A., Malekzadeh, R., Malta, D.C., Mamun, A.A., Manguerra, H., Mansouri, B., Mansournia, M.A., Mantilla Herrera, A.M., Martini, S., Martins-Melo, F.R., Martopullo, I., Masoumi, S.Z., Massenburg, B.B., Mathur, M.R., Maulik, P.K., Mazidi, M., McAlinden, C., McGrath, J.J., McKee, M., Mehndiratta, M.M., Mehri, F., Mehta, K.M., Melese, A., Memish, Z.A., Mendoza, W., Menezes, R.G., Mengesha, E.W., Meretoja, T.J., Meretoja, A., Mestrovic, T., Miazgowski, B., Michalek, I.M., Milne, G.J., Miri, M., Mirica, A., Mirrakhimov, E.M., Mirzaei, H., Mirzaei, M., Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M., Misganaw, A.T., Moazen, B., Moghadaszadeh, M., Mohajer, B., Mohamad, O., Mohammad, Y., Mohammad, D.K., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N., Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A., Mohammed, S., Mohebi, F., Mokdad, A.H., Molokhia, M., Monasta, L., Mooney, M.D., Moradi, M., Moradi, G., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Moradzadeh, R., Moraga, P., Morawska, L., Morgado-da-Costa, J., Morrison, S.D., Mosapour, A., Mosser, J.F., Mousavi, S.M., Mousavi Khaneghah, A., Mueller, U.O., Mullany, E.C., Musa, K.I., Naderi, M., Nagarajan, A.J., Naghavi, M., Naghshtabrizi, B., Naimzada, M.D., Najafi, F., Naldi, L., Nayak, V.C., Nazari, J., Ndejjo, R., Negoi, I., Negoi, R.I., Netsere, H.B.N., Nguefack-Tsague, G., Ngunjiri, J.W., Nguyen, D.N., Nguyen, H.L.T., Nichols, E., Nigatu, Y.T., Nikbakhsh, R., Nixon, M.R., Nnaji, C.A., Nomura, S., Noubiap, J.J., Nowak, C., Nsoesie, E.O., Nunez-Samudio, V., Ogbo, F.A., Oghenetega, O.B., Okunga, E.W., Oladnabi, M., Olagunju, A.T., Olusanya, J.O., Olusanya, B.O., Omar Bali, A., Omer, M.O., Ong, S., Ong, K.L., Onwujekwe, O.E., Oren, E., Ortiz, A., Ostroff, S.M., Oţoiu, A., Otstavnov, N., Otstavnov, S.S., Øverland, S., Owolabi, M.O., Mahesh, P.A., Padubidri, J., Pakhale, S., Pakshir, K., Palladino, R., Pana, A., Panda-Jonas, S., Parmar, P.G.K., Pathak, M., Patton, G.C., Pazoki Toroudi, H., Peden, A.E., Pepito, V.C.F., Peprah, E.K., Pereira, D.M., Pereira, A., Pereira, J., Perico, N., Pescarini, J.M., Pham, H.Q., Phillips, M.R., Piccinelli, C., Pilz, T.M., Pinheiro, M., Piradov, M.A., Pirsaheb, M., Pishgar, F., Pond, C.D., Postma, M.J., Pottoo, F.H., Pourjafar, H., Pourmalek, F., Prada, S.I., Prasad, N., Pribadi, D.R.A., Pupillo, E., Quazi Syed, Z., Rabiee, N., Rabiee, M., Radfar, A., Rafiee, A., Raggi, A., Rahman, M.H.U., Rahman, M.A., Ramezanzadeh, K., Ranabhat, C.L., Ranta, A., Rao, S.J., Rao, P.C., Rasella, D., Rashedi, V., Rastogi, P., Rawaf, S., Rawaf, D.L., Rawal, L., Rawassizadeh, R., Rawat, R., Razo, C., Regassa, L.D., Reitsma, M.B., Remuzzi, G., Renjith, V., Renzaho, A.M.N., Resnikoff, S., Rezaei, N., Rezai, M.S., Rezapour, A., Rhinehart, P-A, Riahi, S.M., Ribeiro, A.L.P., Ribeiro, D.C., Rickard, J., Roever, L., Romoli, M., Ronfani, L., Roshandel, G., Rubagotti, E., Rumisha, S.F., Rwegerera, G.M., Saadatagah, S., Sabour, S., Sachdev, P.S., Saddik, B., Sadeghi, M., Sadeghi, E., Saeedi Moghaddam, S., Sahebkar, A., Sahraian, M.A., Sajadi, S.M., Salem, M.R.R., Salem, H., Salimzadeh, H., Salomon, J.A., Salz, I., Samad, Z., Samadi Kafil, H., Samy, A.M., Sanabria, J., Santomauro, D.F., Santric-Milicevic, M.M., Saraswathy, S.Y.I., Sarrafzadegan, N., Sartorius, B., Sarveazad, A., Sathian, B., Sathish, T., Sattin, D., Schaeffer, L.E, Schiavolin, S., Schmidt, M.I., Schutte, A.E., Schwebel, D.C., Schwendicke, F., Sepanlou, S.G., Sha, F., Shafaat, O., Shahabi, S., Shaheen, A.A., Shaikh, M.A., Shams-Beyranvand, M., Shamsizadeh, M., Sharafi, K., Sharara, F., Sheikh, A., Shetty, B.S.K., Shibuya, K., Shigematsu, M., Shin, M-J, Shin, J.I., Shiri, R., Shivakumar, K.M., Shrime, M.G., Shuval, K., Sigfusdottir, I.D., Sigurvinsdottir, R., Silva, D.A.S., Silva, J.P., Simonetti, B., Singh, J.A., Singh, P., Singh, A., Sinha, D.N., Skryabin, V.Y., Sliwa, K., Smith, E.U.R., Soheili, A., Soltani, S., Somefun, O.D., Sorensen, R.J.D, Soriano, J.B., Sorrie, M.B., Soyiri, I.N., Sreeramareddy, C.T., Sripada, K., Stanaway, J.D., Ştefan, S.C., Stein, D.J., Steiner, C., Stokes, M.A., Stranges, S., Suchdev, P.S., Sudaryanto, A., Sufiyan, M.B., Suliankatchi Abdulkader, R., Sulo, G., Swope, C.B., Sylte, D.O., Tabarés-Seisdedos, R., Tabuchi, T., Tadakamadla, S.K., Taddele, B.W., Taherkhani, A., Tahir, Z., Tamiru, A.T., Tang, M., Tareque, M.I., Tefera, Y.G.G., Tela, F.G.G., Temsah, M-H, Terrason, S., Thakur, B., Thankappan, K.R., Thapar, R., Thomas, N., Titova, M.V., Tlou, B., Tonelli, M., Topor-Madry, R., Torre, A.E., Touvier, M., Tovani-Palone, M.R., Tran, B.X., Travillian, R., Uddin, R., Ullah, I., Unnikrishnan, B., Upadhyay, E., Vacante, M., Vaicekonyte, R., Valdez, P.R., Valli, A., Vasankari, T.J., Vasseghian, Y., Venketasubramanian, N., Vidale, S., Violante, F.S., Vlassov, V., Vollset, S.E., Vongpradith, A., Vu, G.T., W/hawariat, F.G., Waheed, Y., Wamai, R.G., Wang, F., Wang, H., Wang, J., Wang, Y., Wang, Y-P, Watson, A., Wei, J., Weintraub, R.G., Weiss, J., Welay, F.T., Werdecker, A., Westerman, R., Whiteford, H.A., Wiangkham, T., Wickramasinghe, N.D., Wilner, L.B., Wojtyniak, B., Wolfe, C.D.A., Wondmeneh, T.G., Wu, A-M, Wu, C., Wulf Hanson, S., Wunrow, H.Y., Xie, Y., Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S.H., Yamagishi, K., Yaya, S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V., Yearwood, J.A., Yeheyis, T.Y., Yeshitila, Y.Gi., Yip, P., Yonemoto, N., Yoon, S-J, Younis, M.Z., Younker, T.P., Yousefinezhadi, T., Yu, C., Yu, Y., Yuce, D., Yusefzadeh, H., Zaidi, S.S., Zaman, S.B., Zamanian, M., Zangeneh, A., Zarafshan, H., Zastrozhin, M.S., Zewdie, K.A., Zhang, Z-J, Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., Zhao, X-J.G., Zhao, Y., Zheleva, B., Zheng, P., Zhu, C., Ziapour, A., Zimsen, S.R.M., Lopez, A.D., Vos, T., Lim, S.S., Murray, C.J.L., Abbafati, C., Abbas, K.M., Abbasi, M., Abbasi-Kangevari, M., Abd-Allah, F., Abdollahi, M., Abedi, P., Abedi, A., Abolhassani, H., Aboyans, V., Abreu, L.G., Abrigo, M.R.M., Abu-Gharbieh, E., Abu Haimed, A.K., Abushouk, A.I., Acebedo, A., Ackerman, I.N., Adabi, M., Adamu, A.A., Adebayo, O.M., Adelson, J.D., Adetokunboh, O.O., Afarideh, M., Afshin, A., Agarwal, G., Agrawal, A., Ahmad, T., Ahmadi, K., Ahmadi, M., Ahmed, M.B., Aji, B., Akinyemiju, T., Akombi, B., Alahdab, F., Alam, K., Alanezi, F.M., Alanzi, T.M., Albertson, S.B., Alemu, B.W., Alemu, Y.M., Alhabib, K.F., Ali, M., Ali, S., Alicandro, G., Alipour, V., Alizade, H., Aljunid, S.M., Alla, F., Allebeck, P., Almadi, M.A.H., Almasi-Hashiani, A., Al-Mekhlafi, H.M., Almulhim, A.M., Alonso, J., Al-Raddadi, R.M., Altirkawi, K.A., Alvis-Guzman, N., Amare, B., Amare, A.T, Amini, S., Amit, A.M.L., Amugsi, D.A., Anbesu, E.W., Ancuceanu, R., Anderlini, D., Anderson, J.A., Andrei, T., Andrei, C.L., Anjomshoa, M., Ansari, F., Ansari-Moghaddam, A., Antonio, C.A.T., Antony, C.M., Anvari, D., Appiah, S.C.Y., Arabloo, J., Arab-Zozani, M., Aravkin, A.Y., Arba, A.A.K., Aripov, T., Ärnlöv, J., Arowosegbe, O.O., Asaad, M., Asadi-Aliabadi, M., Asadi-Pooya, A.A., Ashbaugh, C., Assmus, M., Atout, M.M.W., Ausloos, M., Ausloos, F., Ayala Quintanilla, B.P., Ayano, G., Ayanore, M.A., Azari, S., Azene, Z.N., Babaee, E., Badawi, A., Badiye, A.D., Bagherzadeh, M., Bairwa, M., Bakhtiari, A., Bakkannavar, S.M., Balachandran, A., Banach, M., Banerjee, S.K., Banik, P.C., Baraki, A.G., Barker-Collo, S.L., Basaleem, H., Basu, S., Baune, B.T., Bayati, M., Baye, B.A., Bedi, N., Beghi, E., Bell, M.L., Bensenor, I.M., Berhe, K., Berman, A.E., Bhagavathula, A.S., Bhala, N., Bhardwaj, P., Bhattacharyya, K., Bhattarai, S., Bhutta, Z.A., Bijani, A., Bikbov, B., Biondi, A., Bisignano, C., Biswas, R.K., Bjørge, T., Bohlouli, S., Bohluli, M., Bolla, S.R.R., Boloor, A., Bose, D., Boufous, S., Brady, O.J., Braithwaite, D., Brauer, M., Breitborde, N.J.K, Brenner, H., Breusov, A.V., Briant, P.S., Briggs, A.M., Britton, G.B., Brugha, T., Burugina Nagaraja, S., Busse, R., Butt, Z.A., Caetano dos Santos, F.L., Cámera, L.L.A., Campos-Nonato, I.R., Campuzano Rincon, J.C., Car, J., Cárdenas, R., Carreras, G., Carrero, J. J., Carvalho, F., Castaldelli-Maia, J.M., Castelpietra, G., Castro, F., Catalá-López, F., Causey, K., Cederroth, C.R., Cercy, K.M., Cerin, E., Chandan, J.S., Chang, J-C, Charan, J., Charlson, F. J., Chattu, V.K., Chaturvedi, S., Cherbuin, N., Chin, K.L., Chirinos-Caceres, J.L., Cho, D.Y., Choi, J-Y.J., Chu, D-T, Chung, S-C, Chung, M.T., Cicuttini, F.M., Cirillo, M., Cislaghi, B., Cohen, A.J., Compton, K., Corso, B., Cortesi, P.A., Costa, V.M., Cousin, E., Cowden, R.G., Cross, M., Crowe, C.S., Cummins, S., Dai, H., Damiani, G., Dandona, L., Dandona, R., Daneshpajouhnejad, P., Darwesh, A.M., Das, J.K., Das Gupta, R., das Neves, J., Davey, G., Dávila-Cervantes, C.A., Davis, A.C., De Leo, D., Denova-Gutiérrez, E., Deribe, K., Dervenis, N., Desai, R., Deuba, K., Dhungana, G.P., Dianatinasab, M., Diaz, D., Dichgans, M., Didarloo, A., Dippenaar, I.N., Dokova, K., Dolecek, C., Dorostkar, F., Doshi, P.P., Doshi, C.P., Doshmangir, L., Doxey, M.C., Driscoll, T.R., Duncan, B.B., Eagan, A.W., Ebrahimi, H., Ebrahimi Kalan, M., Edvardsson, D., Ehrlich, J.R., Elbarazi, I., Elgendy, I.Y., El-Jaafary, S.I., El Sayed Zaki, M., Elsharkawy, A., El Tantawi, M., Elyazar, I.R.F., Emamian, M.H., Eshrati, B., Eskandarieh, S., Esteghamati, A., Esteghamati, S., Fanzo, J., Faro, A., Farzadfar, F., Fattahi, N., Feigin, V.L, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Fernandes, E., Ferrara, P., Ferrari, A.J., Filip, I., Fischer, F., Fisher, J.L., Fitzgerald, R., Foigt, N.A., Folayan, M.O., Fomenkov, A.A., Foroutan, M., Franklin, R.C., Freitas, M., Fukumoto, T., Furtado, J.M., Gad, M.M., Gaidhane, A.M., Gakidou, E., Gallus, S., Gardner, W.M., Geberemariyam, B.S., Gebremedhin, K.B., Gebremeskel, L.G., Gebresillassie, B.M., Geramo, Y.C.D., Gesesew, H.A., Gething, P.W., Gezae, K.E., Ghadiri, K., Ghaffarifar, F., Ghafourifard, M., Ghamari, F., Ghashghaee, A., Gholamian, A., Giampaoli, S., Gill, P.S., Gillum, R.F., Ginawi, I.A., Giussani, G., Gnedovskaya, E.V., Godinho, M.A., Golechha, M., Gona, P.N., Gopalani, S.V., Gorini, G., Goulart, B.N.G., Goulart, A.C., Grada, A., Greaves, F., Gudi, N., Guimarães, R.A., Guo, Y., Gupta, S.S., Gupta, R., Haagsma, J.A., Hachinski, V., Hafezi-Nejad, N., Haile, L.M., Haj-Mirzaian, A., Hall, B. J., Hamadeh, R.R., Hamidi, S., Han, C., Hankey, G.J., Haro, J.M., Hasaballah, A.I., Hashi, A., Hassan, A., Hassanipour, S., Hassankhani, H., Havmoeller, R. 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Abstract

The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a rules-based synthesis of the available evidence on levels and trends in health outcomes, a diverse set of risk factors, and health system responses. GBD 2019 covered 204 countries and territories, as well as first administrative level disaggregations for 22 countries, from 1990 to 2019. Because GBD is highly standardised and comprehensive, spanning both fatal and non-fatal outcomes, and uses a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of hierarchical disease and injury causes, the study provides a powerful basis for detailed and broad insights on global health trends and emerging challenges. GBD 2019 incorporates data from 281 586 sources and provides more than 3·5 billion estimates of health outcome and health system measures of interest for global, national, and subnational policy dialogue. All GBD estimates are publicly available and adhere to the Guidelines on Accurate and Transparent Health Estimate Reporting. From this vast amount of information, five key insights that are important for health, social, and economic development strategies have been distilled. These insights are subject to the many limitations outlined in each of the component GBD capstone papers.

Published
2020

35. Five insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

Author

Hamadeh R.R., Soyiri I.N., Sreeramareddy C.T., Srinivasan V., Sripada K., Stovner L.J., Stockfelt L., Sultan I., Swope C.B., Vaicekonyte R., Sykes B.L., Szumowski L., Tabb K.M., Tabuchi T., Taddele B.W., Tahir Z., Tareque M.I., Tarigan I.U., Taveira N., Thankappan K.R., Thomas N., Varughese S., Touvier M., Tran B.X., Tsatsakis A., Vardavas C., Ullah I., Umeokonkwo C.D., Undurraga E.A., Upadhyay E., Vasankari T.J., Vasconcelos A.N., Veisani Y., Vidale S., Waheed Y., Wei J., Wang F., Zhao X.G., Wang Y., Yu C., Zhang Z., Wang H., Weiss J., Wiangkham T., Wickramasinghe N.D., Wu A., Xie Y., Xu G., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S., Yilgwan C.S., Yonemoto N., Younis M.Z., Younker T.P., Yu Y., Zaidi S., Zhang J., Zhang Y., Zheleva B., Zhu C., Abbafati C., Machado D.B., Cislaghi B., Salman O.M., Karanikolos M., McKee M., Abbas K.M., Brady O.J., Larson H.J., Trias-Llimos S., Cummins S., Langan S.M., Sartorius B., Hafiz A., Jenabi E., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji N., Borzouei S., Azarian G., Khazaei S., Abbasi M., Asghari B., Masoumi S., Komaki H., Taherkhani A., Adabi M., Abbasifard M., Bazmandegan G., Kamiab Z., Vakilian A., Anjomshoa M., Mokari A., Sabour S., Shahbaz M., Saeedi R., Ahmadieh H., Yousefinezhadi T., Haj-Mirzaian A., Nikbakhsh R., Safi S., Asgari S., Irvani S.N., Jahanmehr N., Ramezanzadeh K., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Khayamzadeh M., Abbastabar H., Shirkoohi R., Fazlzadeh M., Janjani H., Hosseini M., Mansournia M., Tohidinik H., Bakhtiari A., Fazaeli A., Mousavi S., Hasanzadeh A., Nabavizadeh B., Malekzadeh R., Hashemian M., Pourshams A., Salimzadeh H., Sepanlou S.G., Afarideh M., Esteghamati A., Esteghamati S., Ghajar A., Heidari B., Rezaei N., Mohamadi E., Rahimi-Movaghar A., Rahim F., Eskandarieh S., Sahraian M., Mohebi F., Aminorroaya A., Ebrahimi H., Farzadfar F., Mohajer B., Pishgar F., Saeedi Moghaddam S., Shabani M., Zarafshan H., Abolhassani H., Hafezi-Nejad N., Heidari-Soureshjani R., Abdollahi M., Farahmand M., Salamati P., Mehrabi Nasab E., Tajdini M., Aghamir S., 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L., Takahashi K., Linehan C., Linn S., Shuval K., Listl S., Zhou M., Liu S., Logroscino G., Looker K.J., Lorkowski S., Lunevicius R., Lyons R.A., Madotto F., Magdy Abd El Razek H., Magdy Abd El Razek M., Mahmoudi M., Maled V., Moradi G., Maleki A., Manafi A., Mapoma C., Martini S., Martins-Melo F.R., Masaka A., McAlinden C., Momen N.C., Plana-Ripoll O., Medina-Solis C.E., Meharie B., Mehndiratta M., Mehrotra R., Suliankatchi Abdulkader R., Mekonnen T., Memiah P.T.N., Wallin M.T., Memish Z.A., Mendoza W., Mestrovic T., Miazgowski T., Miazgowski B., Michalek I., Mini G., Miri M., Mirrakhimov E.M., Mirzaei H., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammadpourhodki R., Sahebkar A., Mohammed H., Sufiyan M.B., Mohseni Bandpei M.A., Monasta L., Ronfani L., Mondello S., Moradi-Joo M., Morawska L., Mousavi Khaneghah A., Westerman R., Werdecker A., Mueller U.O., Mukhopadhyay S., Musa K., Mustafa G., Nagarajan A.J., Nagel G., Rothenbacher D., Naik G., Schwebel D.C., Singh J.A., Naimzada M., Otstavnov N., Otstavnov S.S., Soshnikov S., Titova M.V., Nair S., Naldi L., Nangia V., Nansseu J., Sobngwi E., Nguefack-Tsague G., Ndejjo R., Ngari K.N., Ngunjiri J.W., Nigatu Y.T., Oancea B., Oh I., Okunga E.W., Olusanya J.O., Olusanya B.O., Ong S., Onwujekwe O.E., Ortega-Altamirano D.V., Ortiz A., Soriano J.B., Osarenotor O., Ostojic S.M., Vlassov V., Pa M., Pangaribuan H.U., Park E., Pasupula D., Patel J.R., Patel S.K., Paternina-Caicedo A.J., Pathak M., Pathak A., Patten S.B., Tonelli M., Weintraub R.G., Paudel S., Pepito V.F., Thurston G.D., Peprah E.K., Pereira J., Pescarini J.M., Piccinelli C., Pilgrim T., Plass D., Pokhrel K.N., Prada S.I., Prakash V., Prakash S., Prasad N., Shigematsu M., Pribadi D.R.A., Sudaryanto A., Rabiee M., Radfar A., Ranabhat C.L., Ranta A., Ribeiro D.C., Rao S., Rawaf D.L., Rawal L., Renjith V., Rickard J., Roever L., Romoli M., Rostamian M., Rubagotti E., Rwegerera G.M., Ullah S., Sajadi S., Salam N., Salomon J.A., Salz I., Saraswathy S.Y., Sarmiento-Suarez R., Sathian B., Savic M., Saylan M., Schwendicke F., Sekerija M., Senthilkumaran S., Sha F., Shaheen A.A., Shaikh M.A., Shamsizadeh M., Shannawaz M., Sharma R., Shin J., Shiri R., Sierpinski R., Sigurvinsdottir R., Silva D.A.S., Simonetti B., Singh A., Sinha D.N., Skiadaresi E., Skou S.T., Skryabin V.Y., Zastrozhin M.S., Soheili A., Sokhan A., Somefun O.D., and Korotkova A.V.

Abstract

The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a rules-based synthesis of the available evidence on levels and trends in health outcomes, a diverse set of risk factors, and health system responses. GBD 2019 covered 204 countries and territories, as well as first administrative level disaggregations for 22 countries, from 1990 to 2019. Because GBD is highly standardised and comprehensive, spanning both fatal and non-fatal outcomes, and uses a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of hierarchical disease and injury causes, the study provides a powerful basis for detailed and broad insights on global health trends and emerging challenges. GBD 2019 incorporates data from 281 586 sources and provides more than 3.5 billion estimates of health outcome and health system measures of interest for global, national, and subnational policy dialogue. All GBD estimates are publicly available and adhere to the Guidelines on Accurate and Transparent Health Estimate Reporting. From this vast amount of information, five key insights that are important for health, social, and economic development strategies have been distilled. These insights are subject to the many limitations outlined in each of the component GBD capstone papers.Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd

Published
2020

36. Measuring universal health coverage based on an index of effective coverage of health services in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

Author

Shetty B.S.K., Stein C., Stokes M.A., Sufiyan M.B., Suleria H.A.R., Sultan I., Szumowski L., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tabuchi T., Tadakamadla S.K., Taddele B.W., Tadesse D.B., Taherkhani A., Tamiru A.T., Tanser F.C., Tareque M.I., Tarigan I.U., Teagle W.L., Tediosi F., Tefera Y.G.G., Tela F.G., Tessema Z.T., Thakur B., Titova M.V., Tonelli M., Topor-Madry R., Topouzis F., Tovani-Palone M.R.R., Tran B.X., Travillian R., Troeger C.E., Tudor Car L., Uddin R., Ullah I., Umeokonkwo C.D., Unnikrishnan B., Upadhyay E., Uthman O.A., Vacante M., Valdez P.R., Varughese S., Vasankari T.J., Vasseghian Y., Venketasubramanian N., Violante F.S., Vlassov V., Vollset S.E., Vongpradith A., Vos T., Waheed Y., Walters M.K., Wamai R.G., Wang H., Wang Y.-P., Weintraub R.G., Weiss J., Werdecker A., Westerman R., Wilner L.B., Woldu G., Wolfe C.D.A., Wu A.-M., Wulf Hanson S., Xie Y., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S.H., Yamagishi K., Yano Y., Yaya S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Yearwood J.A., Yeshitila Y.G., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Younis M.Z., Yousefi Z., Yousefinezhadi T., Yusefzadeh H., Zadey S., Zahirian Moghadam T., Zaidi S.S., Zaki L., Zaman S.B., Zamanian M., Zandian H., Zastrozhin M.S., Zewdie K.A., Zhang Y., Zhao X.-J.G., Zhao Y., Zheng P., Zhu C., Ziapour A., Zlavog B.S., Zodpey S., Murray C.J.L., Lozano R., Fullman N., Mumford J.E., Knight M., Barthelemy C.M., Abbafati C., Abbastabar H., Abd-Allah F., Abdollahi M., Abedi A., Abolhassani H., Abosetugn A.E., Abreu L.G., Abrigo M.R.M., Abu Haimed A.K., Abushouk A.I., Adabi M., Adebayo O.M., Adekanmbi V., Adelson J., Adetokunboh O.O., Adham D., Advani S.M., Afshin A., Agarwal G., Agasthi P., Aghamir S.M.K., Agrawal A., Ahmad T., Akinyemi R.O., Alahdab F., Al-Aly Z., Alam K., Albertson S.B., Alemu Y.M., Alhassan R.K., Ali M., Ali S., Alipour V., Aljunid S.M., Alla F., Almadi M.A.H., Almasi A., Almasi-Hashiani A., Almasri N.A., Al-Mekhlafi H.M., Almulhim A.M., Alonso J., Al-Raddadi R.M., Altirkawi K.A., Alvis-Guzman N., Alvis-Zakzuk N.J., Amini S., Amini-Rarani M., Amiri F., Amit A.M.L., Amugsi D.A., Ancuceanu R., Anderlini D., Andrei C.L., Androudi S., Ansari F., Ansari-Moghaddam A., Antonio C.A.T., Antony C.M., Antriyandarti E., Anvari D., Anwer R., Arabloo J., Arab-Zozani M., Aravkin A.Y., Aremu O., Arnlov J., Asaad M., Asadi-Aliabadi M., Asadi-Pooya A.A., Athari S.S., Atout M.M.W., Ausloos M., Avila-Burgos L., Ayala Quintanilla B.P., Ayano G., Ayanore M.A., Aynalem Y.A., Aynalem G.L., Ayza M.A., Azari S., Azzopardi P.S., B D.B., Babaee E., Badiye A.D., Bahrami M.A., Baig A.A., Bakhshaei M.H., Bakhtiari A., Bakkannavar S.M., Balachandran A., Banach M., Banerjee S.K., Banik P.C., Bante A.B., Bante S.A., Barker-Collo S.L., Barnighausen T.W., Barrero L.H., Bassat Q., Basu S., Baune B.T., Bayati M., Baye B.A., Bedi N., Beghi E., Behzadifar M., Bekuma T.T.T., Bell M.L., Bensenor I.M., Berman A.E., Bernabe E., Bernstein R.S., Bhagavathula A.S., Bhandari D., Bhardwaj P., Bhat A.G., Bhattacharyya K., Bhattarai S., Bhutta Z.A., Bijani 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Doshmangir L., Duncan B.B., Duraes A.R., Eagan A.W., Edvardsson D., El Sayed I., El Tantawi M., Elgendy I.Y., Elyazar I.R., Eskandari K., Eskandarieh S., Esmaeilnejad S., Esteghamati A., Ezekannagha O., Farag T., Farahmand M., Faraon E.J.A., Farinha C.S.E.S., Farioli A., Faris P.S., Faro A., Fazlzadeh M., Feigin V.L., Fernandes E., Ferrara P., Feyissa G.T., Filip I., Fischer F., Fisher J.L., Flor L.S., Foigt N.A., Folayan M.O., Fomenkov A.A., Foroutan M., Francis J.M., Fu W., Fukumoto T., Furtado J.M., Gad M.M., Gaidhane A.M., Gakidou E., Galles N.C., Gallus S., Gardner W.M., Geberemariyam B.S., Gebrehiwot A.M., Gebremeskel L.G., Gebremeskel G.G., Gesesew H.A., Ghadiri K., Ghafourifard M., Ghashghaee A., Ghith N., Gholamian A., Gilani S.A., Gill P.S., Gill T.K., Ginindza T.G., Gitimoghaddam M., Giussani G., Glagn M., Gnedovskaya E.V., Godinho M.A., Goharinezhad S., Gopalani S.V., Goudarzian A.H., Goulart B.N.G., Gubari M.I.M., Guimaraes R.A., Guled R.A., Gultie T., Guo Y., Gupta R., 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Kalhor R., Kamath A.M., Kanchan T., Kapoor N., Karami Matin B., Karanikolos M., Karimi S.M., Kassebaum N.J., Katikireddi S.V., Kayode G.A., Keiyoro P.N., Khader Y.S., Khammarnia M., Khan M., Khan E.A., Khang Y.-H., Khatab K., Khater A.M., Khater M.M., Khatib M.N., Khayamzadeh M., Khubchandani J., Kianipour N., Kim Y.J., Kimokoti R.W., Kinfu Y., Kisa A., Kissimova-Skarbek K., Kivimaki M., Kneib C.J., Kocarnik J.M., Kochhar S., Kohler S., Kopec J.A., Korotkova A.V., Korshunov V.A., Kosen S., Kotlo A., Koul P.A., Koyanagi A., Krishan K., Krohn K.J., Kugbey N., Kulkarni V., Kumar G.A., Kumar N., Kumar M., Kurmi O.P., Kusuma D., Kyu H.H., La Vecchia C., Lacey B., Lal D.K., Lalloo R., Landires I., Lansingh V.C., Larsson A.O., Lasrado S., Lau K.M.-M., Lauriola P., Lazarus J.V., Ledesma J.R., Lee P.H., Lee S.W.H., Leever A.T., LeGrand K.E., Leigh J., Leonardi M., Li S., Lim S.S., Lim L.-L., Liu X., Logroscino G., Lopez A.D., Lopukhov P.D., Lotufo P.A., Lu A., Ma J., Madadin M., Mahasha P.W., Mahmoudi M., Majeed A., Malagon-Rojas J.N., Maleki S., Malta D.C., Mansouri B., Mansournia M.A., Martini S., Martins-Melo F.R., Martopullo I., Massenburg B.B., Mastrogiacomo C.I., Mathur M.R., McAlinden C., McKee M., Medina-Solis C.E., Meharie B.G., Mehndiratta M.M., Mehrabi Nasab E., Mehri F., Mehrotra R., Mekonnen T., Melese A., Memiah P.T.N., Mendoza W., Menezes R.G., Mensah G.A., Meretoja T.J., Meretoja A., Mestrovic T., Miazgowski B., Michalek I.M., Mirrakhimov E.M., Mirzaei M., Mirzaei-Alavijeh M., Mitchell P.B., Moazen B., Moghadaszadeh M., Mohamadi E., Mohammad Y., Mohammad D.K., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji N., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammed S., Mohammed J.A., Mokdad A.H., Monasta L., Mondello S., Moradi M., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Morgado-da-Costa J., Morrison S.D., Mosapour A., Mosser J.F., Mousavi Khaneghah A., Muriithi M.K., Mustafa G., Nabhan A.F., Naderi M., Nagarajan A.J., Naghavi M., Naghshtabrizi B., Naimzada M.D., Nangia V., Nansseu J.R., Nayak 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Rahman M.A., Rajabpour-Sanati A., Rana S.M., Ranabhat C.L., Rao S.J., Rasella D., Rashedi V., Rath G.K., Rathi P., Rawaf S., Rawaf D.L., Rawal L., Rawassizadeh R., Razo C., Renjith V., Renzaho A.M.N., Reshmi B., Rezaei N., Riahi S.M., Ribeiro D.C., Rickard J., Roberts N.L.S., Roever L., Romoli M., Ronfani L., Roshandel G., Rubagotti E., Rwegerera G.M., Sabour S., Sachdev P.S., Saddik B., Sadeghi M., Sadeghi E., Safari Y., Sagar R., Sahebkar A., Sahraian M.A., Sajadi S.M., Salahshoor M.R., Salem M.R.R., Salem H., Salomon J., Samadi Kafil H., Samy A.M., Sanabria J., Santric-Milicevic M.M., Saraswathy S.Y.I., Sarmiento-Suarez R., Sartorius B., Sarveazad A., Sathian B., Sathish T., Sattin D., Savic M., Sawyer S.M., Saxena D., Sbarra A.N., Schaeffer L.E., Schiavolin S., Schmidt M.I., Schutte A.E., Schwebel D.C., Schwendicke F., Seedat S., Sha F., Shahabi S., Shaheen A.A., Shaikh M.A., Shamsizadeh M., Shannawaz M., Sharafi K., Sharara F., Sharifi H., Shaw D.H., Sheikh A., Sheikhtaheri A., 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Kulkarni V., Kumar G.A., Kumar N., Kumar M., Kurmi O.P., Kusuma D., Kyu H.H., La Vecchia C., Lacey B., Lal D.K., Lalloo R., Landires I., Lansingh V.C., Larsson A.O., Lasrado S., Lau K.M.-M., Lauriola P., Lazarus J.V., Ledesma J.R., Lee P.H., Lee S.W.H., Leever A.T., LeGrand K.E., Leigh J., Leonardi M., Li S., Lim S.S., Lim L.-L., Liu X., Logroscino G., Lopez A.D., Lopukhov P.D., Lotufo P.A., Lu A., Ma J., Madadin M., Mahasha P.W., Mahmoudi M., Majeed A., Malagon-Rojas J.N., Maleki S., Malta D.C., Mansouri B., Mansournia M.A., Martini S., Martins-Melo F.R., Martopullo I., Massenburg B.B., Mastrogiacomo C.I., Mathur M.R., McAlinden C., McKee M., Medina-Solis C.E., Meharie B.G., Mehndiratta M.M., Mehrabi Nasab E., Mehri F., Mehrotra R., Mekonnen T., Melese A., Memiah P.T.N., Mendoza W., Menezes R.G., Mensah G.A., Meretoja T.J., Meretoja A., Mestrovic T., Miazgowski B., Michalek I.M., Mirrakhimov E.M., Mirzaei M., Mirzaei-Alavijeh M., Mitchell P.B., Moazen B., Moghadaszadeh M., Mohamadi 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Abstract

Background: Achieving universal health coverage (UHC) involves all people receiving the health services they need, of high quality, without experiencing financial hardship. Making progress towards UHC is a policy priority for both countries and global institutions, as highlighted by the agenda of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and WHO's Thirteenth General Programme of Work (GPW13). Measuring effective coverage at the health-system level is important for understanding whether health services are aligned with countries' health profiles and are of sufficient quality to produce health gains for populations of all ages. Method(s): Based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we assessed UHC effective coverage for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Drawing from a measurement framework developed through WHO's GPW13 consultation, we mapped 23 effective coverage indicators to a matrix representing health service types (eg, promotion, prevention, and treatment) and five population-age groups spanning from reproductive and newborn to older adults (>=65 years). Effective coverage indicators were based on intervention coverage or outcome-based measures such as mortality-to-incidence ratios to approximate access to quality care; outcome-based measures were transformed to values on a scale of 0-100 based on the 2.5th and 97.5th percentile of location-year values. We constructed the UHC effective coverage index by weighting each effective coverage indicator relative to its associated potential health gains, as measured by disability-adjusted life-years for each location-year and population-age group. For three tests of validity (content, known-groups, and convergent), UHC effective coverage index performance was generally better than that of other UHC service coverage indices from WHO (ie, the current metric for SDG indicator 3.8.1 on UHC service coverage), the World Bank, and GBD 2017. We quantified frontiers of UH

Published
2020

37. Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950-2019: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

Author

Hird T.R., Shannawaz M., Sharma R., Shin J., Shiri R., Sierpinski R., Sigurvinsdottir R., Silva D.A.S., Simonetti B., Singh A., Sinha D.N., Skiadaresi E., Skou S.T., Skryabin V.Y., Zastrozhin M.S., Soheili A., Sokhan A., Somefun O.D., Korotkova A.V., Soyiri I.N., Sreeramareddy C.T., Srinivasan V., Sripada K., Stovner L.J., Stockfelt L., Sultan I., Swope C.B., Vaicekonyte R., Sykes B.L., Szumowski L., Tabb K.M., Tabuchi T., Taddele B.W., Tahir Z., Tareque M.I., Tarigan I.U., Taveira N., Thankappan K.R., Thomas N., Varughese S., Touvier M., Tran B.X., Tsatsakis A., Vardavas C., Ullah I., Umeokonkwo C.D., Undurraga E.A., Upadhyay E., Vasankari T.J., Vasconcelos A.N., Veisani Y., Vidale S., Waheed Y., Wei J., Wang F., Zhao X.G., Wang Y., Yu C., Zhang Z., Wang H., Weiss J., Wiangkham T., Wickramasinghe N.D., Wu A., Xie Y., Xu G., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S., Yilgwan C.S., Yonemoto N., Younis M.Z., Younker T.P., Yu Y., Zaidi S., Zhang J., Zhang Y., Zheleva B., Zhu C., Abbafati C., Machado D.B., Cislaghi B., Salman O.M., Karanikolos M., McKee M., Abbas K.M., Brady O.J., Larson H.J., Trias-Llimos S., Cummins S., Langan S.M., Sartorius B., Hafiz A., Jenabi E., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji N., Borzouei S., Azarian G., Khazaei S., Abbasi M., Asghari B., Masoumi S., Komaki H., Taherkhani A., Adabi M., Abbasifard M., Bazmandegan G., Kamiab Z., Vakilian A., Anjomshoa M., Mokari A., Sabour S., Shahbaz M., Saeedi R., Ahmadieh H., Yousefinezhadi T., Haj-Mirzaian A., Nikbakhsh R., Safi S., Asgari S., Irvani S.N., Jahanmehr N., Ramezanzadeh K., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Khayamzadeh M., Abbastabar H., Shirkoohi R., Fazlzadeh M., Janjani H., Hosseini M., Mansournia M., Tohidinik H., Bakhtiari A., Fazaeli A., Mousavi S., Hasanzadeh A., Nabavizadeh B., Malekzadeh R., Hashemian M., Pourshams A., Salimzadeh H., Sepanlou S.G., Afarideh M., Esteghamati A., Esteghamati S., Ghajar A., Heidari B., Rezaei N., Mohamadi E., Rahimi-Movaghar A., Rahim F., Eskandarieh S., Sahraian M., Mohebi F., Aminorroaya A., Ebrahimi H., Farzadfar F., Mohajer B., Pishgar F., Saeedi Moghaddam S., Shabani M., Zarafshan H., Abolhassani H., Hafezi-Nejad N., Heidari-Soureshjani R., Abdollahi M., Farahmand M., Salamati P., Mehrabi Nasab E., Tajdini M., Aghamir S., Mirzaei R., Dibaji Forooshani Z., Khater M.M., Abd-Allah F., Abdelalim A., Abualhasan A., El-Jaafary S.I., Hassan A., Elsharkawy A., Khater A.M., Elhabashy H.R., Salem M.R.R., Salem H., Sadeghi M., Jafarinia M., Amini-Rarani M., Mohammadifard N., Sarrafzadegan N., Abdollahpour I., Sarveazad A., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Yoosefi Lebni J., Manafi N., Pazoki Toroudi H., Dorostkar F., Alipour V., Sheikhtaheri A., Arabloo J., Azari S., Ghashghaee A., Rezapour A., Naserbakht M., Kabir A., Mehri F., Yousefifard M., Asadi-Aliabadi M., Babaee E., Eshrati B., Goharinezhad S., Moradi M., Abedi P., Rashedi V., Kumar V., Elgendy I.Y., Basu S., Park J., Pereira A., Norheim O.F., Eagan A.W., Cahill L.E., Sheikh A., Abushouk A.I., Thakur B., Barnighausen T.W., Shrime M.G., Abedi A., Doshi C.P., Abegaz K.H., Geberemariyam B.S., Aynalem Y.A., Shiferaw W.S., Abosetugn A.E., Aboyans V., Abrams E.M., Gitimoghaddam M., Kissoon N., Stubbs J.L., Brauer M., Iyamu I.O., Kopec J.A., Pourmalek F., Ribeiro A.P., Malta D.C., Gomez R.S., Abreu L.G., Abrigo M.R.M., Almulhim A.M., Dahlawi S.M.A., Pottoo F.H., Menezes R.G., Alanzi T.M., Alumran A.K., Abu Haimed A.K., Madadin M., Alanezi F.M., Abu-Gharbieh E., Saddik B., Abu-Raddad L.J., Samy A.M., El Nahas N., Shalash A.S., Nabhan A.F., Kamath A.M., Kassebaum N.J., Aravkin A.Y., Kochhar S., Sorensen R.J.D., Afshin A., Burkart K., Cromwell E.A., Gakidou E., Hay S.I., Kyu H.H., Lopez A.D., Lozano R., Misganaw A.T., Mokdad A.H., Naghavi M., Pigott D.M., Reiner Jr R.C., Roth G.A., Stanaway J.D., Vollset S., Vos T., Lim S.S., Murray C.J.L., Kalani R., Ikuta K.S., Cho D.Y., Kneib C.J., Crowe C.S., Massenburg B.B., Morrison S.D., Acebedo A., Adelson J.D., Agesa K.M., Alam T., Albertson S.B., Anderson J.A., Antony C.M., Ashbaugh C., Assmus M., Azhar G., Balassyano S., Bannick M.S., Barthelemy C.M., Bender R.G., Bennitt F.B., Bertolacci G.J., Biehl M.H., Bisignano C., Boon-Dooley A.S., Briant P.S., Bryazka D., Bumgarner B.R., Callender C.S., Cao J., Castle C.D., Castro E., Causey K., Cercy K.M., Chalek J., Cohen A.J., Comfort H., Compton K., Croneberger A.J., Cruz J.A., Cunningham M., Dangel W.J., Dean F.E., DeCleene N.K., Deen A., Degenhardt L., Dingels Z.V., Dippenaar I.N., Dirac M.A., Dolgert A.J., Emmons-Bell S., Estep K., Farag T., Feigin V.L., Feldman R., Ferrara G., Ferrari A.J., Fitzgerald R., Force L.M., Fox J.T., Frank T.D., Fu W., Fukutaki K., Fuller J.E., Fullman N., Galles N.C., Gardner W.M., Gershberg Hayoon A., Goren E., Gorman T.M., Gottlich H.C., Guo G., Haddock B., Hagins H., Haile L.M., Hamilton E.B., Han C., Han H., Harvey J.D., Henny K., Henrikson H.J., Henry N.J., Herbert M.E., Hsiao T., Huynh C.K., Iannucci V.C., Ippolito H., Irvine C.M.S., Jafari H., Jahagirdar D., James S.L., 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Garcia-Basteiro A.L., Lazarus J.V., Straif K., Ghiasvand H., Ghith N., Norrving B., Mehta K.M., Mohamad O., Salama J.S., Ghosh R., Giampaoli S., Gilani S., Hameed S., Hanif A., Rana S.M., Uthman O.A., Gill P.S., Gillum R.F., Ginawi I.A., Ginindza T.G., Tlou B., Tanser F.C., Gnedovskaya E.V., Kravchenko M.A., Piradov M.A., Golechha M., Goli S., Milne G.J., Schlaich M.P., Hankey G.J., Gona P.N., Gopalani S.V., Goudarzi H., Rawassizadeh R., Grada A., Nsoesie E.O., Javaheri T., Rawaf S., Steel N., Gubari M.I.M., Gugnani H.C., Guimaraes A.L.S., Guimaraes R.A., Guled R.A., Senbeta A.M., Hashi A., Omer M.O., Yousuf A.Y., Gupta S.S., Gupta T., Gupta R., Haagsma J.A., Polinder S., Hachinski V., Stranges S., Hamadeh R.R., Hamidi S., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tyrovolas S., Hasaballah A.I., Hassanipour S., Joukar F., Mansour-Ghanaei F., Jaafari J., Havmoeller R.J., Hayat K., Heibati B., Heidari G., Henok A., Moraga P., Sigfusdottir I.D., Phillips M.R., Hole M.K., Hollingsworth B., Hopf K.P., Hosgood H., Hossain N., Mai H.T., Nguyen C.T., Nguyen H.L.T., Pham H.Q., Nguyen D.N., Househ M., Hsairi M., Lin R., Hsieh V., Hwang B., Hu K., Humayun A., Hussain R., Ibeneme C.U., Ikeda N., Ilic M.D., Inbaraj L.R., Iqbal U., Islami F., Yamagishi K., Iso H., Iwu C.C.D., Jacobsen K.H., Jayatilleke A.U., Jeemon P., Jha R.P., Jia P., Osei F.B., Schutte A.E., Johansson L., Szocska M., Joo T., Jozwiak J.J., Jurisson M., Kabir Z., Roshandel G., Oladnabi M., Kalani H., Kassa G.M., Katikireddi S.V., Yamada T., Nomura S., Kawakami N., Kayode G.A., Kromhout H., Traini E., Kumar M., Keiyoro P.N., Muriithi M.K., Wamai R.G., Khader Y.S., Khalid N., Khan E.A., Khang Y., Khatab K., Khubchandani J., Yoon S., Shin M., Kim C., Kim Y., Kim D., Kimokoti R.W., Kinfu Y., Kisa S., Kisa A., Kissimova-Skarbek K., Topor-Madry R., Lallukka T., Meretoja T.J., Shivakumar K.M., Knudsen A.S., Sulo G., Kosen S., Kotlo A., Koul P.A., Krishan K., KS S., Kuate Defo B., Kucuk Bicer B., Yuce D., Rawat R., Meitei W.B., Kumar P., Singh P., Kumaresh G., Lami F.H., Landires I., Nunez-Samudio V., Landires, Lansingh V.C., Lansky S., Larsson A.O., Lasrado S., Lavados P.M., Leasher J.L., Lee S.W.H., Leonardi M., Raggi A., Sattin PsyD, S Schiavolin D., Li B., Lim L., Takahashi K., Linehan C., Linn S., Shuval K., Listl S., Zhou M., Liu S., Logroscino G., Looker K.J., Lorkowski S., Lunevicius R., Lyons R.A., Madotto F., Magdy Abd El Razek H., Magdy Abd El Razek M., Mahmoudi M., Maled V., Moradi G., Maleki A., Manafi A., Mapoma C., Martini S., Martins-Melo F.R., Masaka A., McAlinden C., Momen N.C., Plana-Ripoll O., Medina-Solis C.E., Meharie B., Mehndiratta M., Mehrotra R., Suliankatchi Abdulkader R., Mekonnen T., Memiah P.T.N., Wallin M.T., Memish Z.A., Mendoza W., Mestrovic T., Miazgowski T., Miazgowski B., Michalek I., Mini G., Miri M., Mirrakhimov E.M., Mirzaei H., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammadpourhodki R., Sahebkar A., Mohammed H., Sufiyan M.B., Mohseni Bandpei M.A., Monasta L., Ronfani L., Mondello S., Moradi-Joo M., Morawska L., Mousavi Khaneghah A., Westerman R., Werdecker A., Mueller U.O., Mukhopadhyay S., Musa K., Mustafa G., Nagarajan A.J., Nagel G., Rothenbacher D., Naik G., Schwebel D.C., Singh J.A., Naimzada M., Otstavnov N., Otstavnov S.S., Soshnikov S., Titova M.V., Nair S., Naldi L., Nangia V., Nansseu J., Sobngwi E., Nguefack-Tsague G., Ndejjo R., Ngari K.N., Ngunjiri J.W., Nigatu Y.T., Oancea B., Oh I., Okunga E.W., Olusanya J.O., Olusanya B.O., Ong S., Onwujekwe O.E., Ortega-Altamirano D.V., Ortiz A., Soriano J.B., Osarenotor O., Ostojic S.M., Vlassov V., Pa M., Pangaribuan H.U., Park E., Pasupula D., Patel J.R., Patel S.K., Paternina-Caicedo A.J., Pathak M., Pathak A., Patten S.B., Tonelli M., Weintraub R.G., Paudel S., Pepito V.F., Thurston G.D., Peprah E.K., Pereira J., Pescarini J.M., Piccinelli C., Pilgrim T., Plass D., Pokhrel K.N., Prada S.I., Prakash V., Prakash S., Prasad N., Shigematsu M., Pribadi D.R.A., Sudaryanto A., Rabiee M., Radfar A., Ranabhat C.L., Ranta A., Ribeiro D.C., Rao S., Rawaf D.L., Rawal L., Renjith V., Rickard J., Roever L., Romoli M., Rostamian M., Rubagotti E., Rwegerera G.M., Ullah S., Sajadi S., Salam N., Salomon J.A., Salz I., Saraswathy S.Y., Sarmiento-Suarez R., Sathian B., Savic M., Saylan M., Schwendicke F., Sekerija M., Senthilkumaran S., Sha F., Shaheen A.A., Shaikh M.A., and Shamsizadeh M.

Abstract

Background: Accurate and up-to-date assessment of demographic metrics is crucial for understanding a wide range of social, economic, and public health issues that affect populations worldwide. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 produced updated and comprehensive demographic assessments of the key indicators of fertility, mortality, migration, and population for 204 countries and territories and selected subnational locations from 1950 to 2019. Method(s): 8078 country-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 938 surveys, 349 censuses, and 238 other sources were identified and used to estimate age-specific fertility. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate age-specific fertility rates for 5-year age groups between ages 15 and 49 years. With extensions to age groups 10-14 and 50-54 years, the total fertility rate (TFR) was then aggregated using the estimated age-specific fertility between ages 10 and 54 years. 7417 sources were used for under-5 mortality estimation and 7355 for adult mortality. ST-GPR was used to synthesise data sources after correction for known biases. Adult mortality was measured as the probability of death between ages 15 and 60 years based on vital registration, sample registration, and sibling histories, and was also estimated using ST-GPR. HIV-free life tables were then estimated using estimates of under-5 and adult mortality rates using a relational model life table system created for GBD, which closely tracks observed age-specific mortality rates from complete vital registration when available. Independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated by an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance and other sources were incorporated into the estimates in countries with large epidemics. Annual and single-year age estimates of net migration and population for each country and territory were generated using a B

Published
2020

38. Genetic and environmental determinants of variation in the plasma lipidome of older Australian twins

Author

Wong, M.W.K., Thalamuthu, A., Braidy, N., Mather, K.A., Liu, Y., Ciobanu, L., Baune, B.T., Armstrong, N.J., Kwok, J., Schofield, P., Wright, M.J., Ames, D., Pickford, R., Lee, T., Poljak, A., Sachdev, P.S., Wong, M.W.K., Thalamuthu, A., Braidy, N., Mather, K.A., Liu, Y., Ciobanu, L., Baune, B.T., Armstrong, N.J., Kwok, J., Schofield, P., Wright, M.J., Ames, D., Pickford, R., Lee, T., Poljak, A., and Sachdev, P.S.

Abstract

The critical role of blood lipids in a broad range of health and disease states is well recognised but less explored is the interplay of genetics and environment within the broader blood lipidome. We examined heritability of the plasma lipidome among healthy older-aged twins (75 monozygotic/55 dizygotic pairs) enrolled in the Older Australian Twins Study (OATS) and explored corresponding gene expression and DNA methylation associations. 27/209 lipids (13.3%) detected by liquid chromatography-coupled mass spectrometry (LC-MS) were significantly heritable under the classical ACE twin model (h2 = 0.28–0.59), which included ceramides (Cer) and triglycerides (TG). Relative to non-significantly heritable TGs, heritable TGs had a greater number of associations with gene transcripts, not directly associated with lipid metabolism, but with immune function, signalling and transcriptional regulation. Genome-wide average DNA methylation (GWAM) levels accounted for variability in some non-heritable lipids. We reveal a complex interplay of genetic and environmental influences on the ageing plasma lipidome.

Published
2020

39. What we learn about bipolar disorder from large-scale neuroimaging: Findings and future directions from the ENIGMA Bipolar Disorder Working Group

Author

Ching, C.R.K. (Christopher), Hibar, D.P. (Derrek P.), Gurholt, T.P. (Tiril P.), Nunes, A. (Abraham), Thomopoulos, S.I. (Sophia I.), Abé, C. (Christoph), Agartz, I. (Ingrid), Brouwer, R.M. (Rachel), Cannon, D.M. (Dara), de Zwarte, S.M.C. (Sonja M. C.), Eyler, L.T. (Lisa T.), Favre, P. (Pauline), Hajek, T. (Tomas), Haukvik, U.K. (Unn), Houenou, J. (Josselin), Landén, M. (Mikael), Lett, T.A. (Tristram A.), McDonald, C. (Colm), Nabulsi, L. (Leila), Patel, Y. (Yash), Pauling, M.E. (Melissa E.), Paus, T. (Tomas), Radua, J. (Joaquim), Soeiro-de-Souza, M.G. (Marcio G.), Tronchin, G. (Giulia), van Haren, N.E.M. (Neeltje E. M.), Vieta, E. (Eduard), Walter, H.J. (Henrik), Zeng, L.-L. (Ling-Li), Alda, M. (Martin), Almeida, J. (Jorge), Alnæs, D. (Dag), Alonso-Lana, S. (Silvia), Altimus, C. (Cara), Bauer, M. (Michael), Baune, B.T., Bearden, C.E. (Carrie), Bellani, M. (Marcella), Benedetti, F. (Francesco), Berk, M. (Michael), Bilderbeck, A.C. (Amy C.), Blumberg, H.P. (Hilary P.), Bøen, E. (Erlend), Bollettini, I. (Irene), del Mar Bonnin, C. (Caterina), Brambilla, P. (Paolo), Canales-Rodríguez, E.J. (Erick J.), Caseras, X. (Xavier), Dandash, O. (Orwa), Dannlowski, U. (Udo), Delvecchio, G. (Giuseppe), Díaz-Zuluaga, A.M. (Ana M.), Dima, D. (Danai), Duchesnay, É. (Édouard), Elvsåshagen, T. (Torbjørn), Fears, S. (Scott), Frangou, S. (Sophia), Fullerton, J.M. (Janice M.), Glahn, D.C. (David), Goikolea, J.M. (Jose M.), Green, M.J. (Melissa J.), Grotegerd, D. (Dominik), Gruber, O. (Oliver), Haarman, B.C.M. (Benno), Henry, C. (C.), Howells, F.M. (Fleur M.), Ives-Deliperi, V. (Victoria), Jansen, A. (Andreas), Kircher, T.T.J. (Tilo T. J.), Knöchel, C. (Christian), Kramer, B. (Bernd), Lafer, B. (Beny), López-Jaramillo, C. (Carlos), Machado-Vieira, R. (Rodrigo), MacIntosh, B.J. (Bradley J), Melloni, E.M.T. (Elisa M. T.), Mitchell, P.B. (Philip B.), Nenadic, I. (Igor), Nery, F. (Fabiano), Nugent, A.C. (Allison), Oertel, V. (Viola), Ophoff, R.A. (Roel), Ota, M. (Miho), Overs, B.J. (Bronwyn J.), Pham, D.L. (Daniel L.), Phillips, M.L. (Mary L.), Pineda-Zapata, J.A. (Julian A.), Poletti, S. (Sara), Polosan, M. (Mircea), Pomarol-Clotet, E. (Edith), Pouchon, A. (Arnaud), Quidé, Y. (Yann), Rive, M.M. (Maria M.), Roberts, G. (Gloria), Ruhé, H.G. (Henricus G.Eric), Salvador, R. (Raymond), Sarró, S. (Salvador), Satterthwaite, T.D. (Theodore), Schene, A.H. (Aart), Sim, K. (Kang), Soares, J.C. (Jair C.), Stäblein, M. (Michael), Stein, D.J. (Dan J.), Tamnes, C.K. (Christian K.), Thomaidis, G.V. (Georgios V.), Upegui, C.V. (Cristian Vargas), Veltman, D.J. (Dick), Wessa, M. (Michèle), Westlye, L.T. (Lars), Whalley, H.C. (Heather C.), Wolf, D.H. (Daniel H.), Wu, M.-J. (Mon-Ju), Yatham, L.N. (Lakshmi N.), Zarate, C.A. (Carlos A.), Thompson, P.M. (Paul), Andreassen, O.A. (Ole), Ching, C.R.K. (Christopher), Hibar, D.P. (Derrek P.), Gurholt, T.P. (Tiril P.), Nunes, A. (Abraham), Thomopoulos, S.I. (Sophia I.), Abé, C. (Christoph), Agartz, I. (Ingrid), Brouwer, R.M. (Rachel), Cannon, D.M. (Dara), de Zwarte, S.M.C. (Sonja M. C.), Eyler, L.T. (Lisa T.), Favre, P. (Pauline), Hajek, T. (Tomas), Haukvik, U.K. (Unn), Houenou, J. (Josselin), Landén, M. (Mikael), Lett, T.A. (Tristram A.), McDonald, C. (Colm), Nabulsi, L. (Leila), Patel, Y. (Yash), Pauling, M.E. (Melissa E.), Paus, T. (Tomas), Radua, J. (Joaquim), Soeiro-de-Souza, M.G. (Marcio G.), Tronchin, G. (Giulia), van Haren, N.E.M. (Neeltje E. M.), Vieta, E. (Eduard), Walter, H.J. (Henrik), Zeng, L.-L. (Ling-Li), Alda, M. (Martin), Almeida, J. (Jorge), Alnæs, D. (Dag), Alonso-Lana, S. (Silvia), Altimus, C. (Cara), Bauer, M. (Michael), Baune, B.T., Bearden, C.E. (Carrie), Bellani, M. (Marcella), Benedetti, F. (Francesco), Berk, M. (Michael), Bilderbeck, A.C. (Amy C.), Blumberg, H.P. (Hilary P.), Bøen, E. (Erlend), Bollettini, I. (Irene), del Mar Bonnin, C. (Caterina), Brambilla, P. (Paolo), Canales-Rodríguez, E.J. (Erick J.), Caseras, X. (Xavier), Dandash, O. (Orwa), Dannlowski, U. (Udo), Delvecchio, G. (Giuseppe), Díaz-Zuluaga, A.M. (Ana M.), Dima, D. (Danai), Duchesnay, É. (Édouard), Elvsåshagen, T. (Torbjørn), Fears, S. (Scott), Frangou, S. (Sophia), Fullerton, J.M. (Janice M.), Glahn, D.C. (David), Goikolea, J.M. (Jose M.), Green, M.J. (Melissa J.), Grotegerd, D. (Dominik), Gruber, O. (Oliver), Haarman, B.C.M. (Benno), Henry, C. (C.), Howells, F.M. (Fleur M.), Ives-Deliperi, V. (Victoria), Jansen, A. (Andreas), Kircher, T.T.J. (Tilo T. J.), Knöchel, C. (Christian), Kramer, B. (Bernd), Lafer, B. (Beny), López-Jaramillo, C. (Carlos), Machado-Vieira, R. (Rodrigo), MacIntosh, B.J. (Bradley J), Melloni, E.M.T. (Elisa M. T.), Mitchell, P.B. (Philip B.), Nenadic, I. (Igor), Nery, F. (Fabiano), Nugent, A.C. (Allison), Oertel, V. (Viola), Ophoff, R.A. (Roel), Ota, M. (Miho), Overs, B.J. (Bronwyn J.), Pham, D.L. (Daniel L.), Phillips, M.L. (Mary L.), Pineda-Zapata, J.A. (Julian A.), Poletti, S. (Sara), Polosan, M. (Mircea), Pomarol-Clotet, E. (Edith), Pouchon, A. (Arnaud), Quidé, Y. (Yann), Rive, M.M. (Maria M.), Roberts, G. (Gloria), Ruhé, H.G. (Henricus G.Eric), Salvador, R. (Raymond), Sarró, S. (Salvador), Satterthwaite, T.D. (Theodore), Schene, A.H. (Aart), Sim, K. (Kang), Soares, J.C. (Jair C.), Stäblein, M. (Michael), Stein, D.J. (Dan J.), Tamnes, C.K. (Christian K.), Thomaidis, G.V. (Georgios V.), Upegui, C.V. (Cristian Vargas), Veltman, D.J. (Dick), Wessa, M. (Michèle), Westlye, L.T. (Lars), Whalley, H.C. (Heather C.), Wolf, D.H. (Daniel H.), Wu, M.-J. (Mon-Ju), Yatham, L.N. (Lakshmi N.), Zarate, C.A. (Carlos A.), Thompson, P.M. (Paul), and Andreassen, O.A. (Ole)

Abstract

MRI-derived brain measures offer a link between genes, the environment and behavior and have been widely studied in bipolar disorder (BD). However, many neuroimaging studies of BD have been underpowered, leading to varied results and uncertainty regarding effects. The Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Bipolar Disorder Working Group was formed in 2012 to empower discoveries, generate consensus findings and inform future hypothesis-driven studi

Published
2020
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40. Health sector spending and spending on HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria, and development assistance for health: progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 3

Author

Micah, A.E., Su, Y., Bachmeier, S.D, Chapin, A., Cogswell, I.E., Crosby, S.W., Cunningham, B., Harle, A.C., Maddison, E.R., Moitra, M., Sahu, M., Schneider, M.T., Simpson, K.E., Stutzman, H.N., Tsakalos, G., Zende, R.R., Zlavog, B.S., Abbafati, C., Abebo, Z.H., Abolhassani, H., Abrigo, M.R.M., Ahmed, M.B., Akinyemi, R.O., Alam, K., Ali, S., Alinia, C., Alipour, V., Aljunid, S.M., Almasi, A., Alvis-Guzman, N., Ancuceanu, R., Andrei, T., Andrei, C.L., Anjomshoa, M., Antonio, C.A.T., Arabloo, J., Arab-Zozani, M., Aremu, O., Atnafu, D.D., Ausloos, M., Avila-Burgos, L., Ayanore, M.A., Azari, S., Babalola, T.K., Bagherzadeh, M., Baig, A.A., Bakhtiari, A., Banach, M., Banerjee, S.K., Bärnighausen, T.W., Basu, S., Baune, B.T., Bayati, M., Berman, A.E., Bhageerathy, R., Bhardwaj, P., Bohluli, M., Busse, R., Cahuana-Hurtado, L., Cámera, L.L.A., Castañeda-Orjuela, C.A., Catalá-López, F., Cevik, M., Chattu, V.K., Dandona, L., Dandona, R., Dianatinasab, M., Do, H.T., Doshmangir, L., El Tantawi, M., Eskandarieh, S., Esmaeilzadeh, F., Faraj, A., Farzadfar, F., Fischer, F., Foigt, N.A., Fullman, N., Gad, M.M., Ghafourifard, M., Ghashghaee, A., Gholamian, A., Goharinezhad, S., Grada, A., Haghparast Bidgoli, H., Hamidi, S., Harb, H.L., Hasanpoor, E., Hay, S.I., Hendrie, D., Henry, N.J., Herteliu, C., Hole, M.K., Hosseinzadeh, M., Hostiuc, S., Huda, T.M., Humayun, A., Hwang, B-F, Ilesanmi, O.S., Iqbal, U., Irvani, S.S.N., Islam, S.M.S., Islam, M.M., Jahani, M.A., Jakovljevic, M., James, S.L., Javaheri, Z., Jonas, J.B., Joukar, F., Jozwiak, J.J., Jürisson, M., Kalhor, R., Karami Matin, B., Karimi, S.E., Kayode, G.A., Kazemi Karyani, A., Kinfu, Y., Kisa, A., Kohler, S., Komaki, H., Kosen, S., Kotlo, A., Koyanagi, A., Kumar, G.A., Kusuma, D., Lansingh, V.C., Larsson, A.O., Lasrado, S., Lee, S.W.H., Lim, L-L, Lozano, R., Magdy Abd El Razek, H., Mahdavi, M.M., Maleki, S., Malekzadeh, R., Mansour-Ghanaei, F., Mansournia, M.A., Mantovani, L.G., Martinez, G., Masoumi, S.Z., Massenburg, B.B., Menezes, R.G., Mengesha, E.W., Meretoja, T.J, Meretoja, A., Mestrovic, T., Milevska Kostova, N., Miller, T.R., Mirica, A., Mirrakhimov, E.M., Moghadaszadeh, M., Mohajer, B., Mohamadi, E., Mohammad Darwesh, A., Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A., Mohammadpourhodki, R., Mohammed, S., Mohebi, F., Mokdad, A.H., Morrison, S.D., Mosser, J.F., Mousavi, S.M., Muriithi, Moses K, Muthupandian, S., Myint, C-Y, Naderi, M., Nagarajan, A.J., Nguyen, C.T., Nguyen, H.L.T., Nonvignon, J., Noubiap, J.J., Oh, I-H, Olagunju, A.T., Olusanya, J.O., Olusanya, B.O., Omar Bali, A., Onwujekwe, O.E., Otstavnov, S.S., Otstavnov, N., Owolabi, M.O., Padubidri, J.R., Palladino, R., Panda-Jonas, S., Pandey, A., Postma, M.J., Prada, S.I., Pribadi, D.R.A., Rabiee, M., Rabiee, N., Rahim, F., Ranabhat, C.L., Rao, S.J., Rathi, P., Rawaf, S., Rawaf, D.L., Rawal, L., Rawassizadeh, R., Rezapour, A., Sabour, S., Sahraian, M.A., Salman, O.M., Salomon, J.A., Samy, A.M., Sanabria, J., Santos, J.V., Santric Milicevic, M.M., Sao Jose, B.P., Savic, M., Schwendicke, F., Senthilkumaran, S., Sepanlou, S.G., Serván-Mori, E., Setayesh, H., Shaikh, M.A., Sheikh, A., Shibuya, K., Shrime, M.G., Simonetti, B., Singh, J.A., Singh, P., Skryabin, V.Y., Soheili, A., Soltani, S., Ștefan, S.C., Tabarés-Seisdedos, R., Topor-Madry, R., Tovani-Palone, M.R., Tran, B.X., Travillian, R., Undurraga, E.A., Valdez, P.R., van Boven, J.F.M., Vasankari, T.J., Violante, F.S., Vlassov, V., Vos, T., Wolfe, C.D.A., Wu, J., Yaya, S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V., Yip, P., Yonemoto, N., Younis, M.Z., Yu, C., Zaidi, Z., Zaman, S.B., Zastrozhin, M.S., Zhang, Z-J, Zhao, Y., Murray, C.J.L., Dieleman, J.L., Micah, A.E., Su, Y., Bachmeier, S.D, Chapin, A., Cogswell, I.E., Crosby, S.W., Cunningham, B., Harle, A.C., Maddison, E.R., Moitra, M., Sahu, M., Schneider, M.T., Simpson, K.E., Stutzman, H.N., Tsakalos, G., Zende, R.R., Zlavog, B.S., Abbafati, C., Abebo, Z.H., Abolhassani, H., Abrigo, M.R.M., Ahmed, M.B., Akinyemi, R.O., Alam, K., Ali, S., Alinia, C., Alipour, V., Aljunid, S.M., Almasi, A., Alvis-Guzman, N., Ancuceanu, R., Andrei, T., Andrei, C.L., Anjomshoa, M., Antonio, C.A.T., Arabloo, J., Arab-Zozani, M., Aremu, O., Atnafu, D.D., Ausloos, M., Avila-Burgos, L., Ayanore, M.A., Azari, S., Babalola, T.K., Bagherzadeh, M., Baig, A.A., Bakhtiari, A., Banach, M., Banerjee, S.K., Bärnighausen, T.W., Basu, S., Baune, B.T., Bayati, M., Berman, A.E., Bhageerathy, R., Bhardwaj, P., Bohluli, M., Busse, R., Cahuana-Hurtado, L., Cámera, L.L.A., Castañeda-Orjuela, C.A., Catalá-López, F., Cevik, M., Chattu, V.K., Dandona, L., Dandona, R., Dianatinasab, M., Do, H.T., Doshmangir, L., El Tantawi, M., Eskandarieh, S., Esmaeilzadeh, F., Faraj, A., Farzadfar, F., Fischer, F., Foigt, N.A., Fullman, N., Gad, M.M., Ghafourifard, M., Ghashghaee, A., Gholamian, A., Goharinezhad, S., Grada, A., Haghparast Bidgoli, H., Hamidi, S., Harb, H.L., Hasanpoor, E., Hay, S.I., Hendrie, D., Henry, N.J., Herteliu, C., Hole, M.K., Hosseinzadeh, M., Hostiuc, S., Huda, T.M., Humayun, A., Hwang, B-F, Ilesanmi, O.S., Iqbal, U., Irvani, S.S.N., Islam, S.M.S., Islam, M.M., Jahani, M.A., Jakovljevic, M., James, S.L., Javaheri, Z., Jonas, J.B., Joukar, F., Jozwiak, J.J., Jürisson, M., Kalhor, R., Karami Matin, B., Karimi, S.E., Kayode, G.A., Kazemi Karyani, A., Kinfu, Y., Kisa, A., Kohler, S., Komaki, H., Kosen, S., Kotlo, A., Koyanagi, A., Kumar, G.A., Kusuma, D., Lansingh, V.C., Larsson, A.O., Lasrado, S., Lee, S.W.H., Lim, L-L, Lozano, R., Magdy Abd El Razek, H., Mahdavi, M.M., Maleki, S., Malekzadeh, R., Mansour-Ghanaei, F., Mansournia, M.A., Mantovani, L.G., Martinez, G., Masoumi, S.Z., Massenburg, B.B., Menezes, R.G., Mengesha, E.W., Meretoja, T.J, Meretoja, A., Mestrovic, T., Milevska Kostova, N., Miller, T.R., Mirica, A., Mirrakhimov, E.M., Moghadaszadeh, M., Mohajer, B., Mohamadi, E., Mohammad Darwesh, A., Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A., Mohammadpourhodki, R., Mohammed, S., Mohebi, F., Mokdad, A.H., Morrison, S.D., Mosser, J.F., Mousavi, S.M., Muriithi, Moses K, Muthupandian, S., Myint, C-Y, Naderi, M., Nagarajan, A.J., Nguyen, C.T., Nguyen, H.L.T., Nonvignon, J., Noubiap, J.J., Oh, I-H, Olagunju, A.T., Olusanya, J.O., Olusanya, B.O., Omar Bali, A., Onwujekwe, O.E., Otstavnov, S.S., Otstavnov, N., Owolabi, M.O., Padubidri, J.R., Palladino, R., Panda-Jonas, S., Pandey, A., Postma, M.J., Prada, S.I., Pribadi, D.R.A., Rabiee, M., Rabiee, N., Rahim, F., Ranabhat, C.L., Rao, S.J., Rathi, P., Rawaf, S., Rawaf, D.L., Rawal, L., Rawassizadeh, R., Rezapour, A., Sabour, S., Sahraian, M.A., Salman, O.M., Salomon, J.A., Samy, A.M., Sanabria, J., Santos, J.V., Santric Milicevic, M.M., Sao Jose, B.P., Savic, M., Schwendicke, F., Senthilkumaran, S., Sepanlou, S.G., Serván-Mori, E., Setayesh, H., Shaikh, M.A., Sheikh, A., Shibuya, K., Shrime, M.G., Simonetti, B., Singh, J.A., Singh, P., Skryabin, V.Y., Soheili, A., Soltani, S., Ștefan, S.C., Tabarés-Seisdedos, R., Topor-Madry, R., Tovani-Palone, M.R., Tran, B.X., Travillian, R., Undurraga, E.A., Valdez, P.R., van Boven, J.F.M., Vasankari, T.J., Violante, F.S., Vlassov, V., Vos, T., Wolfe, C.D.A., Wu, J., Yaya, S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V., Yip, P., Yonemoto, N., Younis, M.Z., Yu, C., Zaidi, Z., Zaman, S.B., Zastrozhin, M.S., Zhang, Z-J, Zhao, Y., Murray, C.J.L., and Dieleman, J.L.

Abstract

Background: Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3 aims to “ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages”. While a substantial effort has been made to quantify progress towards SDG3, less research has focused on tracking spending towards this goal. We used spending estimates to measure progress in financing the priority areas of SDG3, examine the association between outcomes and financing, and identify where resource gains are most needed to achieve the SDG3 indicators for which data are available. Methods: We estimated domestic health spending, disaggregated by source (government, out-of-pocket, and prepaid private) from 1995 to 2017 for 195 countries and territories. For disease-specific health spending, we estimated spending for HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis for 135 low-income and middle-income countries, and malaria in 106 malaria-endemic countries, from 2000 to 2017. We also estimated development assistance for health (DAH) from 1990 to 2019, by source, disbursing development agency, recipient, and health focus area, including DAH for pandemic preparedness. Finally, we estimated future health spending for 195 countries and territories from 2018 until 2030. We report all spending estimates in inflation-adjusted 2019 US$, unless otherwise stated. Findings: Since the development and implementation of the SDGs in 2015, global health spending has increased, reaching $7·9 trillion (95% uncertainty interval 7·8–8·0) in 2017 and is expected to increase to $11·0 trillion (10·7–11·2) by 2030. In 2017, in low-income and middle-income countries spending on HIV/AIDS was $20·2 billion (17·0–25·0) and on tuberculosis it was $10·9 billion (10·3–11·8), and in malaria-endemic countries spending on malaria was $5·1 billion (4·9–5·4). Development assistance for health was $40·6 billion in 2019 and HIV/AIDS has been the health focus area to receive the highest contribution since 2004. In 2019, $374 million of DAH was provided for pandemic preparedness, less than 1% of

Published
2020

41. The genetic architecture of the human cerebral cortex

Author

Grasby, K.L., Jahanshad, N., Painter, J.N., Colodro-Conde, L., Bralten, J., Hibar, D.P., Lind, P.A., Pizzagalli, F., Ching, C.R.K., McMahon, M.A.B., Shatokhina, N., Zsembik, L.C.P., Thomopoulos, S.I., Zhu, A.H., Strike, L.T., Agartz, I., Alhusaini, S., Almeida, M.A.A., Alnæs, D., Amlien, I.K., Andersson, M., Ard, T., Armstrong, N.J., Ashley-Koch, A., Atkins, J.R., Bernard, M., Brouwer, R.M., Buimer, E.E.L., Bülow, R., Bürger, C., Cannon, D.M., Chakravarty, M.M., Chen, Q., Cheung, J.W., Couvy-Duchesne, B., Dale, A.M., Dalvie, S., de Araujo, T.K., de Zubicaray, G.I., de Zwarte, S.M.C., den Braber, A., Doan, N.T., Dohm, K., Ehrlich, S., Engelbrecht, H-R, Erk, S., Fan, C.C., Fedko, I.O., Foley, S.F., Ford, J.M., Fukunaga, M., Garrett, M.E., Ge, T., Giddaluru, S., Goldman, A.L., Green, M.J., Groenewold, N.A., Grotegerd, D., Gurholt, T.P., Gutman, B.A., Hansell, N.K., Harris, M.A., Harrison, M.B., Haswell, C.C., Hauser, M., Herms, S., Heslenfeld, D.J., Ho, N.F., Hoehn, D., Hoffmann, P., Holleran, L., Hoogman, M., Hottenga, J-J, Ikeda, M., Janowitz, D., Jansen, I.E., Jia, T., Jockwitz, C., Kanai, R., Karama, S., Kasperaviciute, D., Kaufmann, T., Kelly, S., Kikuchi, M., Klein, M., Knapp, M., Knodt, A.R., Krämer, B., Lam, M., Lancaster, T.M., Lee, P.H., Lett, T.A., Lewis, L.B., Lopes-Cendes, I., Luciano, M., Macciardi, F., Marquand, A.F., Mathias, S.R., Melzer, T.R., Milaneschi, Y., Mirza-Schreiber, N., Moreira, J.C.V., Mühleisen, T.W., Müller-Myhsok, B., Najt, P., Nakahara, S., Nho, K., Olde Loohuis, L.M., Orfanos, D.P., Pearson, J.F., Pitcher, T.L., Pütz, B., Quidé, Y., Ragothaman, A., Rashid, F.M., Reay, W.R., Redlich, R., Reinbold, C.S., Repple, J., Richard, G., Riedel, B.C., Risacher, S.L., Rocha, C.S., Mota, N.R., Salminen, L., Saremi, A., Saykin, A.J., Schlag, F., Schmaal, L., Schofield, P.R., Secolin, R., Shapland, C.Y., Shen, L., Shin, J., Shumskaya, E., Sønderby, I.E., Sprooten, E., Tansey, K.E., Teumer, A., Thalamuthu, A., Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D., Turner, J.A., Uhlmann, A., Vallerga, C.L., van der Meer, D., van Donkelaar, M.M.J., van Eijk, L., Van Erp, T.G.M., van Haren, N.E.M., Van Rooij, D., van Tol, M-J, Veldink, J.H., Verhoef, E., Walton, E., Wang, M., Wang, Y., Wardlaw, J.M., Wen, W., Westlye, L.T., Whelan, C.D., Witt, S.H., Wittfeld, K., Wolf, C., Wolfers, T., Wu, J.Q., Yasuda, C.L., Zaremba, D., Zhang, Z., Zwiers, M.P., Artiges, E., Assareh, A.A., Ayesa-Arriola, R., Belger, A., Brandt, C.L., Brown, G.G., Cichon, S., Curran, J.E., Davies, G.E., Degenhardt, F., Dennis, M.F., Dietsche, B., Djurovic, S., Doherty, C.P., Espiritu, R., Garijo, D., Gil, Y., Gowland, P.A., Green, R.C., Häusler, A.N., Heindel, W., Ho, B-C., Hoffmann, W.U., Holsboer, F., Homuth, G., Hosten, N., Jack, C.R., Jang, M., Jansen, A., Kimbrel, N.A., Kolskår, K., Koops, S., Krug, A., Lim, K.O., Luykx, J.J., Mathalon, D.H., Mather, K.A., Mattay, V.S., Matthews, S., Mayoral Van Son, J., McEwen, S.C., Melle, I., Morris, D.W., Mueller, B.A., Nauck, M., Nordvik, J.E., Nöthen, M.M., O’Leary, D.S., Opel, N., Martinot, M-L.P., Pike, G.B., Preda, A., Quinlan, E.B., Rasser, P.E., Ratnakar, V., Reppermund, S., Steen, V.M., Tooney, P.A., Torres, F.R., Veltman, D.J., Voyvodic, J.T., Whelan, R., White, T., Yamamori, H., Adams, H.H.H., Bis, J.C., Debette, S., DeCarli, C., Fornage, M., Gudnason, V., Hofer, E., Ikram, M.A., Launer, L., Longstreth, W.T., Lopez, O.L., Mazoyer, B., Mosley, T.H., Roshchupkin, G.V., Satizabal, C.L., Schmidt, R., Seshadri, S., Yang, Q., Alvim, M.K.M., Ames, D., Anderson, T.J., Andreassen, O.A., Arias-Vasquez, A., Bastin, M.E., Baune, B.T., Beckham, J.C., Blangero, J., Boomsma, D.I., Brodaty, H., Brunner, H.G., Buckner, R.L., Buitelaar, J.K., Bustillo, J.R., Cahn, W., Cairns, M.J., Calhoun, V., Carr, V.J., Caseras, X., Caspers, S., Cavalleri, G.L., Cendes, F., Corvin, A., Crespo-Facorro, B., Dalrymple-Alford, J.C., Dannlowski, U., de Geus, E.J.C., Deary, I.J., Delanty, N., Depondt, C., Desrivières, S., Donohoe, G., Espeseth, T., Fernández, G., Fisher, S.E., Flor, H., Forstner, A.J., Francks, C., Franke, B., Glahn, D.C., Gollub, R.L., Grabe, H.J., Gruber, O., Håberg, A.K., Hariri, A.R., Hartman, C.A., Hashimoto, R., Heinz, A., Henskens, F.A., Hillegers, M.H.J., Hoekstra, P.J., Holmes, A.J., Hong, L.E., Hopkins, W.D., Hulshoff Pol, H.E., Jernigan, T.L., Jönsson, E.G., Kahn, R.S., Kennedy, M.A., Kircher, T.T.J., Kochunov, P., Kwok, J.B.J., Le Hellard, S., Loughland, C.M., Martin, N.G., Martinot, J-L, McDonald, C., McMahon, K.L., Meyer-Lindenberg, A., Michie, P.T., Morey, R.A., Mowry, B., Nyberg, L., Oosterlaan, J., Ophoff, R.A., Pantelis, C., Paus, T., Pausova, Z., Penninx, B.W.J.H., Polderman, T.J.C., Posthuma, D., Rietschel, M., Roffman, J.L., Rowland, L.M., Sachdev, P.S., Sämann, P.G., Schall, U., Schumann, G., Scott, R.J., Sim, K., Sisodiya, S.M., Smoller, J.W., Sommer, I.E., St Pourcain, B., Stein, D.J., Toga, A.W., Trollor, J.N., van der Wee, N.J.A., van ’t Ent, D., Völzke, H., Walter, H., Weber, B., Weinberger, D.R., Wright, M.J., Zhou, J., Stein, J.L., Thompson, P.M., Medland, S.E., Grasby, K.L., Jahanshad, N., Painter, J.N., Colodro-Conde, L., Bralten, J., Hibar, D.P., Lind, P.A., Pizzagalli, F., Ching, C.R.K., McMahon, M.A.B., Shatokhina, N., Zsembik, L.C.P., Thomopoulos, S.I., Zhu, A.H., Strike, L.T., Agartz, I., Alhusaini, S., Almeida, M.A.A., Alnæs, D., Amlien, I.K., Andersson, M., Ard, T., Armstrong, N.J., Ashley-Koch, A., Atkins, J.R., Bernard, M., Brouwer, R.M., Buimer, E.E.L., Bülow, R., Bürger, C., Cannon, D.M., Chakravarty, M.M., Chen, Q., Cheung, J.W., Couvy-Duchesne, B., Dale, A.M., Dalvie, S., de Araujo, T.K., de Zubicaray, G.I., de Zwarte, S.M.C., den Braber, A., Doan, N.T., Dohm, K., Ehrlich, S., Engelbrecht, H-R, Erk, S., Fan, C.C., Fedko, I.O., Foley, S.F., Ford, J.M., Fukunaga, M., Garrett, M.E., Ge, T., Giddaluru, S., Goldman, A.L., Green, M.J., Groenewold, N.A., Grotegerd, D., Gurholt, T.P., Gutman, B.A., Hansell, N.K., Harris, M.A., Harrison, M.B., Haswell, C.C., Hauser, M., Herms, S., Heslenfeld, D.J., Ho, N.F., Hoehn, D., Hoffmann, P., Holleran, L., Hoogman, M., Hottenga, J-J, Ikeda, M., Janowitz, D., Jansen, I.E., Jia, T., Jockwitz, C., Kanai, R., Karama, S., Kasperaviciute, D., Kaufmann, T., Kelly, S., Kikuchi, M., Klein, M., Knapp, M., Knodt, A.R., Krämer, B., Lam, M., Lancaster, T.M., Lee, P.H., Lett, T.A., Lewis, L.B., Lopes-Cendes, I., Luciano, M., Macciardi, F., Marquand, A.F., Mathias, S.R., Melzer, T.R., Milaneschi, Y., Mirza-Schreiber, N., Moreira, J.C.V., Mühleisen, T.W., Müller-Myhsok, B., Najt, P., Nakahara, S., Nho, K., Olde Loohuis, L.M., Orfanos, D.P., Pearson, J.F., Pitcher, T.L., Pütz, B., Quidé, Y., Ragothaman, A., Rashid, F.M., Reay, W.R., Redlich, R., Reinbold, C.S., Repple, J., Richard, G., Riedel, B.C., Risacher, S.L., Rocha, C.S., Mota, N.R., Salminen, L., Saremi, A., Saykin, A.J., Schlag, F., Schmaal, L., Schofield, P.R., Secolin, R., Shapland, C.Y., Shen, L., Shin, J., Shumskaya, E., Sønderby, I.E., Sprooten, E., Tansey, K.E., Teumer, A., Thalamuthu, A., Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D., Turner, J.A., Uhlmann, A., Vallerga, C.L., van der Meer, D., van Donkelaar, M.M.J., van Eijk, L., Van Erp, T.G.M., van Haren, N.E.M., Van Rooij, D., van Tol, M-J, Veldink, J.H., Verhoef, E., Walton, E., Wang, M., Wang, Y., Wardlaw, J.M., Wen, W., Westlye, L.T., Whelan, C.D., Witt, S.H., Wittfeld, K., Wolf, C., Wolfers, T., Wu, J.Q., Yasuda, C.L., Zaremba, D., Zhang, Z., Zwiers, M.P., Artiges, E., Assareh, A.A., Ayesa-Arriola, R., Belger, A., Brandt, C.L., Brown, G.G., Cichon, S., Curran, J.E., Davies, G.E., Degenhardt, F., Dennis, M.F., Dietsche, B., Djurovic, S., Doherty, C.P., Espiritu, R., Garijo, D., Gil, Y., Gowland, P.A., Green, R.C., Häusler, A.N., Heindel, W., Ho, B-C., Hoffmann, W.U., Holsboer, F., Homuth, G., Hosten, N., Jack, C.R., Jang, M., Jansen, A., Kimbrel, N.A., Kolskår, K., Koops, S., Krug, A., Lim, K.O., Luykx, J.J., Mathalon, D.H., Mather, K.A., Mattay, V.S., Matthews, S., Mayoral Van Son, J., McEwen, S.C., Melle, I., Morris, D.W., Mueller, B.A., Nauck, M., Nordvik, J.E., Nöthen, M.M., O’Leary, D.S., Opel, N., Martinot, M-L.P., Pike, G.B., Preda, A., Quinlan, E.B., Rasser, P.E., Ratnakar, V., Reppermund, S., Steen, V.M., Tooney, P.A., Torres, F.R., Veltman, D.J., Voyvodic, J.T., Whelan, R., White, T., Yamamori, H., Adams, H.H.H., Bis, J.C., Debette, S., DeCarli, C., Fornage, M., Gudnason, V., Hofer, E., Ikram, M.A., Launer, L., Longstreth, W.T., Lopez, O.L., Mazoyer, B., Mosley, T.H., Roshchupkin, G.V., Satizabal, C.L., Schmidt, R., Seshadri, S., Yang, Q., Alvim, M.K.M., Ames, D., Anderson, T.J., Andreassen, O.A., Arias-Vasquez, A., Bastin, M.E., Baune, B.T., Beckham, J.C., Blangero, J., Boomsma, D.I., Brodaty, H., Brunner, H.G., Buckner, R.L., Buitelaar, J.K., Bustillo, J.R., Cahn, W., Cairns, M.J., Calhoun, V., Carr, V.J., Caseras, X., Caspers, S., Cavalleri, G.L., Cendes, F., Corvin, A., Crespo-Facorro, B., Dalrymple-Alford, J.C., Dannlowski, U., de Geus, E.J.C., Deary, I.J., Delanty, N., Depondt, C., Desrivières, S., Donohoe, G., Espeseth, T., Fernández, G., Fisher, S.E., Flor, H., Forstner, A.J., Francks, C., Franke, B., Glahn, D.C., Gollub, R.L., Grabe, H.J., Gruber, O., Håberg, A.K., Hariri, A.R., Hartman, C.A., Hashimoto, R., Heinz, A., Henskens, F.A., Hillegers, M.H.J., Hoekstra, P.J., Holmes, A.J., Hong, L.E., Hopkins, W.D., Hulshoff Pol, H.E., Jernigan, T.L., Jönsson, E.G., Kahn, R.S., Kennedy, M.A., Kircher, T.T.J., Kochunov, P., Kwok, J.B.J., Le Hellard, S., Loughland, C.M., Martin, N.G., Martinot, J-L, McDonald, C., McMahon, K.L., Meyer-Lindenberg, A., Michie, P.T., Morey, R.A., Mowry, B., Nyberg, L., Oosterlaan, J., Ophoff, R.A., Pantelis, C., Paus, T., Pausova, Z., Penninx, B.W.J.H., Polderman, T.J.C., Posthuma, D., Rietschel, M., Roffman, J.L., Rowland, L.M., Sachdev, P.S., Sämann, P.G., Schall, U., Schumann, G., Scott, R.J., Sim, K., Sisodiya, S.M., Smoller, J.W., Sommer, I.E., St Pourcain, B., Stein, D.J., Toga, A.W., Trollor, J.N., van der Wee, N.J.A., van ’t Ent, D., Völzke, H., Walter, H., Weber, B., Weinberger, D.R., Wright, M.J., Zhou, J., Stein, J.L., Thompson, P.M., and Medland, S.E.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION The cerebral cortex underlies our complex cognitive capabilities. Variations in human cortical surface area and thickness are associated with neurological, psychological, and behavioral traits and can be measured in vivo by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Studies in model organisms have identified genes that influence cortical structure, but little is known about common genetic variants that affect human cortical structure. RATIONALE To identify genetic variants associated with human cortical structure at both global and regional levels, we conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of brain MRI data from 51,665 individuals across 60 cohorts. We analyzed the surface area and average thickness of the whole cortex and 34 cortical regions with known functional specializations. RESULTS We identified 306 nominally genome-wide significant loci (P < 5 × 10−8) associated with cortical structure in a discovery sample of 33,992 participants of European ancestry. Of the 299 loci for which replication data were available, 241 loci influencing surface area and 14 influencing thickness remained significant after replication, with 199 loci passing multiple testing correction (P < 8.3 × 10−10; 187 influencing surface area and 12 influencing thickness). Common genetic variants explained 34% (SE = 3%) of the variation in total surface area and 26% (SE = 2%) in average thickness; surface area and thickness showed a negative genetic correlation (rG = −0.32, SE = 0.05, P = 6.5 × 10−12), which suggests that genetic influences have opposing effects on surface area and thickness. Bioinformatic analyses showed that total surface area is influenced by genetic variants that alter gene regulatory activity in neural progenitor cells during fetal development. By contrast, average thickness is influenced by active regulatory elements in adult brain samples, which may reflect processes that occur after mid-fetal development, such as myelination, branching, or pruning. When co

Published
2020

42. ENIGMA and global neuroscience: A decade of large-scale studies of the brain in health and disease across more than 40 countries

Author

Thompson, P.M. (Paul), Jahanshad, N. (Neda), Ching, C.R.K. (Christopher), Salminen, L.E. (Lauren E.), Thomopoulos, S.I. (Sophia I.), Bright, J. (Joanna), Baune, B.T., Bertolín, S. (Sara), Bralten, L.B.C. (Linda), Bruin, W.B. (Willem B.), Bülow, R. (Robin), Chen, J. (Jian), Chye, Y. (Yann), Dannlowski, U. (Udo), de Kovel, C.G.F. (Carolien G F), Donohoe, D.J. (Dennis), Eyler, L.T. (Lisa T.), Faraone, S.V. (Stephen), Favre, P. (Pauline), Filippi, C.A. (Courtney A.), Frodl, T. (Thomas), Garijo, D. (Daniel), Gil, Y. (Yolanda), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Grasby, K.L. (Katrina L.), Hajek, T. (Tomas), Han, L.K.M. (Laura K M), Hatton, W., Hilbert, K. (Kevin), Ho, T.C. (Tiffany C.), Holleran, L. (Laurena), Homuth, G. (Georg), Hosten, N. (Norbert), Houenou, J. (Josselin), Ivanov, I. (Iliyan), Jia, T. (Tianye), Kelly, S. (Sinead), Klein, M. (Marieke), Kwon, J.S. (Jun Soo), Laansma, M.A. (Max A.), Leerssen, J. (Jeanne), Lueken, U. (Ulrike), Nunes, A. (Abraham), Neill, J.O. (Joseph O'), Opel, N. (Nils), Piras, F. (Fabrizio), Piras, F. (Federica), Postema, M.C. (Merel C.), Pozzi, E. (Elena), Shatokhina, N. (Natalia), Soriano-Mas, C. (Carles), Spalletta, G. (Gianfranco), Sun, D. (Daqiang), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Tilot, A.K. (Amanda K.), Tozzi, L. (Leonardo), van der Merwe, C. (Celia), Someren, E.J.W. (Eus) van, van Wingen, G.A. (Guido A.), Völzke, H. (Henry), Walton, E. (Esther), Wang, L. (Lei), Winkler, A.M. (Anderson), Wittfeld, K. (Katharina), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Yun, J.-Y. (Je-Yeon), Zhang, G. (Guohao), Zhang-James, Y. (Yanli), Adhikari, B.M. (Bhim M.), Agartz, I. (Ingrid), Aghajani, M. (Moji), Aleman, A. (André), Althoff, R.R. (Robert R.), Altmann, A. (A.), Andreassen, O.A. (Ole), Baron, D.A. (David A.), Bartnik-Olson, B.L. (Brenda L.), Marie Bas-Hoogendam, J. (Janna), Baskin-Sommers, A.R. (Arielle R.), Bearden, C.E. (Carrie), Berner, L.A. (Laura A.), Boedhoe, P.S.W. (Premika S W), Brouwer, R.M. (Rachel), Buitelaar, J.K. (Jan), Caeyenberghs, K. (Karen), Cecil, C.A.M. (Charlotte), Cohen, R.A. (Ronald A.), Cole, J.H. (James H.), Conrod, P. (Patricia), De Brito, S.A. (Stephane A.), de Zwarte, S.M.C. (Sonja M C), Dennis, E.L. (Emily L.), Desrivieres, S. (Sylvane), Dima, D. (Danai), Ehrlich, S.M. (Stefan), Esopenko, C. (Carrie), Fairchild, G. (Graeme), Fisher, S.E. (Simon), Fouche, J.-P. (Jean-Paul), Francks, C. (Clyde), Frangou, S. (Sophia), Franke, B. (Barbara), Garavan, H.P. (Hugh P.), Glahn, D.C. (David), Groenewold, N.A. (Nynke A.), Gurholt, T.P. (Tiril P.), Gutman, B.A. (Boris A.), Hahn, T. (Tim), Harding, I.H. (Ian H.), Hernaus, D. (Dennis), Hibar, D.P. (Derrek P.), Hillary, F.G. (Frank G.), Hoogman, M. (Martine), Hulshoff Pol, H.E. (Hilleke E.), Jalbrzikowski, M. (Maria), Karkashadze, G.A. (George A.), Klapwijk, E.T. (Eduard T.), Knickmeyer, R.C. (Rebecca C.), Kochunov, P. (Peter), Koerte, I.K. (Inga K.), Kong, X.-Z. (Xiang-Zhen), Liew, S.-L. (Sook-Lei), Lin, A.P. (Alexander P.), Logue, M.W. (Mark W.), Luders, E. (Eileen), Macciardi, F. (Fabio), Mackey, S. (Scott), Mayer, A.R. (Andrew R.), McDonald, C.R. (Carrie R.), McMahon, A.B. (Agnes B.), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Modinos, G. (Gemma), Morey, R.A. (Rajendra A.), Mueller, S.C. (Sven C.), Mukherjee, P. (Pratik), Namazova-Baranova, L. (L.), Nir, T.M. (Talia M.), Olsen, A. (Alexander), Paschou, P. (Peristera), Pine, D.S. (Daniel S.), Pizzagalli, F. (Fabrizio), Rentería, M.E. (Miguel), Rohrer, J.D. (Jonathan D.), Sämann, P.G. (Philipp), Schmaal, L. (Lianne), Schumann, G. (Gunter), Shiroishi, M.S. (Mark S.), Sisodiya, S.M. (Sanjay), Smit, D.J.A. (Dirk J A), Sønderby, I.E. (Ida E.), Stein, D.J. (Dan J.), Stein, J.L., Tahmasian, M. (Masoud), Tate, D.F. (David F.), Turner, J. (Jessica), Heuvel, O.A. (Odile A.), Wee, N.J. (Nic) van der, van der Werf, Y.D. (Ysbrand), Erp, T.G.M. (Theo G.) van, van Haren, N.E.M. (Neeltje E M), van Rooij, D. (Daan), Van Velzen, L.S., Veer, I.M. (Ilya), Veltman, D.J. (Dick), Villalon-Reina, J.E. (Julio E.), Walter, H.J. (Henrik), Whelan, C.D. (Christopher), Wilde, E.A. (Elisabeth A.), Zarei, M. (Mojtaba), Zelman, V. (Vladimir), Thompson, P.M. (Paul), Jahanshad, N. (Neda), Ching, C.R.K. (Christopher), Salminen, L.E. (Lauren E.), Thomopoulos, S.I. (Sophia I.), Bright, J. (Joanna), Baune, B.T., Bertolín, S. (Sara), Bralten, L.B.C. (Linda), Bruin, W.B. (Willem B.), Bülow, R. (Robin), Chen, J. (Jian), Chye, Y. (Yann), Dannlowski, U. (Udo), de Kovel, C.G.F. (Carolien G F), Donohoe, D.J. (Dennis), Eyler, L.T. (Lisa T.), Faraone, S.V. (Stephen), Favre, P. (Pauline), Filippi, C.A. (Courtney A.), Frodl, T. (Thomas), Garijo, D. (Daniel), Gil, Y. (Yolanda), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Grasby, K.L. (Katrina L.), Hajek, T. (Tomas), Han, L.K.M. (Laura K M), Hatton, W., Hilbert, K. (Kevin), Ho, T.C. (Tiffany C.), Holleran, L. (Laurena), Homuth, G. (Georg), Hosten, N. (Norbert), Houenou, J. (Josselin), Ivanov, I. (Iliyan), Jia, T. (Tianye), Kelly, S. (Sinead), Klein, M. (Marieke), Kwon, J.S. (Jun Soo), Laansma, M.A. (Max A.), Leerssen, J. (Jeanne), Lueken, U. (Ulrike), Nunes, A. (Abraham), Neill, J.O. (Joseph O'), Opel, N. (Nils), Piras, F. (Fabrizio), Piras, F. (Federica), Postema, M.C. (Merel C.), Pozzi, E. (Elena), Shatokhina, N. (Natalia), Soriano-Mas, C. (Carles), Spalletta, G. (Gianfranco), Sun, D. (Daqiang), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Tilot, A.K. (Amanda K.), Tozzi, L. (Leonardo), van der Merwe, C. (Celia), Someren, E.J.W. (Eus) van, van Wingen, G.A. (Guido A.), Völzke, H. (Henry), Walton, E. (Esther), Wang, L. (Lei), Winkler, A.M. (Anderson), Wittfeld, K. (Katharina), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Yun, J.-Y. (Je-Yeon), Zhang, G. (Guohao), Zhang-James, Y. (Yanli), Adhikari, B.M. (Bhim M.), Agartz, I. (Ingrid), Aghajani, M. (Moji), Aleman, A. (André), Althoff, R.R. (Robert R.), Altmann, A. (A.), Andreassen, O.A. (Ole), Baron, D.A. (David A.), Bartnik-Olson, B.L. (Brenda L.), Marie Bas-Hoogendam, J. (Janna), Baskin-Sommers, A.R. (Arielle R.), Bearden, C.E. (Carrie), Berner, L.A. (Laura A.), Boedhoe, P.S.W. (Premika S W), Brouwer, R.M. (Rachel), Buitelaar, J.K. (Jan), Caeyenberghs, K. (Karen), Cecil, C.A.M. (Charlotte), Cohen, R.A. (Ronald A.), Cole, J.H. (James H.), Conrod, P. (Patricia), De Brito, S.A. (Stephane A.), de Zwarte, S.M.C. (Sonja M C), Dennis, E.L. (Emily L.), Desrivieres, S. (Sylvane), Dima, D. (Danai), Ehrlich, S.M. (Stefan), Esopenko, C. (Carrie), Fairchild, G. (Graeme), Fisher, S.E. (Simon), Fouche, J.-P. (Jean-Paul), Francks, C. (Clyde), Frangou, S. (Sophia), Franke, B. (Barbara), Garavan, H.P. (Hugh P.), Glahn, D.C. (David), Groenewold, N.A. (Nynke A.), Gurholt, T.P. (Tiril P.), Gutman, B.A. (Boris A.), Hahn, T. (Tim), Harding, I.H. (Ian H.), Hernaus, D. (Dennis), Hibar, D.P. (Derrek P.), Hillary, F.G. (Frank G.), Hoogman, M. (Martine), Hulshoff Pol, H.E. (Hilleke E.), Jalbrzikowski, M. (Maria), Karkashadze, G.A. (George A.), Klapwijk, E.T. (Eduard T.), Knickmeyer, R.C. (Rebecca C.), Kochunov, P. (Peter), Koerte, I.K. (Inga K.), Kong, X.-Z. (Xiang-Zhen), Liew, S.-L. (Sook-Lei), Lin, A.P. (Alexander P.), Logue, M.W. (Mark W.), Luders, E. (Eileen), Macciardi, F. (Fabio), Mackey, S. (Scott), Mayer, A.R. (Andrew R.), McDonald, C.R. (Carrie R.), McMahon, A.B. (Agnes B.), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Modinos, G. (Gemma), Morey, R.A. (Rajendra A.), Mueller, S.C. (Sven C.), Mukherjee, P. (Pratik), Namazova-Baranova, L. (L.), Nir, T.M. (Talia M.), Olsen, A. (Alexander), Paschou, P. (Peristera), Pine, D.S. (Daniel S.), Pizzagalli, F. (Fabrizio), Rentería, M.E. (Miguel), Rohrer, J.D. (Jonathan D.), Sämann, P.G. (Philipp), Schmaal, L. (Lianne), Schumann, G. (Gunter), Shiroishi, M.S. (Mark S.), Sisodiya, S.M. (Sanjay), Smit, D.J.A. (Dirk J A), Sønderby, I.E. (Ida E.), Stein, D.J. (Dan J.), Stein, J.L., Tahmasian, M. (Masoud), Tate, D.F. (David F.), Turner, J. (Jessica), Heuvel, O.A. (Odile A.), Wee, N.J. (Nic) van der, van der Werf, Y.D. (Ysbrand), Erp, T.G.M. (Theo G.) van, van Haren, N.E.M. (Neeltje E M), van Rooij, D. (Daan), Van Velzen, L.S., Veer, I.M. (Ilya), Veltman, D.J. (Dick), Villalon-Reina, J.E. (Julio E.), Walter, H.J. (Henrik), Whelan, C.D. (Christopher), Wilde, E.A. (Elisabeth A.), Zarei, M. (Mojtaba), and Zelman, V. (Vladimir)

Abstract

This review summarizes the last decade of work by the ENIGMA (Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta Analysis) Consortium, a global alliance of over 1400 scientists across 43 countries, studying the human brain in health and disease. Building on large-scale genetic studies that discovered the first robustly replicated genetic loci associated with brain metrics, ENIGMA has diversified into over 50 working groups (WGs), pooling worldwide data and expertise to answer fundamental questions in neuroscience, psychiatry, neurology, and genetics. Most ENIGMA WGs focus on specific psychiatric and neurological conditions, other WGs study normal variation due to sex and gender differences, or development and aging; still other WGs develop methodological pipelines and tools to facilitate harmonized analyses of "big data" (i.e., genetic and epigenetic data, multimodal MRI, and electroencephalography data). These international efforts have yielded the largest neuroimaging studies to date in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance use disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, epilepsy, and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. More recent ENIGMA WGs have formed to study anxiety disorders, suicidal thoughts and behavior, sleep and insomnia, eating disorders, irritability, brain injury, antisocial personality and conduct disorder, and dissociative identity disorder. Here, we summarize the first decade of ENIGMA's activities and ongoing projects, and describe the successes and challenges encountered along the way. We highlight the advantages of collaborative large-scale coordinated data analyses for testing reproducibility and robustness of findings, offering the opportunity to identify brain systems involved in clinical syndromes across diverse samples and associated genetic, environmental, demographic, cognitive, and psychosocial factors.

Published
2020
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45. P.3.14 Brain structural correlates of insomnia severity in major depressive disorder: Results from the ENIGMA-MDD consortium

Author

Leerssen, J., Blanken, T.F., Pozzi, E., Jahanshad, N., Aftanas, L., Baune, B.T., Dannlowski, U., Frodl, T., Godlewska, B.R., Gotlib, I.H., Grotegerd, D., Gruber, O., Hatton, S.N., Hickie, I.B., Irungu, B., Jaworska, N., Kircher, T., Krug, A., Lagopoulos, J., Li, M., MacMaster, F.P., McIntosh, A.M., Osipov, E., Portella, M.J., Sacchet, M.D., Saemann, P.G., Simulionyte, E., Soares, J.C., Walter, M., Whalley, H., Veltman, D., Thompson, P.M., Schmaal, L., and Van Someren, E.J.W.

Published
2019
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47. P.328 Replication of effects of cumulative illness severity on hippocampal gray matter volume in the FOR2107 cohort

Author

Lemke, H., primary, Förster, K., additional, Waltemate, L., additional, Meinert, S., additional, Stein, F., additional, Brosch, K., additional, Fingas, S., additional, Romankiewicz, L., additional, Grotegerd, D., additional, Redlich, R., additional, Koch, K., additional, Leehr, E., additional, Böhnlein, J., additional, Goltermann, J., additional, Winter, N., additional, Enneking, V., additional, Opel, N., additional, Emden, D., additional, Repple, J., additional, Leenings, R., additional, Kaehler, C., additional, Hahn, T., additional, Schmitt, S., additional, Meller, T., additional, Jansen, A., additional, Krug, A., additional, Kircher, T., additional, Nenadic, I., additional, Baune, B.T., additional, and Dannlowski, U., additional

Published
2020
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48. Identification of common genetic risk variants for autism spectrum disorder

Author

Grove, J., Ripke, S., Als, T.D., Mattheisen, M., Walters, R.K., Won, H., Pallesen, J., Agerbo, E., Andreassen, O.A., Anney, R., Awashti, S., Belliveau, R., Bettella, F., Buxbaum, J.D., Bybjerg-Grauholm, J., Baekvad-Hansen, M., Cerrato, F., Chambert, K., Christensen, J.H., Churchhouse, C., Dellenvall, K., Demontis, D., Rubeis, S. de, Devlin, B., Djurovic, S., Dumont, A.L., Goldstein, J.I., Hansen, C.S., Hauberg, M.E., Hollegaard, M.V., Hope, S., Howrigan, D.P., Huang, H., Hultman, C.M., Klei, L., Maller, J., Martin, J., Martin, A.R., Moran, J.L., Nyegaard, M., Naeland, T., Palmer, D.S., Palotie, A., Pedersen, C.B., Pedersen, M.G., dPoterba, T., Poulsen, J.B., St Pourcain, B., Qvist, P., Rehnstrom, K., Reichenberg, A., Reichert, J., Robinson, E.B., Roeder, K., Roussos, P., Saemundsen, E., Sandin, S., Satterstrom, F.K., Smith, G.D., Stefansson, H., Steinberg, S., Stevens, C.R., Sullivan, P.F., Turley, P., Walters, G.B., Xu, X.Y., Stefansson, K., Geschwind, D.H., Nordentoft, M., Hougaard, D.M., Werge, T., Mors, O., Mortensen, P.B., Neale, B.M., Daly, M.J., Borglum, A.D., Wray, N.R., Trzaskowski, M., Byrne, E.M., Abdellaoui, A., Adams, M.J., Air, T.M., Andlauer, T.F.M., Bacanu, S.A., Beekman, A.T.F., Bigdeli, T.B., Binder, E.B., Blackwood, D.H.R., Bryois, J., Buttenschon, H.N., Cai, N., Castelao, E., Clarke, T.K., Coleman, J.R.I., Colodro-Conde, L., Couvy-Duchesne, B., Craddock, N., Crawford, G.E., Davies, G., Deary, I.J., Degenhardt, F., Derks, E.M., Direk, N., Dolan, C.V., Dunn, E.C., Eley, T.C., Escott-Price, V., Kiadeh, F.F.H., Finucane, H.K., Forstner, A.J., Frank, J., Gaspar, H.A., Gill, M., Goes, F.S., Gordon, S.D., Hall, L.S., Hansen, T.F., Herms, S., Hickie, I.B., Hoffmann, P., Homuth, G., Horn, C., Hottenga, J.J., Ising, M., Jansen, R., Jorgenson, E., Knowles, J.A., Kohane, I.S., Kraft, J., Kretzschmar, W.W., Krogh, J., Kutalik, Z., Li, Y., Lind, P.A., MacIntyre, D.J., MacKinnon, D.F., Maier, R.M., Maier, W., Marchini, J., Mbarek, H., McGrath, P., McGuffin, P., Medland, S.E., Mehta, D., Middeldorp, C.M., Mihailov, E., Milaneschi, Y., Milani, L., Mondimore, F.M., Montgomery, G.W., Mostafavi, S., Mullins, N., Nauck, M., Ng, B., Nivard, M.G., Nyholt, D.R., O'Reilly, P.F., Oskarsson, H., Owen, M.J., Painter, J.N., Peterson, R.E., Pettersson, E., Peyrot, W.J., Pistis, G., Posthuma, D., Quiroz, J.A., Rice, J.P., Riley, B.P., Rivera, M., Mirza, S.S., Schoevers, R., Schulte, E.C., Shen, L., Shi, J.X., Shyn, S.I., Sigurdsson, E., Sinnamon, G.C.B., Smit, J.H., Smith, D.J., Streit, F., Strohmaier, J., Tansey, K.E., Teismann, H., Teumer, A., Thompson, W., Thomson, P.A., Thorgeirsson, T.E., Traylor, M., Treutlein, J., Trubetskoy, V., Uitterlinden, A.G., Umbricht, D., Auwera, S. van der, Hemert, A.M. van, Viktorin, A., Visscher, P.M., Wang, Y.P., Webb, B.T., Weinsheimer, S.M., Wellmann, J., Willemsen, G., Witt, S.H., Wu, Y., Xi, H.S., Yang, J., Zhang, F.T., Arolt, V., Baune, B.T., Berger, K., Boomsma, D.I., Cichon, S., Dannlowski, U., Geus, E.J.C. de, DePaulo, J.R., Domenici, E., Domschke, K., Esko, T., Grabe, H.J., Hamilton, S.P., Hayward, C., Heath, A.C., Kendler, K.S., Kloiber, S., Lewis, G., Li, Q.S., Lucae, S., Madden, P.A.F., Magnusson, P.K., Martin, N.G., McIntosh, A.M., Metspalu, A., Muller-Myhsok, B., Nothen, M.M., O'Donovan, M.C., Paciga, S.A., Pedersen, N.L., Penninx, B.W.J.H., Perlis, R.H., Porteous, D.J., Potash, J.B., Preisig, M., Rietschel, M., Schaefer, C., Schulze, T.G., Smoller, J.W., Tiemeier, H., Uher, R., Volzke, H., Weissman, M.M., Lewis, C.M., Levinson, D.F., Breen, G., Agee, M., Alipanahi, B., Auton, A., Bell, R.K., Bryc, K., Elson, S.L., Fontanillas, P., Furlotte, N.A., Hromatka, B.S., Huber, K.E., Kleinman, A., Litterman, N.K., McIntyre, M.H., Mountain, J.L., Noblin, E.S., Northover, C.A.M., Pitts, S.J., Sathirapongsasuti, J.F., Sazonova, O.V., Shelton, J.F., Shringarpure, S., Tung, J.Y., Vacic, V., Wilson, C.H., Psychiat Genomics Consortium, BUPGEN, 23andMe Re, Biological Psychology, APH - Methodology, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, APH - Personalized Medicine, APH - Mental Health, Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, Adult Psychiatry, Psychiatry, Human genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D), VU University medical center, APH - Digital Health, Aarno Palotie / Principal Investigator, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Genomics of Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Interdisciplinary Centre Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), Perceptual and Cognitive Neuroscience (PCN), Clinical Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Research Program (CCNP), Autism Spectrum Disorders Working Group of The Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, BUPGEN, Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Me Research Team, Epidemiology, and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry / Psychology

Subjects
Male, Netherlands Twin Register (NTR), Multifactorial Inheritance, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Denmark, LD SCORE REGRESSION, LOCI, Genome-wide association study, DE-NOVO, 0302 clinical medicine, Polymorphism (computer science), Risk Factors, SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY, CELL-SURFACE, Child, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, HERITABILITY, Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics, 1184 Genetics, developmental biology, physiology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics, Phenotype, 3. Good health, Schizophrenia, Autism spectrum disorder, Child, Preschool, Genome-Wide Association Study/methods, Female, SIMONS SIMPLEX COLLECTION, Adolescent, Biology, NEURITE OUTGROWTH, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, behavioral disciplines and activities, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, mental disorders, medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, SDG 2 - Zero Hunger, Multifactorial Inheritance/genetics, METAANALYSIS, 030304 developmental biology, Case-control study, Heritability, medicine.disease, Autism Spectrum Disorder/genetics, Case-Control Studies, 3111 Biomedicine, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Published in final edited form as: Nat Genet. 2019 March ; 51(3): 431–444. doi:10.1038/s41588-019-0344-8., Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heritable and heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental phenotypes diagnosed in more than 1% of children. Common genetic variants contribute substantially to ASD susceptibility, but to date no individual variants have been robustly associated with ASD. With a marked sample size increase from a unique Danish population resource, we report a genome-wide association meta-analysis of 18,381 ASD cases and 27,969 controls that identifies five genome-wide significant loci. Leveraging GWAS results from three phenotypes with significantly overlapping genetic architectures (schizophrenia, major depression, and educational attainment), seven additional loci shared with other traits are identified at equally strict significance levels. Dissecting the polygenic architecture, we find both quantitative and qualitative polygenic heterogeneity across ASD subtypes. These results highlight biological insights, particularly relating to neuronal function and corticogenesis and establish that GWAS performed at scale will be much more productive in the near term in ASD., The iPSYCH project is funded by the Lundbeck Foundation (grant numbers R102-A9118 and R155-2014-1724) and the universities and university hospitals of Aarhus and Copenhagen. Genotyping of iPSYCH and PGC samples was supported by grants from the Lundbeck Foundation, the Stanley Foundation, the Simons Foundation (SFARI 311789 to MJD), and NIMH (5U01MH094432–02 to MJD). The Danish National Biobank resource was supported by the Novo Nordisk Foundation. Data handling and analysis on the GenomeDK HPC facility was supported by NIMH (1U01MH109514–01 to M O’Donovan and ADB). High-performance computer capacity for handling and statistical analysis of iPSYCH data on the GenomeDK HPC facility was provided by the Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Denmark (grant to ADB). Drs. S De Rubeis and JD Buxbaum were supported by NIH grants MH097849 (to JDB) and MH111661 (to JDB), and by the Seaver Foundation (to SDR and JDB). Dr J Martin was supported by the Wellcome Trust (grant no: 106047). O. Andreassen received funding from Research Council of Norway (#213694, #223273, #248980, #248778), Stiftelsen KG Jebsen and South-East Norway Health Authority. We thank the research participants and employees of 23andMe for making this work possible.

Published
2019

49. Genome-wide by environment interaction studies of depressive symptoms and psychosocial stress in UK Biobank and Generation Scotland

Author

Arnau-Soler, A., Macdonald-Dunlop, E., Adams, M.J., Clarke, T.K., MacIntyre, D.J., Milburn, K., Navrady, L., Hayward, C., McIntosh, A.M., Thomson, P.A., Wray, N.R., Ripke, S., Mattheisen, M., Trzaskowski, M., Byrne, E.M., Abdellaoui, A., Agerbo, E., Air, T.M., Andlauer, T.F.M., Bacanu, S.A., Baekvad-Hansen, M., Beekman, A.T.F., Bigdeli, T.B., Binder, E.B., Blackwood, D.H.R., Bryois, J., Buttenscon, H.N., Bybjerg-Grauholm, J., Cai, N., Castelao, E., Christensen, J.H., Coleman, J.R.I., Colodro-Conde, L., Couvy-Duchesne, B., Craddock, N., Rawford, G.E.C., Davies, G., Deary, I.J., Degenhardt, F., Derks, E.M., Direk, N., Dolan, C.V., Dunn, E.C., Eley, T.C., Escott-Price, V., Kiadeh, F.F.H., Finucane, H.K., Foo, J.C., Forstner, A.J., Frank, J., Gaspar, H.A., Gill, M., Goes, F.S., Gordon, S.D., Grove, J., Hall, L.S., Hansen, C.S., Hansen, T.F., Herms, S., Hickie, I.B., Hoffmann, P., Homuth, G., Horn, C., Hottenga, J.J., Hougaard, D.M., Ising, M., Jansen, R., Jones, I., Jones, L.A., Jorgenson, E., Knowles, J.A., Kohane, I.S., Kraft, J., Kretzschmar, W.W., Krogh, J., Kutalik, Z., Li, Y.H., Lind, P.A., Macintyre, D.J., MacKinnon, D.F., Maier, R.M., Maier, W., Marchini, J., Mbarek, H., McGrath, P., McGuffin, P., Medland, S.E., Mehta, D., Middeldorp, C.M., Mihailov, E., Milaneschi, Y., Milani, L., Mondimore, F.M., Montgomery, G.W., Mostafavi, S., Mullins, N., Nauck, M., Ng, B., Nivard, M.G., Nyholt, D.R., O'Reilly, P.F., Oskarsson, H., Owen, M.J., Painter, J.N., Pedersen, C.B., Pedersen, M.G., Peterson, R.E., Pettersson, E., Peyrot, W.J., Pistis, G., Posthuma, D., Quiroz, J.A., Qvist, P., Rice, J.P., Riley, B.P., Rivera, M., Mirza, S.S., Schoevers, R., Schulte, E.C., Shen, L., Shi, J.X., Shyn, S.I., Sigurdsson, E., Sinnamon, G.C.B., Smit, J.H., Smith, D.J., Stefansson, H., Steinberg, S., Streit, F., Strohmaier, J., Tansey, K.E., Teismann, H., Teumer, A., Thompson, W., Thorgeirsson, T.E., Traylor, M., Treutlein, J., Trubetskoy, V., Uitterlinden, A.G., Umbricht, D., Auwera, S. van der, Hemert, A.M. van, Viktorin, A., Visscher, P.M., Wang, Y.P., Webb, B.T., Weinsheimer, S.M., Wellmann, J., Willemsen, G., Witt, S.H., Wu, Y., Xi, H.L.S., Yang, J., Zhang, F.T., Arolt, V., Baune, B.T., Berger, K., Boomsma, D.I., Cichon, S., Dannlowski, U., Geus, E.J.C. de, DePaulo, J.R., Domenici, E., Domschke, K., Esko, T., Grabe, H.J., Hamilton, S.P., Heath, A.C., Kendler, K.S., Kloiber, S., Lewis, G., Li, Q.Q.S., Lucae, S., Madden, P.A.F., Magnusson, P.K., Martin, N.G., Metspalu, A., Mors, O., Mortensen, P.B., Muller-Myhsok, B., Nordentoft, M., Nothen, M.M., O'Donovan, M.C., Paciga, S.A., Pedersen, N.L., Penninx, B.W.J.H., Perlis, R.H., Porteous, D.J., Potash, J.B., Preisig, M., Rietschel, M., Schaefer, C., Schulze, T.G., Smoller, J.W., Stefansson, K., Tiemeier, H., Uher, R., Volzke, H., Weissman, M.M., Werge, T., Lewis, C.M., Levinson, D.F., Breen, G., Borglum, A.S.D., Sullivan, P.F., Generation Scotland, and Psychiat Genomics Consortium

Abstract

Stress is associated with poorer physical and mental health. To improve our understanding of this link, we performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of depressive symptoms and genome-wide by environment interaction studies (GWEIS) of depressive symptoms and stressful life events (SLE) in two UK population-based cohorts (Generation Scotland and UK Biobank). No SNP was individually significant in either GWAS, but gene-based tests identified six genes associated with depressive symptoms in UK Biobank (DCC, ACSS3, DRD2, STAG1, FOXP2 and KYNU; p < 2.77 x 10(-6)). Two SNPs with genome-wide significant GxE effects were identified by GWEIS in Generation Scotland: rs12789145 (53-kb downstream PIWIL4; p = 4.95 x 10(-9); total SLE) and rs17070072 (intronic to ZCCHC2; p = 1.46 x 10(-8); dependent SLE). A third locus upstream CYLC2 (rs12000047 and rs12005200, p < 2.00 x 10(-8); dependent SLE) when the joint effect of the SNP main and GxE effects was considered. GWEIS gene-based tests identified: MTNR1B with GxE effect with dependent SLE in Generation Scotland; and PHF2 with the joint effect in UK Biobank (p < 2.77 x 10(-6)). Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) analyses incorporating GxE effects improved the prediction of depressive symptom scores, when using weights derived from either the UK Biobank GWAS of depressive symptoms (p = 0.01) or the PGC GWAS of major depressive disorder (p = 5.91 x 10(-3)). Using an independent sample, PRS derived using GWEIS GxE effects provided evidence of shared aetiologies between depressive symptoms and schizotypal personality, heart disease and COPD. Further such studies are required and may result in improved treatments for depression and other stress-related conditions.

Published
2019

50. Evidence for increased genetic risk load for major depression in patients assigned to electroconvulsive therapy

Author

Foo, J.C., Streit, F., Frank, J., Witt, S.H., Treutlein, J., Baune, B.T., Moebus, S., Jockel, K.H., Forstner, A.J., Nothen, M.M., Rietschel, M., Sartorius, A., Kranaster, L., Wray, N.R., Ripke, S., Mattheisen, M., Trzaskowski, M., Byrne, E.M., Abdellaoui, A., Adams, M.J., Agerbo, E., Air, T.M., Andlauer, T.F.M., Bacanu, S.A., Baekvad-Hansen, M., Beekman, A.T.F., Bigdeli, T.B., Binder, E.B., Blackwood, D.H.R., Bryois, J., Buttenschon, H.N., Bybjerg-Grauholm, J., Cai, N., Castelao, E., Christensen, J.H., Clarke, T.K., Coleman, J.R.I., Colodro-Conde, L., Couvy-Duchesne, B., Craddock, N., Crawford, G.E., Davies, G., Deary, I.J., Degenhardt, F., Derks, E.M., Direk, N., Dolan, C.V., Dunn, E.C., Eley, T.C., Escott-Price, V., Kiadeh, F.F.H., Finucane, H.K., Gaspar, H.A., Gill, M., Goes, F.S., Gordon, S.D., Grove, J., Hall, L.S., Hansen, C.S., Hansen, T.F., Herms, S., Hickie, I.B., Hoffmann, P., Homuth, G., Horn, C., Hottenga, J.J., Hougaard, D.M., Ising, M., Jansen, R., Jones, I., Jones, L.A., Jorgenson, E., Knowles, J.A., Kohane, I.S., Kraft, J., Kretzschmar, W.W., Krogh, J., Kutalik, Z., Li, Y.H., Lind, P.A., MacIntyre, D.J., MacKinnon, D.F., Maier, R.M., Maier, W., Marchini, J., Mbarek, H., McGrath, P., McGuffin, P., Medland, S.E., Mehta, D., Middeldorp, C.M., Mihailov, E., Milaneschi, Y., Milani, L., Mondimore, F.M., Montgomery, G.W., Mostafavi, S., Mullins, N., Nauck, M., Ng, B., Nivard, M.G., Nyholt, D.R., O'Reilly, P.F., Oskarsson, H., Owen, M.J., Painter, J.N., Pedersen, C.B., Pedersen, M.G., Peterson, R.E., Pettersson, E., Peyrot, W.J., Pistis, G., Posthuma, D., Quiroz, J.A., Qvist, P., Rice, J.P., Riley, B.P., Rivera, M., Mirza, S.S., Schoevers, R., Schulte, E.C., Shen, L., Shi, J.X., Shyn, S.I., Sigurdsson, E., Sinnamon, G.C.B., Smit, J.H., Smith, D.J., Stefansson, H., Steinberg, S., Strohmaier, J., Tansey, K.E., Teismann, H., Teumer, A., Thompson, W., Thomson, P.A., Thorgeirsson, T.E., Traylor, M., Trubetskoy, V., Uitterlinden, A.G., Umbricht, D., Auwera, S. van der, Hemert, A.M. van, Viktorin, A., Visscher, P.M., Wang, Y., Webb, B.T., Weinsheimer, S.M., Wellmann, J., Willemsen, G., Wu, Y., Xi, H.L.S., Yang, J., Zhang, F.T., Arolt, V., Berger, K., Boomsma, D.I., Cichon, S., Dannlowski, U., Geus, E.J.C. de, DePaulo, J.R., Domenici, E., Domschke, K., Esko, T., Grabe, H.J., Hamilton, S.P., Hayward, C., Heath, A.C., Kendler, K.S., Kloiber, S., Lewis, G., Li, Q.Q.S., Lucae, S., Madden, P.A.F., Magnusson, P.K., Martin, N.G., McIntosh, A.M., Metspalu, A., Mors, O., Mortensen, P.B., Muller-Myhsok, B., Nordentoft, M., O'Donovan, M.C., Paciga, S.A., Pedersen, N.L., Penninx, B.W.J.H., Perlis, R.H., Porteous, D.J., Potash, J.B., Preisig, M., Schaefer, C., Schulze, T.G., Smoller, J.W., Stefansson, K., Tiemeier, H., Uher, R., Voelzke, H., Weissman, M.M., Werge, T., Lewis, C.M., Levinson, D.F., Breen, G., Borglum, A.D., Sullivan, P.F., and Major Depressive Disorder Worki

Subjects
treatment-resistance, polygenic risk scores, depression, major depression, electroconvulsive therapy
Abstract

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the treatment of choice for severe and treatment-resistantdepression; disorder severity and unfavorable treatment outcomes are shown to be influencedby an increased genetic burden for major depression (MD). Here, we tested whether ECT assign-ment and response/nonresponse are associated with an increased genetic burden for majordepression (MD) using polygenic risk score (PRS), which summarize the contribution of disease-related common risk variants. Fifty-one psychiatric inpatients suffering from a major depressiveepisode underwent ECT. MD-PRS were calculated for these inpatients and a separatepopulation-based sample (n = 3,547 healthy; n = 426 self-reported depression) based on sum-mary statistics from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium MDD-working group (Cases:n = 59,851; Controls: n = 113,154). MD-PRS explained a significant proportion of disease statusbetween ECT patients and healthy controls (p = .022, R2 = 1.173%); patients showed higherMD-PRS. MD-PRS in population-based depression self-reporters were intermediate betweenECT patients and controls (n.s.). Significant associations between MD-PRS and ECT response(50% reduction in Hamilton depression rating scale scores) were not observed. Our findings indi-cate that ECT cohorts show an increased genetic burden for MD and are consistent with thehypothesis that treatment-resistant MD patients represent a subgroup with an increased geneticrisk for MD. Larger samples are needed to better substantiate these findings.

Published
2019

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