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Nitrate is the primary water-soluble macronutrient essential for plant growth that is converted from excess fish feeds, fish effluents, and degrading biomaterials on the aquaponic pond floor, and when aquacultural malpractices occur, large amounts of it retain in the water system causing increase rate in eutrophication and toxifies fish and aquaculture plants. Recent nitrate sensor prototypes still require performing the additional steps of water sample deionization and dilution and were constructed with expensive materials. In response to the challenge of sensor enhancement and aquaponic water quality monitoring, this study developed sensitive, repeatable, and reproducible screen-printed graphite electrodes on polyvinyl chloride and parchment paper substrates with silver as electrode material and 60:40 graphite powder:nail polish formulated conductive ink for electrical traces, integrated with 9-gene genetic expression model as a function of peak anodic current and electrochemical test time for nitrate concentration prediction that is embedded into low-power Arduino ESP32 for in situ nitrate sensing in aquaponic pond water. Five SPE electrical traces were designed on the two types of substrates. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray confirmed the electrode surface morphology. Electrochemical cyclic voltammetry using 10 to 100 mg/L KNO3 and water from three-depth regions of the actual pond established the electrochemical test time (10.5 s) and electrode potential (0.135 V) protocol necessary to produce peak current that corresponds to the strength of nitrate ions during redox. The findings from in situ testing revealed that the proposed sensors have strong linear predictions (R2 = 0.968 MSE = 1.659 for nSPEv and R2 = 0.966 MSE = 4.697 for nSPEp) in the range of 10 to 100 mg/L and best detection limit of 3.15 μg/L, which are comparable to other sensors of more complex construction. The developed three-electrode electrochemical nitrate sensor confirms that it is reliable for both biosensing in controlled solutions and in situ aquaponic pond water systems.

Abstract Transgender individuals experience elevated mental health issues and a diminished quality of life compared to the general population. While gender‐affirming dermatology treatments hold promise in addressing these challenges, there is a notable dearth of research in this area. Therefore, the objective of this study was to provide a comprehensive summary of the existing literature on the psychosocial effects of gender‐affirming dermatology treatments in transgender populations. A systematic review of original research on gender‐affirming dermatology treatments in transgender populations was conducted from PubMed (including Medline), Cochrane Library and Embase following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses 2020 guidelines. The search was limited to studies published after 1 January 2013 and was conducted on 26 June 2023. Relevant reviews were excluded but had their references screened. All studies that met the inclusion criteria also had their references screened. Article screening involved two steps: initial abstract/title screening using Rayyan.ia, followed by full‐text screening for selected articles. Risk of bias was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklists. Thirteen studies were analyzed and most revealed a positive association between gender‐affirming dermatology treatments and favorable psychosocial outcomes. However, there was a large imbalance in the focus on transfeminine versus transmasculine individuals, alongside disparities in gender identification methods. Hair removal followed by nonsurgical injectables were the primary treatments studied. Most studies faced notable limitations, preventing a definitive causal relationship between gender‐affirming dermatology treatments and psychosocial effects. Across studies, there were discrepancies in the type of psychosocial outcome studied and a lack of standardized assessment tools. Despite these limitations, gender‐affirming dermatology treatments appear to have psychosocial benefits for transgender individuals, but further robust studies are needed for a comprehensive understanding of this relationship.

Abstract Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), highly expressed in prostate cancer, is a promising target for radionuclide therapy. Auger electron-emitting radionuclides are well suited for targeted radionuclide therapy if they can be delivered close to the DNA of the targeted cells. This preclinical study evaluated the theranostic pair [55/58mCo]Co-DOTA-PSMA-617 for PET imaging and Auger electron therapy of prostate cancer. [58mCo]Co-DOTA-PSMA-617 was successfully prepared with > 99% radiochemical yield and purity. In vitro, uptake and subcellular distribution assays in PSMA-positive prostate cancer cells showed PSMA-specific uptake with high cell-associated activity in the nucleus. Incubation with [58mCo]Co-DOTA-PSMA-617 reduced cell viability and clonogenic survival in a significant dose-dependent manner (p

Abstract Motor learning is a fundamental skill to our daily lives. Dysfunction in motor performance in schizophrenia (Sz) has been associated with poor social and functional outcomes. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a non-invasive electrical brain stimulation approach, can influence underlying brain function with potential for improving motor learning in Sz. We used a well-established Serial Reaction Time Task (SRTT) to study motor learning, in combination with simultaneous tDCS and EEG recording, to investigate mechanisms of motor and procedural learning deficits in Sz, and to develop refined non-invasive brain stimulation approaches to improve neurocognitive dysfunction. We recruited 27 individuals with Sz and 21 healthy controls (HC). Individuals performed the SRTT task as they received sham and active tDCS with simultaneous EEG recording. Reaction time (RT), neuropsychological, and measures of global functioning were assessed. SRTT performance was significantly impaired in Sz and showed significant correlations with motor-related and working memory measures as well as global function. Source-space time-frequency decomposition of EEG showed beta-band coherence across supplementary-motor, primary-motor and visual cortex forming a network involved in SRTT performance. Motor-cathodal and visual-cathodal stimulations resulted in significant modulation in coherence particularly across the motor-visual nodes of the network accompanied by significant improvement in motor learning in both controls and patients. Here, we confirm earlier reports of SRTT impairment in Sz and demonstrate significant reversal of the deficits with tDCS. The findings support continued development of tDCS for enhancement of plasticity-based interventions in Sz, as well as source-space EEG analytic approaches for evaluating underlying neural mechanisms.

Abstract Background Heterogeneity in type 2 diabetes presentation and progression suggests that precision medicine interventions could improve clinical outcomes. We undertook a systematic review to determine whether strategies to subclassify type 2 diabetes were associated with high quality evidence, reproducible results and improved outcomes for patients. Methods We searched PubMed and Embase for publications that used ‘simple subclassification’ approaches using simple categorisation of clinical characteristics, or ‘complex subclassification’ approaches which used machine learning or ‘omics approaches in people with established type 2 diabetes. We excluded other diabetes subtypes and those predicting incident type 2 diabetes. We assessed quality, reproducibility and clinical relevance of extracted full-text articles and qualitatively synthesised a summary of subclassification approaches. Results Here we show data from 51 studies that demonstrate many simple stratification approaches, but none have been replicated and many are not associated with meaningful clinical outcomes. Complex stratification was reviewed in 62 studies and produced reproducible subtypes of type 2 diabetes that are associated with outcomes. Both approaches require a higher grade of evidence but support the premise that type 2 diabetes can be subclassified into clinically meaningful subtypes. Conclusion Critical next steps toward clinical implementation are to test whether subtypes exist in more diverse ancestries and whether tailoring interventions to subtypes will improve outcomes.