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The Study of Social and Emotional Skills (SSES) is an international effort led by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The Houston Independent School District (HISD) served as the only U.S. site for this study. Over 6,400 10-year-old and 15-year-old students from 119 HISD schools participated in the SSES in the fall of 2019. This series of briefs looks at how social and emotional skills are related to academic outcomes, absenteeism, and exclusionary discipline; the context of SSES skills; and the commonalities and differences between students’ self-ratings and teachers’ ratings of students’ SE skills.

Introduction: In tropical Africa, data about influenza-associated illness burden are needed to assess potential benefits of influenza vaccination among pregnant women. We estimated the incidence of influenza among pregnant women and their infants in Siaya County, Kenya. Methods: We enrolled women at

Entre las dificultades que conlleva la adquisición del conocimiento en química se encuentra el nivel de abstracción requerido para relacionar las propiedades macroscópicas con el comportamiento de las entidades submicroscópicas que no pueden percibirse. Transitar del nivel atómico al nivel de las moléculas y desde éste al de las sustancias requiere el conocimiento de cuáles propiedades corresponden a cada nivel. Se presenta en este trabajo el análisis de los resultados de una investigación llevada a cabo con estudiantes de escuela media a través de un instrumento que relaciona aspectos macroscópicos y submicroscópicos de una propiedad física, el punto de ebullición y se comparan sus resultados con los obtenidos en un primer curso universitario, ya que los obstáculos que se manifiestan al abordar un tema pueden haberse originado en otras instancias de aprendizaje.

This study reports on the switch from face-to-face coaching sessions - with novice university lecturers on video footage of one of their regular seminars (recorded pre-Covid) - to an online interactive video-enhanced observation (VEO) program. We show how we have used this program and what we have learned from its applications. We conclude that VEO is a suitable and challenging tool for teacher reflection (of both online and offline classes), and we recommend a number of essential observation points.

Background Seasonal influenza virus is a common cause of acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) in young children. In 2008, we estimated that 20 million influenza-virus-associated ALRI and 1 million influenza-virus-associated severe ALRI occurred in children under 5 years globally. Despite this substantial burden, only a few low-income and middle-income countries have adopted routine influenza vaccination policies for children and, where present, these have achieved only low or unknown levels of vaccine uptake. Moreover, the influenza burden might have changed due to the emergence and circulation of influenza A/H1N1pdm09. We aimed to incorporate new data to update estimates of the global number of cases, hospital admissions, and mortality from influenza-virus-associated respiratory infections in children under 5 years in 2018. Methods We estimated the regional and global burden of influenza-associated respiratory infections in children under 5 years from a systematic review of 100 studies published between Jan 1, 1995, and Dec 31, 2018, and a further 57 high-quality unpublished studies. We adapted the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to assess the risk of bias. We estimated incidence and hospitalisation rates of influenza-virus-associated respiratory infections by severity, case ascertainment, region, and age. We estimated in-hospital deaths from influenza virus ALRI by combining hospital admissions and in-hospital case-fatality ratios of influenza virus ALRI. We estimated the upper bound of influenza virus-associated ALRI deaths based on the number of in-hospital deaths, US paediatric influenza-associated death data, and population-based childhood all-cause pneumonia mortality data in six sites in low-income and lower-middle-income countries. Findings In 2018, among children under 5 years globally, there were an estimated 109.5 million influenza virus episodes (uncertainty range [UR] 63.1-190.6), 10.1 million influenza-virus-associated ALRI cases (6.8-15.1); 870 000 influenza-virus-associated ALRI hospital admissions (543 000-1 415 000), 15 300 in-hospital deaths (5800-43 800), and up to 34 800 (13 200-97 200) overall influenza-virus-associated ALRI deaths. Influenza virus accounted for 7% of ALRI cases, 5% of ALRI hospital admissions, and 4% of ALRI deaths in children under 5 years. About 23% of the hospital admissions and 36% of the in-hospital deaths were in infants under 6 months. About 82% of the in-hospital deaths occurred in low-income and lower-middle-income countries. Interpretation A large proportion of the influenza-associated burden occurs among young infants and in low-income and lower middle-income countries. Our findings provide new and important evidence for maternal and paediatric influenza immunisation, and should inform future immunisation policy particularly in low-income and middle-income countries. Copyright (c) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.

Background The Estudio Vacuna de Influenza Peru (VIP) cohort aims to describe the frequency of influenza virus infection, identify predictors of vaccine acceptance, examine the effects of repeated influenza vaccination on immunogenicity, and evaluate influenza vaccine effectiveness among HCP. Methods The VIP cohort prospectively followed HCP in Lima, Peru, during the 2016‐2018 influenza seasons; a fourth year is ongoing. Participants contribute blood samples before and after the influenza season and after influenza vaccination (for vaccinees). Weekly surveillance is conducted to identify acute respiratory or febrile illnesses (ARFI). When an ARFI is identified, participants self‐collect nasal swabs that are tested for influenza viruses by real‐time reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction. Influenza vaccination status and 5‐year vaccination history are ascertained. We analyzed recruitment and enrollment results for 2016‐2018 and surveillance participation for 2016‐2017. Results In the first 3 years of the cohort, VIP successfully contacted 92% of potential participants, enrolled 76% of eligible HCP, and retained >90% of participants across years. About half of participants are medical assistants (54%), and most provide “hands‐on” medical care (76%). Sixty‐nine percent and 52% of participants completed surveillance for >70% of weeks in years 1 and 2, respectively. Fewer weeks of completed surveillance was associated with older age (≥50 years), being a medical assistant, self‐rated health of fair or poor, and not receiving the influenza vaccine during the current season (P‐values

In this paper we report on an action research project on remote teaching that we designed for students of the preservice graduate teacher education program at the University of Amsterdam when schools closed due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The students were instructed to keep a teaching diary to record their experiences with online teaching for a period of four weeks, which, they reported, helped them to adjust to their new reality. We have, therefore, decided to build on this task and use it as the starting-point of a more elaborate project. One of the most interesting outcome of the project so far is that a first analysis of the entries in the diaries show that reflection on the constraints and affordances of remote teaching have led to reflection on face-to-face practices.