12 results on '"Bauer KG"'
Search Results
2. Commercial Ripening Starter Microorganisms Inoculated into Cheese Milk Do Not Successfully Establish Themselves in the Resident Microbial Ripening Consortia of a South German Red Smear Cheese▿
- Author
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Valeska Heise, Jérôme Mounier, Ruediger Beduhn, Marc Vancanneyt, Mary C. Rea, Siegfried Scherer, Stefanie Goerges, Timothy M. Cogan, Roberto Gelsomino, Abteilung Mikrobiologie, Zentralinstitut für Ernährungs- und Lebensmittelforschung Weihenstephan, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Moorepark Food Research Centre, Teagasc - The Agriculture and Food Development Authority (Teagasc), BCCM/LMG Bacteria Collection, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), J. Bauer KG, and Wasserburg/Inn
- Subjects
Microorganism ,Geotrichum ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Starter ,Cheese ,Debaryomyces hansenii ,Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ,Food microbiology ,Animals ,Food Industry ,Food science ,Ecosystem ,030304 developmental biology ,2. Zero hunger ,0303 health sciences ,Ecology ,biology ,Bacteria ,030306 microbiology ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,food and beverages ,Ripening ,Microbial consortium ,biology.organism_classification ,Dairying ,[SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology ,Milk ,Saccharomycetales ,Food Microbiology ,Food Science ,Biotechnology ,[SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis - Abstract
Production of smear-ripened cheese critically depends on the surface growth of multispecies microbial consortia comprising bacteria and yeasts. These microorganisms often originate from the cheese-making facility and, over many years, have developed into rather stable, dairy-specific associations. While commercial smear starters are frequently used, it is unclear to what degree these are able to establish successfully within the resident microbial consortia. Thus, the fate of the smear starters of a German Limburger cheese subjected to the “old-young” smearing technique was investigated during ripening. The cheese milk was supplemented with a commercial smear starter culture containing Debaryomyces hansenii , Galactomyces geotrichum , Arthrobacter arilaitensis , and Brevibacterium aurantiacum. Additionally, the cheese surface was inoculated with an extremely stable in-house microbial consortium. A total of 1,114 yeast and 1,201 bacterial isolates were identified and differentiated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism, random amplified polymorphic DNA, repetitive PCR, and pulsed field gel electrophoresis analyses were used to type selected isolates below the species level. The D. hansenii starter strain was primarily found early in the ripening process. The G. geotrichum starter strain in particular established itself after relocation to a new ripening room. Otherwise, it occurred at low frequencies. The bacterial smear starters could not be reisolated from the cheese surface at all. It is concluded that none of the smear starter strains were able to compete significantly and in a stable fashion against the resident microbial consortia, a result which might have been linked to the method of application. This finding raises the issue of whether addition of starter microorganisms during production of this type of cheese is actually necessary.
- Published
- 2008
3. Biodiversity of the Surface Microbial Consortia from Limburger, Reblochon, Livarot, Tilsit, and Gubbeen Cheeses.
- Author
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Cogan TM, Goerges S, Gelsomino R, Larpin S, Hohenegger M, Bora N, Jamet E, Rea MC, Mounier J, Vancanneyt M, Guéguen M, Desmasures N, Swings J, Goodfellow M, Ward AC, Sebastiani H, Irlinger F, Chamba JF, Beduhn R, and Scherer S
- Subjects
- Bacteria classification, Bacteria isolation & purification, Cheese microbiology, Microbial Consortia, Yeasts classification, Yeasts isolation & purification
- Abstract
Comprehensive collaborative studies from our laboratories reveal the extensive biodiversity of the microflora of the surfaces of smear-ripened cheeses. Two thousand five hundred ninety-seven strains of bacteria and 2,446 strains of yeasts from the surface of the smear-ripened cheeses Limburger, Reblochon, Livarot, Tilsit, and Gubbeen, isolated at three or four times during ripening, were identified; 55 species of bacteria and 30 species of yeast were found. The microfloras of the five cheeses showed many similarities but also many differences and interbatch variation. Very few of the commercial smear microorganisms, deliberately inoculated onto the cheese surface, were reisolated and then mainly from the initial stages of ripening, implying that smear cheese production units must have an adventitious "house" flora. Limburger cheese had the simplest microflora, containing two yeasts, Debaryomyces hansenii and Geotrichum candidum, and two bacteria, Arthrobacter arilaitensis and Brevibacterium aurantiacum. The microflora of Livarot was the most complicated, comprising 10 yeasts and 38 bacteria, including many gram-negative organisms. Reblochon also had a very diverse microflora containing 8 yeasts and 13 bacteria (excluding gram-negative organisms which were not identified), while Gubbeen had 7 yeasts and 18 bacteria and Tilsit had 5 yeasts and 9 bacteria. D. hansenii was by far the dominant yeast, followed in order by G. candidum, Candida catenulata, and Kluyveromyces lactis. B. aurantiacum was the dominant bacterium and was found in every batch of the 5 cheeses. The next most common bacteria, in order, were Staphylococcus saprophyticus, A. arilaitensis, Corynebacterium casei, Corynebacterium variabile, and Microbacterium gubbeenense. S. saprophyticus was mainly found in Gubbeen, and A. arilaitensis was found in all cheeses but not in every batch. C. casei was found in most batches of Reblochon, Livarot, Tilsit, and Gubbeen. C. variabile was found in all batches of Gubbeen and Reblochon but in only one batch of Tilsit and in no batch of Limburger or Livarot. Other bacteria were isolated in low numbers from each of the cheeses, suggesting that each of the 5 cheeses has a unique microflora. In Gubbeen cheese, several different strains of the dominant bacteria were present, as determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and many of the less common bacteria were present as single clones. The culture-independent method, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, resulted in identification of several bacteria which were not found by the culture-dependent (isolation and rep-PCR identification) method. It was thus a useful complementary technique to identify other bacteria in the cheeses. The gross composition, the rate of increase in pH, and the indices of proteolysis were different in most of the cheeses.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Benazepril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor: drug interaction with salbutamol and bronchial response to histamine in normal subjects.
- Author
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Bauer KG, Brunel P, Nell G, Quinn G, and Kaik GA
- Subjects
- Adult, Airway Resistance drug effects, Blood Glucose metabolism, Cross-Over Studies, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Double-Blind Method, Hemodynamics drug effects, Humans, Potassium blood, Albuterol pharmacology, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors pharmacology, Benzazepines pharmacology, Histamine pharmacology
- Abstract
Aims: To investigate the effect of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, benazepril, on pulmonary function., Methods: We investigated the influence of benazepril, on lung function and the interaction with inhaled salbutamol (0.1 to 6.6 mg) and histamine (0.03 to 30.69 g l-1) in normal subjects. Benazepril 20 mg, salbutamol 8 mg, propranolol 160 mg, and placebo were given orally once daily over 10 days., Results: On day 8, there was no difference in the area under the salbutamol dose-response curves between benazepril, placebo and oral salbutamol (P > 0.05), propranolol shifted the curves to the right (P < 0.05). On day 10, histamine challenge resulted in following PD35sGaw values (geometric mean and 95% CI): with placebo 1.02 (0.95-1.09) g l-1, benazepril 1.04 (0.99-1.08), salbutamol 1.19 (1.13-1.25), propranolol 0.57 (0.50-0.65)., Conclusions: Benazepril had no influence on baseline lung function, caused no interaction with inhaled salbutamol and the bronchial response to histamine was similar to placebo. However, our findings in normal subjects cannot be extrapolated automatically to asthmatics.
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Studies on the bronchodilator, tremorogenic, cardiovascular and hypokalaemic effects of fenoterol dry powder in asthma.
- Author
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Bauer KG, Kaik B, Sertl K, and Kaik GA
- Subjects
- Administration, Inhalation, Adult, Aged, Blood Pressure drug effects, Bronchi drug effects, Capsules, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Electrocardiography, Ambulatory, Fingers, Forced Expiratory Volume drug effects, Humans, Hypokalemia chemically induced, Metered Dose Inhalers, Middle Aged, Powders, Tremor chemically induced, Asthma drug therapy, Bronchodilator Agents administration & dosage, Fenoterol administration & dosage
- Abstract
1. The airway and tremor response and cardiovascular and hypokalaemic effects of single and cumulative doses of fenoterol given by dry powder capsules (DPC) and by metered dose inhaler (MDI) were studied in asthmatics in two randomized, crossover trials. 2. Single doses of fenoterol DPC and MDI (0.2 mg, 0.4 mg), investigated in 24 subjects, produced similar, dose-dependent increases in FEV1. Fenoterol DPC caused less tremor response and less hypokalaemic effects than fenoterol MDI. 3. Cumulative doses of fenoterol DPC and MDI (0.2, 0.6, 1.4, 3.0, 6.2 mg), investigated in 12 subjects, produced a comparable bronchodilatation (mean maximum increase in FEV1 was 0.53 +/- 0.06/0.52 +/- 0.081 for DPC/MDI) and a similar, dose-dependent rise in heart rate (35 +/- 3.81/41 +/- 2.25 beats min(-1)). The rise in tremor and the fall in plasma potassium were smaller after DPC than after MDI. The mean maximum changes were 51.58 +/- 6.41/95.83 +/- 6.75 cm s(-2) for tremor and -0.68 +/- 0.09/-0.96 +/- 0.10 mmol l(-1) for potassium. 4. Our findings may result from a difference in the pharmacokinetics of the dry powder and the aerosol formulation, particularly differences in distribution and absorption. 5. In conclusion, fenoterol DPC used in low therapeutic doses (0.2,0.4 mg), is preferable to the MDI. Fenoterol DPC used as rescue medication in high cumulative doses, do not suggest a greater safety margin than the MDI and the same restrictions should be considered for the fenoterol dry powder formulation as suggested for the MDI.
- Published
- 1993
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. What are the health payoffs?
- Author
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Bauer KG and Wilson RW
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, United States, Health, Health Status, Life Style, Preventive Health Services trends
- Published
- 1981
7. Prevention: quest for land of healthful living.
- Author
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Bauer KG and Wilson RW
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Goals, Humans, Infant, Middle Aged, Public Health, United States, National Health Programs, Preventive Medicine trends
- Published
- 1981
8. Hospital rate setting--this way to salvation?
- Author
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Bauer KG
- Subjects
- Blue Cross Blue Shield Insurance Plans, Health Planning, Hospital Administration, Humans, Legislation as Topic, Social Security, United States, Economics, Hospital, Fees and Charges
- Published
- 1977
9. The challenge of prevention.
- Author
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Bauer KG and Wilson RW
- Subjects
- Accident Prevention, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Cerebrovascular Disorders mortality, Child, Child, Preschool, Communicable Diseases mortality, Female, Heart Diseases mortality, Humans, Infant, Infant Mortality, Infant, Newborn, Middle Aged, Neoplasms mortality, Pregnancy, Risk, United States, Preventive Health Services trends
- Published
- 1981
10. Information needs for hospital rate setting.
- Author
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Bauer KG
- Subjects
- Blue Cross Blue Shield Insurance Plans, Costs and Cost Analysis, Efficiency, Fee Schedules, Financing, Organized, Goals, Government Agencies, Hospital Administration, Hospitals, Massachusetts, Methods, New York, Records, Economics, Hospital, Fees and Charges
- Published
- 1976
11. Data requirements to measure progress on the objectives for the nation in health promotion and disease prevention.
- Author
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Green LW, Wilson RW, and Bauer KG
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S., Data Collection, Female, Health Priorities, Humans, Male, National Center for Health Statistics, U.S., Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care, United States, Health Promotion, Health Status Indicators, Health Surveys, Information Systems, National Health Programs, Preventive Medicine
- Abstract
The Reagan Administration has adopted the policy guidelines developed over the previous few years in the disease prevention and health promotion initiative of the Carter Administration. Broad national consensus had been sought in the formulation of 226 measurable objectives for the decade. We classify the prevention objectives according to their position in an implied causal chain: 1) improved programs, 2) increased public and professional awareness, 3) reduced risk factors, and 4) improved health status. Prior to 1980, the data systems and periodic surveys sponsored by federal agencies and national organizations covered only four of the 42 objectives in the public and professional awareness category, whereas at least half of the objectives in each of the other three categories were covered by available national data sources, mostly federal. Sample surveys are needed to measure the majority of the currently unmeasured objectives in all four categories. Private and state health interview surveys are needed to supplement the federal capacity, especially in the face of federal cutbacks in survey capacity.
- Published
- 1983
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Data requirements and the objectives for the nation.
- Author
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Green LW and Bauer KG
- Subjects
- Health Promotion, United States, Health Policy, Preventive Medicine
- Published
- 1983
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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