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1. Use of quantitative molecular diagnostic methods to assess the aetiology, burden, and clinical characteristics of diarrhoea in children in low-resource settings: a reanalysis of the MAL-ED cohort study

Author

Acosta, Angel Mendez, Rios de Burga, Rosa, Chavez, Cesar Banda, Flores, Julian Torres, Olotegui, Maribel Paredes, Pinedo, Silvia Rengifo, Trigoso, Dixner Rengifo, Vasquez, Angel Orbe, Ahmed, Imran, Alam, Didar, Ali, Asad, Rasheed, Muneera, Soofi, Sajid, Turab, Ali, Yousafzai, Aisha, Zaidi, Anita KM, Shrestha, Binob, Rayamajhi, Bishnu Bahadur, Strand, Tor, Ammu, Geetha, Babji, Sudhir, Bose, Anuradha, George, Ajila T, Hariraju, Dinesh, Jennifer, M. Steffi, John, Sushil, Kaki, Shiny, Karunakaran, Priyadarshani, Koshy, Beena, Lazarus, Robin P, Muliyil, Jayaprakash, Ragasudha, Preethi, Raghava, Mohan Venkata, Raju, Sophy, Ramachandran, Anup, Ramadas, Rakhi, Ramanujam, Karthikeyan, Rose, Anuradha, Roshan, Reeba, Sharma, Srujan L, Sundaram, Shanmuga, Thomas, Rahul J, Pan, William K, Ambikapathi, Ramya, Carreon, J Daniel, Doan, Viyada, Hoest, Christel, Knobler, Stacey, Miller, Mark A, Psaki, Stephanie, Rasmussen, Zeba, Richard, Stephanie A, Tountas, Karen H, Svensen, Erling, Amour, Caroline, Bayyo, Eliwaza, Mvungi, Regisiana, Pascal, John, Yarrot, Ladislaus, Barrett, Leah, Dillingham, Rebecca, Petri, William A, Scharf, Rebecca, Ahmed, AM Shamsir, Alam, Md Ashraful, Haque, Umma, Hossain, Md Iqbal, Islam, Munirul, Mahfuz, Mustafa, Mondal, Dinesh, Nahar, Baitun, Tofail, Fahmida, Chandyo, Ram Krishna, Shrestha, Prakash Sunder, Shrestha, Rita, Ulak, Manjeswori, Bauck, Aubrey, Black, Robert, Caulfield, Laura, Checkley, William, Lee, Gwenyth, Schulze, Kerry, Scott, Samuel, Murray-Kolb, Laura E, Ross, A Catharine, Schaefer, Barbara, Simons, Suzanne, Pendergast, Laura, Abreu, Cláudia B, Costa, Hilda, Di Moura, Alessandra, Filho, José Quirino, Leite, Álvaro M, Lima, Noélia L, Lima, Ila F, Maciel, Bruna LL, Medeiros, Pedro HQS, Moraes, Milena, Mota, Francisco S, Oriá, Reinaldo B, Quetz, Josiane, Soares, Alberto M, Mota, Rosa MS, Patil, Crystal L, Mahopo, Cloupas, Maphula, Angelina, Nyathi, Emanuel, Platts-Mills, James A, Liu, Jie, Rogawski, Elizabeth T, Kabir, Furqan, Lertsethtakarn, Paphavee, Siguas, Mery, Khan, Shaila S, Praharaj, Ira, Murei, Arinao, Nshama, Rosemary, Mujaga, Buliga, Havt, Alexandre, Maciel, Irene A, McMurry, Timothy L, Operario, Darwin J, Taniuchi, Mami, Gratz, Jean, Stroup, Suzanne E, Roberts, James H, Kalam, Adil, Aziz, Fatima, Qureshi, Shahida, Islam, M Ohedul, Sakpaisal, Pimmada, Silapong, Sasikorn, Yori, Pablo P, Rajendiran, Revathi, Benny, Blossom, McGrath, Monica, McCormick, Benjamin J J, Seidman, Jessica C, Lang, Dennis, Gottlieb, Michael, Guerrant, Richard L, Lima, Aldo A M, Leite, Jose Paulo, Samie, Amidou, Bessong, Pascal O, Page, Nicola, Bodhidatta, Ladaporn, Mason, Carl, Shrestha, Sanjaya, Kiwelu, Ireen, Mduma, Estomih R, Iqbal, Najeeha T, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Ahmed, Tahmeed, Haque, Rashidul, Kang, Gagandeep, Kosek, Margaret N, and Houpt, Eric R

Published
2018
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2. Use of quantitative molecular diagnostic methods to investigate the effect of enteropathogen infections on linear growth in children in low-resource settings: longitudinal analysis of results from the MAL-ED cohort study

Author

Acosta, Angel Mendez, Rios de Burga, Rosa, Chavez, Cesar Banda, Flores, Julian Torres, Olotegui, Maribel Paredes, Pinedo, Silvia Rengifo, Trigoso, Dixner Rengifo, Vasquez, Angel Orbe, Ahmed, Imran, Alam, Didar, Ali, Asad, Rasheed, Muneera, Soofi, Sajid, Turab, Ali, Yousafzai, Aisha, Zaidi, Anita KM, Shrestha, Binob, Rayamajhi, Bishnu Bahadur, Strand, Tor, Ammu, Geetha, Babji, Sudhir, Bose, Anuradha, George, Ajila T, Hariraju, Dinesh, Jennifer, M. Steffi, John, Sushil, Kaki, Shiny, Karunakaran, Priyadarshani, Koshy, Beena, Lazarus, Robin P, Muliyil, Jayaprakash, Ragasudha, Preethi, Raghava, Mohan Venkata, Raju, Sophy, Ramachandran, Anup, Ramadas, Rakhi, Ramanujam, Karthikeyan, Rose, Anuradha, Roshan, Reeba, Sharma, Srujan L, Sundaram, Shanmuga, Thomas, Rahul J, Pan, William K, Ambikapathi, Ramya, Carreon, J Daniel, Doan, Viyada, Hoest, Christel, Knobler, Stacey, Miller, Mark A, Psaki, Stephanie, Rasmussen, Zeba, Richard, Stephanie A, Tountas, Karen H, Svensen, Erling, Amour, Caroline, Bayyo, Eliwaza, Mvungi, Regisiana, Pascal, John, Yarrot, Ladislaus, Barrett, Leah, Dillingham, Rebecca, Petri, William A, Scharf, Rebecca, Ahmed, AM Shamsir, Alam, Md Ashraful, Haque, Umma, Hossain, Md Iqbal, Islam, Munirul, Mahfuz, Mustafa, Mondal, Dinesh, Nahar, Baitun, Tofail, Fahmida, Chandyo, Ram Krishna, Shrestha, Prakash Sunder, Shrestha, Rita, Ulak, Manjeswori, Bauck, Aubrey, Black, Robert, Caulfield, Laura, Checkley, William, Lee, Gwenyth, Schulze, Kerry, Scott, Samuel, Murray-Kolb, Laura E, Ross, A Catharine, Schaefer, Barbara, Simons, Suzanne, Pendergast, Laura, Abreu, Cláudia B, Costa, Hilda, Di Moura, Alessandra, Filho, José Quirino, Leite, Álvaro M, Lima, Noélia L, Lima, Ila F, Maciel, Bruna LL, Medeiros, Pedro HQS, Moraes, Milena, Mota, Francisco S, Oriá, Reinaldo B, Quetz, Josiane, Soares, Alberto M, Mota, Rosa MS, Patil, Crystal L, Mahopo, Cloupas, Maphula, Angelina, Nyathi, Emanuel, Rogawski, Elizabeth T, Liu, Jie, Platts-Mills, James A, Kabir, Furqan, Lertsethtakarn, Paphavee, Siguas, Mery, Khan, Shaila S, Praharaj, Ira, Murei, Arinao, Nshama, Rosemary, Mujaga, Buliga, Havt, Alexandre, Maciel, Irene A, Operario, Darwin J, Taniuchi, Mami, Gratz, Jean, Stroup, Suzanne E, Roberts, James H, Kalam, Adil, Aziz, Fatima, Qureshi, Shahida, Islam, M Ohedul, Sakpaisal, Pimmada, Silapong, Sasikorn, Yori, Pablo P, Rajendiran, Revathi, Benny, Blossom, McGrath, Monica, Seidman, Jessica C, Lang, Dennis, Gottlieb, Michael, Guerrant, Richard L, Lima, Aldo A M, Leite, Jose Paulo, Samie, Amidou, Bessong, Pascal O, Page, Nicola, Bodhidatta, Ladaporn, Mason, Carl, Shrestha, Sanjaya, Kiwelu, Ireen, Mduma, Estomih R, Iqbal, Najeeha T, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Ahmed, Tahmeed, Haque, Rashidul, Kang, Gagandeep, Kosek, Margaret N, and Houpt, Eric R

Published
2018
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4. Full breastfeeding protection against common enteric bacteria and viruses: results from the MAL-ED cohort study

Author

Mccormick, Benjamin J. J, Richard, Stephanie A, Murray-Kolb, Laura E, Kang, Gagandeep, Lima, Aldo A. M, Mduma, Estomih, Kosek, Margaret N, Rogawski Mcquade, Elizabeth T, Houpt, Eric R, Bessong, Pascal, Shrestha, Sanjaya, Bhutta, Zulfiqar, Ahmed, Tahmeed, Caulfield, Laura E, Acosta, Angel Mendez, De Burga, Rosa Rios, Chavez, Cesar Banda, Flores, Julian Torres, Olotegui, Maribel Paredes, Pinedo, Silvia Rengifo, Salas, Mery Siguas, Trigoso, Dixner Rengifo, Vasquez, Angel Orbe, Ahmed, Imran, Alam, Didar, Ali, Asad, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Qureshi, Shahida, Rasheed, Muneera Abdul, Soofi, Sajid, Turab, Ali, Yousafzai, Aisha, Zaidi, Anita K. M., Bodhidatta, Ladaporn, Ammu, Geetha, Babji, Sudhir, Bose, Anuradha, George, Ajila T., Hariraju, Dinesh, Jennifer, M Steffi, John, Sushil, Kaki, Shiny, Karunakaran, Priyadarshani, Koshy, Beena, Lazarus, Robin P., Muliyil, Jayaprakash, Ragasudha, Preethi, Raghava, Mohan Venkata, Raju, Sophy, Ramachandran, Anup, Ramadas, Rakhi, Ramanujam, Karthikeyan, Rose, Anuradha, Roshan, Reeba, Sharma, Srujan L., Shanmuga Sundaram, Sundaram, Thomas, Rahul J., Pan, William K., Ambikapathi, Ramya, Carreon, J. Daniel, Doan, Viyada, Hoest, Christel, Knobler, Stacey, McCormick, Benjamin J. J., McGrath, Monica, Miller, Mark A., Psaki, Stephanie, Rasmussen, Zeba, Seidman, Jessica C., Gottlieb, Michael, Lang, Dennis R., Tountas, Karen H., Svensen, Erling, Amour, Caroline, Bayyo, Eliwaza, Mduma, Estomih R., Mvungi, Regisiana, Nshama, Rosemary, Pascal, John, Swema, Buliga Mujaga, Yarrot, Ladislaus, Mason, Carl J., Shamsir Ahmed, Ahmed, Alam, Md Ashraful, Haque, Rashidul, Haque, Umma, Hossain, Md Iqbal, Islam, Munirul, Mahfuz, Mustafa, Mondal, Dinesh, Nahar, Baitun, Tofail, Fahmida, Chandyo, Ram Krishna, Shrestha, Prakash Sunder, Shrestha, Rita, Chandyo, Manjeswori Ulak, Bauck, Aubrey, Black, Robert E., Checkley, William, Lee, Gwenyth O., Schulze, Kerry, Yori, Pablo Peñataro, Ross, A. Catharine, Schaefer, Barbara, Simons, Suzanne, Pendergast, Laura, Abreu, Cláudia B., Costa, Hilda, Di Moura, Alessandra, Filho, José Quirino, Havt, Alexandre, Leite, Álvaro M., Lima, Noélia L., Lima, Ila F., Maciel, Bruna L. L., Medeiros, Pedro H. Q. S., Moraes, Milena, Mota, Francisco S., Oriá, Reinaldo B., Quetz, Josiane, Soares, Alberto M., Mota, Rosa M. S., Patil, Crystal L., Mahopo, Cloupas, Maphula, Angelina, Nyathi, Emanuel, Samie, Amidou, Barrett, Leah, Dillingham, Rebecca, Gratz, Jean, Guerrant, Richard L., Houpt, Eric, Petri, William A., Platts-Mills, James, Rogawski, Elizabeth, Scharf, Rebecca, Rogawski, Elizabeth T., Shrestha, Binob, Rayamajhi, Bishnu Bahadur, and Strand, Tor Arne

Subjects
Diarrhea, medicine.medical_specialty, Breastfeeding, Medicine (miscellaneous), Cryptosporidiosis, Cryptosporidium, Breast milk, medicine.disease_cause, Astrovirus, Cohort Studies, Internal medicine, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Rotavirus, parasitic diseases, medicine, Escherichia coli, Humans, Nutrition and Dietetics, biology, business.industry, Campylobacter, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Sapovirus, biology.organism_classification, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Breast Feeding, Viruses, Norovirus, Female, business
Abstract

Background Breastfeeding is known to reduce risk of enteropathogen infections, but protection from specific enteropathogens is not well characterized. Objective To estimate the association between full breastfeeding (days fed breast milk exclusively or with non-nutritive liquids) and enteropathogen detection. Design 2,145 newborns were enrolled in eight sites, of whom 1,712 had breastfeeding and key enteropathogen data through 6 months. We focused on eleven enteropathogens: adenovirus 40/41, norovirus, sapovirus, astrovirus, and rotavirus, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), Campylobacter spp, and typical enteropathogenic E. coli as well as entero-aggregative E. coli, Shigella and Cryptosporidium. Logistic regression was used to estimate the risk of enteropathogen detection in stools and survival analysis to estimate the timing of first detection of an enteropathogen. Results Infants with 10% more days of full breastfeeding within the preceding 30 days of a stool sample were less likely to have the three E. Coli and Campylobacter spp detected in their stool (mean odds 0.92���0.99) but equally likely (0.99���1.02) to have the viral pathogens detected in their stool. A 10% longer period of full breastfeeding from birth was associated with later first detection of the three E. Coli, Campylobacter, adenovirus, astrovirus, and rotavirus (mean hazard ratios of 0.52���0.75). The hazards declined and point estimates were not statistically significant at 3 months. Conclusions In this large multi-center cohort study, full breastfeeding was associated with lower likelihood of detecting four important enteric pathogens in the first six months of life. These results also show that full breastfeeding is related to delays in the first detection of some bacterial and viral pathogens in the stool. As several of these pathogens are risk factors for poor growth during childhood, this work underscores the importance of exclusive or full breastfeeding during the first six months of life to optimize early health., Accepted for publication in AJCN

Published
2021

8. Causal Pathways from Enteropathogens to Environmental Enteropathy: Findings from the MAL-ED Birth Cohort Study

Author

Kosek, Margaret, Ahmed, Tahmeed, Bhutta, Zulfiquar, Caulfield, Laura, Guerrant, Richard, Houpt, Eric, Kang, Gagandeep, Lee, Gwenyth, Lima, Aldo, McCormick, Benjamin J.J., Platts-Mills, James, Seidman, Jessica, Blank, Rebecca R., Gottlieb, Michael, Knobler, Stacey L., Lang, Dennis R., Miller, Mark A., Tountas, Karen H., Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Checkley, William, Guerrant, Richard L., Kosek, Margaret N., Mason, Carl J., Murray-Kolb, Laura E., Petri Jr., William A., Seidman, Jessica C., Bessong, Pascal, Haque, Rashidul, John, Sushil, Lima, Aldo A.M., Mduma, Estomih R., Oriá, Reinaldo B., Shrestha, Prakash Sunder, Shrestha, Sanjaya Kumar, Svensen, Erling, Zaidi, Anita K.M., Abreu, Cláudia B., Acosta, Angel Mendez, Ahmed, Imran, Shamsir Ahmed, A.M., Ali, Asad, Ambikapathi, Ramya, Barrett, Leah, Bauck, Aubrey, Bayyo, Eliwaza, Bodhidatta, Ladaporn, Bose, Anuradha, Daniel Carreon, J., Chandyo, Ram Krishna, Charu, Vivek, Costa, Hilda, Dillingham, Rebecca, Di Moura, Alessandra, Doan, Viyada, Filho, Jose Quirino, Graham, Jhanelle, Hoest, Christel, Hossain, Iqbal, Islam, Munirul, Steffi Jennifer, M., Kaki, Shiny, Koshy, Beena, Leite, Álvaro M., Lima, Noélia L., Maciel, Bruna L.L., Mahfuz, Mustafa, Mahopo, Cloupas, Maphula, Angelina, McGrath, Monica, Mohale, Archana, Moraes, Milena, Mota, Francisco S., Muliyil, Jayaprakash, Mvungi, Regisiana, Nayyar, Gaurvika, Nyathi, Emanuel, Olortegui, Maribel Paredes, Oria, Reinaldo, Vasquez, Angel Orbe, Pan, William K., Pascal, John, Patil, Crystal L., Pendergast, Laura, Pinedo, Silvia Rengifo, Psaki, Stephanie, Raghava, Mohan Venkata, Ramanujam, Karthikeyan, Rasheed, Muneera, Rasmussen, Zeba A., Richard, Stephanie A., Rose, Anuradha, Roshan, Reeba, Schaefer, Barbara, Scharf, Rebecca, Sharma, Srujan L., Shrestha, Binob, Shrestha, Rita, Simons, Suzanne, Soares, Alberto M., Mota, Rosa M.S., Soofi, Sajid, Strand, Tor, Tofail, Fahmida, Thomas, Rahul J., Turab, Ali, Ulak, Manjeswori, Wang, Vivian, Yarrot, Ladislaus, Yori, Pablo Peñataro, Alam, Didar, Amour, Caroline, Chavez, Cesar Banda, Babji, Sudhir, de Burga, Rosa Rios, Flores, Julian Torres, Gratz, Jean, George, Ajila T., Hariraju, Dinesh, Havt, Alexandre, Karunakaran, Priyadarshani, Lazarus, Robin P., Lima, Ila F., Mondal, Dinesh, Medeiros, Pedro H.Q.S., Nshama, Rosemary, Quetz, Josiane, Qureshi, Shahida, Raju, Sophy, Ramachandran, Anup, Ramadas, Rakhi, Catharine Ross, A., Salas, Mery Siguas, Samie, Amidou, Schulze, Kerry, Shanmuga Sundaram, E., Swema, Buliga Mujaga, and Trigoso, Dixner Rengifo

Subjects
Child health, Stunting, lcsh:R5-920, Child growth, lcsh:R, lcsh:Medicine, Undernutrition, Enteropathogen, lcsh:Medicine (General), Enteropathy
Abstract

Background: Environmental enteropathy (EE), the adverse impact of frequent and numerous enteric infections on the gut resulting in a state of persistent immune activation and altered permeability, has been proposed as a key determinant of growth failure in children in low- and middle-income populations. A theory-driven systems model to critically evaluate pathways through which enteropathogens, gut permeability, and intestinal and systemic inflammation affect child growth was conducted within the framework of the Etiology, Risk Factors and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development (MAL-ED) birth cohort study that included children from eight countries. Methods: Non-diarrheal stool samples (N = 22,846) from 1253 children from multiple sites were evaluated for a panel of 40 enteropathogens and fecal concentrations of myeloperoxidase, alpha-1-antitrypsin, and neopterin. Among these same children, urinary lactulose:mannitol (L:M) (N = 6363) and plasma alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) (N = 2797) were also measured. The temporal sampling design was used to create a directed acyclic graph of proposed mechanistic pathways between enteropathogen detection in non-diarrheal stools, biomarkers of intestinal permeability and inflammation, systemic inflammation and change in length- and weight- for age in children 0–2 years of age. Findings: Children in these populations had frequent enteric infections and high levels of both intestinal and systemic inflammation. Higher burdens of enteropathogens, especially those categorized as being enteroinvasive or causing mucosal disruption, were associated with elevated biomarker concentrations of gut and systemic inflammation and, via these associations, indirectly associated with both reduced linear and ponderal growth. Evidence for the association with reduced linear growth was stronger for systemic inflammation than for gut inflammation; the opposite was true of reduced ponderal growth. Although Giardia was associated with reduced growth, the association was not mediated by any of the biomarkers evaluated. Interpretation: The large quantity of empirical evidence contributing to this analysis supports the conceptual model of EE. The effects of EE on growth faltering in young children were small, but multiple mechanistic pathways underlying the attribution of growth failure to asymptomatic enteric infections had statistical support in the analysis. The strongest evidence for EE was the association between enteropathogens and linear growth mediated through systemic inflammation. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Published
2017

9. La Niña weather impacts dietary patterns and dietary diversity among children in the Peruvian Amazon.

Author

Ambikapathi, Ramya, Kosek, Margaret N, Lee, Gwenyth O, Olortegui, Maribel Paredes, Zaitchik, Benjamin, Peñataro Yori, Pablo, Bauck, Aubrey, and Caulfield, Laura E

Subjects
LA Nina, SUBURBS, SEASONS, WEATHER, CONSUMPTION (Economics), SOUTHERN oscillation, RESEARCH, SOCIAL participation, ANIMAL experimentation, RESEARCH methodology, ARTHRITIS Impact Measurement Scales, DIET, MEDICAL cooperation, EVALUATION research, CLIMATOLOGY, COMPARATIVE studies, PSYCHOLOGICAL tests, IMPACT of Event Scale, LONGITUDINAL method
Abstract

Objective: In 2011-2012, severe El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) conditions (La Niña) led to massive flooding and temporarily displacement in the Peruvian Amazon. Our aims were to examine the impact of this ENSO exposure on child diets, in particular: (1) frequency of food consumption patterns, (2) the amount of food consumed (g/d), (3) dietary diversity (DD), (4) consumption of donated foods, among children aged 9-36 months living in the outskirts of City of Iquitos in the Amazonian Peru.Design: This was a longitudinal study that used quantitative 24-h recall dietary data collection from children aged 9-36 months from 2010 to 2014 as part of the MAL-ED birth cohort study.Setting: Iquitos, Loreto, Peru.Participants: Two hundred and fifty-two mother-child dyads.Results: The frequency of grains, rice, dairy and sugar in meals reduced by 5-7 %, while the frequency of plantain in meals increased by 24 % after adjusting for covariates. ENSO exposure reduced girl's intake of plantains and sugar. Despite seasonal fluctuations in the availability of fruits, vegetables and fish, DD remained constant across seasons and as children aged. However, DD was significantly reduced under moderate La Niña conditions by 0·32 (P < 0·05) food groups. Adaptive social strategies such as consumption of donated foods were significantly higher among households with girls.Conclusions: This is the first empirical study to show differential effect of the ENSO on the dietary patterns of children, highlighting differences by gender. Public health nutrition programmes should be climate- and gender-sensitive in their efforts to safeguard the diets of vulnerable populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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10. Epidemiology and Impact of Campylobacter Infection in Children in 8 Low-Resource Settings: Results From the MAL-ED Study

Author

Amour, Caroline, Gratz, Jean, Mduma, Estomih, Svensen, Erling, Rogawski, Elizabeth T., McGrath, Monica, Seidman, Jessica C., McCormick, Benjamin J. J., Shrestha, Sanjaya, Samie, Amidou, Mahfuz, Mustafa, Qureshi, Shahida, Hotwani, Aneeta, Babji, Sudhir, Trigoso, Dixner Rengifo, Lima, Aldo A. M., Bodhidatta, Ladaporn, Bessong, Pascal, Ahmed, Tahmeed, Shakoor, Sadia, Kang, Gagandeep, Kosek, Margaret, Guerrant, Richard L., Lang, Dennis, Gottlieb, Michael, Houpt, Eric R., Platts-Mills, James A., Acosta, Angel Mendez, de Burga, Rosa Rios, Chavez, Cesar Banda, Flores, Julian Torres, Olotegui, Maribel Paredes, Pinedo, Silvia Rengifo, Salas, Mery Siguas, Vasquez, Angel Orbe, Ahmed, Imran, Alam, Didar, Ali, Asad, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Rasheed, Muneera, Soofi, Sajid, Turab, Ali, Zaidi, Anita K.M., Mason, Carl J., Bose, Anuradha, George, Ajila T., Hariraju, Dinesh, Jennifer, M. Steffi, John, Sushil, Kaki, Shiny, Karunakaran, Priyadarshani, Koshy, Beena, Lazarus, Robin P., Muliyil, Jayaprakash, Raghava, Mohan Venkata, Raju, Sophy, Ramachandran, Anup, Ramadas, Rakhi, Ramanujam, Karthikeyan, Rose, Anuradha, Roshan, Reeba, Sharma, Srujan L., Sundaram, Shanmuga, Thomas, Rahul J., Pan, William K., Ambikapathi, Ramya, Carreon, J. Daniel, Charu, Vivek, Doan, Viyada, Graham, Jhanelle, Hoest, Christel, Knobler, Stacey, Lang, Dennis R., McCormick, Benjamin J.J., Miller, Mark A., Mohale, Archana, Nayyar, Gaurvika, Psaki, Stephanie, Rasmussen, Zeba, Richard, Stephanie A., Wang, Vivian, Blank, Rebecca, Tountas, Karen H., Bayyo, Eliwaza, Mduma, Estomih R., Mvungi, Regisiana, Nshama, Rosemary, Pascal, John, Swema, Buliga Mujaga, Yarrot, Ladislaus, Ahmed, A.M. Shamsir, Haque, Rashidul, Hossain, Iqbal, Islam, Munirul, Mondal, Dinesh, Tofail, Fahmida, Chandyo, Ram Krishna, Shrestha, Prakash Sunder, Shrestha, Rita, Ulak, Manjeswori, Bauck, Aubrey, Black, Robert, Caulfield, Laura, Checkley, William, Kosek, Margaret N., Lee, Gwenyth, Schulze, Kerry, Yori, Pablo Peñataro, Murray-Kolb, Laura E., Ross, A. Catharine, Schaefer, Barbara, Simons, Suzanne, Pendergast, Laura, Abreu, Cláudia B., Costa, Hilda, Di Moura, Alessandra, Filho, José Quirino, Havt, Alexandre, Leite, Álvaro M., Lima, Aldo A.M., Lima, Noélia L., Lima, Ila F., Maciel, Bruna L.L., Medeiros, Pedro H.Q.S., Moraes, Milena, Mota, Francisco S., Oriá, Reinaldo B., Quetz, Josiane, Soares, Alberto M., Mota, Rosa M.S., Patil, Crystal L., Mahopo, Cloupas, Maphula, Angelina, Nyathi, Emanuel, Barrett, Leah, Dillingham, Rebecca, Houpt, Eric, Petri, William A., Platts-Mills, James, Scharf, Rebecca, Shrestha, Binob, Shrestha, Sanjaya Kumar, and Strand, Tor

Subjects
Diarrhea, Male, growth, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Campylobacter, Gastroenteritis, Cohort Studies, Editor's Choice, Child Development, children, Cost of Illness, inflammation, Risk Factors, Campylobacter Infections, Prevalence, Humans, Female, Prospective Studies, Articles and Commentaries, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

In a multisite birth cohort study, we document a high burden of Campylobacter infection using enzyme immunoassay, demonstrate an association between Campylobacter and linear growth shortfalls and both increased intestinal permeability and intestinal and systemic inflammation, and identify potential interventions., Background. Enteropathogen infections have been associated with enteric dysfunction and impaired growth in children in low-resource settings. In a multisite birth cohort study (MAL-ED), we describe the epidemiology and impact of Campylobacter infection in the first 2 years of life. Methods. Children were actively followed up until 24 months of age. Diarrheal and nondiarrheal stool samples were collected and tested by enzyme immunoassay for Campylobacter. Stool and blood samples were assayed for markers of intestinal permeability and inflammation. Results. A total of 1892 children had 7601 diarrheal and 26 267 nondiarrheal stool samples tested for Campylobacter. We describe a high prevalence of infection, with most children (n = 1606; 84.9%) having a Campylobacter-positive stool sample by 1 year of age. Factors associated with a reduced risk of Campylobacter detection included exclusive breastfeeding (risk ratio, 0.57; 95% confidence interval, .47–.67), treatment of drinking water (0.76; 0.70–0.83), access to an improved latrine (0.89; 0.82–0.97), and recent macrolide antibiotic use (0.68; 0.63–0.74). A high Campylobacter burden was associated with a lower length-for-age Z score at 24 months (−1.82; 95% confidence interval, −1.94 to −1.70) compared with a low burden (−1.49; −1.60 to −1.38). This association was robust to confounders and consistent across sites. Campylobacter infection was also associated with increased intestinal permeability and intestinal and systemic inflammation. Conclusions. Campylobacter was prevalent across diverse settings and associated with growth shortfalls. Promotion of exclusive breastfeeding, drinking water treatment, improved latrines, and targeted antibiotic treatment may reduce the burden of Campylobacter infection and improve growth in children in these settings.

Published
2016

12. Intestinal permeability and inflammation mediate the association between nutrient density of complementary foods and biochemical measures of micronutrient status in young children: results from the MAL-ED study

Author

McCormick, Benjamin JJ, primary, Murray-Kolb, Laura E, additional, Lee, Gwenyth O, additional, Schulze, Kerry J, additional, Ross, A Catharine, additional, Bauck, Aubrey, additional, Lima, Aldo AM, additional, Maciel, Bruna LL, additional, Kosek, Margaret N, additional, Seidman, Jessica C, additional, Ambikapathi, Ramya, additional, Bose, Anuradha, additional, John, Sushil, additional, Kang, Gagandeep, additional, Turab, Ali, additional, Mduma, Estomih, additional, Bessong, Pascal, additional, Shrestra, Sanjaya K, additional, Ahmed, Tahmeed, additional, Mahfuz, Mustafa, additional, Olortegui, Maribel Paredes, additional, Bhutta, Zulfiqar, additional, and Caulfield, Laura E, additional

Published
2019
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13. Use of quantitative molecular diagnostic methods to assess the aetiology, burden, and clinical characteristics of diarrhoea in children in low-resource settings: a reanalysis of the MAL-ED cohort study

Author

Platts-Mills, James A, primary, Liu, Jie, additional, Rogawski, Elizabeth T, additional, Kabir, Furqan, additional, Lertsethtakarn, Paphavee, additional, Siguas, Mery, additional, Khan, Shaila S, additional, Praharaj, Ira, additional, Murei, Arinao, additional, Nshama, Rosemary, additional, Mujaga, Buliga, additional, Havt, Alexandre, additional, Maciel, Irene A, additional, McMurry, Timothy L, additional, Operario, Darwin J, additional, Taniuchi, Mami, additional, Gratz, Jean, additional, Stroup, Suzanne E, additional, Roberts, James H, additional, Kalam, Adil, additional, Aziz, Fatima, additional, Qureshi, Shahida, additional, Islam, M Ohedul, additional, Sakpaisal, Pimmada, additional, Silapong, Sasikorn, additional, Yori, Pablo P, additional, Rajendiran, Revathi, additional, Benny, Blossom, additional, McGrath, Monica, additional, McCormick, Benjamin J J, additional, Seidman, Jessica C, additional, Lang, Dennis, additional, Gottlieb, Michael, additional, Guerrant, Richard L, additional, Lima, Aldo A M, additional, Leite, Jose Paulo, additional, Samie, Amidou, additional, Bessong, Pascal O, additional, Page, Nicola, additional, Bodhidatta, Ladaporn, additional, Mason, Carl, additional, Shrestha, Sanjaya, additional, Kiwelu, Ireen, additional, Mduma, Estomih R, additional, Iqbal, Najeeha T, additional, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, additional, Ahmed, Tahmeed, additional, Haque, Rashidul, additional, Kang, Gagandeep, additional, Kosek, Margaret N, additional, Houpt, Eric R, additional, Acosta, Angel Mendez, additional, Rios de Burga, Rosa, additional, Chavez, Cesar Banda, additional, Flores, Julian Torres, additional, Olotegui, Maribel Paredes, additional, Pinedo, Silvia Rengifo, additional, Trigoso, Dixner Rengifo, additional, Vasquez, Angel Orbe, additional, Ahmed, Imran, additional, Alam, Didar, additional, Ali, Asad, additional, Rasheed, Muneera, additional, Soofi, Sajid, additional, Turab, Ali, additional, Yousafzai, Aisha, additional, Zaidi, Anita KM, additional, Shrestha, Binob, additional, Rayamajhi, Bishnu Bahadur, additional, Strand, Tor, additional, Ammu, Geetha, additional, Babji, Sudhir, additional, Bose, Anuradha, additional, George, Ajila T, additional, Hariraju, Dinesh, additional, Jennifer, M. Steffi, additional, John, Sushil, additional, Kaki, Shiny, additional, Karunakaran, Priyadarshani, additional, Koshy, Beena, additional, Lazarus, Robin P, additional, Muliyil, Jayaprakash, additional, Ragasudha, Preethi, additional, Raghava, Mohan Venkata, additional, Raju, Sophy, additional, Ramachandran, Anup, additional, Ramadas, Rakhi, additional, Ramanujam, Karthikeyan, additional, Rose, Anuradha, additional, Roshan, Reeba, additional, Sharma, Srujan L, additional, Sundaram, Shanmuga, additional, Thomas, Rahul J, additional, Pan, William K, additional, Ambikapathi, Ramya, additional, Carreon, J Daniel, additional, Doan, Viyada, additional, Hoest, Christel, additional, Knobler, Stacey, additional, Miller, Mark A, additional, Psaki, Stephanie, additional, Rasmussen, Zeba, additional, Richard, Stephanie A, additional, Tountas, Karen H, additional, Svensen, Erling, additional, Amour, Caroline, additional, Bayyo, Eliwaza, additional, Mvungi, Regisiana, additional, Pascal, John, additional, Yarrot, Ladislaus, additional, Barrett, Leah, additional, Dillingham, Rebecca, additional, Petri, William A, additional, Scharf, Rebecca, additional, Ahmed, AM Shamsir, additional, Alam, Md Ashraful, additional, Haque, Umma, additional, Hossain, Md Iqbal, additional, Islam, Munirul, additional, Mahfuz, Mustafa, additional, Mondal, Dinesh, additional, Nahar, Baitun, additional, Tofail, Fahmida, additional, Chandyo, Ram Krishna, additional, Shrestha, Prakash Sunder, additional, Shrestha, Rita, additional, Ulak, Manjeswori, additional, Bauck, Aubrey, additional, Black, Robert, additional, Caulfield, Laura, additional, Checkley, William, additional, Lee, Gwenyth, additional, Schulze, Kerry, additional, Scott, Samuel, additional, Murray-Kolb, Laura E, additional, Ross, A Catharine, additional, Schaefer, Barbara, additional, Simons, Suzanne, additional, Pendergast, Laura, additional, Abreu, Cláudia B, additional, Costa, Hilda, additional, Di Moura, Alessandra, additional, Filho, José Quirino, additional, Leite, Álvaro M, additional, Lima, Noélia L, additional, Lima, Ila F, additional, Maciel, Bruna LL, additional, Medeiros, Pedro HQS, additional, Moraes, Milena, additional, Mota, Francisco S, additional, Oriá, Reinaldo B, additional, Quetz, Josiane, additional, Soares, Alberto M, additional, Mota, Rosa MS, additional, Patil, Crystal L, additional, Mahopo, Cloupas, additional, Maphula, Angelina, additional, and Nyathi, Emanuel, additional

Published
2018
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14. Use of quantitative molecular diagnostic methods to investigate the effect of enteropathogen infections on linear growth in children in low-resource settings: longitudinal analysis of results from the MAL-ED cohort study

Author

Rogawski, Elizabeth T, primary, Liu, Jie, additional, Platts-Mills, James A, additional, Kabir, Furqan, additional, Lertsethtakarn, Paphavee, additional, Siguas, Mery, additional, Khan, Shaila S, additional, Praharaj, Ira, additional, Murei, Arinao, additional, Nshama, Rosemary, additional, Mujaga, Buliga, additional, Havt, Alexandre, additional, Maciel, Irene A, additional, Operario, Darwin J, additional, Taniuchi, Mami, additional, Gratz, Jean, additional, Stroup, Suzanne E, additional, Roberts, James H, additional, Kalam, Adil, additional, Aziz, Fatima, additional, Qureshi, Shahida, additional, Islam, M Ohedul, additional, Sakpaisal, Pimmada, additional, Silapong, Sasikorn, additional, Yori, Pablo P, additional, Rajendiran, Revathi, additional, Benny, Blossom, additional, McGrath, Monica, additional, Seidman, Jessica C, additional, Lang, Dennis, additional, Gottlieb, Michael, additional, Guerrant, Richard L, additional, Lima, Aldo A M, additional, Leite, Jose Paulo, additional, Samie, Amidou, additional, Bessong, Pascal O, additional, Page, Nicola, additional, Bodhidatta, Ladaporn, additional, Mason, Carl, additional, Shrestha, Sanjaya, additional, Kiwelu, Ireen, additional, Mduma, Estomih R, additional, Iqbal, Najeeha T, additional, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, additional, Ahmed, Tahmeed, additional, Haque, Rashidul, additional, Kang, Gagandeep, additional, Kosek, Margaret N, additional, Houpt, Eric R, additional, Acosta, Angel Mendez, additional, Rios de Burga, Rosa, additional, Chavez, Cesar Banda, additional, Flores, Julian Torres, additional, Olotegui, Maribel Paredes, additional, Pinedo, Silvia Rengifo, additional, Trigoso, Dixner Rengifo, additional, Vasquez, Angel Orbe, additional, Ahmed, Imran, additional, Alam, Didar, additional, Ali, Asad, additional, Rasheed, Muneera, additional, Soofi, Sajid, additional, Turab, Ali, additional, Yousafzai, Aisha, additional, Zaidi, Anita KM, additional, Shrestha, Binob, additional, Rayamajhi, Bishnu Bahadur, additional, Strand, Tor, additional, Ammu, Geetha, additional, Babji, Sudhir, additional, Bose, Anuradha, additional, George, Ajila T, additional, Hariraju, Dinesh, additional, Jennifer, M. Steffi, additional, John, Sushil, additional, Kaki, Shiny, additional, Karunakaran, Priyadarshani, additional, Koshy, Beena, additional, Lazarus, Robin P, additional, Muliyil, Jayaprakash, additional, Ragasudha, Preethi, additional, Raghava, Mohan Venkata, additional, Raju, Sophy, additional, Ramachandran, Anup, additional, Ramadas, Rakhi, additional, Ramanujam, Karthikeyan, additional, Rose, Anuradha, additional, Roshan, Reeba, additional, Sharma, Srujan L, additional, Sundaram, Shanmuga, additional, Thomas, Rahul J, additional, Pan, William K, additional, Ambikapathi, Ramya, additional, Carreon, J Daniel, additional, Doan, Viyada, additional, Hoest, Christel, additional, Knobler, Stacey, additional, Miller, Mark A, additional, Psaki, Stephanie, additional, Rasmussen, Zeba, additional, Richard, Stephanie A, additional, Tountas, Karen H, additional, Svensen, Erling, additional, Amour, Caroline, additional, Bayyo, Eliwaza, additional, Mvungi, Regisiana, additional, Pascal, John, additional, Yarrot, Ladislaus, additional, Barrett, Leah, additional, Dillingham, Rebecca, additional, Petri, William A, additional, Scharf, Rebecca, additional, Ahmed, AM Shamsir, additional, Alam, Md Ashraful, additional, Haque, Umma, additional, Hossain, Md Iqbal, additional, Islam, Munirul, additional, Mahfuz, Mustafa, additional, Mondal, Dinesh, additional, Nahar, Baitun, additional, Tofail, Fahmida, additional, Chandyo, Ram Krishna, additional, Shrestha, Prakash Sunder, additional, Shrestha, Rita, additional, Ulak, Manjeswori, additional, Bauck, Aubrey, additional, Black, Robert, additional, Caulfield, Laura, additional, Checkley, William, additional, Lee, Gwenyth, additional, Schulze, Kerry, additional, Scott, Samuel, additional, Murray-Kolb, Laura E, additional, Ross, A Catharine, additional, Schaefer, Barbara, additional, Simons, Suzanne, additional, Pendergast, Laura, additional, Abreu, Cláudia B, additional, Costa, Hilda, additional, Di Moura, Alessandra, additional, Filho, José Quirino, additional, Leite, Álvaro M, additional, Lima, Noélia L, additional, Lima, Ila F, additional, Maciel, Bruna LL, additional, Medeiros, Pedro HQS, additional, Moraes, Milena, additional, Mota, Francisco S, additional, Oriá, Reinaldo B, additional, Quetz, Josiane, additional, Soares, Alberto M, additional, Mota, Rosa MS, additional, Patil, Crystal L, additional, Mahopo, Cloupas, additional, Maphula, Angelina, additional, and Nyathi, Emanuel, additional

Published
2018
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15. Gender Equity and Vitamin A Supplementation: Moving Beyond Equal Coverage.

Author

Nordhagen, Stella, Bauck, Aubrey, and Doledec, David

Abstract

Background: Vitamin A supplementation (VAS) is currently implemented in over 80 countries worldwide, but little attention has been paid to gender equity in the design or implementation of these programs.Objective: This article describes the ways in which gender equity can impact or be impacted by VAS programs and suggests ways to ensure these programs better support gender equity in the future.Methods: We undertook a desk review of research on gender equity in health services and extrapolated findings to VAS, highlighting gender equity issues throughout the VAS implementation process and across delivery platform types. We also amassed secondary data on VAS coverage from 45 surveys in 13 countries and analyzed it to examine differences in VAS coverage between boys and girls.Results: Despite few significant differences in coverage between boys and girls, we identify numerous ways in which gender equity can impact or be impacted by VAS programs, including through the choice of VAS distributors and the communication materials used to promote VAS campaigns. Examining these different entry points reveals that there are several missed opportunities for better integration of gender within VAS.Conclusions: VAS program implementers and policymakers should revisit VAS approaches to identify opportunities for advancing gender equity through this wide-reaching platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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19. Critical Care Nurses' Perceptions of and Experiences With Chaplains.

Author

Kyounghae Kim, Bauck, Aubrey, Monroe, April, Mallory, Marva, and Aslakson, Rebecca

Subjects
CHAPLAINS, FOCUS groups, GROUNDED theory, INTENSIVE care nursing, INTERVIEWING, RESEARCH methodology, NURSE-patient relationships, NURSES, NURSES' attitudes, SCIENTIFIC observation, OCCUPATIONAL roles, SPIRITUAL care (Medical care), HUMAN research subjects, PATIENT selection, HOSPITAL nursing staff, FIELD notes (Science)
Abstract

We explored critical care nurses' experiences with chaplains and perceptions of spiritual care. This was a qualitative study, using in-depth interviews and focus groups with critical care nurses at an academic medical center. Data were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using inductive coding methods. The study included 31 nurses (19 interviews and 2 focus groups). Participants did not feel completely prepared for spiritual assessments; they felt the urge to consult with spiritual providers predominantly for end-of-life situations. Respondents reflected several factors in the provision of spiritual care to patients and their families, such as patient's and/or family's spiritual needs, resources available at an institution, and the nurse's own religious and/or spiritual beliefs. Nurses' perceived role of chaplains overlapped what nurses can offer as part of holistic care, such as listening, praying, and counseling. Yet, participants acknowledged they paid more attention to the physical facets of a patient's illness. Participants noted a need for better system-wide approaches to enhance nurses' capacity for spiritual care, as well as earlier spiritual assessments of patient and family spiritual needs. Future research should address how integration of the spiritual care providers into the care team can improve spiritual support of patients, families, and clinicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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