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Despite limitations in payload and range, cargo drones have promising applications in emergency logistics and remote delivery. In this study, we tackle these challenges by developing a high-capacity 3.84 kW battery specifically designed for a 50-kg-payload cargo drone operating in demanding terrains. Focusing on the transport of emergency goods, we investigate key drone design aspects and details of the battery pack development, including cell selection, internal configuration, and critical circuits for cell balancing, charging/discharging, and advanced battery management. A key innovation is the integration of a backpropagation artificial neural network (BPANN) algorithm to predict the depth of discharge (DoD) and the state of charge (SoC). Research results show that BPANN offers highly accurate predictions, with error percentages as low as 0.12% for DoD and 0.02% for SoC, ensuring optimized and safe battery operation. Comprehensive field testing is carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed cell balancing strategy, robust battery management system (BMS), and BPANN implementation. We investigate the drone's performance in terms of DoD, SoC, and overall field operation with the designed battery pack and demonstrate its feasibility and potential for realworld applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a near-field cell balancing method to be applied to batteries of higher capacity and power. This method involves a wireless power transfer to balance battery cells, which produces higher efficiency than conventional passive approaches, and faster equalization than active approaches. Cell balancing is a crucial function of the battery management system (BMS) that maintains the balance of charge and discharge between cells of individual batteries. Furthermore, this method is designed to meet the increasing demand for faster cell balancing associated with high-capacity and high-power batteries. We selected a serial–parallel configuration to minimize the technical concern for isolation, or energy transfer to unselected cells. Experiments were conducted with two battery cells, and voltage equalization accelerated by 51% when the proposed cell balancing approach was applied.

Batteries are gaining entry into every home and office for they are widely used because of their variant benefits. However, these batteries are prone to failure caused by charge imbalance in the batteries connected in either series or parallel, which can sometimes be catastrophic and hence they require to be properly monitored in a real-time manner. There exist many battery balancing schemes which are broadly grouped into either passive or active schemes. All these schemes have their own advantages and disadvantages, and hence it is upon the user to decide on which scheme will best work for them. However, research has proven that the hybrid scheme will be the best as it couples the benefits of all schemes. This study will review the various battery cell balancing methodologies and evaluate their relationship with battery performance. At present there are a few studies tackling the mechanical vibration of battery balancing performance. This study shows that battery balancing performance during long-term should be evaluated from various temperature and vibration frequencies.