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Aim: Bisphenol A (BPA), one of the most commonly produced and used endocrine disruptors in the world, is a chemical employed in the production of polycarbonate and epoxy resins. A significant relationship between urinary BPA levels and obesity has been shown in clinical trials. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between urinary BPA levels and obesity in childhood.

© 2021 John Wiley & Sons LtdRationale: Bisphenol A (BPA), 4-t-octylphenol (4-t-OP), and 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) are ubiquitous manufactured chemicals classified as endocrine disruptors. Now these substances are prevalent and found in a wide range of biological and environmental matrices globally. Acting as xenoestrogens, their target is to bind estrogen receptors and compete against natural hormones. Thus, there is an increasing concern on their negative health consequences. Methods: A rapid, sensitive, and robust method was established, validated, and used for the trace analysis of BPA, 4-t-OP, and 4-NP in human urine using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Results: The linear ranges for BPA, 4-t-OP, and 4-NP were 5.0–500 ng/mL. The correlation coefficient was higher than 0.996. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation for the compounds were 0.001, 0.007, and 0.005 ng/mL and 0.005, 0.023, and 0.180 ng/mL, respectively. The recoveries were as follows: 99.539%–108.557%, 97.780%–110.768%, and 99.694%–106.908% for BPA, 4-NP, and 4-t-OP respectively, with relative standard deviation

Background. Henna has a very low allergenic potential, and severe allergic contact dermatitis is mainly caused by p-phenylenediamine (PPD), which is added to temporary black 'henna tattoos', and potentially also by some heavy metals.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals that is widely used in common consumer products. There is an increasing concern regarding human exposure to BPA owing to the potential adverse effects associated with its estrogenic activity. For assessing environmental exposure to BPA, it is essential to have a sensitive, accurate and selective analytical method, especially one that can detect low BPA levels in complex sample matrices. In this study, we developed and validated an accurate, sensitive, and robust liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous quantification of free BPA and BPA -d-glucuronide (BPA-gluc) concentrations in human urine with only a single injection. Calibration curves were linear over a concentration range of 1-100ng/mL for BPA and 10-1000ng/mL for BPA-gluc. The levels of the analytes were determined quantitatively with HPLC/ESI-MS/MS by using negative electrospray ionization in the select ion monitoring mode and a pentaflouraphenyl propyl column. The validated method was applied to the analysis of spot urine specimens collected from randomly selected healthy human subjects. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

49th Congress of the European-Societies-of-Toxicology (EUROTOX) -- SEP 01-04, 2013 -- Interlaken, SWITZERLAND WOS: 000323865800391 Sertraline, SSRI group of medicine, is the most frequently prescribed drug and well-known fact that central nervous system medication. In this study, the potential influence of the therapies with the different doses of sertraline on DNA damaging, lipid peroxidation levels and antioxidant enzyme activities were investigated. For this purpose Male Wistar Albino rats were divided into four group: control (n = 6), low (10 mg/kg/day), moderate (40 mg/kg/day), and high dose (80 mg/kg/day). Each treatment group had 6 animals and sertraline were administered by gavage throughout 28 days of the study. The alkaline comet assay and the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay were used to evaluate DNA damaging potential of sertraline in the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). There is no statistically significant difference between sertraline treated groups and the negative control group with respect to comet assay results (p > .05). According to the data obtained from the CBMN test, an increase in the micronucleus (MN) frequency was detected only at high dose sertraline treatment. Serum paroxanase (PON), catalase (CAT), and superoxyde dismutase (SOD) activities were determined as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) lipid peroxidation for evaluation of oxidative stress effects of sertraline treatment. Serum SOD activities showed increase, CAT and PON activities decreased in all groups. Lipid peroxidation levels (MDA) increased in all sertraline treated rats (p < 0.05). Based on the data, it can be concluded that high dose sertraline administration enhances oxidative stress. Therefore, dose adjustment in depression patients seems significant as it may help prevention of further prognosis of the diseases. European Soc Toxicol (EUROTOX), ECETOC, Roche, Syngenta, AstraZeneca, Sanofi, Basilea Pharmaceutica, ACEA Biosciences Inc, European Crop Protect, Bioservice Sci Labs GmbH, Oekotoxzentrum Ctr Ecotox, Swiss Confederat, Fed Dept Home Affairs, Fed Off Publ Hlth (FOPH), BASF, SCAHT, Johnson & Johnson, Janssen Pharmaceut Co, Natl Ctr Replacement, Refinement & Reduct Anim Res, ILSI, SERVIER, RCC, Nestle, Suva Pro, Interpharma, Covance, Novartis, Merck, BioReliance

Bisfenol A (BPA), diğer kimyasallarla kombine olarak uzun yıllardır plastik yapımında kullanılan bir kimyasaldır. Birçok çalışma sonucuna göre BPAmaruziyeti çok düşük miktarda olsa da, endokrin sistem bozukluklarına,kromozomal ve gelişim anormalliklerine, beyin ve sinir sistemi işlevbozukluklarına, diyabete, obeziteye ve kemoterapiye dirence neden olabilmektedir.Çalışmamızda, sıvı kromatografisi/kütle spektrometresi (LC/MS-MS) cihazı kullanılarak, BPA ve majör metaboliti olan bisfenol A glukuronidin (BPAG) insan idrar örneklerinde belirlenmesine yönelik yöntem oluşturulmuş ve bu yöntem, Mersin ili şehir merkezi (n=100) ve kırsal bölgesinde (n=100) yaşayan 200 bireyin BPA maruziyetinin belirlenmesinde ve karşılaştırılmasında kullanılmıştır. Mersin ili şehir merkezi ve kırsal bölgesinden toplanan ve analizleri yapılan 200 idrar örneklerinin, 74 tanesi erkek (%37), 69 tanesi kadın (%34.5) ve 57 tanesi de çocuklardan (%28.5) elde edilmiştir. Çalışmaya katılanların yaşları 3 ile 85 arasında değişirken, yaş ortalaması 29.95±18.80'dir. Çalışmamıza katılan ve kırsal bölgede yaşayan bireylerde (100 kişi), BPA %4 (LOD=0.03 ng/mL), BPAG %37 (LOD=0.1 ng/mL), şehir merkezinde yaşayan bireylerde (100 kişi) ise BPA %13, BPAG %42 oranlarında dedeksiyon limitinin üzerinde (LOD) belirlenmiştir. Buna göre şehir merkezi ve kırsal bölge arasında BPA belirlenen birey sayıları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık gözlenirken (p=0.022), şehir merkezi ve kırsal bölgede BPAG belirlenen birey sayıları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık gözlenmemiştir (p=0.470). Çalışmamızda belirlenen ortalama BPA miktarı şehir merkezinde yaşayan bireylerde 0.46 µg/g kreatinin, kırsal bölgede yaşayan bireylerde ise 0.37 µg/g kreatinin olarak, ortalama BPAG miktarı şehir merkezinde yaşayan bireylerde 60.56 µg/g kreatinin, kırsal bölgede yaşayan bireylerde ise 30.28 µg/g kreatinin olarak belirlenmiştir. Belirlenen BPA miktarı gelişmiş ülkelerde yapılan benzer çalışma sonuçlarına ve EFSA'nın BPA için belirlediği referans değere (50 µg/kg/gün) göre düşüktür. Anahtar sözcükler: Bisfenol A, Biyoizlem, İdrar, Maruziyet Düzeyi Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical that is mainly used in combination with other chemicals to manufacture plastics and resins. According to many research studies trace BPA exposure has been shown to disrupt the endocrine system and trigger a wide variety of disorders, including chromosomal and reproductive system abnormalities, impaired brain, and neurological functions, adult-onset diabetes, obesity and resistance to chemotherapy. In this study, a liquid chromatographymass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) technique has been developed and used for the determination of exposure level of BPA and its major metabolite bisphenol A glucuronide (BPAG) in human urine. Urines were collected and compared from residents of urban (n=100) and rural (n=100) area of Mersin City. Two hundered urine samples were collected and analyzed from urban and rural areas of Mersin, 74 of them were male (37%), 69 of them were female (34.5%) and in 57 of them children (28.5%) were obtained. The age range was from between 3 to 85 years(mean+/-S.D.=29.95±18.80). Individuals participating in the study, and living in rural areas (100 persons), BPA, 4% (LOD = 0.03 ng / mL), BPAG 37% (LOD = 0.1 ng / mL), individuals who live in the city center (100 people) 13% of the BPA, BPAG rates over 42% detection limit (LOD) was determined. Statistically significant difference was observed between number of individuals BPA detected in urban and number of individuals BPA detected in rural area (p=0.022). There was no statistically significant difference between the numbers of individuals BPAG detected in urban area and numbers of individuals BPAG detected in rural area (p=0.470). In our study, the average amount of detected BPA was 0.46 μg/g creatinine in the urban area, and 0.37 mg/g creatinine in rural area. The average amount of detected BPAG was 60.56 mg/g creatinine in urban area and 30.28 mg/g creatinine in rural area. Determined amount of BPA in the present study is lower than the results of similar studies conducted in developed countries and EFSA has set for the reference value (50 mg/kg/day).Keywords: Bisphenol A, Biomonitoring, Urine, Exposure Level 84

Etanolun vücut sıvılarında doğru ve hassas olarak tayini, klinik toksikoloji ve adli tıp açısından önemlidir. Vücut sıvılarında etanol seviyesi ölçümü, adli toksikoloji laboratuvarlannda en sık yapılan çalışmalardandır. Bu çalışmalarda, kan en sık kullanılan örnektir. Literatürde; yanmış, ciddi travmaya uğramış ve ileri derecede çürümüş cesetlerde kanda etanol konsantrasyonun endojen alkol oluşumu ve kontaminasyondan etkileneceği, buna bağlı olarak doğru ve güvenilir sonuç alınamayacağı, bu durumda göz içi sıvısı olarak bilinen vitröz sıvının kullanılabileceği bildirilmektedir. Bu işlemin, özellikle uçak kazası, endüstriyel kaza, travma ve yangınlarda ölen kişilerde kullanılabileceği belirtilmekle birlikte; vitröz sıvının kimyasal olarak kararlı, anatomik olarak izole ve ölümden sonra bekleyen cesetlerde (ileri derecede çürümüş) etanol seviyesini en doğru veren örnek olması bakımından, tüm otopsilerde rutin olarak uygulanması gerekliliği vurgulanmaktadır. Yapılan birçok çalışmada, elde edilen vitröz sıvı alkol konsantrasyon değerleri ile kan alkol konsantrasyonu değerleri arasında kapalı bir korelasyon olduğu gösterilmiştir. Çalışmamızda, Adli Tıp Kurumu Adana Grup Başkanlığı, Morg İhtisas Dairesinde Ocak 2003-Haziran 2004 tarihleri arasında yapılan otopsilerden (alkol alınmış olması kuvvetle muhtemel, intihar ve cinayet orjinli vakalardan) elde edilen 87 tane kan (femoral ven) örneğinde gaz kromatografi/headspace cihazı kullanılarak (alev iyonizasyon dedektör, FID) etanol düzeyleri saptanmıştır. Kan alkol konsantrasyonu pozitif olan olgulara aynı yöntem ile vitröz sıvı alkol analizi yapılmıştır. Kan ve vitröz sıvı alkol konsantrasyonu aynı anda pozitif ölçülen 31 olgu değerlendirilmiştir. Buna bağlı olarak da aralanndaki konsantrasyon dönüşüm faktörü hesaplanmıştır. Olgularımız yaş (%51'i 21-40 yaş, %39'u 41 yaş ve üzeri, %10'u 15-20 yaş), olgu orjini (%35'i cinayet, %23'ü intihar, %42'si kaza) ve cinsiyet (%16'sı kadın, %84'ü erkek) yönünden de sınıflandırılmış ve sonuçlan yorumlanmıştır. Çalışma koşullanmızda, pozitif postmortem kan alkol ve vitröz sıvı alkol değerlerine biyoistatiksel analiz uygulanarak (lineer regresyon) ortalama dönüşüm faktörü 0.803 olarak bulunmuştur. Bu sonuca göre, `Kan Alkol Kons. (KAK) = 0.803 * Vitröz sıvı Alkol Konsantrasyonu (VAK)`, (r =0.776) şeklinde bir eşitlik elde edilmiştir. Böylece çalışmamız sonucunda vitröz sıvı alkol konsantrasyonu ve kan alkol konsantrasyonu arasında literatürle uyumlu korelasyon olduğu gösterilmiştir.Anahtar Sözcükler: Adli Toksikoloji, Etanol, Vitröz sıvı, Gaz Kromatografi, Postmortem kan. One of the most frequent studies in forensic toxicology laboratories is correct and reliable ethanol determination in body fluids. Blood is the most frequent sample used in these studied. Blood samples have risks of contamination and also may affected by endogenous alcohol production. Vitreous humour is more reliable sample in burned, severely injured or putrefied corpses. This procedure can be used especially on plane crash, industrial accident, trauma and fire cases. Generally vitreous humour is chemically stable. Routine application of vitreous humour analysis is necessary to provide a reliable ethanol level in putrefied corpses because of its anatomic isolation. Many studies have been published in determination of the correlation between alcohol levels in the blood and vitreous humour. In this study, ethanol levels are analysed in 87 blood samples, (obtained from femoral veins of suicidal, accidental and homicidal oriented medico-legal death cases), with the high probability of alcohol intakes detected by gas chromatography / headspace device (flame ionisation detector, FID). The samples were collected from the autopsy cases that performed at The Morgue Department, Council of Forensic Medicine Adana Group Administration, in between the dates January 2003 and June 2004. We have studied the vitreous humour alcohol levels in positive blood alcohol level cases. Therefore the transformation formula was calculated. The cases with positive blood alcohol are classified according to their ages ( 51% in 21-40 years, 39% in 41 years and over, 10% in 15-20 years of age), origins ( accident 42%, homicide 35%, suicide 23% ) and genders ( 84% male, 16% female ) and the results are discussed. Positive postmortem blood and vitreous humour alcohol levels were statistically analysed by simple linear regression and mean transformation factor was calculated as 0.803. Therefore `Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) = 0.803 X Vitreous Humour Alcohol Concentration (VHAC)`, (r = 0.776) formula was found out. So that close correlation between vitreous humour alcohol concentrations and blood alcohol concentrations is demonstrated in our study with similar studies. Also these results demonstrate our regional data for the first time. Key Words: Forensic Toxicology, Ethanol, Vitreous Humour, Gas Chromotography, Postmortem Blood. 53