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Sarcopenia is the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength that is associated with adverse health outcomes. Resistance-based exercises are effective for mitigation and enhancement of strength; however, adherence is low and challenging to measure when patients are at home. In a single-arm, pilot study of seven older adults, we conducted a field-based usability study evaluating the feasibility and acceptability of using a system consisting of a Bluetooth-connected resistance exercise band and tablet-based app which together we call BandPass in completing four different home-based exercises. The system measured a total of 147 exercises by participants with a mean duration of 94±66 seconds, completing an average of 30±20 repetitions. Though not all patients completed each exercise type, patients were positive about use: patient activation measure: 80.7±14; system usability scale: 6.9±2.9; and confidence in use: 7.7±2.7. The BandPass system demonstrated its ability to collect data on exercise type, force during an exercise, and duration of exercise when older adults use it for monitoring exercise at home.

Summary: The prevalence of individuals with obesity or overweight has steadily increased over the past decades both worldwide, and in the United States. This trend is also evident in the older adult population, which has experienced a continuous rise in the number of individuals with overweight or obesity. This is relevant due to the impact of obesity in older adults' quality of life, physical function, morbidity, and healthcare costs. This review aims to provide practical guidance and currently available approaches for healthcare professionals in managing this population. Both non‐pharmacological methods such as intensive behavioural therapy, nutritional interventions, and physical activity, as well as anti‐obesity medications, are discussed, with a focus on their potential positive and negative effects in older adults. Additionally, bariatric therapy is evaluated, including current procedures available and the associated results and risks in the older population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precision medicine presents an opportunity to use novel, data‐driven strategies to improve patient care. The field of precision medicine has undergone many advancements over the past few years. It has moved beyond incorporation of individualized genetic risk into medical decision‐making to include multiple other factors such as unique social, demographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics. Geriatric medicine stands to benefit heavily from the integration of precision medicine into its standard practices. Older adults, compared with other populations, have high clinical and biological heterogeneity that can alter the risks and benefits of different approaches to patient care. These factors have not been routinely considered previously by geriatricians. Yet, geriatricians' ability to address older adults' baseline heterogeneity is increasingly recognized as a cornerstone of delivering quality care in a geriatric medical practice. Given the shared focus of individualized decision‐making, precision medicine is a natural fit for geriatric medicine. This manuscript provides, via cases and discussion, examples that illustrate how precision medicine can improve the care of our older patients today. We will share specific and existing tools and evidence, and review the existing multilevel barriers to further incorporate and implement these tools into clinical practice. We propose methods to address these barriers and to help realize the full potential of precision medicine for the care of older adults. We conclude with a brief discussion of potential future directions of research of precision medicine in the care of older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When low muscle mass and impaired strength and physical function coexist with excess adiposity, it is termed sarcopenic obesity (SO). Handgrip strength (HGS) is a predictor of disability and mortality. Asymmetry in HGS, particularly ≥ 10% strength differences between hands, may indicate neuromuscular dysfunction observable prior to declines in maximal strength are detectedand therefore could be incorporated to identify those at risk of physical limitations and SO. This study compares HGS values and asymmetry in older adults with excess adiposity and evaluates their relationships with physical function. Baseline data from two previous pilot weight loss studies in 85 older adults with body mass index values ≥ 30 kg m−2 are included with measures of body composition, walking speed, and chair stand ability. Sixty‐three participants met the criteria for SO. HGS correlated to gait speed (r = 0.22), distance walked (r = 0.40), chair stand time for 5 repetitions (r = 0.42) and during 30 s (r = 0.31). HGS asymmetry is only correlated to gait speed (r = 0.31) and there are no differences in physical function between those with and without asymmetry. Maximal HGS tests should continue to be used to screen for functional decline and disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study on the use of conducting frailty assessment in clinical practice. Topics discussed include barriers to the implementation of frailty assessment into routine clinical practice, the methods used in the study, and the efficacy of Fried's physical frailty phenotype and the Frailty Index Comprehensive Geriatric Assessments as frailty assessments.

Background: Dementia affects 55 million people worldwide and low muscle mass may be associated with cognitive decline. Mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC) correlates with dual-energy Xray absorptiometry and bioelectrical impedance analyses, yet are not routinely available. Therefore, we examined the association between MAMC and cognitive performance in older adults. Methods: We included community-dwelling adults ≥55 years from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Cognitive function was estimated based on a subset of the modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (0-27, low-high) during years (1991, 1993, 1997, 2000, 2004, 2006, 2009, 2011, 2015, 2018). A multivariable linear mixed-effects model was used to test whether MAMC was associated with rate of cognitive decline across age groups and cognitive function overall. Results: Of 3702 adults (53% female, 63.2 ± 7.3 years), mean MAMC was 21.4 cm ± 3.0 and baseline cognitive score was 13.6 points ± 6.6. We found no evidence that the age-related rate of cognitive decline differed by MAMC (P =.77). Declines between 5-year age groups ranged from −.80 [SE (standard error).18] to −1.09 [.22] for those at a mean MAMC, as compared to −.86 [.25] to −1.24 [.31] for those at a 1 MAMC 1 standard deviation above the mean. Higher MAMC was associated with better cognitive function with.13 [.06] higher scores for each corresponding 1 standard deviation increase in MAMC across all ages. Conclusion: Higher MAMC at any age was associated with better cognitive performance in older adults. Understanding the relationship between muscle mass and cognition may identify at-risk subgroups needing targeted interventions to preserve cognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Globally, the oldest old population is expected to triple by 2050. Hospitalization and malnutrition can result in progressive functional decline in older adults. Minimizing the impact of hospitalization on functional status in older adults has the potential to maintain independence, reduce health and social care costs, and maximize years in a healthy state. This study aimed to systematically review the literature to identify nutritional interventions that target physical function, body composition, and cognition in the older population (≥ 75 years). Methods: A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of nutritional interventions on physical function, body composition, and cognition in adults aged ≥ 75 years or mean age ≥80 years. Searches of PubMed (National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine), Scopus (Elsevier), EMBASE (Elsevier), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) with Full Text (EBSCOhost), and PsycInfo (EBSCOhost) were conducted. Screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed in duplicate and independently (CRD42022355984; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display%5frecord.php?RecordID=355984). Results: Of 8311 citations identified, 2939 duplicates were excluded. From 5372 citations, 189 articles underwent full‐text review leaving a total of 12 studies for inclusion. Interventions were food‐based, protein‐based, carbohydrate‐based, personalized, or used parenteral nutrition. Ten studies monitored anthropometric or body composition changes with three showing maintenance or improvements in lean mass, body mass index, triceps skinfold, and mid‐upper arm circumference compared with the control group. Six studies monitored physical function but only the largest study found a beneficial effect on activities of daily living. Two of three studies showed the beneficial effects of nutritional intervention on cognition. Conclusion: There are few, high‐quality, nutrition‐based interventions in older adults ≥75 years. Despite heterogeneity, our findings suggest that large, longer‐term (>2 weeks) nutritional interventions have the potential to maintain body composition, physical function, and cognition in adults aged 75 years and older during hospitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]