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104 results on '"Batsch, F."'

1. Interim report for the International Muon Collider Collaboration (IMCC)

Author: Accettura, C., Adrian, S., Agarwal, R., Ahdida, C., Aimé, C., Aksoy, A., Alberghi, G. L., Alden, S., Amapane, N., Amorim, D., Andreetto, P., Anulli, F., Appleby, R., Apresyan, A., Asadi, P., Mahmoud, M. Attia, Auchmann, B., Back, J., Badea, A., Bae, K. J., Bahng, E. J., Balconi, L., Balli, F., Bandiera, L., Barbagallo, C., Barlow, R., Bartoli, C., Bartosik, N., Barzi, E., Batsch, F., Bauce, M., Begel, M., Berg, J. S., Bersani, A., Bertarelli, A., Bertinelli, F., Bertolin, A., Bhat, P., Bianchi, C., Bianco, M., Bishop, W., Black, K., Boattini, F., Bogacz, A., Bonesini, M., Bordini, B., de Sousa, P. Borges, Bottaro, S., Bottura, L., Boyd, S., Breschi, M., Broggi, F., Brunoldi, M., Buffat, X., Buonincontri, L., Burrows, P. N., Burt, G. C., Buttazzo, D., Caiffi, B., Calatroni, S., Calviani, M., Calzaferri, S., Calzolari, D., Cantone, C., Capdevilla, R., Carli, C., Carrelli, C., Casaburo, F., Casarsa, M., Castelli, L., Catanesi, M. G., Cavallucci, L., Cavoto, G., Celiberto, F. G., Celona, L., Cemmi, A., Ceravolo, S., Cerri, A., Cerutti, F., Cesarini, G., Cesarotti, C., Chancé, A., Charitonidis, N., Chiesa, M., Chiggiato, P., Ciccarella, V. L., Puviani, P. Cioli, Colaleo, A., Colao, F., Collamati, F., Costa, M., Craig, N., Curtin, D., D'Angelo, L., Da Molin, G., Damerau, H., Dasu, S., de Blas, J., De Curtis, S., De Gersem, H., Del Moro, T., Delahaye, J. -P., Denisov, D., Denizli, H., Dermisek, R., Valdor, P. Desiré, Desponds, C., Di Luzio, L., Di Meco, E., Di Petrillo, K. F., Di Sarcina, I., Diociaiuti, E., Dorigo, T., Dreimanis, K., Pree, T. du, Edgecock, T., Fabbri, S., Fabbrichesi, M., Farinon, S., Ferrand, G., Somoza, J. A. Ferreira, Fieg, M., Filthaut, F., Fox, P., Franceschini, R., Ximenes, R. Franqueira, Gallinaro, M., Garcia-Sciveres, M., Garcia-Tabares, L., Gargiulo, R., Garion, C., Garzelli, M. V., Gast, M., Gerber, C. E., Giambastiani, L., Gianelle, A., Gianfelice-Wendt, E., Gibson, S., Gilardoni, S., Giove, D. A., Giovinco, V., Giraldin, C., Glioti, A., Gorzawski, A., Greco, M., Grojean, C., Grudiev, A., Gschwendtner, E., Gueli, E., Guilhaudin, N., Han, C., Han, T., Hauptman, J. M., Herndon, M., Hillier, A. D., Hillman, M., Holmes, T. R., Homiller, S., Jana, S., Jindariani, S., Johannesson, S., Johnson, B., Jones, O. R., Jurj, P. -B., Kahn, Y., Kamath, R., Kario, A., Karpov, I., Kelliher, D., Kilian, W., Kitano, R., Kling, F., Kolehmainen, A., Kong, K. C., Kosse, J., Krintiras, G., Krizka, K., Kumar, N., Kvikne, E., Kyle, R., Laface, E., Lane, K., Latina, A., Lechner, A., Lee, J., Lee, L., Lee, S. W., Lefevre, T., Leonardi, E., Lerner, G., Li, P., Li, Q., Li, T., Li, W., Voti, R. Li, Lindroos, M., Lipton, R., Liu, D., Liu, M., Liu, Z., Lombardi, A., Lomte, S., Long, K., Longo, L., Lorenzo, J., Losito, R., Low, I., Lu, X., Lucchesi, D., Luo, T., Lupato, A., Métral, E., Mękała, K., Ma, Y., Mańczak, J. M., Machida, S., Madlener, T., Magaletti, L., Maggi, M., Durand, H. Mainaud, Maltoni, F., Mandurrino, M., Marchand, C., Mariani, F., Marin, S., Mariotto, S., Martin-Haugh, S., Masullo, M. R., Mauro, G. S., Mazzolari, A., Mele, B., Meloni, F., Meng, X., Mentink, M., Miceli, R., Milas, N., Mohammadi, A., Moll, D., Montella, A., Morandin, M., Morrone, M., Mulder, T., Musenich, R., Nardecchia, M., Nardi, F., Neuffer, D., Newbold, D., Novelli, D., Olvegård, M., Onel, Y., Orestano, D., Osborne, J., Otten, S., Torres, Y. M. Oviedo, Paesani, D., Griso, S. Pagan, Pagani, D., Pal, K., Palmer, M., Pampaloni, A., Panci, P., Pani, P., Papaphilippou, Y., Paparella, R., Paradisi, P., Passeri, A., Pastrone, N., Pellecchia, A., Piccinini, F., Piekarz, H., Pieloni, T., Plouin, J., Portone, A., Potamianos, K., Potdevin, J., Prestemon, S., Puig, T., Qiang, J., Quettier, L., Rabemananjara, T. R., Radicioni, E., Radogna, R., Rago, I. C., Ratkus, A., Resseguie, E., Reuter, J., Ribani, P. L., Riccardi, C., Ricciardi, S., Robens, T., Robert, Y., Roger, C., Rojo, J., Romagnoni, M., Ronald, K., Rosser, B., Rossi, C., Rossi, L., Rozanov, L., Ruhdorfer, M., Ruiz, R., Queiroz, F. S., Saini, S., Sala, F., Salierno, C., Salmi, T., Salvini, P., Salvioni, E., Sammut, N., Santini, C., Saputi, A., Sarra, I., Scarantino, G., Schneider-Muntau, H., Schulte, D., Scifo, J., Sen, T., Senatore, C., Senol, A., Sertore, D., Sestini, L., Rêgo, R. C. Silva, Simone, F. M., Skoufaris, K., Sorbello, G., Sorbi, M., Sorti, S., Soubirou, L., Spataro, D., Stamerra, A., Stapnes, S., Stark, G., Statera, M., Stechauner, B. M., Su, S., Su, W., Sun, X., Sytov, A., Tang, J., Taylor, R., Kate, H. Ten, Testoni, P., Thiele, L. S., Garcia, R. Tomas, Mugglestone, M. Topp, Torims, T., Torre, R., Tortora, L. T., Trifinopoulos, S., Udongwo, S. -A., Vai, I., Valente, R. U., van Rienen, U., van Weelderen, R., Vanwelde, M., Velev, G., Venditti, R., Vendrasco, A., Verna, A., Verweij, A., Verwilligen, P., Villamzar, Y., Vittorio, L., Vitulo, P., Vojskovic, I., Wang, D., Wang, L. -T., Wang, X., Wendt, M., Widorski, M., Wozniak, M., Wu, Y., Wulzer, A., Xie, K., Yang, Y., Yap, Y. C., Yonehara, K., Yoo, H. D., You, Z., Zanetti, M., Zaza, A., Zhang, L., Zhu, R., Zlobin, A., Zuliani, D., and Zurita, J. F.
Subjects: Physics - Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The International Muon Collider Collaboration (IMCC) [1] was established in 2020 following the recommendations of the European Strategy for Particle Physics (ESPP) and the implementation of the European Strategy for Particle Physics-Accelerator R&D Roadmap by the Laboratory Directors Group [2], hereinafter referred to as the the European LDG roadmap. The Muon Collider Study (MuC) covers the accelerator complex, detectors and physics for a future muon collider. In 2023, European Commission support was obtained for a design study of a muon collider (MuCol) [3]. This project started on 1st March 2023, with work-packages aligned with the overall muon collider studies. In preparation of and during the 2021-22 U.S. Snowmass process, the muon collider project parameters, technical studies and physics performance studies were performed and presented in great detail. Recently, the P5 panel [4] in the U.S. recommended a muon collider R&D, proposed to join the IMCC and envisages that the U.S. should prepare to host a muon collider, calling this their "muon shot". In the past, the U.S. Muon Accelerator Programme (MAP) [5] has been instrumental in studies of concepts and technologies for a muon collider., Comment: This document summarises the International Muon Collider Collaboration (IMCC) progress and status of the Muon Collider R&D programme
Published: 2024

2. Generation of 10-m-lengthscale plasma columns by resonant and off-resonant laser pulses

Author: Demeter, G., Moody, J. T., Kedves, M. A., Batsch, F., Bergamaschi, M., Fedosseev, V., Granados, E., Muggli, P., Panuganti, H., and Della Porta, G. Zevi
Subjects: Physics - Optics, Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract: Creating extended, highly homogeneous plasma columns like that required by plasma wakefield accelerators can be a challenge. We study the propagation of ultra-short, TW power ionizing laser pulses in a 10-meter-long rubidium vapor and the plasma columns they create. We perform experiments and numerical simulations for pulses with 780 nm central wavelength, which is resonant with the D$_2$ transition from the ground state of rubidium atoms, as well as for pulses with 810 nm central wavelength, some distance from resonances. We measure transmitted energy and transverse width of the pulse and use schlieren imaging to probe the plasma column in the vapor close to the end of the vapor source. We find, that resonant pulses are more confined in a transverse direction by the interaction than off-resonant pulses are and that the plasma channels they create are more sharply bounded. Off-resonant pulses leave a wider layer of partially ionized atoms and thus lose more energy per unit propagation distance. Using experimental data, we estimate the energy required to generate a 20-meter-long plasma column and conclude that resonant pulses are much more suitable for creating a long, homogeneous plasma., Comment: 16 pages, 14 figures
Published: 2023
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3. Analysis of Proton Bunch Parameters in the AWAKE Experiment

Author: Hafych, V., Caldwell, A., Agnello, R., Ahdida, C. C., Aladi, M., Goncalves, M. C. Amoedo, Andrebe, Y., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Bachmann, A. -M., Baistrukov, M. A., Batsch, F., Bergamaschi, M., Blanchard, P., Burrows, P. N., Buttenschön, B., Chappell, J., Chevallay, E., Chung, M., Cooke, D. A., Damerau, H., Davut, C., Demeter, G., Dexter, A., Doebert, S., Farmer, J., Fasoli, A., Fedosseev, V. N., Fiorito, R., Fonseca, R. A., Furno, I., Gessner, S., Gorn, A. A., Granados, E., Granetzny, M., Graubner, T., Grulke, O., Gschwendtner, E., Guran, E. D., Henderson, J. R., Hüther, M., Kedves, M. Á., Khudyakov, V., Kim, S. -Y., Kraus, F., Krupa, M., Lefevre, T., Liang, L., Lopes, N., Lotov, K. V., Mazzoni, S., Godoy, D. Medina, Moody, J. T., Moon, K., Guzmán, P. I. Morales, Moreira, M., Nechaeva, T., Nowak, E., Pakuza, C., Panuganti, H., Pardons, A., Perera, A., Pucek, J., Pukhov, A., Ráczkevi, B., Ramjiawan, R. L., Rey, S., Schmitz, O., Senes, E., Silva, L. O., Stollberg, C., Sublet, A., Topaloudis, A., Torrado, N., Tuev, P. V., Turner, M., Velotti, F., Verra, L., Vieira, J., Vincke, H., Welsch, C. P., Wendt, M., Wing, M., Wolfenden, J., Woolley, B., Xia, G., Zepp, M., and Della Porta, G. Zevi
Subjects: Physics - Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: A precise characterization of the incoming proton bunch parameters is required to accurately simulate the self-modulation process in the Advanced Wakefield Experiment (AWAKE). This paper presents an analysis of the parameters of the incoming proton bunches used in the later stages of the AWAKE Run 1 data-taking period. The transverse structure of the bunch is observed at multiple positions along the beamline using scintillating or optical transition radiation screens. The parameters of a model that describes the bunch transverse dimensions and divergence are fitted to represent the observed data using Bayesian inference. The analysis is tested on simulated data and then applied to the experimental data.
Published: 2021
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4. Simulation and Experimental Study of Proton Bunch Self-Modulation in Plasma with Linear Density Gradients

Author: Guzmán, P. I. Morales, Muggli, P., Agnello, R., Ahdida, C. C., Aladi, M., Goncalves, M. C. Amoedo, Andrebe, Y., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Bachmann, A. -M., Baistrukov, M. A., Batsch, F., Bergamaschi, M., Blanchard, P., Braunmüller, F., Burrows, P. N., Buttenschön, B., Caldwell, A., Chappell, J., Chevallay, E., Chung, M., Cooke, D. A., Damerau, H., Davut, C., Demeter, G., Dexter, A., Doebert, S., Farmer, J., Fasoli, A., Fedosseev, V. N., Fiorito, R., Fonseca, R. A., Furno, I., Gessner, S., Gorn, A. A., Granados, E., Granetzny, M., Graubner, T., Grulke, O., Gschwendtner, E., Guran, E. D., Hafych, V., Henderson, J. R., Hüther, M., Kedves, M. Á., Khudyakov, V., Kim, S. -Y., Kraus, F., Krupa, M., Lefevre, T., Liang, L., Lopes, N., Lotov, K. V., Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Godoy, D. Medina, Moody, J. T., Moon, K., Moreira, M., Nechaeva, T., Nowak, E., Pakuza, C., Panuganti, H., Pardons, A., Perera, A., Pucek, J., Pukhov, A., Ráczkevi, B., Ramjiawan, R. L., Rey, S., Schmitz, O., Senes, E., Silva, L. O., Stollberg, C., Sublet, A., Topaloudis, A., Torrado, N., Tuev, P. V., Turner, M., Velotti, F., Verra, L., Vieira, J., Vincke, H., Welsch, C. P., Wendt, M., Wing, M., Wolfenden, J., Woolley, B., Xia, G., Zepp, M., and Della Porta, G. Zevi
Subjects: Physics - Plasma Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract: We present numerical simulations and experimental results of the self-modulation of a long proton bunch in a plasma with linear density gradients along the beam path. Simulation results agree with the experimental results reported in arXiv:2007.14894v2: with negative gradients, the charge of the modulated bunch is lower than with positive gradients. In addition, the bunch modulation frequency varies with gradient. Simulation results show that dephasing of the wakefields with respect to the relativistic protons along the plasma is the main cause for the loss of charge. The study of the modulation frequency reveals details about the evolution of the self-modulation process along the plasma. In particular for negative gradients, the modulation frequency across time-resolved images of the bunch indicates the position along the plasma where protons leave the wakefields. Simulations and experimental results are in excellent agreement., Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures
Published: 2021
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5. Long range propagation of ultrafast, ionizing laser pulses in a resonant nonlinear medium

Author: Demeter, G., Moody, J. T., Aladi, M., Bachmann, A. -M., Batsch, F., Braunmuller, F., Djotyan, G. P., Fedosseev, V., Friebel, F., Gessner, S., Granados, E., Guran, E., Huther, M., Kedves, M. A., Martyanov, M., Muggli, P., Oz, E., Panuganti, H., Raczkevi, B., Verra, L., and Della Porta, G. Zevi
Subjects: Physics - Optics, Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract: We study the propagation of 0.05-1 TW power, ultrafast laser pulses in a 10 meter long rubidium vapor cell. The central wavelength of the laser is resonant with the $D_2$ line of rubidium and the peak intensity in the $10^{12}-10^{14} ~W/cm^2$ range, enough to create a plasma channel with single electron ionization. We observe the absorption of the laser pulse for low energy, a regime of transverse confinement of the laser beam by the strong resonant nonlinearity for higher energies and the transverse broadening of the output beam when the nonlinearity is saturated due to full medium ionization. We compare experimental observations of transmitted pulse energy and transverse fluence profile with the results of computer simulations modeling pulse propagation. We find a qualitative agreement between theory and experiment that corroborates the validity of our propagation model. While the quantitative differences are substantial, the results show that the model can be used to interpret the observed phenomena in terms of self-focusing and channeling of the laser pulses by the saturable nonlinearity and the transparency of the fully ionized medium along the propagation axis., Comment: 12 pages, 10 Figures
Published: 2021
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6. Generation of 10-m-lengthscale plasma columns by resonant and off-resonant laser pulses

Author: Demeter, G., Moody, J.T., Kedves, M.Á., Batsch, F., Bergamaschi, M., Fedosseev, V., Granados, E., Muggli, P., Panuganti, H., and Zevi Della Porta, G.
Published: 2024
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7. Transition between Instability and Seeded Self-Modulation of a Relativistic Particle Bunch in Plasma

Author: Batsch, F., Muggli, P., Agnello, R., Ahdida, C. C., Goncalves, M. C. Amoedo, Andrebe, Y., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Bachmann, A. -M., Baistrukov, M. A., Blanchard, P., Braunmüller, F., Burrows, P. N., Buttenschön, B., Caldwell, A., Chappell, J., Chevallay, E., Chung, M., Cooke, D. A., Damerau, H., Davut, C., Demeter, G., Deubner, H. L., Doebert, S., Farmer, J., Fasoli, A., Fedosseev, V. N., Fiorito, R., Fonseca, R. A., Friebel, F., Furno, I., Garolfi, L., Gessner, S., Gorgisyan, I., Gorn, A. A., Granados, E., Granetzny, M., Graubner, T., Grulke, O., Gschwendtner, E., Hafych, V., Helm, A., Henderson, J. R., Hüther, M., Kargapolov, I. Yu., Kim, S. -Y., Kraus, F., Krupa, M., Lefevre, T., Liang, L., Liu, S., Lopes, N., Lotov, K. V., Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Godoy, D. Medina, Minakov, V. A., Moody, J. T., Moon, K., Guzmán, P. I. Morales, Moreira, M., Nechaeva, T., Nowak, E., Pakuza, C., Panuganti, H., Pardons, A., Perera, A., Pucek, J., Pukhov, A., Ramjiawan, R. L., Rey, S., Rieger, K., Schmitz, O., Senes, E., Silva, L. O., Speroni, R., Spitsyn, R. I., Stollberg, C., Sublet, A., Topaloudis, A., Torrado, N., Tuev, P. V., Turner, M., Velotti, F., Verra, L., Verzilov, V. A., Vieira, J., Vincke, H., Welsch, C. P., Wendt, M., Wing, M., Wiwattananon, P., Wolfenden, J., Woolley, B., Xia, G., Zepp, M., and Della Porta, G. Zevi
Subjects: Physics - Plasma Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract: We use a relativistic ionization front to provide various initial transverse wakefield amplitudes for the self-modulation of a long proton bunch in plasma. We show experimentally that, with sufficient initial amplitude ($\ge(4.1\pm0.4)$ MV/m), the phase of the modulation along the bunch is reproducible from event to event, with 3 to 7% (of 2$\pi$) rms variations all along the bunch. The phase is not reproducible for lower initial amplitudes. We observe the transition between these two regimes. Phase reproducibility is essential for deterministic external injection of particles to be accelerated., Comment: Letter and Supplemental Material, 6 figures, 8 pages
Published: 2020
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8. Experimental study of extended timescale dynamics of a plasma wakefield driven by a self-modulated proton bunch

Author: Chappell, J., Adli, E., Agnello, R., Aladi, M., Andrebe, Y., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Bachmann, A. -M., Baistrukov, M. A., Batsch, F., Bergamaschi, M., Blanchard, P., Burrows, P. N., Buttenschön, B., Caldwell, A., Chevallay, E., Chung, M., Cooke, D. A., Damerau, H., Davut, C., Demeter, G., Deubner, L. H., Dexter, A., Djotyan, G. P., Doebert, S., Farmer, J., Fasoli, A., Fedosseev, V. N., Fiorito, R., Fonseca, R. A., Friebel, F., Turno, I., Garolfi, L., Gessner, S., Goddard, B., Gorgisyan, I., Gorn, A. A., Granados, E., Granetzny, M., Grulke, O., Gschwendtner, E., Hafych, V., Hartin, A., Helm, A., Henderson, J. R., Howling, A., Hüther, M., Jacquier, R., Jolly, S., Kargapolov, I. Yu., Kedves, M. Á., Keeble, F., Kelisani, M. D., Kim, S. -Y., Kraus, F., Krupa, M., Lefevre, T., Li, Y., Liang, L., Liu, S., Lopes, N., Lotov, K. V., Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Godoy, D. Medina, Minakov, V. A., Moody, J. T., Guzmán, P. I. Morales, Moreira, M., Panuganti, H., Pardons, A., Asmus, F. Peña, Perera, A., Petrenko, A., Pucek, J., Pukhov, A., Ráczkevi, B., Ramjiawan, R. L., Rey, S., Ruhl, H., Saberi, H., Schmitz, O., Senes, E., Sherwood, P., Silva, L. O., Spitsyn, R. I., Tuev, P. V., Velotti, F., Verra, L., Verzilov, V. A., Vieira, J., Welsch, C. P., Williamson, B., Wing, M., Wolfenden, J., Woolley, B., Dia, G., Zepp, M., and Della Porta, G. Zevi
Subjects: Physics - Plasma Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract: Plasma wakefield dynamics over timescales up to 800 ps, approximately 100 plasma periods, are studied experimentally at the Advanced Wakefield Experiment (AWAKE). The development of the longitudinal wakefield amplitude driven by a self-modulated proton bunch is measured using the external injection of witness electrons that sample the fields. In simulation, resonant excitation of the wakefield causes plasma electron trajectory crossing, resulting in the development of a potential outside the plasma boundary as electrons are transversely ejected. Trends consistent with the presence of this potential are experimentally measured and their dependence on wakefield amplitude are studied via seed laser timing scans and electron injection delay scans., Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures
Published: 2020
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9. Proton beam defocusing in AWAKE: comparison of simulations and measurements

Author: Gorn, A. A., Turner, M., Adli, E., Agnello, R., Aladi, M., Andrebe, Y., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Bachmann, A. -M., Baistrukov, M. A., Batsch, F., Bergamaschi, M., Blanchard, P., Burrows, P. N., Buttenschon, B., Caldwell, A., Chappell, J., Chevallay, E., Chung, M., Cooke, D. A., Damerau, H., Davut, C., Demeter, G., Deubner, L. H., Dexter, A., Djotyan, G. P., Doebert, S., Farmer, J., Fasoli, A., Fedosseev, V. N., Fiorito, R., Fonseca, R. A., Friebel, F., Furno, I., Garolfi, L., Gessner, S., Goddard, B., Gorgisyan, I., Granados, E., Granetzny, M., Grulke, O., Gschwendtner, E., Hafych, V., Hartin, A., Helm, A., Henderson, J. R., Howling, A., Huther, M., Jacquier, R., Kargapolov, I. Yu., Kedves, M. A., Keeble, F., Kelisani, M. D., Kim, S. -Y., Kraus, F., Krupa, M., Lefevre, T., Liang, L., Liu, S., Lopes, N., Lotov, K. V., Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Godoy, D. Medina, Minakov, V. A., Moody, J. T., Guzman, P. I. Morales, Moreira, M., Nechaeva, T., Panuganti, H., Pardons, A., Asmus, F. Pena, Perera, A., Petrenko, A., Pucek, J., Pukhov, A., Raczkevi, B., Ramjiawan, R. L., Rey, S., Ruhl, H., Saberi, H., Schmitz, O., Senes, E., Sherwood, P., Silva, L. O., Spitsyn, R. I., Tuev, P. V., Velotti, F., Verra, L., Verzilov, V. A., Vieira, J., Welsch, C. P., Williamson, B., Wing, M., Wolfenden, J., Woolley, B., Xia, G., Zepp, M., and Della Porta, G. Zevi
Subjects: Physics - Accelerator Physics, Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract: In 2017, AWAKE demonstrated the seeded self-modulation (SSM) of a 400 GeV proton beam from the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) at CERN. The angular distribution of the protons deflected due to SSM is a quantitative measure of the process, which agrees with simulations by the two-dimensional (axisymmetric) particle-in-cell code LCODE. Agreement is achieved for beam populations between $10^{11}$ and $3 \times 10^{11}$ particles, various plasma density gradients ($-20 \div 20\%$) and two plasma densities ($2\times 10^{14} \text{cm}^{-3}$ and $7 \times 10^{14} \text{cm}^{-3}$). The agreement is reached only in the case of a wide enough simulation box (at least five plasma wavelengths)., Comment: 8 pages, 9 figures, 1 table
Published: 2020

10. Experimental observation of proton bunch modulation in a plasma, at varying plasma densities

Author: Adli, E., Ahuja, A., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Bachmann, A. -M., Barrientos, D., Barros, M. M., Batkiewicz, J., Batsch, F., Bauche, J., Olsen, V. K. Berglyd, Bernardini, M., Biskup, B., Boccardi, A., Bogey, T., Bohl, T., Bracco, C., Braunmüller, F., Burger, S., Burt, G., Bustamante, S., Buttenschön, B., Caldwell, A., Cascella, M., Chappell, J., Chevallay, E., Chung, M., Cooke, D., Damerau, H., Deacon, L., Deubner, L. H., Dexter, A., Doebert, S., Farmer, J., Fedosseev, V. N., Fior, G., Fiorito, R., Fonseca, R. A., Friebel, F., Garolfi, L., Gessner, S., Gorgisyan, I., Gorn, A. A., Granados, E., Grulke, O., Gschwendtner, E., Guerrero, A., Hansen, J., Helm, A., Henderson, J. R., Hessler, C., Hoe, W., Hüther, M., Ibison, M., Jensen, L., Jolly, S., Keeble, F., Kim, S. -Y., Kraus, F., Lefevre, T., LeGodec, G., Li, Y., Liu, S., Lopes, N., Lotov, K. V., Brun, L. Maricalva, Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Godoy, D. Medina, Minakov, V. A., Mitchell, J., Molendijk, J. C., Mompo, R., Moody, J. T., Moreira, M., Muggli, P., Mutin, C., Öz, E., Ozturk, E., Pasquino, C., Pardons, A., Asmus, F. Pena, Pepitone, K., Perera, A., Petrenko, A., Pitman, S., Plyushchev, G., Pukhov, A., Rey, S., Rieger, K., Ruhl, H., Schmidt, J. S., Shalimova, I. A., Shaposhnikova, E., Sherwood, P., Silva, L. O., Soby, L., Sosedkin, A. P., Speroni, R., Spitsyn, R. I., Tuev, P. V., Turner, M., Velotti, F., Verra, L., Verzilov, V. A., Vieira, J., Vincke, H., Welsch, C. P., Williamson, B., Wing, M., Woolley, B., and Xia, G.
Subjects: Physics - Accelerator Physics, Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract: We give direct experimental evidence for the observation of the full transverse self-modulation of a relativistic proton bunch propagating through a dense plasma. The bunch exits the plasma with a density modulation resulting from radial wakefield effects with a period reciprocal to the plasma frequency. We show that the modulation is seeded by using an intense laser pulse co-propagating with the proton bunch which creates a relativistic ionization front within the bunch. We show by varying the plasma density over one order of magnitude that the modulation period scales with the expected dependence on the plasma density., Comment: 4 figures, AWAKE collaboration paper, Submitted to PRL
Published: 2018
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11. Acceleration of electrons in the plasma wakefield of a proton bunch

Author: The AWAKE Collaboration, Adli, E., Ahuja, A., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Bachmann, A. -M., Barrientos, D., Batsch, F., Bauche, J., Olsen, V. K. Berglyd, Bernardini, M., Bohl, T., Bracco, C., Braunmueller, F., Burt, G., Buttenschoen, B., Caldwell, A., Cascella, M., Chappell, J., Chevallay, E., Chung, M., Cooke, D., Damerau, H., Deacon, L., Deubner, L. H., Dexter, A., Doebert, S., Farmer, J., Fedosseev, V. N., Fiorito, R., Fonseca, R. A., Friebel, F., Garolfi, L., Gessner, S., Gorgisyan, I., Gorn, A. A., Granados, E., Grulke, O., Gschwendtner, E., Hansen, J., Helm, A., Henderson, J. R., Huether, M., Ibison, M., Jensen, L., Jolly, S., Keeble, F., Kim, S. -Y., Kraus, F., Li, Y., Liu, S., Lopes, N., Lotov, K. V., Brun, L. Maricalva, Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Godoy, D. Medina, Minakov, V. A., Mitchell, J., Molendijk, J. C., Moody, J. T., Moreira, M., Muggli, P., Oez, E., Pasquino, C., Pardons, A., Asmus, F. Pena, Pepitone, K., Perera, A., Petrenko, A., Pitman, S., Pukhov, A., Rey, S., Rieger, K., Ruhl, H., Schmidt, J. S., Shalimova, I. A., Sherwood, P., Silva, L. O., Soby, L., Sosedkin, A. P., Speroni, R., Spitsyn, R. I., Tuev, P. V., Turner, M., Velotti, F., Verra, L., Verzilov, V. A., Vieira, J., Welsch, C. P., Williamson, B., Wing, M., Woolley, B., and Xia, G.
Subjects: Physics - Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract: High energy particle accelerators have been crucial in providing a deeper understanding of fundamental particles and the forces that govern their interactions. In order to increase the energy or reduce the size of the accelerator, new acceleration schemes need to be developed. Plasma wakefield acceleration, in which the electrons in a plasma are excited, leading to strong electric fields, is one such promising novel acceleration technique. Pioneering experiments have shown that an intense laser pulse or electron bunch traversing a plasma, drives electric fields of 10s GV/m and above. These values are well beyond those achieved in conventional RF accelerators which are limited to ~0.1 GV/m. A limitation of laser pulses and electron bunches is their low stored energy, which motivates the use of multiple stages to reach very high energies. The use of proton bunches is compelling, as they have the potential to drive wakefields and accelerate electrons to high energy in a single accelerating stage. The long proton bunches currently available can be used, as they undergo self-modulation, a particle-plasma interaction which longitudinally splits the bunch into a series of high density microbunches, which then act resonantly to create large wakefields. The AWAKE experiment at CERN uses intense bunches of protons, each of energy 400 GeV, with a total bunch energy of 19 kJ, to drive a wakefield in a 10 m long plasma. Bunches of electrons are injected into the wakefield formed by the proton microbunches. This paper presents measurements of electrons accelerated up to 2 GeV at AWAKE. This constitutes the first demonstration of proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration. The potential for this scheme to produce very high energy electron bunches in a single accelerating stage means that the results shown here are a significant step towards the development of future high energy particle accelerators., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures. Updated acknowledgements and one reference
Published: 2018
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12. Proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration in AWAKE.

Author: Gschwendtner, E, Turner, M, Adli, E, Ahuja, A, Apsimon, O, Apsimon, R, Bachmann, A-M, Batsch, F, Bracco, C, Braunmüller, F, Burger, S, Burt, G, Buttenschön, B, Caldwell, A, Chappell, J, Chevallay, E, Chung, M, Cooke, D, Damerau, H, Deubner, LH, Dexter, A, Doebert, S, Farmer, J, Fedosseev, VN, Fiorito, R, Fonseca, RA, Friebel, F, Garolfi, L, Gessner, S, Goddard, B, Gorgisyan, I, Gorn, AA, Granados, E, Grulke, O, Hartin, A, Helm, A, Henderson, JR, Hüther, M, Ibison, M, Jolly, S, Keeble, F, Kelisani, MD, Kim, S-Y, Kraus, F, Krupa, M, Lefevre, T, Li, Y, Liu, S, Lopes, N, Lotov, KV, Martyanov, M, Mazzoni, S, Minakov, VA, Molendijk, JC, Moody, JT, Moreira, M, Muggli, P, Panuganti, H, Pardons, A, Peña Asmus, F, Perera, A, Petrenko, A, Pukhov, A, Rey, S, Sherwood, P, Silva, LO, Sosedkin, AP, Tuev, PV, Velotti, F, Verra, L, Verzilov, VA, Vieira, J, Welsch, CP, Wendt, M, Williamson, B, Wing, M, Woolley, B, and Xia, G
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, AWAKE, plasma wakefield acceleration, seeded self modulation, AWAKE Collaboration, physics.acc-ph, General Science & Technology
Abstract: In this article, we briefly summarize the experiments performed during the first run of the Advanced Wakefield Experiment, AWAKE, at CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research). The final goal of AWAKE Run 1 (2013-2018) was to demonstrate that 10-20 MeV electrons can be accelerated to GeV energies in a plasma wakefield driven by a highly relativistic self-modulated proton bunch. We describe the experiment, outline the measurement concept and present first results. Last, we outline our plans for the future. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Directions in particle beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration'.
Published: 2019

13. AWAKE readiness for the study of the seeded self-modulation of a 400\,GeV proton bunch

Author: Muggli, P., Adli, E., Apsimon, R., Asmus, F., Baartman, R., Bachmann, A. -M., Marin, M. Barros, Batsch, F., Bauche, J., Olsen, V. K. Berglyd, Bernardini, M., Biskup, B., Boccardi, A., Bogey, T., Bohl, T., Bracco, C., Braunmuller, F., Burger, S., Burt, G., Bustamante, S., Buttenschon, B., Butterworth, A., Caldwell, A., Cascella, M., Chevallay, E., Chung, M., Damerau, H., Deacon, L., Dexter, A., Dirksen, P., Doebert, S., Farmer, J., Fedosseev, V., Feniet, T., Fior, G., Fiorito, R., Fonseca, R., Friebel, F., Gander, P., Gessner, S., Gorgisyan, I., Gorn, A. A., Grulke, O., Gschwendtner, E., Guerrero, A., Hansen, J., Hessler, C., Hofle, W., Holloway, J., Huther, M., Ibison, M., Islam, M. R., Jensen, L., Jolly, S., Kasim, M., Keeble, F., Kim, S. -Y., Krause, F., Lasheen, A., Lefevre, T., LeGodec, G., Li, Y., Liu, S., Lopes, N., Lotov, K. V., Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Godoy, D. Medina, Mete, O., Minakov, V. A., Mompo, R., Moody, J., Moreira, M. T., Mitchell, J., Mutin, C., Norreys, P., Oz, E., Ozturk, E., Pauw, W., Pardone, A., Pasquino, C., Pepitone, K., Petrenko, A., Pitmann, S., Plyushchev, G., Pukhov, A., Rieger, K., Ruhl, H., Schmidt, J., Shalimova, I. A., Shaposhnikova, E., Sherwood, P., Silva, L., Sosedkin, A. P., Spitsyn, R. I., Szczurek, K., Thomas, J., Tuev, P. V., Turner, M., Verzilov, V., Vieira, J., Vincke, H., Welsch, C. P., Williamson, B., Wing, M., Xia, G., and Zhang, H.
Subjects: Physics - Plasma Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract: AWAKE is a proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration experiment. % We show that the experimental setup briefly described here is ready for systematic study of the seeded self-modulation of the 400\,GeV proton bunch in the 10\,m-long rubidium plasma with density adjustable from 1 to 10$\times10^{14}$\,cm$^{-3}$. % We show that the short laser pulse used for ionization of the rubidium vapor propagates all the way along the column, suggesting full ionization of the vapor. % We show that ionization occurs along the proton bunch, at the laser time and that the plasma that follows affects the proton bunch. %, Comment: Presented as an invited talk at the EPS=Plasma Physics Conference 2017
Published: 2017
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14. Acceleration of electrons in the plasma wakefield of a proton bunch

Author: Adli, E, Ahuja, A, Apsimon, O, Apsimon, R, Bachmann, A-M, Barrientos, D, Batsch, F, Bauche, J, Berglyd Olsen, VK, Bernardini, M, Bohl, T, Bracco, C, Braunmüller, F, Burt, G, Buttenschön, B, Caldwell, A, Cascella, M, Chappell, J, Chevallay, E, Chung, M, Cooke, D, Damerau, H, Deacon, L, Deubner, LH, Dexter, A, Doebert, S, Farmer, J, Fedosseev, VN, Fiorito, R, Fonseca, RA, Friebel, F, Garolfi, L, Gessner, S, Gorgisyan, I, Gorn, AA, Granados, E, Grulke, O, Gschwendtner, E, Hansen, J, Helm, A, Henderson, JR, Hüther, M, Ibison, M, Jensen, L, Jolly, S, Keeble, F, Kim, S-Y, Kraus, F, Li, Y, Liu, S, Lopes, N, Lotov, KV, Maricalva Brun, L, Martyanov, M, Mazzoni, S, Medina Godoy, D, Minakov, VA, Mitchell, J, Molendijk, JC, Moody, JT, Moreira, M, Muggli, P, Öz, E, Pasquino, C, Pardons, A, Peña Asmus, F, Pepitone, K, Perera, A, Petrenko, A, Pitman, S, Pukhov, A, Rey, S, Rieger, K, Ruhl, H, Schmidt, JS, Shalimova, IA, Sherwood, P, Silva, LO, Soby, L, Sosedkin, AP, Speroni, R, Spitsyn, RI, Tuev, PV, Turner, M, Velotti, F, Verra, L, Verzilov, VA, Vieira, J, Welsch, CP, Williamson, B, Wing, M, Woolley, B, and Xia, G
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Physical Sciences, Affordable and Clean Energy, General Science & Technology
Abstract: High-energy particle accelerators have been crucial in providing a deeper understanding of fundamental particles and the forces that govern their interactions. To increase the energy of the particles or to reduce the size of the accelerator, new acceleration schemes need to be developed. Plasma wakefield acceleration1-5, in which the electrons in a plasma are excited, leading to strong electric fields (so called 'wakefields'), is one such promising acceleration technique. Experiments have shown that an intense laser pulse6-9 or electron bunch10,11 traversing a plasma can drive electric fields of tens of gigavolts per metre and above-well beyond those achieved in conventional radio-frequency accelerators (about 0.1 gigavolt per metre). However, the low stored energy of laser pulses and electron bunches means that multiple acceleration stages are needed to reach very high particle energies5,12. The use of proton bunches is compelling because they have the potential to drive wakefields and to accelerate electrons to high energy in a single acceleration stage13. Long, thin proton bunches can be used because they undergo a process called self-modulation14-16, a particle-plasma interaction that splits the bunch longitudinally into a series of high-density microbunches, which then act resonantly to create large wakefields. The Advanced Wakefield (AWAKE) experiment at CERN17-19 uses high-intensity proton bunches-in which each proton has an energy of 400 gigaelectronvolts, resulting in a total bunch energy of 19 kilojoules-to drive a wakefield in a ten-metre-long plasma. Electron bunches are then injected into this wakefield. Here we present measurements of electrons accelerated up to two gigaelectronvolts at the AWAKE experiment, in a demonstration of proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration. Measurements were conducted under various plasma conditions and the acceleration was found to be consistent and reliable. The potential for this scheme to produce very high-energy electron bunches in a single accelerating stage20 means that our results are an important step towards the development of future high-energy particle accelerators21,22.
Published: 2018

15. AWAKE, The Advanced Proton Driven Plasma Wakefield Acceleration Experiment at CERN

Author: Gschwendtner, E., Adli, E., Amorim, L., Apsimon, R., Assmann, R., Bachmann, A. -M., Batsch, F., Bauche, J., Olsen, V. K. Berglyd, Bernardini, M., Bingham, R., Biskup, B., Bohl, T., Bracco, C., Burrows, P. N., Burt, G., Buttenschon, B., Butterworth, A., Caldwell, A., Cascella, M., Chevallay, E., Cipiccia, S., Damerau, H., Deacon, L., Dirksen, P., Doebert, S., Dorda, U., Farmer, J., Fedosseev, V., Feldbaumer, E., Fiorito, R., Fonseca, R., Friebel, F., Gorn, A. A., Grulke, O., Hansen, J., Hessler, C., Hofle, W., Holloway, J., Huther, M., Jaroszynski, D., Jensen, L., Jolly, S., Joulaei, A., Kasim, M., Keeble, F., Li, Y., Liu, S., Lopes, N., Lotov, K. V., Mandry, S., Martorelli, R., Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Mete, O., Minakov, V. A., Mitchell, J., Moody, J., Muggli, P., Najmudin, Z., Norreys, P., Oz, E., Pardons, A., Pepitone, K., Petrenko, A., Plyushchev, G., Pukhov, A., Rieger, K., Ruhl, H., Salveter, F., Savard, N., Schmidt, J., Seryi, A., Shaposhnikova, E., Sheng, Z. M., Sherwood, P., Silva, L., Soby, L., Sosedkin, A. P., Spitsyn, R. I., Trines, R., Tuev, P. V., Turner, M., Verzilov, V., Vieira, J., Vincke, H., Wei, Y., Welsch, C. P., Wing, M., Xia, G., and Zhang, H.
Subjects: Physics - Accelerator Physics, Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract: The Advanced Proton Driven Plasma Wakefield Acceleration Experiment (AWAKE) aims at studying plasma wakefield generation and electron acceleration driven by proton bunches. It is a proof-of-principle R&D experiment at CERN and the world's first proton driven plasma wakefield acceleration experiment. The AWAKE experiment will be installed in the former CNGS facility and uses the 400 GeV/c proton beam bunches from the SPS. The first experiments will focus on the self-modulation instability of the long (rms ~12 cm) proton bunch in the plasma. These experiments are planned for the end of 2016. Later, in 2017/2018, low energy (~15 MeV) electrons will be externally injected to sample the wakefields and be accelerated beyond 1 GeV. The main goals of the experiment will be summarized. A summary of the AWAKE design and construction status will be presented., Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables
Published: 2015
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16. Path to AWAKE: Evolution of the concept

Author: Caldwell, A., Adli, E., Amorim, L., Apsimon, R., Argyropoulos, T., Assmann, R., Bachmann, A. -M., Batsch, F., Bauche, J., Olsen, V. K. Berglyd, Bernardini, M., Bingham, R., Biskup, B., Bohl, T., Bracco, C., Burrows, P. N., Burt, G., Buttenschon, B., Butterworth, A., Cascella, M., Chattopadhyay, S., Chevallay, E., Cipiccia, S., Damerau, H., Deacon, L., Dirksen, P., Doebert, S., Dorda, U., Elsen, E., Farmer, J., Fartoukh, S., Fedosseev, V., Feldbaumer, E., Fiorito, R., Fonseca, R., Friebel, F., Geschonke, G., Goddard, B., Gorn, A. A., Grulke, O., Gschwendtner, E., Hansen, J., Hessler, C., Hillenbrand, S., Hofle, W., Holloway, J., Huang, C., Huther, M., Jaroszynski, D., Jensen, L., Jolly, S., Joulaei, A., Kasim, M., Keeble, F., Kersevan, R., Kumar, N., Li, Y., Liu, S., Lopes, N., Lotov, K. V., Lu, W., Machacek, J., Mandry, S., Martin, I., Martorelli, R., Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Meddahi, M., Merminga, L., Mete, O., Minakov, V. A., Mitchell, J., Moody, J., Muller, A. -S., Najmudin, Z., Noakes, T. C. Q., Norreys, P., Osterhoff, J., Oz, E., Pardons, A., Pepitone, K., Petrenko, A., Plyushchev, G., Pozimski, J., Pukhov, A., Reimann, O., Rieger, K., Roesler, S., Ruhl, H., Rusnak, T., Salveter, F., Savard, N., Schmidt, J., von der Schmitt, H., Seryi, A., Shaposhnikova, E., Sheng, Z. M., Sherwood, P., Silva, L., Simon, F., Soby, L., Sosedkin, A. P., Spitsyn, R. I., Tajima, T., Tarkeshian, R., Timko, H., Trines, R., Tueckmantel, T., Tuev, P. V., Turner, M., Velotti, F., Verzilov, V., Vieira, J., Vincke, H., Wei, Y., Welsch, C. P., Wing, M., Xia, G., Yakimenko, V., Zhang, H., and Zimmermann, F.
Subjects: Physics - Plasma Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract: This report describes the conceptual steps in reaching the design of the AWAKE experiment currently under construction at CERN. We start with an introduction to plasma wakefield acceleration and the motivation for using proton drivers. We then describe the self-modulation instability --- a key to an early realization of the concept. This is then followed by the historical development of the experimental design, where the critical issues that arose and their solutions are described. We conclude with the design of the experiment as it is being realized at CERN and some words on the future outlook. A summary of the AWAKE design and construction status as presented in this conference is given in [1]., Comment: 15 pages, 24 figures, 1 table, 111 references, 121 author from 36 organizations
Published: 2015
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17. An accurate Rb density measurement method for a plasma wakefield accelerator experiment using a novel Rb reservoir

Author: Öz, E., Batsch, F., and Muggli, P.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract: A method to accurately measure the density of Rb vapor is described. We plan on using this method for the Advanced Wakefield (AWAKE)~\cite{bib:awake} project at CERN , which will be the world's first proton driven plasma wakefield experiment. The method is similar to the hook~\cite{bib:Hook} method and has been described in great detail in the work by W. Tendell Hill et. al.~\cite{bib:densitymeter}. In this method a cosine fit is applied to the interferogram to obtain a relative accuracy on the order of $1\%$ for the vapor density-length product. A single-mode, fiber-based, Mach-Zenhder interferometer will be built and used near the ends of the 10 meter-long AWAKE plasma source to be able to make accurate relative density measurement between these two locations. This can then be used to infer the vapor density gradient along the AWAKE plasma source and also change it to the value desired for the plasma wakefield experiment. Here we describe the plan in detail and show preliminary results obtained using a prototype 8 cm long novel Rb vapor cell., Comment: 5 pages 9 figures
Published: 2015
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18. Interferometer-based high-accuracy white light measurement of neutral rubidium density and gradient at AWAKE

Author: Batsch, F., Martyanov, M., Oez, E., Moody, J., Gschwendtner, E., Caldwell, A., and Muggli, P.
Published: 2018
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19. AWAKE, The Advanced Proton Driven Plasma Wakefield Acceleration Experiment at CERN

Author: Gschwendtner, E., Adli, E., Amorim, L., Apsimon, R., Assmann, R., Bachmann, A.-M., Batsch, F., Bauche, J., Berglyd Olsen, V.K., Bernardini, M., Bingham, R., Biskup, B., Bohl, T., Bracco, C., Burrows, P.N., Burt, G., Buttenschön, B., Butterworth, A., Caldwell, A., Cascella, M., Chevallay, E., Cipiccia, S., Damerau, H., Deacon, L., Dirksen, P., Doebert, S., Dorda, U., Farmer, J., Fedosseev, V., Feldbaumer, E., Fiorito, R., Fonseca, R., Friebel, F., Gorn, A.A., Grulke, O., Hansen, J., Hessler, C., Hofle, W., Holloway, J., Hüther, M., Jaroszynski, D., Jensen, L., Jolly, S., Joulaei, A., Kasim, M., Keeble, F., Li, Y., Liu, S., Lopes, N., Lotov, K.V., Mandry, S., Martorelli, R., Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Mete, O., Minakov, V.A., Mitchell, J., Moody, J., Muggli, P., Najmudin, Z., Norreys, P., Öz, E., Pardons, A., Pepitone, K., Petrenko, A., Plyushchev, G., Pukhov, A., Rieger, K., Ruhl, H., Salveter, F., Savard, N., Schmidt, J., Seryi, A., Shaposhnikova, E., Sheng, Z.M., Sherwood, P., Silva, L., Soby, L., Sosedkin, A.P., Spitsyn, R.I., Trines, R., Tuev, P.V., Turner, M., Verzilov, V., Vieira, J., Vincke, H., Wei, Y., Welsch, C.P., Wing, M., Xia, G., and Zhang, H.
Published: 2016
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20. An accurate Rb density measurement method for a plasma wakefield accelerator experiment using a novel Rb reservoir

Author: Öz, E., Batsch, F., and Muggli, P.
Published: 2016
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21. Path to AWAKE: Evolution of the concept

Author: Caldwell, A., Adli, E., Amorim, L., Apsimon, R., Argyropoulos, T., Assmann, R., Bachmann, A.-M., Batsch, F., Bauche, J., Berglyd Olsen, V.K., Bernardini, M., Bingham, R., Biskup, B., Bohl, T., Bracco, C., Burrows, P.N., Burt, G., Buttenschön, B., Butterworth, A., Cascella, M., Chattopadhyay, S., Chevallay, E., Cipiccia, S., Damerau, H., Deacon, L., Dirksen, P., Doebert, S., Dorda, U., Elsen, E., Farmer, J., Fartoukh, S., Fedosseev, V., Feldbaumer, E., Fiorito, R., Fonseca, R., Friebel, F., Geschonke, G., Goddard, B., Gorn, A.A., Grulke, O., Gschwendtner, E., Hansen, J., Hessler, C., Hillenbrand, S., Hofle, W., Holloway, J., Huang, C., Hüther, M., Jaroszynski, D., Jensen, L., Jolly, S., Joulaei, A., Kasim, M., Keeble, F., Kersevan, R., Kumar, N., Li, Y., Liu, S., Lopes, N., Lotov, K.V., Lu, W., Machacek, J., Mandry, S., Martin, I., Martorelli, R., Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Meddahi, M., Merminga, L., Mete, O., Minakov, V.A., Mitchell, J., Moody, J., Müller, A.-S., Najmudin, Z., Noakes, T.C.Q., Norreys, P., Osterhoff, J., Öz, E., Pardons, A., Pepitone, K., Petrenko, A., Plyushchev, G., Pozimski, J., Pukhov, A., Reimann, O., Rieger, K., Roesler, S., Ruhl, H., Rusnak, T., Salveter, F., Savard, N., Schmidt, J., von der Schmitt, H., Seryi, A., Shaposhnikova, E., Sheng, Z.M., Sherwood, P., Silva, L., Simon, F., Soby, L., Sosedkin, A.P., Spitsyn, R.I., Tajima, T., Tarkeshian, R., Timko, H., Trines, R., Tückmantel, T., Tuev, P.V., Turner, M., Velotti, F., Verzilov, V., Vieira, J., Vincke, H., Wei, Y., Welsch, C.P., Wing, M., Xia, G., Yakimenko, V., Zhang, H., and Zimmermann, F.
Published: 2016
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22. AWAKE: A Proton-Driven Plasma Wakefield Acceleration Experiment at CERN

Author: Bracco, C., Amorim, L.D., Assmann, R., Batsch, F., Bingham, R., Burt, G., Buttenschön, B., Butterworth, A., Caldwell, A., Chattopadhyay, S., Cipiccia, S., Deacon, L.C., Doebert, S., Dorda, U., Feldbaumer, E., Fonseca, R.A., Fedossev, V., Goddard, B., Grebenyuk, J., Grulke, O., Gschwendtner, E., Hansen, J., Hessler, C., Hofle, W., Holloway, J., Jaroszynski, D., Jenkins, M., Jensen, L., Jolly, S., Jones, R., Kasim, M.F., Lopes, N., Lotov, K., Mandry, S.R., Martyanov, M., Meddahi, M., Mete, O., Minakov, V., Moody, J., Muggli, P., Najmudin, Z., Norreys, P.A., Öz, E., Pardons, A., Petrenko, A., Pukhov, A., Rieger, K., Reimann, O., Seryi, A.A., Shaposhnikova, E., Sherwood, P., Silva, L.O., Sosedkin, A., Tarkeshian, R., Trines, R.M.G.M., Velotti, F.M., Vieira, J., Vincke, H., Welsch, C., Wing, M., and Xia, G.
Published: 2016
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23. Controlled growth of the self-modulation of a relativistic proton bunch in plasma

Author: Verra, L., Zevi Della Porta, G., Pucek, J., Nechaeva, T., Wyler, S., Bergamaschi, M., Senes, E., Guran, E., Moody, J.T., Kedves, M.Á., Gschwendtner, E., Muggli, P., Agnello, R., Ahdida, C.C., Goncalves, M.C.A., Andrebe, Y., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Arnesano, J.M., Bachmann, A.-M., Barrientos, D., Batsch, F., Bencini, V., Blanchard, P., Burrows, P.N., Buttenschön, B., Caldwell, A., Chappell, J., Chevallay, E., Chung, M., Cooke, D.A., Davut, C., Demeter, G., Dexter, A.C., Doebert, S., Elverson, F.A., Farmer, J., Fasoli, A., Fedosseev, V., Fonseca, R., Furno, I., Gorn, A., Granados, E., Granetzny, M., Graubner, T., Grulke, O., Hafych, V., Henderson, J., Hüther, M., Khudiakov, V., Kim, S.-Y., Kraus, F., Krupa, M., Lefevre, T., Liang, L., Liu, S., Lopes, N., Lotov, K., Martinez Calderon, M., Mazzoni, S., Medina Godoy, D., Moon, K., Morales Guzmán, P.I., Moreira, M., Nowak, E., Pakuza, C., Panuganti, H., Pardons, A., Pepitone, K., Perera, A., Pukhov, A., Ramjiawan, R.L., Rey, S., Schmitz, O., Silva, F., Silva, L., Stollberg, C., Sublet, A., Swain, C., Topaloudis, A., Torrado, N., Tuev, P., Velotti, F., Verzilov, V., Vieira, J., Weidl, M., Welsch, C., Wendt, M., Wing, M., Wolfenden, J., Woolley, B., Xia, G., Yarygova, V., Zepp, M., and AWAKE Collaboration
Subjects: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), Other Fields of Physics, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Acceleratorfysik och instrumentering, Accelerator Physics and Instrumentation, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Ciências Naturais::Ciências Físicas [Domínio/Área Científica], Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics, Physics - Plasma Physics, Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Fusion, plasma och rymdfysik, physics.plasm-ph, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics, physics.acc-ph
Abstract: A long, narrow, relativistic charged particle bunch propagating in plasma is subject to the self-modulation (SM) instability. We show that SM of a proton bunch can be seeded by the wakefields driven by a preceding electron bunch. SM timing reproducibility and control are at the level of a small fraction of the modulation period. With this seeding method, we independently control the amplitude of the seed wakefields with the charge of the electron bunch and the growth rate of SM with the charge of the proton bunch. Seeding leads to larger growth of the wakefields than in the instability case. A long, narrow, relativistic charged particle bunch propagating in plasma is subject to the self-modulation (SM) instability. We show that SM of a proton bunch can be seeded by the wakefields driven by a preceding electron bunch. SM timing reproducibility and control are at the level of a small fraction of the modulation period. With this seeding method, we independently control the amplitude of the seed wakefields with the charge of the electron bunch and the growth rate of SM with the charge of the proton bunch. Seeding leads to larger growth of the wakefields than in the instability case.
Published: 2022
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24. A Muon Collider Facility for Physics Discovery

Author: Stratakis, D., Mokhov, N., Palmer, M., Pastrone, N., Raubenheimer, T., Rogers, C., Schulte, D., Shiltsev, V., Tang, J., Aimè, C., Mahmoud, M. A., Bartosik, N., Barzi, E., Bersani, A., Bertolin, A., Bonesini, M., Caiffi, B., Casarsa, M., Catanesi, M. G., Cerri, A., Curatolo, C., Dam, M., Damerau, H., Matteis, E., Denizli, H., Di Micco, B., Dorigo, T., Farinon, S., Filthaut, F., Fiorina, D., Giove, D., Greco, M., Grojean, C., Han, T., Jindariani, S., Koppenburg, P., Krizka, K., Li, Q., Liu, Z., Long, K. R., Lucchesi, D., Mariotto, S., Meloni, F., Merlassino, C., Métral, E., Montella, A., Musenich, R., Nardecchia, M., Nardi, F., Neuffer, D., Griso, S. Pagan, Potamianos, K., Prioli, M., Radicioni, E., Reina, L., Riccardi, C., Ristori, L., Rossi, L., Salvini, P., Santiago, J., Senol, A., Sestini, L., Sorbi, M., Stark, G., Statera, M., Sun, X., Vai, I., Agashe, K., Allanach, B. C., Apresyan, A., Asadi, P., Athanasakos, D., Azatov, A., Batsch, F., Biagini, M. E., Black, K. M., Braghieri, A., Bross, A., Buonincontri, L., Buttazzo, D., Calderini, G., Calzaferri, S., Canepa, A., Capdevilla, R., Castelli, L., Cesarotti, C., Chachamis, G., Chacko, Z., Chancé, A., Chen, S., Chien, Y. -T, Colaleo, A., Costa, M., Craig, N., Cui, Y., Curtin, D., D Agnolo, R. T., Da Molin, G., Dasu, S., Blas, J., Deandrea, A., Delahaye, J., Delgado, A., Dermisek, R., Di Petrillo, K. F., Dickinson, J., Dracos, M., Errico, F., Everaerts, P., Everett, L., Ferretti, G., Forslund, M., Franceschini, R., Gabrielli, E., Garosi, F., Giambastiani, L., Giraldin, C., Glioti, A., Gray, L., Greljo, A., Gu, J., Haber, H. E., Han, C., Hauptman, J., Henning, B., Hermanek, K., Herndon, M., Holmes, T. R., Homiller, S., Jana, S., Jia, H., Kahn, Y., Kaplan, D. M., Kilian, W., Kong, K., Krintiras, G. K., Krnjaic, G., Losito, R., Lee, L., Li, W., Low, I., Lu, Q., Ma, Y., Maltoni, F., Mantani, L., Marzocca, D., Mastrapasqua, P., Matchev, K., Mazzacane, A., Mcginnis, N., Meade, P., Mele, B., Merkel, P., Mescia, F., Mishra, R. K., Mohammadi, A., Mohapatra, R., Montagna, P., Neufeld, N., Newman, H., Nomura, Y., Ojalvo, I., Panci, P., Pagani, D., Paradisi, P., Antonello Pellecchia, Perloff, A., Piccinini, F., Pierini, M., Procura, M., Radogna, R., Redigolo, D., Reuter, J., Riva, F., Robens, T., Queiroz, F. S., Sala, F., Salko, J., Salvioni, E., Sarra, I., Schieck, J., Selvaggi, M., Sharma, V., Simone, F. M., Stamerra, A., Stolarski, D., Stupak, J., Su, S., Sundrum, R., Swiatlowski, M., Sytov, A., Tait, T., Thompson, E. A., Torre, R., Tortora, L., Trifinopoulos, S., Valente, M., Valle, N., Venditti, R., Verwilligen, P., Vittorio, L., Vitulo, P., Vryonidou, E., Vuosalo, C., Weber, H., Wu, Y., Wulzer, A., Xie, K., Yonehara, K., Yu, H. -B, Zaza, A., Zheng, Y. J., Zuliani, D., Zurita, J., Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Physique Théorique - UMR CNRS 3681 (IPHT), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Hautes Energies (LPTHE), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Muon Collider
Subjects: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ACC-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Accelerator Physics [physics.acc-ph], FOS: Physical sciences, costs, Physics - Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, accelerator: technology, muon: storage ring, Accelerators and Storage Rings, activity report, performance, accelerator: design, physics.acc-ph
Abstract: Muon colliders provide a unique route to deliver high energy collisions that enable discovery searches and precision measurements to extend our understanding of the fundamental laws of physics. The muon collider design aims to deliver physics reach at the highest energies with costs, power consumption and on a time scale that may prove favorable relative to other proposed facilities. In this context, a new international collaboration has formed to further extend the design concepts and performance studies of such a machine. This effort is focused on delivering the elements of a $\sim$10 TeV center of mass (CM) energy design to explore the physics energy frontier. The path to such a machine may pass through lower energy options. Currently a 3 TeV CM stage is considered. Other energy stages could also be explored, e.g. an s-channel Higgs Factory operating at 125 GeV CM. We describe the status of the R&D and design effort towards such a machine and lay out a plan to bring these concepts to maturity as a tool for the high energy physics community., 23 pages, 3 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2201.07895
Published: 2022

25. Instability and Seeded Self-Modulation of a Relativistic Proton Bunch in Plasma

Author: Batsch, F., Caldwell, Allen C. (Prof. Dr.), and Jenko, Frank (Prof. Dr.)
Subjects: Physik, Physics::Plasma Physics, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Self-modulation, Plasma Wakefield Acceleration, AWAKE, ddc:530, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Selbstmodulation, Plasma-Kielfeld-Beschleunigung, AWAKE
Abstract: In this work, I demonstrate the existence of two distinct self-modulation (SM) regimes for a relativistic proton bunch in plasma. I evaluate the variation in the phase of the modulation as a function of the initial transverse wakefield amplitude. I show experimentally for the first time that SM can evolve as an instability, i.e. growing from noise, or be seeded, i.e. controlled. With sufficient seed wakefield amplitude, the modulation phase is reproducible from event to event, all along the bunch. Further, I study the effect of linear plasma gradients on the self-modulation. Im Rahmen des AWAKE-Experiments am CERN messe ich die Phase selbstmodulierter Protonenpakete in Plasma und bestimme dabei deren Variation als Funktion der Kielfeld-Amplitude zu Beginn. Ich zeige, dass der Prozess der Selbst-Modulation als Instabilität ablaufen kann, d.h. mit großen Phasenvariation, oder als angeregter Prozess bei dem die Phase kontrolliert wird. Des Weiteren beobachte ich den Einfluss linearer Plasmadichtegradienten auf die Selbstmodulation und die dabei entstehenden Protonen-Mikropakete.
Published: 2022

26. Promising Technologies and R&D Directions for the Future Muon Collider Detectors

Author: Jindariani, S., Meloni, F., Aimè, C., Bartosik, N., Barzi, E., Bertolin, A., Braghieri, A., Buonincontri, L., Calzaferri, S., Casarsa, M., Catanesi, M. G., Cerri, A., Chachamis, G., Colaleo, A., Curatolo, C., Da Molin, G., Delahaye, J., Di Micco, B., Dorigo, T., Errico, F., Fiorina, D., Gianelle, A., Giraldin, C., Hauptman, J., Holmes, T. R., Krizka, K., Lee, L., Long, K. R., Lucchesi, D., Mokhov, N., Montella, A., Nardi, F., Neufeld, N., Neuffer, D., Pagan Griso, S., Antonello Pellecchia, Potamianos, K., Radicioni, E., Radogna, R., Riccardi, C., Ristori, L., Rossi, L., Salvini, P., Schulte, D., Sestini, L., Shiltsev, V., Simone, F. M., Stamerra, A., Sun, X., Tang, J., Thompson, E. A., Vai, I., Valle, N., Venditti, R., Verwilligen, P., Vitulo, P., Weber, H., Yonehara, K., Zaza, A., Agashe, K., Allanach, B. C., Asadi, P., Mahmoud, M. A., Azatov, A., Batsch, F., Bersani, A., Biagini, M. E., Black, K. M., Bogacz, S. A., Bonesini, M., Bross, A., Buttazzo, D., Caiffi, B., Calderini, G., Capdevilla, R., Castelli, L., Cesarotti, C., Chacko, Z., Chancé, A., Chen, S., Chien, Y. -T, Costa, M., Craig, N., Curtin, D., D Agnolo, R. T., Dam, M., Damerau, H., Dasu, S., Blas, J., Matteis, E., Deandrea, A., Delgado, A., Denizli, H., Dermisek, R., Di Petrillo, K. F., Dickinson, J., Everaerts, P., Everett, L., Farinon, S., Ferretti, G., Filthaut, F., Forslund, M., Franceschini, R., Gabrielli, E., Garosi, F., Giambastiani, L., Glioti, A., Gray, L., Greljo, A., Grojean, C., Gu, J., Han, C., Han, T., Henning, B., Hermanek, K., Homiller, S., Jana, S., Jia, H., Kahn, Y., Kaplan, D. M., Kilian, W., Kong, K., Koppenburg, P., Krintiras, G. K., Li, W., Li, Q., Liu, Z., Lu, Q., Ma, Y., Maltoni, F., Mantani, L., Mariotto, S., Marzocca, D., Mastrapasqua, P., Matchev, K., Mazzacane, A., Mcginnis, N., Meade, P., Mele, B., Merkel, P., Merlassino, C., Mishra, R. K., Mohammadi, A., Mohapatra, R., Montagna, P., Musenich, R., Nomura, Y., Ojalvo, I., Panci, P., Paradisi, P., Perloff, A., Piccinini, F., Pierini, M., Prioli, M., Procura, M., Raubenheimer, T., Redigolo, D., Reina, L., Reuter, J., Riva, F., Robens, T., Sala, F., Salko, J., Salvioni, E., Santiago, J., Sarra, I., Schieck, J., Selvaggi, M., Senol, A., Sharma, V., Sorbi, M., Stark, G., Statera, M., Stupak, J., Su, S., Sundrum, R., Swiatlowski, M., Torre, R., Tortora, L., Trifinopoulos, S., Valente, M., Valente, R. U., Vittorio, L., Vryonidou, E., Vuosalo, C., Wendt, M., Wu, Y., Wulzer, A., Xie, K., Yu, H. -B, Zheng, Y. J., Zurita, J., HEP, INSPIRE, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Physique Théorique - UMR CNRS 3681 (IPHT), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Hautes Energies (LPTHE), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Muon Collider
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, [PHYS.HEXP] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], hep-ex, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, muon: storage ring, High Energy Physics - Experiment, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], accelerator: technology, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, physics.ins-det, flux: background, Particle Physics - Experiment, performance
Abstract: Among the post-LHC generation of particle accelerators, the muon collider represents a unique machine with capability to provide very high energy leptonic collisions and to open the path to a vast and mostly unexplored physics programme. However, on the experimental side, such great physics potential is accompanied by unprecedented technological challenges, due to the fact that muons are unstable particles. Their decay products interact with the machine elements and produce an intense flux of background particles that eventually reach the detector and may degrade its performance. In this paper, we present technologies that have a potential to match the challenging specifications of a muon collider detector and outline a path forward for the future R&D efforts., Comment: Contribution to Snowmass 2021, 27 pages, 15 figures
Published: 2022

27. Analysis of proton bunch parameters in the AWAKE experiment

Author: Hafych, V., additional, Caldwell, A., additional, Agnello, R., additional, Ahdida, C.C., additional, Aladi, M., additional, Amoedo Goncalves, M.C., additional, Andrebe, Y., additional, Apsimon, O., additional, Apsimon, R., additional, Bachmann, A.-M., additional, Baistrukov, M.A., additional, Batsch, F., additional, Bergamaschi, M., additional, Blanchard, P., additional, Burrows, P.N., additional, Buttenschön, B., additional, Chappell, J., additional, Chevallay, E., additional, Chung, M., additional, Cooke, D.A., additional, Damerau, H., additional, Davut, C., additional, Demeter, G., additional, Dexter, A., additional, Doebert, S., additional, Farmer, J., additional, Fasoli, A., additional, Fedosseev, V.N., additional, Fiorito, R., additional, Fonseca, R.A., additional, Furno, I., additional, Gessner, S., additional, Gorn, A.A., additional, Granados, E., additional, Granetzny, M., additional, Graubner, T., additional, Grulke, O., additional, Gschwendtner, E., additional, Guran, E.D., additional, Henderson, J.R., additional, Hüther, M., additional, Kedves, M.Á., additional, Khudyakov, V., additional, Kim, S.-Y., additional, Kraus, F., additional, Krupa, M., additional, Lefevre, T., additional, Liang, L., additional, Lopes, N., additional, Lotov, K.V., additional, Mazzoni, S., additional, Medina Godoy, D., additional, Moody, J.T., additional, Moon, K., additional, Morales Guzmán, P.I., additional, Moreira, M., additional, Nechaeva, T., additional, Nowak, E., additional, Pakuza, C., additional, Panuganti, H., additional, Pardons, A., additional, Perera, A., additional, Pucek, J., additional, Pukhov, A., additional, Ráczkevi, B., additional, Ramjiawan, R.L., additional, Rey, S., additional, Schmitz, O., additional, Senes, E., additional, Silva, L.O., additional, Stollberg, C., additional, Sublet, A., additional, Topaloudis, A., additional, Torrado, N., additional, Tuev, P.V., additional, Turner, M., additional, Velotti, F., additional, Verra, L., additional, Vieira, J., additional, Vincke, H., additional, Welsch, C.P., additional, Wendt, M., additional, Wing, M., additional, Wolfenden, J., additional, Woolley, B., additional, Xia, G., additional, Zepp, M., additional, and Zevi Della Porta, G., additional
Published: 2021
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28. Transition between Instability and Seeded Self-Modulation of a Relativistic Particle Bunch in Plasma

Author: Batsch, F, Muggli, P, Agnello, R, Ahdida, CC, Amoedo Goncalves, MC, Andrebe, Y, Apsimon, O, Apsimon, R, Bachmann, A-M, Baistrukov, MA, Blanchard, P, Braunmüller, F, Burrows, PN, Buttenschön, B, Caldwell, A, Chappell, J, Chevallay, E, Chung, M, Cooke, DA, Damerau, H, Davut, C, Demeter, G, Deubner, HL, Doebert, S, Farmer, J, Fasoli, A, Fedosseev, VN, Fiorito, R, Fonseca, RA, Friebel, F, Furno, I, Garolfi, L, Gessner, S, Gorgisyan, I, Gorn, AA, Granados, E, Granetzny, M, Graubner, T, Grulke, O, Gschwendtner, E, Hafych, V, Helm, A, Henderson, JR, Hüther, M, Kargapolov, I Yu, Kim, S-Y, Kraus, F, Krupa, M, Lefevre, T, Liang, L, Liu, S, Lopes, N, Lotov, KV, Martyanov, M, Mazzoni, S, Medina Godoy, D, Minakov, VA, Moody, JT, Moon, K, Morales Guzmán, PI, Moreira, M, Nechaeva, T, Nowak, E, Pakuza, C, Panuganti, H, Pardons, A, Perera, A, Pucek, J, Pukhov, A, Ramjiawan, RL, Rey, S, Rieger, K, Schmitz, O, Senes, E, Silva, LO, Speroni, R, Spitsyn, RI, Stollberg, C, Sublet, A, Topaloudis, A, Torrado, N, Tuev, PV, Turner, M, Velotti, F, Verra, L, Verzilov, VA, Vieira, J, Vincke, H, Welsch, CP, Wendt, M, Wing, M, Wiwattananon, P, Wolfenden, J, Woolley, B, Xia, G, Zepp, M, Zevi Della Porta, G, AWAKE Collaboration, and Collaboration, AWAKE
Subjects: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), Proton, Other Fields of Physics, Phase (waves), FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Ciências Naturais::Ciências Físicas [Domínio/Área Científica], 01 natural sciences, Instability, Relativistic particle, physics.plasm-ph, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, physics.acc-ph, Physics, acceleration, Plasma, electron-beam, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Physics - Plasma Physics, ddc, Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Transverse plane, Amplitude, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics, Atomic physics, Event (particle physics)
Abstract: We use a relativistic ionization front to provide various initial transverse wakefield amplitudes for the self-modulation of a long proton bunch in plasma. We show experimentally that, with sufficient initial amplitude ($\ge(4.1\pm0.4)$ MV/m), the phase of the modulation along the bunch is reproducible from event to event, with 3 to 7% (of 2$\pi$) rms variations all along the bunch. The phase is not reproducible for lower initial amplitudes. We observe the transition between these two regimes. Phase reproducibility is essential for deterministic external injection of particles to be accelerated., Comment: Letter and Supplemental Material, 6 figures, 8 pages
Published: 2021
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29. Long-range propagation of ultrafast ionizing laser pulses in a resonant nonlinear medium

Author: Demeter, G., primary, Moody, J. T., additional, Kedves, M. Á., additional, Ráczkevi, B., additional, Aladi, M., additional, Bachmann, A.-M., additional, Batsch, F., additional, Braunmüller, F., additional, Djotyan, G. P., additional, Fedosseev, V., additional, Friebel, F., additional, Gessner, S., additional, Granados, E., additional, Guran, E., additional, Hüther, M., additional, Lee, V., additional, Martyanov, M., additional, Muggli, P., additional, Öz, E., additional, Panuganti, H., additional, Verra, L., additional, and Della Porta, G. Zevi, additional
Published: 2021
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30. Experimental study of extended timescale dynamics of a plasma wakefield driven by a self-modulated proton bunch

Author: Chappell, J., Adli, E., Agnello, R., Aladi, M., Andrebe, Y, Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Bachmann, A.-M., Baistrukov, M. A., Batsch, F., Bergamaschi, M., Della Porta, G. Z., Blanchard, P., Burrows, P. N., Buttenschön, B., Caldwell, A., Chevallay, E., Chung, M., Cooke, D. A., Damerau, H., Davut, C., Demeter, G., Deubner, L. H., Dexter, A., Djotyan, G. P., Doebert. S., Farmer, J., Fasoli, A., Fedosseev, V. N., Fiorito, R., Fonseca, R. A., Friebel, F., Furno, I., Garolfi, L., Gessner, S., Goddard, B., Gorgisyan, I., Gorn, A. A., Granados, E., Granetzny, M., Grulke, O., Gschwendtner, E., Hafych, V., Hartin, A., Helm, A, Henderson, J. R., Howling, A., Hüther, M ., Jacquier, R., Jolly, S. W., Kargapolov, I. Y., Kedves, M. Á., Keeble, F., Kelisani, M. D., Kim, S.-Y, Krausz, F., Krupa, M., Lefevre, T ., Li, Y., Liang, L., Liu, S., Lopes, N. C., Lotov, K. V., Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Medina Godoy, D., Militsyn, B. L., Minakov, V. A., Moody, J. T., Morales Guzmán, P. I., Moreira, M. T., Panuganti, H., Pardons, A., Peña Asmus, F., Perera, A., Petrenko, A., Pucek, J., Pukhov, A., Ráczkevi, B., Ramjiawan, R. L., Rey, S., Ruhl, H., Saberi, H., Schmitz, O., Senes, E., Sherwood, P., Silva, L. O., Spitsyn, R. I., Tuev, P. V., Velotti, F., Verra, L., Verzilov, V. A., Vieira, J., Welsch, C. P., Williamson, B., Wing, M., Wolfenden, J., Woolley, B., Xia, G. X., and Zepp, M.
Subjects: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Proton, Other Fields of Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Electron, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, Electron injection, Physics::Plasma Physics, physics.plasm-ph, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, physics.acc-ph, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Dynamics (mechanics), Surfaces and Interfaces, Plasma, Laser, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Physics - Plasma Physics, ddc, Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Amplitude, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics, Atomic physics, Excitation
Abstract: Plasma wakefield dynamics over timescales up to 800 ps, approximately 100 plasma periods, are studied experimentally at the Advanced Wakefield Experiment (AWAKE). The development of the longitudinal wakefield amplitude driven by a self-modulated proton bunch is measured using the external injection of witness electrons that sample the fields. In simulation, resonant excitation of the wakefield causes plasma electron trajectory crossing, resulting in the development of a potential outside the plasma boundary as electrons are transversely ejected. Trends consistent with the presence of this potential are experimentally measured and their dependence on wakefield amplitude are studied via seed laser timing scans and electron injection delay scans., 11 pages, 8 figures
Published: 2021
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31. Simulation and experimental study of proton bunch self-modulation in plasma with linear density gradients

Author: Morales Guzmán, P. I., Muggli, P., Agnello, R., Ahdida, C. C., Aladi, M., Amoedo Goncalves, M. C., Andrebe, Y., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Bachmann, A. M., Baistrukov, M. A., Batsch, F., Bergamaschi, M., Blanchard, P., Braunmüller, F., Burrows, P. N., Buttenschön, B., Caldwell, A., Chappell, J., Chevallay, E., Chung, M., Cooke, D. A., Damerau, H., Davut, C., Demeter, G., Dexter, A., Doebert, S., Farmer, J., Fasoli, A., Fedosseev, V. N., Fiorito, R., Fonseca, R. A., Furno, I., Gessner, S., Gorn, A. A., Granados, E., Granetzny, M., Graubner, T., Grulke, O., Gschwendtner, E., Guran, E. D., Hafych, V., Henderson, J. R., Hüther, M., Kedves, M., Khudyakov, V., Kim, S. Y., Kraus, F., Krupa, M., Lefevre, T., Morales Guzmán, P. I., Muggli, P., Agnello, R., Ahdida, C. C., Aladi, M., Amoedo Goncalves, M. C., Andrebe, Y., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Bachmann, A. M., Baistrukov, M. A., Batsch, F., Bergamaschi, M., Blanchard, P., Braunmüller, F., Burrows, P. N., Buttenschön, B., Caldwell, A., Chappell, J., Chevallay, E., Chung, M., Cooke, D. A., Damerau, H., Davut, C., Demeter, G., Dexter, A., Doebert, S., Farmer, J., Fasoli, A., Fedosseev, V. N., Fiorito, R., Fonseca, R. A., Furno, I., Gessner, S., Gorn, A. A., Granados, E., Granetzny, M., Graubner, T., Grulke, O., Gschwendtner, E., Guran, E. D., Hafych, V., Henderson, J. R., Hüther, M., Kedves, M., Khudyakov, V., Kim, S. Y., Kraus, F., Krupa, M., and Lefevre, T.
Abstract: We present numerical simulations and experimental results of the self-modulation of a long proton bunch in a plasma with linear density gradients along the beam path. Simulation results agree with the experimental results reported [F. Braunmller, T. Nechaeva et al. (AWAKE Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 264801 (2020)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.125.264801]: with negative gradients, the charge of the modulated bunch is lower than with positive gradients. In addition, the bunch modulation frequency varies with gradient. Simulation results show that dephasing of the wakefields with respect to the relativistic protons along the plasma is the main cause for the loss of charge. The study of the modulation frequency reveals details about the evolution of the self-modulation process along the plasma. In particular for negative gradients, the modulation frequency across time-resolved images of the bunch indicates the position along the plasma where protons leave the wakefields. Simulations and experimental results are in excellent agreement.
Published: 2021

32. Evolution of a plasma column measured through modulation of a high-energy proton beam

Author: Gessner, S., Adli, E., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Bachmann, A.-M., Batsch, F., Bracco, C., Braunmuller, F., Burger, S., Burt, G., Buttenschon, B., Caldwell, A., Chappell, J., Chevallay, E., Chung, M., Cooke, D., Damerau, H., Demeter, G., Deubner, L.H., Dexter, A., Doebert, S., Farmer, J., Fedosseev, V.N., Fiorito, R., Fonseca, R.A., Friebel, F., Garolfi, L., Goddard, B., Gorgisyan, I., Gorn, A.A., Granados, E., Grulke, O., Gschwendtner, E., Hartin, A., Helm, A., Henderson, J.R., Huther, M., Ibison, M., Jolly, S., Keeble, F., Kelisani, M.D., Khudyakov, V.K., Kim, S.-Y., Kraus, F., Krupa, M., Lefevre, T., Li, Y., Liu, S., Lopes, N., Lotov, K.V., Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Minakov, V.A., Molendijk, J.C., Moody, J.T., Moreira, M., Panuganti, H., Pardons, A., Pena Asmus, F., Perera, A., Petrenko, A., Pukhov, A., Rey, S., Ruhl, H., Saberi, H., Sherwood, P., Silva, L.O., Sosedkin, A.P., Sublet, A., Tuev, P.V., Turner, M., Velotti, F., Verra, L., Verzilov, V.A., Vieira, J., Welsch, C.P., Wendt, M., Williamson, B., Wing, M., Woolley, B., Xia, G., and Zevi Della Porta, G.
Subjects: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Physics::Plasma Physics, physics.plasm-ph, Other Fields of Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Physics - Plasma Physics, physics.acc-ph
Abstract: Plasma wakefield acceleration is a method for accelerating particle beams using electromagnetic fields that are orders of magnitude larger than those found in conventional radio frequency cavities. The core component of a plasma wakefield accelerator is the plasma source, which ranges from millimeter-scale gas jets used in laser-driven experiments, to the ten-meter-long rubidium cell used in the AWAKE experiment. The density of the neutral gas is a controlled input to the experiment, but the density of the plasma after ionization depends on many factors. AWAKE uses a high-energy proton beam to drive the plasma wakefield, and the wakefield acts back on the proton bunch by modulating it at the plasma frequency. We infer the plasma density by measuring the frequency of modulation of the proton bunch, and we measure the evolution of the density versus time by varying the arrival of the proton beam with respect to the ionizing laser pulse. Using this technique, we uncover a microsecond-long period of a stable plasma density followed by a rapid decay in density. The stability of the plasma after ionization has implications for the design of much longer vapor cells that could be used to accelerate particle beams to extremely high energies.
Published: 2020

33. Experimental study of wakefields driven by a self-modulating proton bunch in plasma

Author: Turner, M., Muggli, P., Adli, E., Agnello, R., Aladi, M., Andrebe, Y., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Bachmann, A. M., Baistrukov, M. A., Batsch, F., Bergamaschi, M., Blanchard, P., Burrows, P. N., Buttenschön, B., Caldwell, A., Chappell, J., Chevallay, E., Chung, M., Cooke, D. A., Damerau, H., Davut, C., Demeter, G., Deubner, L. H., Dexter, A., Djotyan, G. P., Doebert, S., Farmer, J., Fasoli, A., Fedosseev, V. N., Fiorito, R., Fonseca, R. A., Friebel, F., Furno, I., Garolfi, L., Gessner, S., Goddard, B., Gorgisyan, I., Gorn, A. A., Granados, E., Granetzny, M., Grulke, O., Gschwendtner, E., Hafych, V., Hartin, A., Helm, A., Henderson, J. R., Howling, A., Hüther, M., Jacquier, R., Jolly, S., Kargapolov, I. Yu, Kedves, M. A., Keeble, F., Kelisani, M. D., Kim, S. Y., Kraus, F., Krupa, Maciej, Lefevre, T., Li, Y., Liang, L., Liu, Sihang, Lopes, N., Lotov, K. V., Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Medina Godoy, D., Minakov, V. A., Moody, J. T., Morales Guzmán, P. I., Moreira, M., Panuganti, H., Pardons, A., Penã Asmus, F., Perera, A., Petrenko, A., Pucek, J., Pukhov, A., Ráczkevi, B., Ramjiawan, R. L., Rey, S., Ruhl, H., Saberi, H., Schmitz, O., Senes, E., Sherwood, P., Silva, L. O., Tuev, P. V., Velotti, F., Verra, L., Verzilov, V. A., Vieira, J., Welsch, C. P., Williamson, B., Wing, M., Wolfenden, J., Woolley, B., Xia, G., Zepp, M., Zevi Della Porta, G., Turner, M., Muggli, P., Adli, E., Agnello, R., Aladi, M., Andrebe, Y., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Bachmann, A. M., Baistrukov, M. A., Batsch, F., Bergamaschi, M., Blanchard, P., Burrows, P. N., Buttenschön, B., Caldwell, A., Chappell, J., Chevallay, E., Chung, M., Cooke, D. A., Damerau, H., Davut, C., Demeter, G., Deubner, L. H., Dexter, A., Djotyan, G. P., Doebert, S., Farmer, J., Fasoli, A., Fedosseev, V. N., Fiorito, R., Fonseca, R. A., Friebel, F., Furno, I., Garolfi, L., Gessner, S., Goddard, B., Gorgisyan, I., Gorn, A. A., Granados, E., Granetzny, M., Grulke, O., Gschwendtner, E., Hafych, V., Hartin, A., Helm, A., Henderson, J. R., Howling, A., Hüther, M., Jacquier, R., Jolly, S., Kargapolov, I. Yu, Kedves, M. A., Keeble, F., Kelisani, M. D., Kim, S. Y., Kraus, F., Krupa, Maciej, Lefevre, T., Li, Y., Liang, L., Liu, Sihang, Lopes, N., Lotov, K. V., Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Medina Godoy, D., Minakov, V. A., Moody, J. T., Morales Guzmán, P. I., Moreira, M., Panuganti, H., Pardons, A., Penã Asmus, F., Perera, A., Petrenko, A., Pucek, J., Pukhov, A., Ráczkevi, B., Ramjiawan, R. L., Rey, S., Ruhl, H., Saberi, H., Schmitz, O., Senes, E., Sherwood, P., Silva, L. O., Tuev, P. V., Velotti, F., Verra, L., Verzilov, V. A., Vieira, J., Welsch, C. P., Williamson, B., Wing, M., Wolfenden, J., Woolley, B., Xia, G., Zepp, M., and Zevi Della Porta, G.
Abstract: We study experimentally the longitudinal and transverse wakefields driven by a highly relativistic proton bunch during self-modulation in plasma. We show that the wakefields' growth and amplitude increase with increasing seed amplitude as well as with the proton bunch charge in the plasma. We study transverse wakefields using the maximum radius of the proton bunch distribution measured on a screen downstream from the plasma. We study longitudinal wakefields by externally injecting electrons and measuring their final energy. Measurements agree with trends predicted by theory and numerical simulations and validate our understanding of the development of self-modulation. Experiments were performed in the context of the Advanced Wakefield Experiment (AWAKE).
Published: 2020

34. Proton Bunch Self-Modulation in Plasma with Density Gradient

Author: Braunmüller, F., Nechaeva, T., Adli, E., Agnello, R., Aladi, M., Andrebe, Y., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Bachmann, A. M., Baistrukov, M. A., Batsch, F., Bergamaschi, M., Blanchard, P., Burrows, P. N., Buttenschön, B., Caldwell, A., Chappell, J., Chevallay, E., Chung, M., Cooke, D. A., Damerau, H., Davut, C., Demeter, G., Deubner, L. H., Dexter, A., Djotyan, G. P., Doebert, S., Farmer, J., Fasoli, A., Fedosseev, V. N., Fiorito, R., Fonseca, R. A., Friebel, F., Furno, I., Garolfi, L., Gessner, S., Goddard, B., Gorgisyan, I., Gorn, A. A., Granados, E., Granetzny, M., Grulke, O., Gschwendtner, E., Hafych, V., Hartin, A., Helm, A., Henderson, J. R., Howling, A., Hüther, M., Jacquier, R., Jolly, S., Kargapolov, I. Yu, Kedves, M., Keeble, F., Kelisani, M. D., Kim, S. Y., Kraus, F., Krupa, M., Lefevre, T., Li, Y., Liang, L., Liu, S., Lopes, N., Lotov, K. V., Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Medina Godoy, D., Minakov, V. A., Moody, J. T., Morales Guzmán, P. I., Moreira, M., Muggli, P., Panuganti, H., Pardons, A., Peña Asmus, F., Perera, A., Petrenko, A., Pucek, J., Pukhov, A., Ráczkevi, B., Ramjiawan, R. L., Rey, S., Ruhl, H., Saberi, H., Schmitz, O., Senes, E., Sherwood, P., Silva, L. O., Spitsyn, R. I., Tuev, P. V., Turner, M., Velotti, F., Verra, L., Verzilov, V. A., Vieira, J., Welsch, C. P., Williamson, B., Wing, M., Wolfenden, J., Woolley, B., Xia, G., Zepp, M., Zevi Della Porta, G., Braunmüller, F., Nechaeva, T., Adli, E., Agnello, R., Aladi, M., Andrebe, Y., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Bachmann, A. M., Baistrukov, M. A., Batsch, F., Bergamaschi, M., Blanchard, P., Burrows, P. N., Buttenschön, B., Caldwell, A., Chappell, J., Chevallay, E., Chung, M., Cooke, D. A., Damerau, H., Davut, C., Demeter, G., Deubner, L. H., Dexter, A., Djotyan, G. P., Doebert, S., Farmer, J., Fasoli, A., Fedosseev, V. N., Fiorito, R., Fonseca, R. A., Friebel, F., Furno, I., Garolfi, L., Gessner, S., Goddard, B., Gorgisyan, I., Gorn, A. A., Granados, E., Granetzny, M., Grulke, O., Gschwendtner, E., Hafych, V., Hartin, A., Helm, A., Henderson, J. R., Howling, A., Hüther, M., Jacquier, R., Jolly, S., Kargapolov, I. Yu, Kedves, M., Keeble, F., Kelisani, M. D., Kim, S. Y., Kraus, F., Krupa, M., Lefevre, T., Li, Y., Liang, L., Liu, S., Lopes, N., Lotov, K. V., Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Medina Godoy, D., Minakov, V. A., Moody, J. T., Morales Guzmán, P. I., Moreira, M., Muggli, P., Panuganti, H., Pardons, A., Peña Asmus, F., Perera, A., Petrenko, A., Pucek, J., Pukhov, A., Ráczkevi, B., Ramjiawan, R. L., Rey, S., Ruhl, H., Saberi, H., Schmitz, O., Senes, E., Sherwood, P., Silva, L. O., Spitsyn, R. I., Tuev, P. V., Turner, M., Velotti, F., Verra, L., Verzilov, V. A., Vieira, J., Welsch, C. P., Williamson, B., Wing, M., Wolfenden, J., Woolley, B., Xia, G., Zepp, M., and Zevi Della Porta, G.
Abstract: We study experimentally the effect of linear plasma density gradients on the self-modulation of a 400 GeV proton bunch. Results show that a positive or negative gradient increases or decreases the number of microbunches and the relative charge per microbunch observed after 10 m of plasma. The measured modulation frequency also increases or decreases. With the largest positive gradient we observe two frequencies in the modulation power spectrum. Results are consistent with changes in wakefields' phase velocity due to plasma density gradients adding to the slow wakefields' phase velocity during self-modulation growth predicted by linear theory.
Published: 2020

35. Proton beam defocusing in AWAKE: comparison of simulations and measurements

Author: Gorn, A A, primary, Turner, M, additional, Adli, E, additional, Agnello, R, additional, Aladi, M, additional, Andrebe, Y, additional, Apsimon, O, additional, Apsimon, R, additional, Bachmann, A-M, additional, Baistrukov, M A, additional, Batsch, F, additional, Bergamaschi, M, additional, Blanchard, P, additional, Burrows, P N, additional, Buttenschön, B, additional, Caldwell, A, additional, Chappell, J, additional, Chevallay, E, additional, Chung, M, additional, Cooke, D A, additional, Damerau, H, additional, Davut, C, additional, Demeter, G, additional, Deubner, L H, additional, Dexter, A, additional, Djotyan, G P, additional, Doebert, S, additional, Farmer, J, additional, Fasoli, A, additional, Fedosseev, V N, additional, Fiorito, R, additional, Fonseca, R A, additional, Friebel, F, additional, Furno, I, additional, Garolfi, L, additional, Gessner, S, additional, Goddard, B, additional, Gorgisyan, I, additional, Granados, E, additional, Granetzny, M, additional, Grulke, O, additional, Gschwendtner, E, additional, Hafych, V, additional, Hartin, A, additional, Helm, A, additional, Henderson, J R, additional, Howling, A, additional, Hüther, M, additional, Jacquier, R, additional, Kargapolov, I Yu, additional, Kedves, M Á, additional, Keeble, F, additional, Kelisani, M D, additional, Kim, S-Y, additional, Kraus, F, additional, Krupa, M, additional, Lefevre, T, additional, Liang, L, additional, Liu, S, additional, Lopes, N, additional, Lotov, K V, additional, Martyanov, M, additional, Mazzoni, S, additional, Medina Godoy, D, additional, Minakov, V A, additional, Moody, J T, additional, Morales Guzmán, P I, additional, Moreira, M, additional, Nechaeva, T, additional, Panuganti, H, additional, Pardons, A, additional, Peña Asmus, F, additional, Perera, A, additional, Petrenko, A, additional, Pucek, J, additional, Pukhov, A, additional, Ráczkevi, B, additional, Ramjiawan, R L, additional, Rey, S, additional, Ruhl, H, additional, Saberi, H, additional, Schmitz, O, additional, Senes, E, additional, Sherwood, P, additional, Silva, L O, additional, Spitsyn, R I, additional, Tuev, P V, additional, Velotti, F, additional, Verra, L, additional, Verzilov, V A, additional, Vieira, J, additional, Welsch, C P, additional, Williamson, B, additional, Wing, M, additional, Wolfenden, J, additional, Woolley, B, additional, Xia, G, additional, Zepp, M, additional, and Zevi Della Porta, G, additional
Published: 2020
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36. Correction to 'Proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration in AWAKE' (vol 377, 20180418, 2019)

Author: Gschwendtner, E., Turner, M., Adli, E., Ahuja, A., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Bachmann, A.-M., Batsch, F., Bracco, C., Braunmüller, F., Burger, S., Burt, G., Buttenschön, B., Caldwell, A., Chappell, J., Chevallay, E., Chung, M., Cooke, D., Damerau, H., Deubner, L. H., Dexter, A., Doebert, S., Farmer, J., Fedosseev, V. N., Fiorito, R., Fonseca, R. A., Garolfi, L., Gessner, S., Goddard, B., Gorgisyan, I., Gorn, A. A., Granados, E., Grulke, O., Hartin, A., Helm, A, Henderson, J. R., Hüther, M., Ibison, M., Jolly, S., Keeble, F., Kelisani, M. D., Kim, S.-Y., Krausz, F., Krupa, M., Lefevre, T., Liu, S., Lopes, N., Lotov, K., Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Minakov, V., Molendijk, J. C., Moody, J. T., Moreira, M. T., Muggli, P., Panuganti, H., Pardons, A., Peña Asmus, F., Perera, A., Petrenko, A., Pukhov, A., Rey, S., Ruhl, H., Saberi, H., Sublet, A., Sherwood, P., Silva, L. O., Sosedkin, A. P., Tuev, P. V., Velotti, F., Verra, L., Verzilov, V. A., Vieira, J., Welsch, C. P., Wendt, M., Williamson, B., Wing, M., Woolley, B., Xia, G., and AWAKE Collaboration Team
Subjects: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), AWAKE Collaboration, Proton, General Science & Technology, General Mathematics, Engenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia Civil [Domínio/Área Científica], FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Electron, plasma wakefield acceleration, Ciências Naturais::Ciências Físicas [Domínio/Área Científica], 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Nuclear physics, Ciências Naturais::Matemáticas [Domínio/Área Científica], Physics::Plasma Physics, AWAKE, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, physics.acc-ph, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, General Engineering, Plasma, Plasma acceleration, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Ciências Naturais::Outras Ciências Naturais [Domínio/Área Científica], seeded self modulation, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract: In this article, we briefly summarize the experiments performed during the first run of the Advanced Wakefield Experiment, AWAKE, at CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research). The final goal of AWAKE Run 1 (2013–2018) was to demonstrate that 10– 20 MeV electrons can be accelerated to GeV energies in a plasma wakefield driven by a highly relativistic self-modulated proton bunch. We describe the experiment, outline the measurement concept and present first results. Last, we outline our plans for the future. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Directions in particle beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration'. In this article, we briefly summarize the experiments performed during the first Run of the Advanced Wakefield Experiment, AWAKE, at CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research). The final goal of AWAKE Run 1 (2013 - 2018) was to demonstrate that 10-20 MeV electrons can be accelerated to GeV-energies in a plasma wakefield driven by a highly-relativistic self-modulated proton bunch. We describe the experiment, outline the measurement concept and present first results. Last, we outline our plans for the future.
Published: 2019
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37. Experimental Observation of Proton Bunch Modulation in a Plasma at Varying Plasma Densities

Author: Adli, E., Ahuja, A., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Bachmann, A.-M., Barrientos, D., Barros, M.M., Batkiewicz, J., Batsch, F., Bauche, J., Berglyd Olsen, V.K., Bernardini, M., Biskup, B., Boccardi, A., Bogey, T., Bohl, T., Bracco, C., Braunmüller, F., Burger, S., Burt, G., Bustamante, S., Buttenschön, B., Caldwell, A., Cascella, M., Chappell, J., Chevallay, E., Chung, M., Cooke, D., Damerau, H., Deacon, L., Deubner, L.H., Dexter, A., Doebert, S., Farmer, J., Fedosseev, V.N., Fior, G., Fiorito, R., Fonseca, R.A., Friebel, F., Garolfi, L., Gessner, S., Gorgisyan, I., Gorn, A.A., Granados, E., Grulke, O., Gschwendtner, E., Guerrero, A., Hansen, J., Helm, A., Henderson, J.R., Hessler, C., Hofle, W., Hüther, M., Ibison, M., Jensen, L., Jolly, S., Keeble, F., Kim, S.-Y., Kraus, F., Lefevre, T., Legodec, G., Li, Y., Liu, S., Lopes, N., Lotov, K.V., Maricalva Brun, L., Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Medina Godoy, D., Minakov, V.A., Mitchell, J., Molendijk, J.C., Mompo, R., Moody, J.T., Moreira, M., Muggli, P., Mutin, C., Öz, E., Ozturk, E., Pasquino, C., Pardons, A., Peña Asmus, F., Pepitone, K., Perera, A., Petrenko, A., Pitman, S., Plyushchev, G., Pukhov, A., Rey, S., Rieger, K., Ruhl, H., Schmidt, J.S., Shalimova, I.A., Shaposhnikova, E., Sherwood, P., Silva, L.O., Soby, L., Sosedkin, A.P., Speroni, R., Spitsyn, R.I., Tuev, P.V., Turner, M., Velotti, F., Verra, L., Verzilov, V.A., Vieira, J., Vincke, H., Welsch, C.P., Williamson, B., Wing, M., Woolley, B., Xia, G., Adli, E., Ahuja, A., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Bachmann, A.-M., Barrientos, D., Barros, M.M., Batkiewicz, J., Batsch, F., Bauche, J., Berglyd Olsen, V.K., Bernardini, M., Biskup, B., Boccardi, A., Bogey, T., Bohl, T., Bracco, C., Braunmüller, F., Burger, S., Burt, G., Bustamante, S., Buttenschön, B., Caldwell, A., Cascella, M., Chappell, J., Chevallay, E., Chung, M., Cooke, D., Damerau, H., Deacon, L., Deubner, L.H., Dexter, A., Doebert, S., Farmer, J., Fedosseev, V.N., Fior, G., Fiorito, R., Fonseca, R.A., Friebel, F., Garolfi, L., Gessner, S., Gorgisyan, I., Gorn, A.A., Granados, E., Grulke, O., Gschwendtner, E., Guerrero, A., Hansen, J., Helm, A., Henderson, J.R., Hessler, C., Hofle, W., Hüther, M., Ibison, M., Jensen, L., Jolly, S., Keeble, F., Kim, S.-Y., Kraus, F., Lefevre, T., Legodec, G., Li, Y., Liu, S., Lopes, N., Lotov, K.V., Maricalva Brun, L., Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Medina Godoy, D., Minakov, V.A., Mitchell, J., Molendijk, J.C., Mompo, R., Moody, J.T., Moreira, M., Muggli, P., Mutin, C., Öz, E., Ozturk, E., Pasquino, C., Pardons, A., Peña Asmus, F., Pepitone, K., Perera, A., Petrenko, A., Pitman, S., Plyushchev, G., Pukhov, A., Rey, S., Rieger, K., Ruhl, H., Schmidt, J.S., Shalimova, I.A., Shaposhnikova, E., Sherwood, P., Silva, L.O., Soby, L., Sosedkin, A.P., Speroni, R., Spitsyn, R.I., Tuev, P.V., Turner, M., Velotti, F., Verra, L., Verzilov, V.A., Vieira, J., Vincke, H., Welsch, C.P., Williamson, B., Wing, M., Woolley, B., and Xia, G.
Abstract: We give direct experimental evidence for the observation of the full transverse self-modulation of a long, relativistic proton bunch propagating through a dense plasma. The bunch exits the plasma with a periodic density modulation resulting from radial wakefield effects. We show that the modulation is seeded by a relativistic ionization front created using an intense laser pulse copropagating with the proton bunch. The modulation extends over the length of the proton bunch following the seed point. By varying the plasma density over one order of magnitude, we show that the modulation frequency scales with the expected dependence on the plasma density, i.e., it is equal to the plasma frequency, as expected from theory. © 2019 authors. Published by the American Physical Society.
Published: 2019

38. Experimental Observation of Plasma Wakefield Growth Driven by the Seeded Self-Modulation of a Proton Bunch

Author: Turner, M., Adli, E., Ahuja, A., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Bachmann, A. M., Barros Marin, M., Barrientos, D., Batsch, F., Batkiewicz, J., Bauche, J., Berglyd Olsen, V. K., Bernardini, M., Biskup, B., Boccardi, A., Bogey, T., Bohl, T., Bracco, C., Braunmüller, F., Burger, S., Burt, G., Bustamante, S., Buttenschön, B., Caldwell, A., Cascella, M., Chappell, J., Chevallay, E., Chung, M., Cooke, D., Damerau, H., Deacon, L., Deubner, L. H., Dexter, A., Doebert, S., Farmer, J., Fedosseev, V. N., Fior, G., Fiorito, R., Fonseca, R. A., Friebel, F., Garolfi, L., Gessner, S., Gorgisyan, I., Gorn, A. A., Granados, E., Grulke, Olaf, Gschwendtner, E., Guerrero, A., Hansen, J., Helm, A., Henderson, J. R., Hessler, C., Hofle, W., Hüther, M., Ibison, M., Jensen, L., Jolly, S., Keeble, F., Kim, S. Y., Kraus, F., Lefevre, T., Legodec, G., Li, Y., Liu, Sihang, Lopes, N., Lotov, K. V., Maricalva Brun, L., Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Medina Godoy, D., Minakov, V. A., Mitchell, J., Molendijk, J. C., Mompo, R., Moody, J. T., Moreira, M., Muggli, P., Öz, E., Ozturk, E., Mutin, C., Pasquino, C., Pardons, A., Peña Asmus, F., Pepitone, K., Perera, A., Petrenko, A., Pitman, S., Plyushchev, G., Pukhov, A., Rey, S., Rieger, K., Ruhl, H., Schmidt, J. S., Shalimova, I. A., Shaposhnikova, E., Sherwood, P., Silva, L. O., Soby, L., Sosedkin, A. P., Speroni, R., Spitsyn, R. I., Tuev, P. V., Velotti, F., Verra, L., Verzilov, V. A., Vieira, J., Vincke, H., Welsch, C. P., Williamson, B., Wing, M., Woolley, B., Xia, G., Turner, M., Adli, E., Ahuja, A., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Bachmann, A. M., Barros Marin, M., Barrientos, D., Batsch, F., Batkiewicz, J., Bauche, J., Berglyd Olsen, V. K., Bernardini, M., Biskup, B., Boccardi, A., Bogey, T., Bohl, T., Bracco, C., Braunmüller, F., Burger, S., Burt, G., Bustamante, S., Buttenschön, B., Caldwell, A., Cascella, M., Chappell, J., Chevallay, E., Chung, M., Cooke, D., Damerau, H., Deacon, L., Deubner, L. H., Dexter, A., Doebert, S., Farmer, J., Fedosseev, V. N., Fior, G., Fiorito, R., Fonseca, R. A., Friebel, F., Garolfi, L., Gessner, S., Gorgisyan, I., Gorn, A. A., Granados, E., Grulke, Olaf, Gschwendtner, E., Guerrero, A., Hansen, J., Helm, A., Henderson, J. R., Hessler, C., Hofle, W., Hüther, M., Ibison, M., Jensen, L., Jolly, S., Keeble, F., Kim, S. Y., Kraus, F., Lefevre, T., Legodec, G., Li, Y., Liu, Sihang, Lopes, N., Lotov, K. V., Maricalva Brun, L., Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Medina Godoy, D., Minakov, V. A., Mitchell, J., Molendijk, J. C., Mompo, R., Moody, J. T., Moreira, M., Muggli, P., Öz, E., Ozturk, E., Mutin, C., Pasquino, C., Pardons, A., Peña Asmus, F., Pepitone, K., Perera, A., Petrenko, A., Pitman, S., Plyushchev, G., Pukhov, A., Rey, S., Rieger, K., Ruhl, H., Schmidt, J. S., Shalimova, I. A., Shaposhnikova, E., Sherwood, P., Silva, L. O., Soby, L., Sosedkin, A. P., Speroni, R., Spitsyn, R. I., Tuev, P. V., Velotti, F., Verra, L., Verzilov, V. A., Vieira, J., Vincke, H., Welsch, C. P., Williamson, B., Wing, M., Woolley, B., and Xia, G.
Abstract: We measure the effects of transverse wakefields driven by a relativistic proton bunch in plasma with densities of 2.1×1014 and 7.7×1014 electrons/cm3. We show that these wakefields periodically defocus the proton bunch itself, consistently with the development of the seeded self-modulation process. We show that the defocusing increases both along the bunch and along the plasma by using time resolved and time-integrated measurements of the proton bunch transverse distribution. We evaluate the transverse wakefield amplitudes and show that they exceed their seed value (< 15 MV=m) and reach over 300 MV=m. All these results confirm the development of the seeded self-modulation process, a necessary condition for external injection of low energy and acceleration of electrons to multi-GeV energy levels.
Published: 2019

39. Proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration in AWAKE

Author: Gschwendtner, E., Turner, M., Adli, E., Ahuja, A., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Bachmann, A. M., Batsch, F., Bracco, C., Braunmüller, F., Burger, S., Burt, G., Buttenschön, B., Caldwell, A., Chappell, J., Chevallay, E., Chung, M., Cooke, D., Damerau, H., Deubner, L. H., Dexter, A., Doebert, S., Farmer, J., Fedosseev, V. N., Fiorito, R., Fonseca1, R. A., Friebel, F., Garolfi, L., Gessner, S., Goddard, B., Gorgisyan, I., Gorn, A. A., Granados, E., Grulke, O., Hartin, A., Helm, A., Henderson, J. R., Hüther, M., Ibison, M., Jolly, S., Keeble, F., Kelisani, M. D., Kim, S. Y., Kraus, F., Krupa, M., Lefevre, T., Li, Y., Liu, S., Lopes, N., Lotov, K. V., Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Minakov, V. A., Molendijk, J. C., Moody, J. T., Moreira, M., Muggli, P., Panuganti, H., Pardons, A., Asmus, F. Peña, Perera, A., Petrenko, A., Pukhov, A., Rey, S., Sherwood, P., Silva, L. O., Sosedkin, A. P., Tuev, P. V., Velotti, F., Verra, L., Verzilov, V. A., Vieira, J., Welsch, C. P., Wendt, M., Williamson, B., Wing, M., Woolley, B., Xia, G., Gschwendtner, E., Turner, M., Adli, E., Ahuja, A., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Bachmann, A. M., Batsch, F., Bracco, C., Braunmüller, F., Burger, S., Burt, G., Buttenschön, B., Caldwell, A., Chappell, J., Chevallay, E., Chung, M., Cooke, D., Damerau, H., Deubner, L. H., Dexter, A., Doebert, S., Farmer, J., Fedosseev, V. N., Fiorito, R., Fonseca1, R. A., Friebel, F., Garolfi, L., Gessner, S., Goddard, B., Gorgisyan, I., Gorn, A. A., Granados, E., Grulke, O., Hartin, A., Helm, A., Henderson, J. R., Hüther, M., Ibison, M., Jolly, S., Keeble, F., Kelisani, M. D., Kim, S. Y., Kraus, F., Krupa, M., Lefevre, T., Li, Y., Liu, S., Lopes, N., Lotov, K. V., Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Minakov, V. A., Molendijk, J. C., Moody, J. T., Moreira, M., Muggli, P., Panuganti, H., Pardons, A., Asmus, F. Peña, Perera, A., Petrenko, A., Pukhov, A., Rey, S., Sherwood, P., Silva, L. O., Sosedkin, A. P., Tuev, P. V., Velotti, F., Verra, L., Verzilov, V. A., Vieira, J., Welsch, C. P., Wendt, M., Williamson, B., Wing, M., Woolley, B., and Xia, G.
Abstract: In this article, we briefly summarize the experiments performed during the first run of the Advanced Wakefield Experiment, AWAKE, at CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research). The final goal of AWAKE Run 1 (2013-2018) was to demonstrate that 10- 20MeV electrons can be accelerated to GeV energies in a plasma wakefield driven by a highly relativistic self-modulated proton bunch. We describe the experiment, outline the measurement concept and present first results. Last, we outline our plans for the future.
Published: 2019

40. Letter

Author: The AWAKE Collaboration, Adli, E., Ahuja, A., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Bachmann, A. -M., Barrientos, D., Batsch, F., Bauche, J., Olsen, V. K. Berglyd, Bernardini, M., Bohl, T., Bracco, C., Braunmueller, F., Burt, G., Buttenschoen, B., Caldwell, A., Cascella, M., Chappell, J., Chevallay, E., Chung, M., Cooke, D., Damerau, H., Deacon, L., Deubner, L. H., Dexter, A., Doebert, S., Farmer, J., Fedosseev, V. N., Fiorito, R., Fonseca, R. A., Friebel, F., Garolfi, L., Gessner, S., Gorgisyan, I., Gorn, A. A., Granados, E., Grulke, O., Gschwendtner, E., Hansen, J., Helm, A., Henderson, J. R., Huether, M., Ibison, M., Jensen, L., Jolly, S., Keeble, F., Kim, S. -Y., Kraus, F., Li, Y., Liu, S., Lopes, N., Lotov, K. V., Brun, L. Maricalva, Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Godoy, D. Medina, Minakov, V. A., Mitchell, J., Molendijk, J. C., Moody, J. T., Moreira, M., Muggli, P., Oez, E., Pasquino, C., Pardons, A., Asmus, F. Pena, Pepitone, K., Perera, A., Petrenko, A., Pitman, S., Pukhov, A., Rey, S., Rieger, K., Ruhl, H., Schmidt, J. S., Shalimova, I. A., Sherwood, P., Silva, L. O., Soby, L., Sosedkin, A. P., Speroni, R., Spitsyn, R. I., Tuev, P. V., Turner, M., Velotti, F., Verra, L., Verzilov, V. A., Vieira, J., Welsch, C. P., Williamson, B., Wing, M., Woolley, B., and Xia, G.
Subjects: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), Letter, High energy particle, Proton, General Science & Technology, FOS: Physical sciences, Electron, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Acceleration, Affordable and Clean Energy, Physics::Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, physics.acc-ph, Physics, Multidisciplinary, Large Hadron Collider, Plasma, Plasma acceleration, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Physics - Plasma Physics, Ciências Naturais::Outras Ciências Naturais [Domínio/Área Científica], Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Bunches, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics, Experimental particle physics, Plasma-based accelerators
Abstract: High-energy particle accelerators have been crucial in providing a deeper understanding of fundamental particles and the forces that govern their interactions. To increase the energy of the particles or to reduce the size of the accelerator, new acceleration schemes need to be developed. Plasma wakefield acceleration1–5, in which the electrons in a plasma are excited, leading to strong electric fields (so called ‘wakefields’), is one such promising acceleration technique. Experiments have shown that an intense laser pulse6–9 or electron bunch10,11 traversing a plasma can drive electric fields of tens of gigavolts per metre and above—well beyond those achieved in conventional radio-frequency accelerators (about 0.1 gigavolt per metre). However, the low stored energy of laser pulses and electron bunches means that multiple acceleration stages are needed to reach very high particle energies5,12. The use of proton bunches is compelling because they have the potential to drive wakefields and to accelerate electrons to high energy in a single acceleration stage13. Long, thin proton bunches can be used because they undergo a process called self-modulation14–16, a particle–plasma interaction that splits the bunch longitudinally into a series of high-density microbunches, which then act resonantly to create large wakefields. The Advanced Wakefield (AWAKE) experiment at CERN17–19 uses high-intensity proton bunches—in which each proton has an energy of 400 gigaelectronvolts, resulting in a total bunch energy of 19 kilojoules—to drive a wakefield in a ten-metre-long plasma. Electron bunches are then injected into this wakefield. Here we present measurements of electrons accelerated up to two gigaelectronvolts at the AWAKE experiment, in a demonstration of proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration. Measurements were conducted under various plasma conditions and the acceleration was found to be consistent and reliable. The potential for this scheme to produce very high-energy electron bunches in a single accelerating stage20 means that our results are an important step towards the development of future high-energy particle accelerators21,22., Electron acceleration to very high energies is achieved in a single step by injecting electrons into a ‘wake’ of charge created in a 10-metre-long plasma by speeding long proton bunches.
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

41. Acceleration of electrons in the plasma wakefield of a proton bunch

Author: Adli, E., Ahuja, A., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Bachmann, A. -M., Barrientos, D., Batsch, F., Bauche, J., Olsen, V. K. Berglyd, Bernardini, M., Bohl, T., Bracco, C., Braunmueller, F., Burt, G., Buttenschoen, B., Caldwell, A., Cascella, M., Chappell, J., Chevallay, E., Chung, M., Cooke, David, Damerau, H., Deacon, L., Deubner, L. H., Dexter, A., Doebert, S., Farmer, J., Fedosseev, V. N., Fiorito, R., Fonseca, R. A., Friebel, F., Garolfi, L., Gessner, S., Gorgisyan, I., Gorn, A. A., Granados, E., Grulke, O., Gschwendtner, E., Hansen, J., Helm, A., Henderson, J. R., Huether, M., Ibison, M., Jensen, L., Jolly, S., Keeble, F., Kim, S. -Y., Kraus, F., Li, Y., Liu, S., Lopes, N., Lotov, K. V., Brun, L. Maricalva, Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Godoy, D. Medina, Minakov, V. A., Mitchell, J., Molendijk, J. C., Moody, J. T., Moreira, M., Muggli, P., Oez, E., Pasquino, C., Pardons, A., Asmus, F. Pena, Pepitone, K., Perera, A., Petrenko, A., Pitman, S., Pukhov, A., Rey, S., Rieger, K., Ruhl, H., Schmidt, J. S., Shalimova, I. A., Sherwood, P., Silva, L. O., Soby, L., Sosedkin, A. P., Speroni, R., Spitsyn, R. I., Tuev, P. V., Turner, M., Velotti, F., Verra, L., Verzilov, V. A., Vieira, J., Welsch, C. P., Williamson, B., Wing, M., Woolley, B., Xia, G., Adli, E., Ahuja, A., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Bachmann, A. -M., Barrientos, D., Batsch, F., Bauche, J., Olsen, V. K. Berglyd, Bernardini, M., Bohl, T., Bracco, C., Braunmueller, F., Burt, G., Buttenschoen, B., Caldwell, A., Cascella, M., Chappell, J., Chevallay, E., Chung, M., Cooke, David, Damerau, H., Deacon, L., Deubner, L. H., Dexter, A., Doebert, S., Farmer, J., Fedosseev, V. N., Fiorito, R., Fonseca, R. A., Friebel, F., Garolfi, L., Gessner, S., Gorgisyan, I., Gorn, A. A., Granados, E., Grulke, O., Gschwendtner, E., Hansen, J., Helm, A., Henderson, J. R., Huether, M., Ibison, M., Jensen, L., Jolly, S., Keeble, F., Kim, S. -Y., Kraus, F., Li, Y., Liu, S., Lopes, N., Lotov, K. V., Brun, L. Maricalva, Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Godoy, D. Medina, Minakov, V. A., Mitchell, J., Molendijk, J. C., Moody, J. T., Moreira, M., Muggli, P., Oez, E., Pasquino, C., Pardons, A., Asmus, F. Pena, Pepitone, K., Perera, A., Petrenko, A., Pitman, S., Pukhov, A., Rey, S., Rieger, K., Ruhl, H., Schmidt, J. S., Shalimova, I. A., Sherwood, P., Silva, L. O., Soby, L., Sosedkin, A. P., Speroni, R., Spitsyn, R. I., Tuev, P. V., Turner, M., Velotti, F., Verra, L., Verzilov, V. A., Vieira, J., Welsch, C. P., Williamson, B., Wing, M., Woolley, B., and Xia, G.
Abstract: High-energy particle accelerators have been crucial in providing a deeper understanding of fundamental particles and the forces that govern their interactions. To increase the energy of the particles or to reduce the size of the accelerator, new acceleration schemes need to be developed. Plasma wakefield acceleration(1-5), in which the electrons in a plasma are excited, leading to strong electric fields (so called 'wakefields'), is one such promising acceleration technique. Experiments have shown that an intense laser pulse(6-9) or electron bunch(10,11) traversing a plasma can drive electric fields of tens of gigavolts per metre and above-well beyond those achieved in conventional radio-frequency accelerators (about 0.1 gigavolt per metre). However, the low stored energy of laser pulses and electron bunches means that multiple acceleration stages are needed to reach very high particle energies(5,12). The use of proton bunches is compelling because they have the potential to drive wakefields and to accelerate electrons to high energy in a single acceleration stage(13). Long, thin proton bunches can be used because they undergo a process called self-modulation(14-16), a particle-plasma interaction that splits the bunch longitudinally into a series of high-density microbunches, which then act resonantly to create large wakefields. The Advanced Wakefield (AWAKE) experiment at CERN17-19 uses high-intensity proton bunches-in which each proton has an energy of 400 gigaelectronvolts, resulting in a total bunch energy of 19 kilojoules-to drive a wakefield in a ten-metrelong plasma. Electron bunches are then injected into this wakefield. Here we present measurements of electrons accelerated up to two gigaelectronvolts at the AWAKE experiment, in a demonstration of proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration. Measurements were conducted under various plasma conditions and the acceleration was found to be consistent and reliable. The potential for this scheme to produce very hi
Published: 2018

42. Path to AWAKE: Evolution of the concept

Author: Machacek, Joshua, Grulke, O., Caldwell, A., Adli, E., Amorim, L., Apsimon, R., Argyropoulos, T., Assmann, R., Bachmann, A.-M., Batsch, F., Machacek, Joshua, Grulke, O., Caldwell, A., Adli, E., Amorim, L., Apsimon, R., Argyropoulos, T., Assmann, R., Bachmann, A.-M., and Batsch, F.
Published: 2016

43. A novel plasma source for plasma wakefield accelerators

Author: Oz, E., primary, Moody, J., additional, Batsch, F., additional, and Muggli, P., additional
Published: 2015
Full Text: View/download PDF

44. Slit feeds reduce unbalanced torques in gas-lubricated bearings

Author: Batsch, F. F and Laub, J. H
Subjects: Mechanics
Abstract: Gas-lubricated journal bearing with narrow radial slits forming circular gas-feed passages regulates gas flow in precision instruments. Asymmetrical flow pattern and unbalanced torques are prevented.
Published: 1965

45. Attitude control for spacecraft Patent

Author: Batsch, F. F, Laub, J. H, and Mitchell, F. R
Subjects: Navigation
Abstract: Attitude control device for space vehicles
Published: 1965

46. Elastic orifice automatically regulates gas bearings

Author: Batsch, F and Laub, J. L
Subjects: Mechanics
Abstract: Elastic, pressure-sensitive orifice is used to automatically regulate the rate of gas flow into bearings under varying loads. Formed of a molded elastomer, theses orifices increase the stability of gas bearings.
Published: 1964

47. Slit regulated gas journal bearing Patent

Author: Batsch, F. F and Laub, J. H
Subjects: Machine Elements And Processes
Abstract: Slit regulated gas journal bearing
Published: 1964

48. Simulated Detector Performance at the Muon Collider

Author: Bartosik, N., Krizka, K., Pagan Griso, S., Aimè, C., Apyan, A., Agashe, K., Allanach, B. C., Andreetto, P., Asadi, P., Mahmoud, Mohammed Attia, Bertolin, A., Braghieri, A., Buonincontri, L., Calzaferri, S., Casarsa, M., Azatov, A., Barzi, E., Batsch, F., Berryhill, J., Bersani, A., Black, K. M., Bonesini, M., Bross, A., Buttazzo, D., Caiffi, B., Calderini, G., Capdevilla, R., Castelli, Luca, Catanesi, M. G., Celiberto, Francesco Giovanni, Cerri, A., Chachamis, G., Colaleo, A., Curatolo, C., Da Molin, G., Dasu, S., Desinov, Dmitri, Denizli, H., Di Micco, B., Dorigo, T., Errico, F., Ferrari, Anna, Fiorina, D., Giambastiani, L., Gianelle, A., Giraldin, C., Herndon, M., Holmes, T. R., Jindariani, S., Krintiras, G. K., Lee, L., Li, Q., Lipton, Ronald, Lomte, S., Long, K. R., Lucchesi, D., Mastrapasqua, P., Meloni, F., Montella, A., Nardi, F., Pastrone, N., Pellecchia, A., Potamianos, K., Radicioni, E., Radogna, R., Riccardi, C., Ristori, L., Salvini, P., Cesarotti, C., Chacko, Z., Chancé, A., Chen, S., Chien, Y. -T, Costa, M., Craig, N., Curtin, D., D Agnolo, R. T., Dam, M., Damerau, H., Blas, J., Matteis, E., Deandrea, A., Delahaye, J., Delgado, A., Dermisek, R., Di Petrillo, K. F., Dickinson, J., Everaerts, P., Everett, L., Farinon, S., Ferretti, G., Filthaut, F., Forslund, M., Franceschini, R., Gabrielli, E., Garosi, F., Glioti, A., Gray, L., Greljo, A., Grojean, C., Gu, J., Han, C., Han, T., Hauptman, J., Henning, B., Hermanek, K., Homiller, S., Jana, S., Jia, H., Kahn, Y., Kaplan, D. M., Kilian, W., Kong, K., Koppenburg, P., Li, W., Liu, Z., Lu, Q., Ma, Y., Maltoni, F., Mantani, L., Mariotto, S., Marzocca, D., Matchev, K., Mazzacane, A., Mcginnis, N., Meade, P., Mele, B., Merkel, P., Merlassino, C., Mishra, R. K., Mohammadi, A., Mohapatra, R., Mokhov, N., Montagna, P., Musenich, R., Neuffer, D., Nomura, Y., Ojalvo, I., Panci, P., Paradisi, P., Perloff, A., Piccinini, F., Pierini, M., Prioli, M., Procura, M., Redigolo, D., Reina, L., Reuter, J., Riva, F., Robens, T., Rossi, L., Sala, F., Salko, J., Salvioni, E., Santiago, J., Sarra, I., Schulte, D., Senol, A., Sestini, L., Simone, F. M., Simoniello, R., Stamerra, A., Sun, X., Swiatlowski, M., Tang, J., Thompson, E. A., Vai, I., Valente, M., Valle, N., Venditti, R., Verwilligen, P., Weber, H., Zaza, A., Zuliani, D., Schieck, J., Sharma, V., Shiltsev, V., Sorbi, M., Stark, G., Statera, M., Stupak, J., Su, S., Sundrum, R., Torre, R., Tortora, L., Trifinopoulos, S., Valente, R. U., Vittorio, L., Vitulo, P., Vryonidou, E., Vuosalo, C., Wu, Y., Wulzer, A., Xie, K., Yonehara, K., Yu, H. -B, Zheng, Y. J., Jose Zurita, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Physique Théorique - UMR CNRS 3681 (IPHT), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Hautes Energies (LPTHE), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muon Collider, and HEP, INSPIRE
Subjects: detector: performance, [PHYS.HEXP] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], transverse momentum: high, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, FOS: Physical sciences, muon: particle identification, charged particle: particle identification, muon: storage ring, programming, photon: particle identification, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), particle identification: performance, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], detector: design, Particle Physics - Phenomenology, electron: particle identification, hep-ex, background, hep-ph, [PHYS.HPHE] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], heavy quark: jet, High Energy Physics::Experiment, numerical calculations: Monte Carlo, Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract: In this paper we report on the current status of studies on the expected performance for a detector designed to operate in a muon collider environment. Beam-induced backgrounds (BIB) represent the main challenge in the design of the detector and the event reconstruction algorithms. The current detector design aims to show that satisfactory performance can be achieved, while further optimizations are expected to significantly improve the overall performance. We present the characterization of the expected beam-induced background, describe the detector design and software used for detailed event simulations taking into account BIB effects. The expected performance of charged-particle reconstruction, jets, electrons, photons and muons is discussed, including an initial study on heavy-flavor jet tagging. A simple method to measure the delivered luminosity is also described. Overall, the proposed design and reconstruction algorithms can successfully reconstruct the high transverse-momentum objects needed to carry out a broad physics program., contribution to Snowmass 2021

49. AWAKE, The Advanced Proton Driven Plasma Wakefield Acceleration Experiment at CERN

Author: Gschwendtner, E., Adli, E., Amorim, L., Apsimon, R., Assmann, R., Bachmann, A. M., Batsch, F., Bauche, J., Berglyd Olsen, V. K., Bernardini, M., Bingham, R., Biskup, B., Bohl, T., Bracco, C., Burrows, P. N., Burt, G., Buttenschon, B., Butterworth, A., Caldwell, A., Cascella, M., Chevallay, E., Cipiccia, S., Damerau, H., Deacon, L., Dirksen, P., Doebert, S., Dorda, U., Farmer, J., Fedosseev, V., Feldbaumer, E., Fiorito, R., Fonseca, R., Friebel, F., Gorn, A. A., Grulke, O., Hessler, C., Hofle, W., Holloway, J., Huther, M., Jaroszynski, D., Jensen, L., Jolly, S., Joulaei, A., Kasim, M., Keeble, F., Lopes, N., Lotov, K. V., Mandry, S., Martorelli, R., Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Mete, O., Minakov, V. A., Mitchell, J., Moody, J., Muggli, P., Najmudin, Z., Norreys, P., Oz, E., Pardons, A., Pepitone, K., Petrenko, A., Plyushchev, G., Pukhov, A., Rieger, K., Ruhl, H., Salveter, F., Savard, N., Seryi, A., Shaposhnikova, E., Sheng, Z. M., Sherwood, P., Silva, L., Soby, L., Sosedkin, A. P., Spitsyn, R. I., Trines, R., Tuev, P. V., Turner, M., Verzilov, V., Vieira, J., Vincke, H., Welsch, C. P., Wing, M., Xia, G., Hansen, J., Li, Y., Liu, S., Schmidt, J., Wei, Y., and Zhang, H.
Subjects: CERN Lab, electron: acceleration, plasma: wake field, p: beam, stability, CERN SPS, 7. Clean energy, beam loading, CNGS, modulation, acceleration: wake field, AWAKE, proposed experiment, laser: beam, energy: low, EuCARD2
Abstract: Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research / A 829, 76 - 82(2016). doi:10.1016/j.nima.2016.02.026, The Advanced Proton Driven Plasma Wakefield Acceleration Experiment (AWAKE) aims at studying plasma wakefield generation and electron acceleration driven by proton bunches. It is a proof-of-principle R&D; experiment at CERN and the world׳s first proton driven plasma wakefield acceleration experiment. The AWAKE experiment will be installed in the former CNGS facility and uses the 400 GeV/c proton beam bunches from the SPS. The first experiments will focus on the self-modulation instability of the long (rms ~12 cm) proton bunch in the plasma. These experiments are planned for the end of 2016. Later, in 2017/2018, low energy (~15 MeV) electrons will be externally injected into the sample wakefields and be accelerated beyond 1 GeV. The main goals of the experiment will be summarized. A summary of the AWAKE design and construction status will be presented., Published by North-Holland Publ. Co., Amsterdam

50. Coecotrophy in Rabbits--A Circadian Function

Author: Hornicke, H., primary and Batsch, F., additional
Published: 1977
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