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Abstract It has been established that the Hydrazone derivatives have important pharmacological effects. In the first step, hydrazine (NH2NH2) reacts with a compound containing a carbonyl group (C = O) in the presence of ethanol and heat, leading to the formation of hydrazone compound (H1). The second step is the formation of the Schiff base (H2) by the reaction of compound (H1) with indole, ethanol, and acetic acid, which contain a double bond (C = N). In the third step, the (H1) reacts with thiophene, ethanol, and acetic acid to form a compound (H3) containing multiple bonds between the indole and thiophene rings. The synthetic test compounds underwent characterization using TLC, IR, 1 H - NMR, and ¹3C NMR spectral examinations. Both compounds, H2 and H3, exhibit antioxidant activity at different concentrations (from 12.5 to 100 µgmL− 1), where the effect increases gradually with the increase in concentration. The compounds (H2 and H3) exhibited an apparent inhibitory effect on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. Calculations have been performed for DFT, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and the ADMET protocol, and they are essential for describing the interaction and stability. In hydrazone derivatives, groups like amine, hydroxy, thiophene, and indole form hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions with amino acids such as arginine, lysine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid. These interactions are crucial to evaluating the compound’s stability and its potential to inhibit enzyme activity. The results indicate that the compound shows strong binding and stability at the active site, making it a promising candidate for further studies as an anti-colon cancer agent.

The aim of this study is to describe the leech species that are used in some of the alternative medicine clinics in Baghdad Province based on morphometric measurements and colouring pattern of the body. A collection of twenty leeches was provided from some clinics. All specimens were identified and described based on standard available keys. The morphometric characteristics and colouring patterns were recorded and the indicated that these leeches were Hirudo orientalisUtevsky & Trontelj, 2005 and H.verbana Carena, 1820.

Commiphora gileadensis L. is an important endangered medicinal plant that belongs to the family Burseraceae. In this study, C. gileadensis callus culture was established successfully using mature leaves as explants cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with 24.50 μM of indole butyric acid (IBA) and 2.22 μM 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) (callus induction media). The obtained callus was maintained on MS medium supplemented with 16.11 μM naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) in combination with 6.66 μM BAP, which resulted in a substantial increase in callus fresh and dry weights. The cell suspension culture was established successfully using liquid callus induction media supplemented with 3.0 mg·L−1 proline. Thereafter, the chemical constituents of different C. gileadensis methanolic extracts (callus, cell suspension, leaves, and seeds) were profiled, and their cytotoxic and antimicrobial properties were investigated. The LC-MS GNPS analyses were applied for chemical profiling of the methanolic plant extracts, and several natural products were identified, including flavonols, flavanones, and flavonoids glycosides, with two unusual families that included puromycin, 10-hydroxycamptothecin, and justicidin B. The methanolic extracts have shown selective antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties against different microbes and cancer cell lines. For instance, leaf extract showed the highest zone of inhibition for Staphylococcus aureus, while cell suspension culture was effective against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus. All extracts showed selective activity against A549 cell lines for the cytotoxicity assay, while the leaf extract had a broad cytotoxic effect against all tested cell lines. This study revealed that C. gileadensis callus and cell suspension cultures can be employed to increase the in vitro formation of biologically active compounds that may have cytotoxicity and antibacterial action against different cancer cell lines and bacterial species. Further studies are required to isolate and identify such constituents that corroborate the observed activities.

It has been established that the Hydrazone derivatives have important pharmacological effects. In the first step, hydrazine (NH2NH2) reacts with a compound containing a carbonyl group (C = O) in the presence of ethanol and heat, leading to the formation of hydrazone compound (H1). The second step is the formation of the Schiff base (H2) by the reaction of compound (H1) with indole, ethanol, and acetic acid, which contain a double bond (C = N). In the third step, the (H1) reacts with thiophene, ethanol, and acetic acid to form a compound (H3) containing multiple bonds between the indole and thiophene rings. The synthetic test compounds underwent characterization using TLC, IR, 1 H - NMR, and ¹3C NMR spectral examinations. Both compounds, H2 and H3, exhibit antioxidant activity at different concentrations (from 12.5 to 100 µgmL− 1), where the effect increases gradually with the increase in concentration. The compounds (H2 and H3) exhibited an apparent inhibitory effect on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. Calculations have been performed for DFT, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and the ADMET protocol, and they are essential for describing the interaction and stability. In hydrazone derivatives, groups like amine, hydroxy, thiophene, and indole form hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions with amino acids such as arginine, lysine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid. These interactions are crucial to evaluating the compound’s stability and its potential to inhibit enzyme activity. The results indicate that the compound shows strong binding and stability at the active site, making it a promising candidate for further studies as an anti-colon cancer agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: Breast carcinoma may display no symptoms in its initial stages; therefore, screening programs are crucial for the early identification of breast malignancies. Moreover, in patients who exhibit breast-related symptoms, breast carcinomas may be located distally from the symptomatic area. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, anatomical location, and imaging techniques employed in the detection of these incidental malignancies within the symptomatic one-stop breast clinic. METHODS: All individuals who presented at department of Radiology at DHQ hospital exhibiting breast-related symptoms during a two-year timeframe were incorporated into the research. We conducted a correlation analysis between the initial symptoms of patients subsequently diagnosed with breast cancer and the results obtained from imaging modalities (mammography and ultrasound). Incidental malignancies were delineated as histologically verified breast carcinomas that were non-palpable, distant from the symptomatic region, and solely detected through imaging techniques. RESULTS: During the investigative timeframe, a total of 281 female patients were ascertained to have breast cancer from 440 individuals evaluated. A subset of thirty-six patients (12.8%) who received a diagnosis of breast cancer presented with incidental malignancies that were exclusively detected through imaging modalities. The predominant instances of contralateral incidental cancers were discerned utilizing both mammography and ultrasound (US), with all patients being over the age of 35 years. CONCLUSION: We suggest mammography of both breasts and US of the symptomatic breast in order to identify incidental cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information regarding the dietary requirements and consumption of young athletes is limited. Hence, the aim of this narrative review is to provide a comprehensive combination of research and review papers on the nutritional status of young athletes aged 5–18 years old, as well as quantitative, qualitative, wholesome foods, food choices, and eating disordered data concerning the dietary requirements for growing young athletes. This study involved systematic searches of electronic databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science. The specific criteria for identifying research papers published in English from July 1980 until May 2024 were included. Only 48 studies out of 1,262 were included in this narrative review. The findings of this study suggest that, compared with adults, junior athletes need a unique approach to meet their dietary needs. Growth, development, and general athletic performance depend on macronutrients, as they are vital nutrients for young active athletes. However, research on enhancing junior athletes’ performance is still in progress, and studies on hydration status, and eating disorders are limited.

Rivers became supersaturated with carbon dioxide (CO2), so they play an essential role in the global carbon budgets. To increase our understanding of the source of CO2 availability in rivers, we studied the role of climate-changed drivers of CO2 availability, which are ‘‘dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and warming’’. We sampled 45 locations of 3 parts within the Tigris River in Baghdad during autumn and winter. The results showed that all the studied variables (water temperature, pH, DOC, CO2) changed over time. The variations in CO2 availability are associated with changes in DOC concentration, not with water temperature. Overall, our results suggest that elevated CO2 in rivers could result from increased DOC inputs. Therefore, we can conclude that increased DOC concentration in rivers was required for microbial respiration and photo-mineralization, which are the primary sources of CO2 in river ecosystems.

Olanzapine (OLZ) is a commonly prescribed drug for the treatment of schizophrenia and related disorders. However, OLZ use is associated with several adverse effects, including decreased locomotor activity and increased body weight. While the majority of studies have directed their focus towards managing the metabolic side effects of OLZ, there has been limited attention given to the effects on locomotor activity. This study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in alleviating OLZ-induced locomotor impairment in female Sprague Dawley rats. Subjects were divided into four groups: control rats (CR), HBOT, OLZ, and HBOT + OLZ. In addition to behavioral effects, we also evaluated the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of rats’ brain tissue to demonstrate the maintenance of OLZ effectiveness in improving antioxidant status during the intervention using a rotarod device to measure locomotor activity and coordination. Results showed that HBOT effectively counteracted the hypolocomotion produced after OLZ administration. Moreover, HBOT did not result in a decrease in TAC in brain tissue, which is linked to OLZ treatment effectiveness. Therefore, our results suggest that HBOT may represent a promising non-pharmacological approach to improving locomotor and motor coordination impairments associated with OLZ treatment.

Recently, bismuth oxyhalide materials have established more and more interest as shows potential photocatalysts because their exceptional layered structures give them with attractive physicochemical properties, and the photocatalysis process was used to remove the polluting indigo carmine dye from industrial wastewater. Where some factors affecting the treatment process were studied, including the effect of the amount of catalyst, pH, temperature and the initial concentration of the dye. All factors affecting the removal of indigo carmine dye in the presence of ultraviolet radiation lamp of wavelength 245 nm have been studied. Then study the thermodynamic properties of dye adsorption and find the values of thermodynamic functions (∆H, ∆S, ∆G). The adsorption isotherms were determined by the Langumire-Freundlich equations, where the adsorption of the dye on the surface of the (BiOCl, BiOI) compounds was subject to freundlich equation, (BiOBr) was subject to langumire equation. The kinetics of dye adsorption was also studied by applying the pseudo first and second order equations, the practical results shown that the adsorption kinetics of the dye used in the study is subject to the pseudo second order equation. The compound was identified by infrared (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron (SEM) techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Considering the prevalence of overweight and abdominal obesity in middle-aged women, this study was conducted to determine the effect of empowerment program to reduce sugar consumption based on the Multi-Theory Model (MTM) on Body Mass Index (BMI) and abdominal obesity in women aged 30–60 in Joven. Methods This quasi-experimental study (include descriptive and interventional sections) was conducted on the Joven city, Khorasan Razavi province, Iran country from October 2020 to August 2021. Sampling was performed as a multi-stage cluster. First, a descriptive study was performed among 400 women, and then 128 people who were eligible to enter the interventional phase of the study were selected. In the control group, 63 people and in the intervention group, 65 people were eligible to enter the study. The educational intervention was performed in five 60-minute sessions for groups of 12 people. The instruments included the demographic questionnaire, sugar consumption checklist and researcher-made questionnaire based on MTM constructs. Before the intervention, one, three and six months after the intervention, the questionnaire was completed by both intervention and control groups also measurement of waist circumference and BMI were performed using standard instruments. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS 17. Results After the educational intervention, there was a significant difference between the intervention and control groups in all the MTM constructs. Also, six months after the educational intervention, BMI, waist circumference and amount of consumption of sugary substances decreased significantly in the intervention group (p

This study was designed to evaluate inhibiting effect of the aqueous extract of Stellaria media against the toxicity of Cholera bacteria. Twenty male rats (230 ± 22 g b.w) were used and divided into 4 equal groups. First group as control group (G1) second group treated with cholera vaccine (G2), Third group was treated with (900 mg/kg) of aqueous extract of Stellaria media (G3), fourth group treated with Cholera vaccine and 900mg/kg of aqueous extract of Stellaria media (G4), At the end of dosage duration the animals were killed and the blood was collected for studying blood parameters (W.B.C count, differential W.B.C and phagocytic index). Also, the liver and spleen were excised for histological study. The results of hematological test showed significant (P<0.05) INCREASE IN THE (G2 and G4) while the results showed no significant increase (G3) compare with control group. The histological examination of liver and spleen of animal G2 showed histopathological changes compared to control group such as inflammatory cell infiltration, hypertrophy and degeneration some of hepatocytes as well as the occurrence of number of spleen nodules and degeneration of the majority of splenic cell. While the histological examination showed inhibitory effect of S.media represent by the appearance of many cells naturally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rhizoctonia solani (teleomorph: Thanatephorus cucumeris) is a global soil-borne pathogen that severely harms potato crops, leading to significant product losses. Black scurf and stem canker are two manifestations caused by this pathogen, with variable intensity based on the distinctive anastomosis group endemic to the region. During the growing season of 2017 (March and April), 57 different fungus isolates were collected from potato crops farmed in the Jordan Valley. The identity of all the isolates was confirmed by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the ribosomal DNA gene, and the hyphal interactions were also performed with R. solani isolates. The sequences were deposited in GenBank, where accession numbers were obtained. 21 of the isolates were AG-3PT R. solani, with 98–99% identity to reference strains. Somatic compatibility was determined by hyphal interactions, which showed pairing compatibility among the isolates. Around 86.7% of the pairings were somatically incompatible, indicating a high level of genetic diversity among the isolates, while only 13.3% of the pairings were somatically compatible. Testing for pathogenicity revealed that AG-3PT affected the stems of solanaceous plants, including potatoes, and the roots of other plant species. Based on the findings of this study, R. solani AG-3PT was the primary pathogen associated with potato stem canker and black scurf diseases in Jordan. To our knowledge, this is the first report on this pathogen's isolation and identification in Jordan.

الهدف: دراسة تأثير استخدام الهواتف الذكية على تطور مرض جفاف العين عند الأطفال. الطرائق: شملت عينة البحث 200 طفلاً يستخدمون الهواتف الذكية من مراجعي العيادة العينية في مستشفى تشرين الجامعي في اللاذقية خلال الفترة 2023 –2022 والمحققين معايير الاشتمال في البحث،تم تصنيفهم في مجموعتين (جفاف عين، دون جفاف عين)، وذلك حسب المعايير التشخيصية لجفاف العين، تراوحت أعمار المشاركين بين 5-17 عاماً.تم إجراء فحص عيني شامل: القدرة بصرية، أفضل قدرة بصرية مصححة، أسواء الإنكسار، فحص الأقسام الامامية بالمصباح الشقي (أجفان-ملتحمة-قرنية)، زمن تحطم فيلم الدمع BUT، فحص شيرمر ST، معدل الرفيف اثناء استخدام الهاتف الذكي BR،الاستجواب حول أعراض سطح العين لمشعرOSDI ، الاستجواب وفق استبيان مصمم لجمع المعلومات حول عدد ساعات استخدام VDT، ثم تمت مقارنة النتائج بين المجموعتين. النتائج: كانت نسبة مرضى جفاف العين 7.5% مقارنة ب 92.5% من الأطفال دون جفاف ،تزايد متوسط عدد ساعات استخدام الهاتف الذكي عند مجموعة جفاف العين بشكل هام إحصائياً(P=0.008)،بتقييم الوظيفة الدمعية وجدنا فرقاً هاماً إحصائيا بين المجموعتين، حيث ارتفعت قيمة مشعر OSDI،بينما انخفض كل من BUT ، Schirmer عند مجموعة الجفاف، وكانت قيم(P=0.001،P=0.001،P=0.001) على التوالي.كما أظهرت الدراسة انخفاض معدل الرفيف أثناء استخدام الهاتف الذكي عند عينة البحث دون فرق هام احصائياً بين مجموعتي جفاف العين ودون جفاف عين (P=0.1). الخلاصة: لاحظنا في دراستنا أن نسبة انتشار جفاف العين في عينة البحث من الأطفال الأصحاء الذين يستخدمون الهاتف الذكي قد بلغت 7.5%.كذلك وجدنا زيادة هامة احصائياً في متوسط عدد ساعات استخدام الهواتف الذكية عند الأطفال الذين يعانون من جفاف العين، مع تغيرات هامة احصائياً في اختبارات جفاف العين BUT)،ST،OSDI )، وتباطؤ الرفيف عند الأطفال أثناء استخدام الهاتف الذكي. الكلمات المفتاحية: جفاف العين عند الأطفال، الهواتف الذكية، معدل الرفيف، جفاف العين

The objectives of this study were to assess the microbial quality of honey, evaluate the effect of microwaves on microbial survival, and assess the antibacterial activity of honey. Bacteria, yeast and mold were evaluated in samples before and after microwave treatment. Dominant bacterial contaminants were also identified. The antibacterial activity of honey was assessed against nine pathogens using an agar well diffusion assay. The minimum inhibitory concentration was determined for four honey samples that exhibited the highest antibacterial activity. In addition, one sample of Manuka honey was tested to compare its microbial load as well as its antibacterial activity to local honey samples. Sequencing using 16S rRNA gene was used for the identification of dominant bacteria. The average standard plate count, yeasts and molds were 286.5,161.0 and 25.5 CFU/g, respectively. Microwave treatment decreased microbial populations gradually with increasing power levels and exposure times. The present study indicated that raw honey had a significant antibacterial activity which decreased following microwave treatment. The identity of 125 isolates was confirmed with Bacillus being most frequently isolated.

Patients with cancer experience feelings of anxiety that increase or decrease at different times. Patients may become more anxious as their cancer spreads or as their treatment becomes more intense. The level of anxiety you experience treated with chemotherapy may be different for one person with cancer than for another. Objective: the study aims to assess the level of anxiety among patients treated with chemotherapy and to find out the relationships between anxiety levels and some variables such as (age and gender, level of education, and marital status). Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2022 to May 2023 at the Oncology Teaching Hospital in Baghdad City, including 65 patients on the morning shift and a questionnaire to measure anxiety levels (anxiety self-rating scale). (20) The collected data were analyzed with SPSS V.23 including descriptive statistical tests frequencies, percentages, mean, and chi-square tests were used for inferential analysis. Result: The research results indicated that the majority of participants were women. (58.5%), aged between 39 and 48 years (30.8%) and diagnosed with breast cancer (41.5%). and the highest percentage of levels of anxiety (55.4%,32.3, % and 12.3%) were as moderate, mild, and extreme anxiety levels respectively. Furthermore, the chi-square test showed no statistically significant differences between the anxiety level and participants' Demographic variables. Conclusion: The study concluded that the participating patients had a moderate level of anxiety. and There is no significant relationship between the level of anxiety of the patient treated with chemotherapy and demographic characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vespula germanica ( German wasp) is considered a dangerous pest that attacks bees and orchards, and its sting harmful to humans , found in much of the Northern Hemisphere, Khalaf was recorded in Iraq in 1958, it was limited to registration within the Iraqi insects fauna only, and no any biological or environmental studies in Iraq. Therefore, study aimed for understanding of some aspects of the insect. During three years, 2018-2019- and 2020, field survey in different fields in Duhok, Iraqi Kurdistan, collected 27 nests to investigate several colony characteristics. Our study showed the size of mature nests is correlated to number of individuals produced. observed that the German hornet builds its nests in different places as on trees and shrubs, on roofs of houses , buildings, animal pens, poultry fields, and near water sources. Queen begins to appear at beginning of May, workers at beginning of July, as for the males and virgins, they appeared in October. And all members cast die in winter except newly fertilized queens remain, who hibernate to next season. Showed the activity of workers increases with the progression of the hours of the day and that their highest activity is during the hour (9-11) in the morning, at rate 100 wasps/hour. seasonal activity starts from May to November, and highest activity recording during July, August, and September. The highest average of sealed brood area 3.11inch during July , highest average number of hexagonal eyes 91 eyes/nest in October.

Background: There has not been yet reports regarding the protective effect of vitamin C on spermatocytes in epileptic rats. The present study aimed to evaluate the protective role of vitamin C on numbers and structure spermatocytes in rats with pentylentetrazol-induced epilepsy. Methods: Forty male rats were randomly divided into five groups of 8, and were kindled with pentylentetrazol (40 mg/kg). The first group (sham) received normal saline. The second, third, and forth experimental groups treated with 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg of vitamin C, respectively. The negative control group was given only normal saline via intraperitoneal injection. All rats were then deep anesthetized and sacrificed, and their right testis were dissected. Histological sections were prepared, and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H/E). The number of spermatocytes in sections were counted, and morphological changes were studied using histology and immunohistochemical methods. Data were analyzes using ANOVA test to determine significant differences between cases and controls. Findings: There was a significant decrease in spermatocytes numbers in epileptic rats compared with intact control group (P < 0.001). The spermatocytes significantly increased in rats, which received 250 mg/kg vitamin C compared to those received 125 mg/kg vitamin C or normal saline (P < 0.010). The morphological changes such as dense nuclei and more acidophilic cytoplasm were observed in epileptic rats compared to control groups. Conclusion: The present study showed that vitamin C supplementation would protect spermatocytes by decreasing the neurotoxin effects of pentylentetrazol in epileptic rats.

In this paper, we introduce a univariate four-parameter distribution. Several known distributions like exponentiated Weibull or extended generalized exponential distribution can be obtained as special case of this distribution. The new distribution is quite flexible and can be used quite effectively in analysing survival or reliability data. It can have a decreasing, increasing, decreasing-increasing-decreasing (DID), upside-down bathtub (unimodal) and bathtub-shaped failure rate function depending on its parameters. We provide a comprehensive account of the mathematical properties of the new distribution. In particular, we derive expressions for the moments, mean deviations, Rényi and Shannon entropy. We discuss maximum likelihood estimation of the unknown parameters of the new model for censored and complete sample using the profile and modified likelihood functions. One empirical application of the new model to real data are presented for illustrative purposes.

Introduction: Spontaneous abortion is the most common complication of pregnancy that leads to mental disorders such as anxiety. Considering the high prevalence and the consequences of anxiety and the effective role of midwives in women's mental support following abortion, complementary therapies such as counseling are important. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of counseling based on Fordyce's pattern of Happiness on the anxiety of women with spontaneous abortion. Methods: This randomized clinical trial recruited 72 women with spontaneous abortion referred to Fatemiyeh hospital in Hamadan based on inclusion criteria and they were randomly assigned to intervention (n=36) and control (n=36) groups. Data were collected through a demographic questionnaire and HADS. The intervention group was consulted for a total 8 sessions of 60 minutes during the first 72 hours after the abortion. The sessions were held twice a week which lasted4 weeks. Both groups were followed immediately after and one months after the intervention. Data were analyzed via descriptive and analytical statistic with SPSS16. Results: The findings showed that before the intervention, no significant difference was observed in the mean score of anxiety between intervention and control groups (P>0.05). After the intervention and one months later, the results showed a significant difference between the two groups on anxiety (P

The present research investigates the interactive effects of 24-epibrassinolide (0, 0.02 and 0.5 µM) plus thiamine (0 and 200 µM) treatments on some of physio-biochemical parameters in Brassica napus plants under Cadmium Chloride toxic levels; 250 and 500 µM. Application of 24-epibrassinolide 0.02 µM plus thiamine 200 µM significantly increased growth and biochemical parameters such as shoot length, shoot dry weight and total chlorophyll content compared to the Cd stress conditions. While, reduced oxidative markers such as malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide contents and leaves Cd accumulation. Apply of 24-epibrassinolide plus thiamine increased non-enzymatic antioxidant contents and activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase. Also, enhancing the DPPH radical scavenging potential along with increasing PAL activity indicates the major influence of 24-epibrassinolide 0.02 µM and thiamine 200 µM in the reduction of Cd-induced oxidative stress in canola plants. Also In the present of 250 and 500 µM Cd, EBL 0.02 μM plus thiamine 200 μM significantly decreased H2O2 accumulation by 49% and 38% compared to 250 and 500 µM Cd treatment without applying the plant growth regulators respectively. Generally, Application of EBL 0.02 μM plus thiamine 200 μM improved the oxidative resistance of Canola plant under cadmium stress 250 µM.

Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a fatal disease without effective therapy. Identification of new biomarkers for prognosis would enable more rational selections of strategies to cure patients with GBM and prevent disease relapse. Methods: Seven datasets derived from GBM patients using microarray or next generation sequencing in R2 online database (http://r2.amc.nl) were extracted and then analyzed using JMP software. The survival distribution was calculated according to the Kaplan-Meier method and the significance was determined using log-rank statistics. The sensitivity of a panel of GBM cell lines in response to temozolomide (TMZ), salinomycin, celastrol, and triptolide treatments was evaluated using MTS and tumor-sphere formation assay. Findings: We identified that CD44, ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 (ABCC3), and tumor necrosis factor receptor subfamily member 1A (TNFRSF1A) as highly expressed genes in GBMs are associated with patients' poor outcomes and therapy resistance. Furthermore, these three markers combined with MGMT, a conventional GBM marker, can classify GBM patients into five new subtypes with different overall survival time in response to treatment. The four-gene signature and the therapy response of GBMs to a panel of therapeutic compounds were confirmed in a panel of GBM cell lines. Interpretation: The data indicate that the four-gene panel can be used as a therapy response index for GBM patients and potential therapeutic targets. These results provide important new insights into the early diagnosis and the prognosis for GBM patients and introduce potential targets for GBM therapeutics. Fund: Baylor Scott & White Health Startup Fund (E.W.); Collaborative Faculty Research Investment Program (CFRIP) of Baylor University, Baylor Scott & White Health, and Baylor College of Medicine (E.W., T.S., J.H.H.); NIH R01 NS067435 (J.H.H.); Scott & White Plummer Foundation Grant (J.H.H.); National Natural Science Foundation of China 816280007 (J.H.H. and Fu.W.). Keywords: CD44, ABCC3, Cancer stem cell, Glioblastoma multiforme, Brain tumor, Prognosis

Background & aim: Cesarean section (CS) accounts for 35% of all surgical operations in Iran. Post cesarean ileus is a complication of CS. There are various pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical ways for the treatment of this condition. Given the fact that the non-pharmaceutical approaches are better tolerated and often inexpensive, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of chewing gum on post cesarean ileus. Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 93 patients undergoing CS (i.e., elective or urgent CS) at Sabzevar Mobini Hospital, Savzevar, Iran, between July 2013 and September 2014. The study population was selected using convenience sampling technique and assigned into two groups of chewing gum (n=35) and control (n=58) groups. The subjects in the chewing gum group were encouraged to chew gum at defined intervals. Both groups were evaluated for pain, bowel sounds, first defecations, gas passage, and feeling bowel movements. Data analysis was performed in SPSS software, version 21. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the auscultation of first bowel sound, first record of gas passing, and first defecation. The logistic regression models showed that chewing gum was significantly associated with reduced post-operative pain while controlling for surgery duration as a confounding factor (OR: 0.79, 95% CI for OR=0.63, 0.99). However, chewing gum showed no significant relationship with bowel sounds, first defecations, gas passage, and feeling bowel movements. Conclusion: As the findings indicated, the use of chewing gum after CS was ineffective in the reduction of ileus. However, this practice was only capable of mitigating post-operative pain, and therefore can be used as an adjuvant technique for the management of post-operative pain.

Our study was designed to investigate the prevailing serotypes of Salmonella in chickens and the rate of isolation of each serotype. Between 27 September 2014 and 15 February 2015, a total of 200 samples were collected from cloacal swabs and cecal contents from different sources and ages at Al-Diwaniyah Province. The bacterial culture was carried out by using different culture media such as Salmonella-Shigella agar (SS), Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate Agar (XLD) and Chrome agar Salmonella (CAS), the serotype was determined by confirmative bio-chemical essays using the Vitek-2 system. The current study was able to identify three serotypes as following: S. enteritidis, S. Paratyphi B and S. typhimurium with isolation rate of 10%, 6.5%, and 4.5% respectively.

Background and Aims: Fear of delivery in females can lead to negative side effects, such as the experience of long and hard labor. Reduction of delivery fear is one of the goals of natural delivery program, and hypnosis has been considered a way to reduce this fear. With regard to the contradictory results of the studies in this field, this study aimed to determine the effect of self-hypnosis on the experience of delivery fear and duration of labor in primiparity. Materials and Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 63 pregnant women who were divided into self-hypnosis (n=30) and control groups (n=33) using a blocking method in Mashhad, Iran, during 2019. The intervention group received two sessions of hypnosis at 37th and 38th weeks of pregnancy which consisted of listening to an audio file until delivery time. On the other hand, the control group received only the routine care. Fear was evaluated at 37th week of pregnancy and 24 h after delivery. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 16), and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean scores of delivery fear experience (P