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The aim of this study is to describe the leech species that are used in some of the alternative medicine clinics in Baghdad Province based on morphometric measurements and colouring pattern of the body. A collection of twenty leeches was provided from some clinics. All specimens were identified and described based on standard available keys. The morphometric characteristics and colouring patterns were recorded and the indicated that these leeches were Hirudo orientalisUtevsky & Trontelj, 2005 and H.verbana Carena, 1820.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of dietary trans-unsaturated fatty acids (TFAs) on ovulatory infertility in young unmarried females. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 august 2023 to 31 December 2023 at the Basic Medical Science Institute (BMSI), Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center Karachi. All healthy unmarried females aged 15-25 were included in the study. Females with a family history of infertility, having existing comorbidity, history of irregular menstruation cycle or hormonal replacement therapy, were excluded. Based on the Food frequency questionnaire score, 300 subjects were divided into 3 groups, Group A were low trans fats Consumers (Score 0-170), Group B was moderate trans fats consumers (Score 171-340) and Group C were high trans fats consumers (Score 341-500). The analysis of results was carried out on SPSS Software version 22. Results: The study’s 300 respondents, who ranged in age from 16 to 25, had a mean age of 21.8 years. Fifteen per cent of those in group “A” had abnormal HDL, 22% had bad LDL, and 23% had abnormal TGA, while 17% had abnormal cholesterol. An abnormal TGA, abnormal HDL, abnormal LDL, and abnormal 31% of the participants in group “B” exhibited abnormal cholesterol levels. A significant correlation between oxidative stress and hormonal indicators was found in three groups: “A” (13%) had aberrant LH, “20%” had abnormal FSH, “11%” had abnormal serum estrogen, “10%” had abnormal serum progesterone, and “C” (49% had abnormal LH, FSH, estrogen, and progesterone). Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ ) scores had a 25% positive correlation with cholesterol, a 40% negative correlation with HDL, a 31% positive correlation with LDL, and a 39% positive correlation with biochemical and hormonal indicators. Conclusion: Trans fats diets significantly increase the risk of ovulatory infertility and reproductive failure in young females

Commiphora gileadensis L. is an important endangered medicinal plant that belongs to the family Burseraceae. In this study, C. gileadensis callus culture was established successfully using mature leaves as explants cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with 24.50 μM of indole butyric acid (IBA) and 2.22 μM 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) (callus induction media). The obtained callus was maintained on MS medium supplemented with 16.11 μM naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) in combination with 6.66 μM BAP, which resulted in a substantial increase in callus fresh and dry weights. The cell suspension culture was established successfully using liquid callus induction media supplemented with 3.0 mg·L−1 proline. Thereafter, the chemical constituents of different C. gileadensis methanolic extracts (callus, cell suspension, leaves, and seeds) were profiled, and their cytotoxic and antimicrobial properties were investigated. The LC-MS GNPS analyses were applied for chemical profiling of the methanolic plant extracts, and several natural products were identified, including flavonols, flavanones, and flavonoids glycosides, with two unusual families that included puromycin, 10-hydroxycamptothecin, and justicidin B. The methanolic extracts have shown selective antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties against different microbes and cancer cell lines. For instance, leaf extract showed the highest zone of inhibition for Staphylococcus aureus, while cell suspension culture was effective against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus. All extracts showed selective activity against A549 cell lines for the cytotoxicity assay, while the leaf extract had a broad cytotoxic effect against all tested cell lines. This study revealed that C. gileadensis callus and cell suspension cultures can be employed to increase the in vitro formation of biologically active compounds that may have cytotoxicity and antibacterial action against different cancer cell lines and bacterial species. Further studies are required to isolate and identify such constituents that corroborate the observed activities.

OBJECTIVE: Breast carcinoma may display no symptoms in its initial stages; therefore, screening programs are crucial for the early identification of breast malignancies. Moreover, in patients who exhibit breast-related symptoms, breast carcinomas may be located distally from the symptomatic area. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, anatomical location, and imaging techniques employed in the detection of these incidental malignancies within the symptomatic one-stop breast clinic. METHODS: All individuals who presented at department of Radiology at DHQ hospital exhibiting breast-related symptoms during a two-year timeframe were incorporated into the research. We conducted a correlation analysis between the initial symptoms of patients subsequently diagnosed with breast cancer and the results obtained from imaging modalities (mammography and ultrasound). Incidental malignancies were delineated as histologically verified breast carcinomas that were non-palpable, distant from the symptomatic region, and solely detected through imaging techniques. RESULTS: During the investigative timeframe, a total of 281 female patients were ascertained to have breast cancer from 440 individuals evaluated. A subset of thirty-six patients (12.8%) who received a diagnosis of breast cancer presented with incidental malignancies that were exclusively detected through imaging modalities. The predominant instances of contralateral incidental cancers were discerned utilizing both mammography and ultrasound (US), with all patients being over the age of 35 years. CONCLUSION: We suggest mammography of both breasts and US of the symptomatic breast in order to identify incidental cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, bismuth oxyhalide materials have established more and more interest as shows potential photocatalysts because their exceptional layered structures give them with attractive physicochemical properties, and the photocatalysis process was used to remove the polluting indigo carmine dye from industrial wastewater. Where some factors affecting the treatment process were studied, including the effect of the amount of catalyst, pH, temperature and the initial concentration of the dye. All factors affecting the removal of indigo carmine dye in the presence of ultraviolet radiation lamp of wavelength 245 nm have been studied. Then study the thermodynamic properties of dye adsorption and find the values of thermodynamic functions (∆H, ∆S, ∆G). The adsorption isotherms were determined by the Langumire-Freundlich equations, where the adsorption of the dye on the surface of the (BiOCl, BiOI) compounds was subject to freundlich equation, (BiOBr) was subject to langumire equation. The kinetics of dye adsorption was also studied by applying the pseudo first and second order equations, the practical results shown that the adsorption kinetics of the dye used in the study is subject to the pseudo second order equation. The compound was identified by infrared (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron (SEM) techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was designed to evaluate inhibiting effect of the aqueous extract of Stellaria media against the toxicity of Cholera bacteria. Twenty male rats (230 ± 22 g b.w) were used and divided into 4 equal groups. First group as control group (G1) second group treated with cholera vaccine (G2), Third group was treated with (900 mg/kg) of aqueous extract of Stellaria media (G3), fourth group treated with Cholera vaccine and 900mg/kg of aqueous extract of Stellaria media (G4), At the end of dosage duration the animals were killed and the blood was collected for studying blood parameters (W.B.C count, differential W.B.C and phagocytic index). Also, the liver and spleen were excised for histological study. The results of hematological test showed significant (P<0.05) INCREASE IN THE (G2 and G4) while the results showed no significant increase (G3) compare with control group. The histological examination of liver and spleen of animal G2 showed histopathological changes compared to control group such as inflammatory cell infiltration, hypertrophy and degeneration some of hepatocytes as well as the occurrence of number of spleen nodules and degeneration of the majority of splenic cell. While the histological examination showed inhibitory effect of S.media represent by the appearance of many cells naturally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients with cancer experience feelings of anxiety that increase or decrease at different times. Patients may become more anxious as their cancer spreads or as their treatment becomes more intense. The level of anxiety you experience treated with chemotherapy may be different for one person with cancer than for another. Objective: the study aims to assess the level of anxiety among patients treated with chemotherapy and to find out the relationships between anxiety levels and some variables such as (age and gender, level of education, and marital status). Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2022 to May 2023 at the Oncology Teaching Hospital in Baghdad City, including 65 patients on the morning shift and a questionnaire to measure anxiety levels (anxiety self-rating scale). (20) The collected data were analyzed with SPSS V.23 including descriptive statistical tests frequencies, percentages, mean, and chi-square tests were used for inferential analysis. Result: The research results indicated that the majority of participants were women. (58.5%), aged between 39 and 48 years (30.8%) and diagnosed with breast cancer (41.5%). and the highest percentage of levels of anxiety (55.4%,32.3, % and 12.3%) were as moderate, mild, and extreme anxiety levels respectively. Furthermore, the chi-square test showed no statistically significant differences between the anxiety level and participants' Demographic variables. Conclusion: The study concluded that the participating patients had a moderate level of anxiety. and There is no significant relationship between the level of anxiety of the patient treated with chemotherapy and demographic characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An eco-friendly synthesis process has been adopted to prepare MgCr2O4 nanopowder from magnesium nitrate and chromium nitrate mixture in DI water. Results show small nanoparticles formation with average crystalline size ranging 20nm-71nm. Characterization such as XRD proved amorphous nature of nanoparticles by possessing spinel structure. Structural morphology reveals fractured shells formation with average grain size about 5.8nm. Raman spectroscopy reveals chemical bonding whereas from photoluminescence spectroscopy bandgap calculated is about 3.30eV. These all results confirmed successful formation of spinel MgCr2O4 by sol-gel method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cheating is the behavioral realization of immoral decisions. It is a dynamic process that does not begin or end on the enactment of cheating. However, little research has closely looked at the behavioral dynamics of the cheating process. The current study analyzed smiling, face covering, and rhythmic body rocking among 4- to 7-year-old children (N = 120) who participated in a challenging math test. We compared these target expressive behaviors from baseline practice trials to the critical test trial. Compared with children who did not cheat, we found that those who cheated were more likely to display smiling during the critical test trial, and those who cheated were more likely to cover their faces throughout the experiment even before they had the opportunity to cheat. Rhythmic body rocking did not differ between cheating and non-cheating children. The study identified behavioral differences between children who cheated and those who did not cheat, laying the groundwork for understanding children's cheating behaviors from the lens of behavioral dynamics. It also suggests that with further research there might be some potential for distinguishing between these groups based on behavioral cues., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

A Cylindrical shell consists of a curved surface that extends around a central axis, with its thickness being relatively small compared to its height and radius. It has wide range applications in pressure vessels and tanks, heat exchangers, aerospace etc. This article analyzes four shell surfaces, the first and third layers of functionally graded material, and the second and fourth layers of isotropic material. The natural frequency is influenced by several thick layers. The shell frequency equation is obtained by usig the Rayleigh-Ritz approach. The strain and curvature-displacement relations are derived from Sander's shell theory. Characteristic beam functions are employed to assess the dependence of axial modal and trigonometric volume fraction law is used to attain the vibration anaylsis. Results are acquired for different thickness-to-radius and length-to-radius ratios under various edge conditions. For simply supported edge circumstances, the natural frequencies are calculated by using MATLAB software., Competing Interests: Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

This study reports novel three-step electrochemical fabrication of CoCr 2 O 4 /graphene-oxide nanocomposite on glassy carbon electrode including sequential synthesis of graphene-oxide using modified Hummer's method, CoCr 2 O 4 nanoparticles using sol-gel method and the cost-effective co-precipitation technique for nanocomposite formation. The resulting nanocomposite was subjected to comprehensive analytical and morphological analysis. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) confirms nanocomposite formation with reduced average crystallite size value of 26.9 nm whereas SEM indicates spherical grains existence within nanocomposite. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) confirms no impurity peak existence whereas Raman spectroscopy clearly indicated D and G band existence at 1345 and 1587 cm -1 respectively. Photoluminescent spectra reveals decreasing trend in band gap value about 3.49 eV. The electrochemical properties of CoCr 2 O 4 /graphene-oxide nanocomposite electrode explored, showcasing remarkable capacitance with a surface area of merely 0.068 cm 2 , 574.8 F/g specific capacitance in alkaline 1M KOH and 488.6 F/g specific capacitance in acidic 0.1M H 2 SO 4 electrolyte. Moreover, synthesized nanocomposite demonstrates remarkable electrochemical stability resulting capacitance retention about 95 % after 100 cycles in 1M KOH electrolyte. GCD analysis reveals impressive power and energy density values of 2489 W/kg and 14.88 Wh/kg respectively. These outstanding properties make the nanocomposite an attractive material for next-generation supercapacitors and energy storage solutions., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

The purpose of this work is to probe the analytical formulation of the mechanical response [Formula: see text], which is the consequence of determining the connection between charge and depth values. It is possible to acquire the [Formula: see text] expression by doing an indentation experiment while the loading process is unfolding. In this particular piece of research, the formulation of [Formula: see text] takes into consideration the pile-up mode for an indenter with a spherical structure. The remarkable concordance that exists involving the newly propositioned appearance and the outcome of the experiments has been presented in this academic work. An experimental investigation is being conducted on ductile materials, namely copper and the alloys of copper., Competing Interests: Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

The present data were reported in the article "Cheating in childhood: Exploring the link between parental reports of problem behaviors and dishonesty on simulated academic tests" (Wilson et al., 2024). It reports the findings from an online study to assess children's cheating behaviors on simulated academic tests. The dataset also contains key demographic information and information from parental reports of their children's behavior on the Child Behavior Checklist and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. This dataset contains information from 439 North American school-aged children (aged 4-11 years) and their parents. This dataset could be of interest to researchers interested in the consistency of children's cheating behaviors and the associations of cheating to a broader spectrum of childhood behavioral issues., (© 2024 The Author(s).)

Objective: To compare the effects of the Muscle Energy Technique (MET) and the Bowen Technique on hamstring muscle tightness in chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients., Method: A randomized clinical trial (RCT) designed study in which 62 participants were recruited through the purposive sampling technique were divided into two groups by the lottery method. Subjects who had pain for more than six months in the back and hamstring tightness were included. The duration of the study was four months from February to May 2023 conducted at Madinah Teaching Hospital Faisalabad. Subjects in Group-A were given the Bowen technique, whereas subjects in Group-B were given the MET. Numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), and active knee extension (AKE) tests were used for measurements of outcomes., Results: Intra-group comparison by using Friedman test revealed that both Group-A & B subject's pain were reduced (P<0.000), their tightness in back thigh muscles were significantly reduced (P<0.000) and functional activities of subjects were also improved (P<0.000). Mann Whitney test was used to determine the between group comparison. P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered as significant. Inter Group-Analysis revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between effects of Bowen technique & MET on pain, hamstring tightness and disability as both techniques improved pain, flexibility & disability., Conclusion: This study revealed that both groups treated by MET and Bowen Technique had significantly reduced pain, improved flexibility of back thigh muscle and reduced functional disability., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: None., (Copyright: © Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences.)

This study investigated the relationship between parental reports of children's behavioral problems and their cheating behaviors on simulated academic tests, addressing a significant gap in understanding early childhood academic cheating and its potential links to broader behavioral issues. We hypothesized that children's early problem behaviors would be predictive of their academic cheating. To test these hypotheses, children aged 4 to 12 years took part in six unmonitored academic tests that measured their cheating behaviors while their parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire elsewhere. Separate hierarchical linear regressions revealed that children's problem behaviors, as reported by parents, overall significantly predict children's cheating behaviors even after accounting for demographic variables such as age, gender, ethnicity, and parental religiosity. Specifically, the Conduct Problems subscale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire showed a significant and unique association with children's cheating behaviors above and beyond the common contributions of all predictors. However, the Child Behavior Checklist scores and the scores on the other Strengths and Difficulties subscales were not significantly or uniquely related to cheating. These findings offer new insight into simulated childhood academic cheating and its relation to problem behaviors observed by parents., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The current study investigated the association of children's age, gender, ethnicity, Big Five personality traits, and self-efficacy with their academic cheating behaviors. Academic cheating is a rampant problem that has been documented in adolescents and adults for nearly a century, but our understanding of the early development and factors influencing academic cheating is still weak. Using Zoom, the current study recruited children aged 4 to 12 years (N = 388), measured their cheating behaviors through six tasks simulating academic testing scenarios, and assessed their Big Five personality traits and self-efficacy through a modified Berkeley Puppet Interview paradigm, as well as age and gender. We found that children cheated significantly less with increased age and that boys cheated significantly more than girls. However, neither Big Five personality traits nor self-efficacy were significantly correlated with children's cheating. These findings suggest that academic cheating is a developing issue from early to middle childhood and that factors such as gender socialization may play a role in such development. Personal characteristics such as personality traits and self-efficacy may undergo additional development before their associations with cheating become robust, as reported in the adult literature., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Bacterial pneumonia causes significant morbidity and mortality especially in elderly and immunocompromised hosts. Achromobacter xylosoxidans denitrificans pneumonia is very rarely reported. However, the reported cases have been in patients who are either immunocompromised or have bronchiectasis. We hereby present a unique case of Achromobacter xylosoxidans denitrificans pneumonia in an immunocompetent patient with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Our patient is a Caucasian male admitted with shortness of breath, fever and cough. Chest X-ray demonstrated right-sided infiltrates and he was treated with intravenous ceftriaxone and azithromycin. He was discharged home on oral amoxicillin-clavulanate 875-125 mg two times per day for a total of 7 days. Patient returned to emergency room after 5 weeks with persistent symptoms and chest X-ray revealed persistent right-sided infiltrate and sputum culture showed Achromobacter xylosoxidans denitrificans. The patient was started on oral levofloxacin 750 mg one time per day for 2 weeks with resolution of symptoms., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2024. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Novel multinary nanocomposite using solvothermal method synthesized and studied for their use in supercapacitors and photocatalysis to degrade pollutants using characterization techniques XRD, SEM, EDX, FTIR, Raman, UV-Vis, Zeta potential and photoluminescence spectroscopy whereas electrochemical testing via EIS, CV and GCD analysis. Average crystalline size of 20.81 nm measured from XRD whereas EDX confirms GO suppression within nanocomposite. Mixed matrix like morphology is observable from SEM micrographs. The composite exhibited a band gap of 2.78 eV that could degrade MB dye at 94 % under direct sunlight consistent with first-order kinetics. Multiple distinctive peaks in FTIR spectra indicates various functional groups exsistence in the material alongwith zeta potential value of -17.9 mV. Raman spectra reveals D-band shifting to value 1361 cm -1 while the G-band shifts to 1598 cm -1 relative to GO. Furthermore electrochemical performance evaluated revealing electron transfer rate value 4.88 × 10 -9  cms -1 with maximum capacitance about 7182 Fg -1 at a scan rate of 10 mVs -1 respectively. Power density ranges from 3591.18 to 2163 W/kg and energy density from 299 to 120 Wh/Kg as measured from GCD analysis. These findings indicates that novel multinary nanocomposite holds potential as an electrode material in supercapacitors and as a sunlight-driven photocatalyst for the degradation of water-borne organic pollutants., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Authors.)

Biogas is a promising renewable technology to alleviate energy poverty. Pakistan has a capacity of 5 million bio digesters that can be installed in different farming areas. However, this target has never been achieved because many barriers hamper the biogas industry development. In previous studies, some researchers have indicated these barriers in different geographical contexts: however, these barriers are rarely examined in Pakistan. To fulfill the research gap, this study prioritizes potential barriers. Using a literature review and a modified Delphi technique, we identify 25 sub-barriers and catalog them into 5 main categories. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) prioritizes the main barriers and sub-barriers based on potential. Grey Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (G-TOPSIS) ranks the practical alternatives to combat these barriers. The study findings specify that the "financial barrier" is the top-ranked barrier among the main categories, followed by technical, socio-cultural, institutional and administrative, and environmental barriers. The overall ranking shows that the "high starting price tag" is ranked first among all sub-barriers in all categories. It has been proposed that "appropriate financial incentives" and "promotion of customized technology" would be feasible alternative solutions to combat the issues. Based on the research findings, some policy recommendations were suggested for biogas uptake in Pakistan. This study may assist policymakers, stakeholders, and government institutions in accelerating the potential of biogas energy to alleviate energy poverty in rural areas of Pakistan., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Energy poverty has gained considerable attention worldwide, adversely affecting income, education, health, and the environment. However, no study has examined the linkages among these dimensions and especially during COVID-19 in the Pakistani perspective. To bridge this research gap, we scrutinized the relationship among these variables to measure the hypotheses. The study analyzed the survey data collected from university students to meet the research objectives. We employed SPSS 26 for statistical description and correlation analysis and AMOS 26 to construct structural equation modeling to test the proposed hypotheses. The findings disclose that COVID-19 pandemic boosts energy poverty in Pakistan. Moreover, energy poverty positively and significantly influences income poverty, health poverty, educational poverty, and environmental poverty. Finally, relevant practical suggestions are provided based on the study findings., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

India's demand-supply imbalance electricity market results from the country's rapid population growth and extensive industrialization. Due to increased costs, many residential and commercial customers have difficulty paying their electric bills. Households with lower incomes are confronted with the most severe energy poverty in the entire country. A sustainable and alternative form of energy is required to solve these issues. Solar energy is a sustainable energy choice for India; however, the solar industry faces many issues. One of them is managing end-of-life cycle photovoltaic (PV) waste, as massive deployment of solar energy capacity has resulted in generating large amounts of PV waste, ultimately affecting environmental and human health. Therefore, this research employs "Porter's Five Forces Model" to analyze the factors that significantly impact the competitiveness of India's solar power industry. The inputs for this model consist of semi-structured interviews conducted with experts in the solar power industry on various solar energy-related issues and a critical analysis of the national policy framework using the relevant literature and official statistics. The impact of five significant stakeholders of the solar power industry on solar power generation in India is evaluated: buyers, suppliers, competitors, substitutes, and potential competitors. Research findings indicate the Indian solar power industry's current status, challenges, competition environment, and future estimates. This study will help the government and stakeholders to understand the intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting the competitiveness of the Indian solar power sector and suggest policy recommendations to formulate procurement strategies that promote sustainable development within the solar industry., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

The rapid urbanization and industrialization of India have caused a demand-supply gap in the electrical sector, leading to higher electric bills. Lower-income households face the worst energy poverty in the country. Sustainable strategies like corporate social responsibility are the most effective way to combat the energy crisis. This study aims to assess the contribution of corporate social responsibility (CSR) to energy poverty alleviation (EPA) by developing the role of mediating variables such as assessment of renewable energy resource (RER), feasibility of sustainable energy supply (SES), and sustainable energy development (SED). We used hybrid research methodology such as partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to analyze the collected data from professionals, economic experts, and directors in the country in 2022. The study proved that CSR directly affects energy poverty alleviation. Besides, the findings suggest RER, SES, and SED significantly lead the energy poverty alleviation. The findings of this study will divert the attention of policymakers, stakeholders, and economists toward the corporate social responsibility to mitigate the energy crisis in Indian context. A mediating role of a renewable energy resource (RER) as a value-added contribution to this study can be strengthened more in future research. Based on the results, the study illustrates that CSR acts as a catalyst to alleviate energy poverty., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)