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Ever since Batman Begins (2005) introduced Hollywood audiences at large to the concept of the live-action reboot, it has become a popular strategy for long-tail film and television franchises to wipe the slate (mostly) clean and start afresh for new audiences. Before the 2020s and the cinematic popularization of the multiverse as both a narrative device and a branding umbrella, most franchise reboots were intended to be the dominant continuity for viewers. Thanks to the multiverse, some of these reboots – and the versions preceding them – now exist in a complex web of narrative, thematic and intertextual relationships. This article charts the how, why and so what? of the accidental multiverse; superhero franchises that have multiple narrative versions existing concurrently that were not originally intended to do so. As a potential blueprint for entertainment franchises in the future, the accidental multiverse offers a site for interpreting changing dynamics in industry production and audience reception logics and reminds us that in the streaming, niche-targeted content era, everything is connected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are widely deployed in communication areas due to their ease of implementation, dynamic self-organization, and cost-effectiveness. The design of routing protocols is critical for ensuring the performance and reliability of WMNs. Although there have been numerous experimental works on WMNs in the past decade, only a few of them have been tested in real-world scenarios. This article presents a comparative analysis of three proactive routing protocols, OLSR, BATMAN, and Babel, using Raspberry Pi 4 devices. The evaluation, conducted at Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, covers both indoor and outdoor scenarios, focusing on key metrics such as bandwidth, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), and jitter. In outdoor scenarios, OLSR achieved the highest bandwidth at 2.9 Mbps, while BATMAN and Babel lagged. Indoor tests revealed that Babel initially outperformed with the highest bandwidth of 57.19 Mb/s but suffered from scalability issues, while BATMAN and OLSR exhibited significant declines in performance as network size increased. For PDR, BATMAN performed best with a decline from 100% to 42.8%, followed by OLSR with a moderate drop, and Babel with the greatest decrease. For jitter, OLSR showed the most stable performance, increasing from 0.281 ms to 2.58 ms at eleven nodes, BATMAN exhibited moderate increases, and Babel experienced the highest rise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are widely deployed in communication areas due to their ease of implementation, dynamic self-organization, and cost-effectiveness. The design of routing protocols is critical for ensuring the performance and reliability of WMNs. Although there have been numerous experimental works on WMNs in the past decade, only a few of them have been tested in real-world scenarios. This article presents a comparative analysis of three proactive routing protocols, OLSR, BATMAN, and Babel, using Raspberry Pi 4 devices. The evaluation, conducted at Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, covers both indoor and outdoor scenarios, focusing on key metrics such as bandwidth, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), and jitter. In outdoor scenarios, OLSR achieved the highest bandwidth at 2.9 Mbps, while BATMAN and Babel lagged. Indoor tests revealed that Babel initially outperformed with the highest bandwidth of 57.19 Mb/s but suffered from scalability issues, while BATMAN and OLSR exhibited significant declines in performance as network size increased. For PDR, BATMAN performed best with a decline from 100% to 42.8%, followed by OLSR with a moderate drop, and Babel with the greatest decrease. For jitter, OLSR showed the most stable performance, increasing from 0.281 ms to 2.58 ms at eleven nodes, BATMAN exhibited moderate increases, and Babel experienced the highest rise.

Superheroes exist in multiple narratives and storyworlds at the same time. Some of the stories and iterations are part of the character's canon, while different adaptations and alternative versions inhabit other timelines and fictional worlds. Using the concept of transmedia universe, this article explores how fan-made and corporate-made adaptations of the character of Batman occupied the same universe and expanded the world inhabited by the character. Approaching the historical phenomenon of the 1960s Batmania from the point of view of adaptation studies, the article sheds light on local adaptations in a transmedia context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article I explore how superhero tales can be used in the university classroom to help students think about the changing nature of Greek myth and narrative. In doing so I examine a handful of Batman tales in light of Walter Burkert’s ideas about myth. Applying these concepts to such tales allows students to get a better sense of how stories can adapt over time to their audiences. I conclude by offering practical suggestions on how to introduce this topic into the classroom as a fun and contemporary hook to get students thinking about how myth functions in the world, both ancient and modern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we discuss C. S. Lewis's description, and critique, of metaphysical naturalism, and apply this to our reading of the Joker in Christopher Nolan's The Dark Knight. We argue that Nolan's Joker is the most ethically consistent type of naturalist, and that this makes his ethical position at once more praiseworthy than that of numerous naturalistic moral thinkers, such as Sam Harris, insofar as it is consistent, and yet blameworthy in that other naturalistic ethicists, inconsistent though they may be, at least, reasonably, assume a kind of objective morality via implicit supernaturalist assumptions about "right" and "wrong". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heavy metal accumulation is observed in urban soils, sometimes due to anthropological effects and sometimes due to natural geological units. In order to determine the heavy metal content of the Upper Miocene-Lower Pliocene Selmo Formation, which is observed in the whole study area and consists of conglomerate, sandstone and silt stone, soil and river sediment samples were taken. Within the scope of pollution assessment, geo-accumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF) and pollution index (PI) calculations of Batman urban soil samples were made and different degrees of pollution values were determined. High pollution values were obtained for As, Mo and Sb elements in all pollution indices calculated. The pollution levels of the three elements were determined as strongly to extremely contaminated according to Igeo values, the others except As (very severe enrichment) according to EF values were determined as severe enrichment, and according to PI, all three were determined as strong polluted. Pollution and element distribution maps were created with a geographical information system software. According to the results of correlation analysis and cluster analysis, the elements found to be contaminated are divided into two groups, whose locations and sources of contamination are different. The first group (Sn, Zn and Pb) is observed in the approximate centre of the study area and developed due to traffic emissions. The elements belonging to the second group (especially As, Mo and Sb) show high pollution values in the south-southeast of the study area. These pollutions are thought to be caused by the inadequate storage of mineral oils and batteries that are changed in the industrial site and from leaks in the oil production, storage, refining and transmission phase in TPAO, TÜPRAŞ and BOTAŞ. The analysed samples were compared with the Soil Pollution Control Regulation and WHO standards, and Co, Ni and As element values were found to exceed the permissible values for health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the research is to examine the information produced by tourists in social communication networks for food and beverage businesses in Batman. For this purpose, a total of 342 positive and negative user comments about 13 food and beverage businesses with TripAdvisor membership are subjected to content analysis. In the content analysis, the MAXQDA 2020 qualitative data analysis software is used. As a result of the content analysis carried out by the researchers, the factors that govern the customers' experience in the business and determine their satisfaction and dissatisfaction; (i) food and beverage variety, (ii) menu, (iii) price, (iv) quality of food and beverage, (v) physical structure and location of the business, and (vi) service quality. On the one hand, the results of the research reveal the areas where the food and beverage businesses in Batman are seen as successful and unsuccessful, from the customer's point of view, on the other hand, they provide a path for improvement and development initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to reveal the changes in the migrant family structure during the post-migration integration process through the Syrian asylum seeker residing in Batman. In particular, it examined whether immigrant families continued their socio-cultural behaviors before migration and whether they felt a sense of belonging to the new society through the change in the process of building a new family. The study was carried out in the form of focus group interviews and in-depth individual interviews, which are used in qualitative research methods. For this, in-depth interviews were conducted with randomly selected families living in Batman. Thus, the dynamic interaction of families with the family structure and the environment before and after the migration was included and the spatial adaptation of the immigrant family members from Syria, the processes of identity and belonging formation, and the spatial-based changes of socio-economic and cultural integration including traditional and religious behavior patterns were examined. Based on the findings, family relations based on new patterns of alienation, cultural conflict, gender discrimination, forced changes among the immigrant families between the old and the new, family structures, the socio-economic and cultural effects of the immigrants in the place they migrated, as well as the cultural meanings and social meanings they brought from their own countries were observed. It has been determined that the impact of women and young people in the reconstruction of the family after migration is indisputable, and in this process, all socio-cultural behavior patterns before and after migration are synthesized based on the interaction between all elements of the social structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the concept of the Surrealist city, drawing parallels between Surrealist artistic techniques and urban experiences. It delves into various aspects of this idea, including how cities can be seen as dreams, love affairs, palimpsests, poetic texts, psychic labyrinths, and systems of signs, ultimately highlighting the creative and imaginative potential in interpreting and reimagining urban spaces through a Surrealist lens.

This article examines Matt Reeves’ The Batman (2022) as a seminal, contemporary instance of metaphysical detective fiction (MPDF). In doing so, it explores the extent to which Reeves engages with the genre’s history and utilizes its dominant conventions to interrogate notions of identity and the self in Gotham City. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comic strips have long been a popular method of storytelling, capturing the imagination of readers of all ages and evolving into a wide range of genres today, from superhero comics to political comics. Studies show that comic strips have a significant impact on readers' literacy, empathy, and openness to social issues. Comics have the ability to alter how to perceive the world. This research paper presents a system (ComicGenie) for automatically creating comic strips for Batman based on user-entered text descriptions. The proposed system consists of distinct components such as character detection, environment detection, text bubble generation, and voiceover over the scenario, each specializing in different aspects of comic strip creation. SVM and fastText technologies in NLP were utilized for text classification when developing models. Overall, this research contributes to the field of comic strip creation, offering a comprehensive web application. The ComicGenie holds significant potential to revolutionize the comic industry and inspire new avenues for computergenerated storytelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two lichen species, namely Athallia brachyspora and Peccania tiruncula, collected from the Batman and Siirt provinces respectively, are reported as new to Turkey. Concise descriptions including the known geographic distribution and notes on similar taxa are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the social and technological contexts in which the first contact between comics and digital technologies occurs. The history of digital comics begins during the 1980s through the intersection of technocultural practices and innovations that had a major impact on the comics industry. Through the analysis of Michael Saenz's Shatter (First Comics, 1985) and Iron Man: Crash (Marvel, 1988) and Pepe Moreno's Batman: Digital Justice (DC Comics, 1990), we will try to reconstruct the media and cultural processes that paved the way for the technical and expressive modes of future digital comics. The objective of the article is to demonstrate the paradoxical co-presence, in these works, of optimism and pessimism towards the possibilities guaranteed by information technologies. Indeed, on the one hand, the authors of these works experimented with the opportunities offered by still rudimental PCs and software. On the other, they embodied worries about the sociocultural traumas triggered by the technological, which translated on the expressive level in the prefiguration of dystopian futures dominated by cyberpunk atmospheres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We independently analyzed two large public domain datasets that contain 1H-NMR spectral data from lung cancer and sex studies. The biobanks were sourced from the Karlsruhe Metabolomics and Nutrition (KarMeN) study and Bayesian Automated Metabolite Analyzer for NMR data (BATMAN) study. Our approach of applying novel artificial intelligence (AI)-based algorithms to NMR is an attempt to globalize metabolomics and demonstrate its clinical applications. The intention of this study was to analyze the resulting spectra in the biobanks via AI application to demonstrate its clinical applications. This technique enables metabolite mapping in areas of localized enrichment as a measure of true activity while also allowing for the accurate categorization of phenotypes.

The article argues that in Batman. The Killing Joke, the graphic novel by Alan Moore and Brian Bolland (1988), the character of the Joker is dimensioned so that he goes beyond the simple relationship of opposition to Batman, his great adversary. Although the story is built, in general, respecting the Batman canon, Joker stands out through a complex positioning, which leaves the simple categories of psychopath and criminal and becomes a social rebel with multiple ideological valences. The article highlights the means used by the graphic novel to construct characters and undertakes a hermeneutic analysis of the discourse, which occupies a central place, held by the Joker. The analysis is based on the theory of distance to insanity and crime, as elaborated in the work The Autonomous Discourse. Communication Strategies (2013). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes some aspects of land and water relations in the Kokand Khanate, and also describes the conditions for the provision and use of waqf property in the khanate at the beginning of the 19th century, legal consolidation, using the example one of the waqf document. The document serves as an important source for giving new directions to the political activities of Umarkhan, the ruler of the Kokand Khanate at the beginning of the 19th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to reveal the various representations of modernity and postmodernity in Christopher Nolan's Batman Begins (2005), The Dark Knight (2008) and The Dark Knight Rises (2012). Across all three movies, it is asserted that Batman's values correspond to modernity specifically in terms of his self-reflexive construction of the hero persona and his relationship with Gotham city. Furthermore, the way in which the villains confront Batman in a deconstructionist manner corresponds to the postmodern critique of modern values and constructs. What continues to make Batman a hero are precisely said to be his efforts and belief in modern values, both in his personal and social construction, despite facing endless accusations throughout the movies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural disasters such as drought and flood along with global climate change, have increased in recent years. Therefore, there are many studies on drought and flood in the literature. In this study, they have been made drought analysis with various drought indices in Batman province located Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey which is generally an arid region in terms of climate. They were made analyses for Batman province with Percent of Normal Index (PNI), Modified Fournier Index (MFI) and Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) that only takes into account the rainfall data and with De Martonne-Gotmann Index (DMGI) and Bagnauls-Gaussen Index (BGI), which take into account the rainfall and the temperature data together. 31-years of temperature and precipitation data between 1988 and 2018 belong to Batman province obtained from the Meteorology Regional Directorate were used in these analyses According to the analysis results, it was seen that the results of the five methods did not match exactly. According to the PNI; 23 years are normal, 1 year mildly arid, 5 years moderately arid and 2 years severely dry. According to the MFI; 4 years are very little rain, 18 years’ little rain, 8 years’ moderate precipitation and 1-year high rainfall. According to the SPI;1 year was excessive rainfall, 1-year heavy rainfall, 4 years’ moderate precipitation,11 years lightly rainy,8 years mildly arid, 3 years moderately arid and 3 years very dry. According to the DMGI; 10 years are between semi-arid- humid, 21 years semi-arid. According to the BGI has been determined that all years are very dry. In the article, in addition to the annual analyses with the Standardized Precipitation Index seasonal analyses were also made. Contour maps of the analysis results for some methods were also visualized with the SURFER mapping program.

Canine hepatozoonosis is a tick-borne protozoan disease spread by hard ticks of the Ixodidae family. Although this illness has been seen in numerous locations in Türkiye, its existence in the Batman and Van provinces has yet to be confirmed. The purpose of this research was to look into canine hepatozoonosis in stray dogs from two distinct areas in Türkiye using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Between 2019 and 2021, blood samples were collected from 197 stray dogs in Batman and Van provinces in Türkiye. A unique 486-520 bp segment of the 18S rRNA gene of Hepatozoon spp. was amplified using PCR. According to the PCR findings, none of the 197 stray dogs tested positive for Hepatozoon spp. This research offers epidemiological data on the prevalence of canine hepatozoonosis in Türkiye, which may be useful in future studies with larger sample sizes and dogs of varied origins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the fields of healthcare and education, comics have shown considerable academic and teaching importance, with their combination of text and images. As a well-known character in comics, Batman allows us to discuss several relevant topics, from the outcomes in adulthood of experiencing parental death in childhood to genetic and epigenetic changes that may be factors of vulnerability to psychiatric disorders in adulthood. In this text, a narrative of Batman is developed, demonstrating the possibility of using it in an academic context and intending at paying greater attention to patients' history and the relationship between genetics and behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Weed Science is the property of Gaziosmanpasa Universitesi Matbaasi, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of TUBA-KED: Turkish Academy of Sciences, Journal of Cultural Inventory is the property of Turkish Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the superhero genre, there has arguably not been any heroic partnership that is more oxymoronic than that of Superman and Batman, for both characters simultaneously are 'enemies' with opposing ethics and 'best friends' who trust each other with their lives. As such, this study applied a mixed methodology based on the Dialectical Theory of Friendship (DTF) and Critical Narrative Analysis (CNA) to analyse communications, images, and implications of Superman-Batman relationship and identify it as a reflection of friendship and ethical exchanges between American men. Purposive samples of 96 (74.21%) comic books from a total of 128 issues of Superman/Batman and Batman/Superman were analysed. The quantitative results show that the protagonists exhibited 'expressiveness', 'judgment', 'affection', and 'freedom to be dependent' patterns in communication, thereby revealing openness and directness in friendship. The qualitative results highlight that the protagonists used these patterns to create an intimate bond instead of destroying it. This study expands upon literature in the superhero genre. It argues that the Superman-Batman dichotomy embodies the image of postmodern heroes who seek mutual relationship despite ethical differences; the belief that may solve or lessen socio-political issues and polarisation in real life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From Del Coyote al Correcaminos (1988) to Chicos malos (2012), Osvaldo Bossi’s poetry can be read as the gradual adoption of homoerotism in first person: while the lyric speaker of the beginnings would use “masks” of popular culture characters to say, the I of the lasts books (mask that tenses even more what is fictional and autobiographical) embraces the “bad boys” whose beauty celebrates. 31 poemas a Robin (2019) means a return to masks, but in a different way: they are no longer linked with a distancing strategy, but with the exaltation of homoerotic desire, even if it involves (as every desire) lack.

Although not as popular or groundbreaking as his Dark Knight, Christopher Nolan’s 2012 The Dark Knight Rises is an important cultural artefact of the twenty-first century. The film presents a number of villains who challenge the corrupt social order of Gotham City, which itself stands as a figure for twenty-first century American capitalism. Nonetheless, despite these criticisms, the film upholds American neoliberalism as the best of many flawed systems.

Bu çalışmada Batman ili Beşiri ilçesi Çemialo Sırtı mevkisinde 2013-2015 yılları arasında yapılan arkeolojik kazılar sonucunda MÖ 1. bin ile 2. binlere tarihlendirilen tabakalardan elde edilen arkeobotanik bulgular değerlendirilmiştir. MÖ 1. bin yıla tarihlendirilen örneklerin büyük çoğunluğu iki ayrı küp mezardan elde edilmiştir. Bu küp mezarlarda büyük çoğunluğu Fabaceae familyasına ait çok sayıda karbonlaşmış tohum bulunmuştur. MÖ 2. bin yıl örneklerinden elde edilen arkeobotanik kalıntılar ise büyük oranda mekan içi olarak tanımlanmış alanlardandır. Mekanlarda çanak çömleklerin çok sayıda bulunduğu alanlardan alınan toprak örneklerinden farklı bitkilere ait karbonlaşmış tohum elde edilmiştir. Bu mekanların yoğun tohum içermesi sebebiyle gıda depolama alanları oldukları düşünülmektedir. Arkeobotanik malzeme dönem açısından değerlendirildiğinde MÖ 1. bin ve MÖ 2. bin yıl bulguları arasında büyük bir değişiklik görülmemekle birlikte MÖ 2. bin yıl örneklerinde Hordeum vulgare L. tohumunun sayısı MÖ 1. bin yıl örneklerindekilere oranla daha yüksektir. Her iki dönemde de en fazla Lens culinaris Medik. tohumu ele geçmiştir. Fabaceae familyasına ait diğer tohumlar: Lathyrus sativus L., Pisum sativum L., Cicer arietinum L. ve Vicia ervilia (L.) Willd.’dır. Poaceae familyasından ise Triticum aestivum L. ve Triticum dicoccon (Schrank) Schübl. tohumları teşhis edilmiştir.

This paper argues that the comic book character Cassandra Cain is representative of a queer performance of identity as shaped by the authority of law. This is argued through visual jurisprudence and queer theory as seen in the form of a superhero comic book. The first section argues that queer theory has identified a legal binary and the emerging breakdown of that binary through the methods of representing and interpreting the law. This is done by analysing queer theory, visual jurisprudence, and their connection to comics and graphic novels. The second section argues that the Batman franchise, its meta-text, and characters, such as Cassandra Cain, engage with these legal binaries and their breakdown. By emphasising the dual-identity of characters and the role of family, it argues that the meta-text allows new stories to engage with contemporary legalities and its effect on identity. The third section argues that Cassandra, in Batman Detective Comics Volume 3 – League of Shadows,1 is performative of queer jurisprudence through both textual and visual elements. In particular she is performative of a breakdown of binaries in her attempts to transcend their structure, becoming more than a passive subject of binary identities, and becoming more of a true self. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Automated programs that carry out targeted metabolite identification and quantification using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra can overcome time and cost barriers that limit metabolomics use. However, their performance needs to be comparable to that of an experienced spectroscopist. A previously analyzed pediatric sepsis data set of serum samples was used to compare results generated by the automated programs rDolphin and BATMAN with the results obtained by manual profiling for 58 identified metabolites. Metabolites were selected using Student's t-tests and evaluated with several performance metrics. The manual profiling results had the highest performance metrics values, especially for sensitivity (76.9%), area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.90), precision (62.5%), and testing accuracy based on a neural net (88.6%). All three approaches had high specificity values (77.7–86.7%). Manual profiling by an expert spectroscopist outperformed two open-source automated programs, indicating that further development is needed to achieve acceptable performance levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study discusses the integration process and expectations for the future of asylum seekers, who started in many Arab countries in the last month of 2010 and escaped from the internal conflicts that continued in Syria in April 2011, in the example of the urban of Batman. Based on this, the stage of the relations of asylum-seekers with the social and public environment in the urban environment in the last decade and the realization levels of the housing, language, education, employment and citizenship processes, which are important indicators of integration within the scope of the legislation created within the scope of temporary protection, have been revealed by the analysis of the findings. In addition, with this study, the expectations of the asylum seekers regarding the Syrian War and therefore their attitude towards their own future were taken into consideration. Their expectations about the Syrian War and therefore their attitude towards their future were also taken into account. In this context, the mixed research method based on qualitative and quantitative data was adopted, and after the theoretical background that included the conceptual framework of migration and migration, the findings of the field study conducted on Syrian asylum seekers living in Batman, which constitutes the target universe of the research, were analyzed. In this framework, 134 sample groups over the age of 18 were selected among the asylum seekers and face-to-face surveys were conducted. The surveys were conducted in May and June 2020 as an applied field study. It was revealed that the Syrian asylum seekers participating in the research did not meet the expectations contrary to what is believed, and they were worried about looking to the future with hope due to the prolongation of the war and the increase in economic problems. Therefore, it has been understood that there is a need for a very comprehensive new integration policy and regulations that include socio-economic and cultural interaction for asylum seekers. While the issue of asylum seekers and refugees is expected to occupy the agenda with increasing migration, it is aimed that these and similar studies will serve as a guide for researchers and administrators.

The study focuses on the multimodal discourse of the superhero Batman which is viewed as both a corpus of texts about Batman and a process of their development in various media, such as comics, animation, film, video games. Since the launch of the 1930s’ comics, the discourse has been incessantly developing, getting more and more intertwined with technology and new technology-based arts and industries. The evolution of the discourse can also be accounted for by the changing needs of the audience, as well as the shifts in the audience itself. At present, Batman discourse is comprised of a vast number of media texts, which intersect and influence each other. Each of these presents a new interpretation of the myth, based on the reesthetisization of basic constituent codes. The research aims to cover some aspects that define Batman as a cultural phenomenon of today, such as Batman as part of contemporary mythology and its relatability to the contemporary historical context, authorship in both the multimodal discourse and its media subdiscourses, intertextual and interdiscursive transformations.

This paper focuses on American superhero comics – i.e. superadventures and their likeness to mythology. Our goal is to understand how subtle changes in the characterization of a superhero may make them more congruent with the present day morality and ideals of the society, even if a given character is willing to directly challenge that morality. Through a close reading of Batman #53, in which Bruce Wayne states that Batman is like a god and that he does not believe in him anymore – nor should the people of Gotham – we discuss the symbolic meaning of Bruce Wayne's phrase and the implications for the readers' understanding of who the Batman is and what he stands for. One of the main impacts of this characterization is that Batman ceases to be the “interventionist god” as he was portrayed in many stories in the last decades, and learns to embrace the frailty and limitations of the human condition.