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3. Evaluating assumptions of scales for subjective assessment of thermal environments – Do laypersons perceive them the way, we researchers believe?

Author

Schweiker, Marcel, André, Maíra, Al-Atrash, Farah, Al-Khatri, Hanan, Alprianti, Rea Risky, Alsaad, Hayder, Amin, Rucha, Ampatzi, Eleni, Arsano, Alpha Yacob, Azar, Elie, Bannazadeh, Bahareh, Batagarawa, Amina, Becker, Susanne, Buonocore, Carolina, Cao, Bin, Choi, Joon-Ho, Chun, Chungyoon, Daanen, Hein, Damiati, Siti Aisyah, Daniel, Lyrian, De Vecchi, Renata, Dhaka, Shivraj, Domínguez-Amarillo, Samuel, Dudkiewicz, Edyta, Edappilly, Lakshmi Prabha, Fernández-Agüera, Jesica, Folkerts, Mireille, Frijns, Arjan, Gaona, Gabriel, Garg, Vishal, Gauthier, Stephanie, Jabbari, Shahla Ghaffari, Harimi, Djamila, Hellwig, Runa T, Huebner, Gesche M, Jin, Quan, Jowkar, Mina, Kim, Jungsoo, King, Nelson, Kingma, Boris, Koerniawan, M Donny, Kolarik, Jakub, Kumar, Shailendra, Kwok, Alison, Lamberts, Roberto, Laska, Marta, Lee, MC Jeffrey, Lee, Yoonhee, Lindermayr, Vanessa, Mahaki, Mohammadbagher, Marcel-Okafor, Udochukwu, Marín-Restrepo, Laura, Marquardsen, Anna, Martellotta, Francesco, Mathur, Jyotirmay, Mino-Rodriguez, Isabel, Montazami, Azadeh, Mou, Di, Moujalled, Bassam, Nakajima, Mia, Ng, Edward, Okafor, Marcellinus, Olweny, Mark, Ouyang, Wanlu, de Abreu, Ana Lígia Papst, Pérez-Fargallo, Alexis, Rajapaksha, Indrika, Ramos, Greici, Rashid, Saif, Reinhart, Christoph F, Rivera, Ma Isabel, Salmanzadeh, Mazyar, Schakib-Ekbatan, Karin, Schiavon, Stefano, Shooshtarian, Salman, Shukuya, Masanori, Soebarto, Veronica, Suhendri, Suhendri, Tahsildoost, Mohammad, Tartarini, Federico, Teli, Despoina, Tewari, Priyam, Thapa, Samar, Trebilcock, Maureen, Trojan, Jörg, Tukur, Ruqayyatu B, Voelker, Conrad, Yam, Yeung, Yang, Liu, Zapata-Lancaster, Gabriela, Zhai, Yongchao, Zhu, Yingxin, and Zomorodian, ZahraSadat

Subjects
Thermal comfort, Thermal sensation, Thermal acceptance, Field study, Scales, Post-Occupancy-Evaluation: Climatic zone, Season, Language, Adaptation, Diversity, Engineering, Built Environment and Design, Building & Construction
Abstract

People's subjective response to any thermal environment is commonly investigated by using rating scales describing the degree of thermal sensation, comfort, and acceptability. Subsequent analyses of results collected in this way rely on the assumption that specific distances between verbal anchors placed on the scale exist and that relationships between verbal anchors from different dimensions that are assessed (e.g. thermal sensation and comfort) do not change. Another inherent assumption is that such scales are independent of the context in which they are used (climate zone, season, etc.). Despite their use worldwide, there is indication that contextual differences influence the way the scales are perceived and therefore question the reliability of the scales’ interpretation. To address this issue, a large international collaborative questionnaire study was conducted in 26 countries, using 21 different languages, which led to a dataset of 8225 questionnaires. Results, analysed by means of robust statistical techniques, revealed that only a subset of the responses are in accordance with the mentioned assumptions. Significant differences appeared between groups of participants in their perception of the scales, both in relation to distances of the anchors and relationships between scales. It was also found that respondents’ interpretations of scales changed with contextual factors, such as climate, season, and language. These findings highlight the need to carefully consider context-dependent factors in interpreting and reporting results from thermal comfort studies or post-occupancy evaluations, as well as to revisit the use of rating scales and the analysis methods used in thermal comfort studies to improve their reliability.

Published
2020

4. Publisher Correction: The Scales Project, a cross-national dataset on the interpretation of thermal perception scales.

Author

Schweiker, Marcel, Abdul-Zahra, Amar, André, Maíra, Al-Atrash, Farah, Al-Khatri, Hanan, Alprianti, Rea, Alsaad, Hayder, Amin, Rucha, Ampatzi, Eleni, Arsano, Alpha, Azadeh, Montazami, Azar, Elie, Bahareh, Bannazadeh, Batagarawa, Amina, Becker, Susanne, Buonocore, Carolina, Cao, Bin, Choi, Joon-Ho, Chun, Chungyoon, Daanen, Hein, Damiati, Siti, Daniel, Lyrian, Vecchi, Renata, Dhaka, Shivraj, Domínguez-Amarillo, Samuel, Dudkiewicz, Edyta, Edappilly, Lakshmi, Fernández-Agüera, Jesica, Folkerts, Mireille, Frijns, Arjan, Gaona, Gabriel, Garg, Vishal, Gauthier, Stephanie, Jabbari, Shahla, Harimi, Djamila, Hellwig, Runa, Huebner, Gesche, Jin, Quan, Jowkar, Mina, Kania, Renate, Kim, Jungsoo, King, Nelson, Kingma, Boris, Koerniawan, M, Kolarik, Jakub, Kumar, Shailendra, Kwok, Alison, Lamberts, Roberto, Laska, Marta, Lee, M, Lee, Yoonhee, Lindermayr, Vanessa, Mahaki, Mohammadbagher, Marcel-Okafor, Udochukwu, Marín-Restrepo, Laura, Marquardsen, Anna, Martellotta, Francesco, Mathur, Jyotirmay, McGill, Gráinne, Mino-Rodriguez, Isabel, Mou, Di, Moujalled, Bassam, Nakajima, Mia, Ng, Edward, Okafor, Marcellinus, Olweny, Mark, Ouyang, Wanlu, Papst de Abreu, Ana, Pérez-Fargallo, Alexis, Rajapaksha, Indrika, Ramos, Greici, Rashid, Saif, Reinhart, Christoph, Rivera, Ma, Salmanzadeh, Mazyar, Schakib-Ekbatan, Karin, Schiavon, Stefano, Shooshtarian, Salman, Shukuya, Masanori, Soebarto, Veronica, Tahsildoost, Mohammad, Tartarini, Federico, Teli, Despoina, Tewari, Priyam, Thapa, Samar, Trebilcock, Maureen, Trojan, Jörg, Tukur, Ruqayyatu, Voelker, Conrad, Yam, Yeung, Yang, Liu, Zapata-Lancaster, Gabriela, Zhai, Yongchao, Zhu, Yingxin, and Zomorodian, Zahra

Abstract

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Published
2020

7. The Scales Project, a cross-national dataset on the interpretation of thermal perception scales.

Author

Schweiker, Marcel, Abdul-Zahra, Amar, André, Maíra, Al-Atrash, Farah, Al-Khatri, Hanan, Alprianti, Rea, Alsaad, Hayder, Amin, Rucha, Ampatzi, Eleni, Arsano, Alpha, Azadeh, Montazami, Azar, Elie, Bahareh, Bannazadeh, Batagarawa, Amina, Becker, Susanne, Buonocore, Carolina, Cao, Bin, Choi, Joon-Ho, Chun, Chungyoon, Daanen, Hein, Damiati, Siti, Daniel, Lyrian, Vecchi, Renata, Dhaka, Shivraj, Domínguez-Amarillo, Samuel, Dudkiewicz, Edyta, Edappilly, Lakshmi, Fernández-Agüera, Jesica, Folkerts, Mireille, Frijns, Arjan, Gaona, Gabriel, Garg, Vishal, Gauthier, Stephanie, Jabbari, Shahla, Harimi, Djamila, Hellwig, Runa, Huebner, Gesche, Jin, Quan, Jowkar, Mina, Kania, Renate, Kim, Jungsoo, King, Nelson, Kingma, Boris, Koerniawan, M, Kolarik, Jakub, Kumar, Shailendra, Kwok, Alison, Lamberts, Roberto, Laska, Marta, Lee, M, Lee, Yoonhee, Lindermayr, Vanessa, Mahaki, Mohammadbagher, Marcel-Okafor, Udochukwu, Marín-Restrepo, Laura, Marquardsen, Anna, Martellotta, Francesco, Mathur, Jyotirmay, McGill, Gráinne, Mino-Rodriguez, Isabel, Mou, Di, Moujalled, Bassam, Nakajima, Mia, Ng, Edward, Okafor, Marcellinus, Olweny, Mark, Ouyang, Wanlu, Papst de Abreu, Ana, Pérez-Fargallo, Alexis, Rajapaksha, Indrika, Ramos, Greici, Rashid, Saif, Reinhart, Christoph, Rivera, Ma, Salmanzadeh, Mazyar, Schakib-Ekbatan, Karin, Schiavon, Stefano, Shooshtarian, Salman, Shukuya, Masanori, Soebarto, Veronica, Tahsildoost, Mohammad, Tartarini, Federico, Teli, Despoina, Tewari, Priyam, Thapa, Samar, Trebilcock, Maureen, Trojan, Jörg, Tukur, Ruqayyatu, Voelker, Conrad, Yam, Yeung, Yang, Liu, Zapata-Lancaster, Gabriela, Zhai, Yongchao, Zhu, Yingxin, and Zomorodian, Zahra

Abstract

Thermal discomfort is one of the main triggers for occupants interactions with components of the built environment such as adjustments of thermostats and/or opening windows and strongly related to the energy use in buildings. Understanding causes for thermal (dis-)comfort is crucial for design and operation of any type of building. The assessment of human thermal perception through rating scales, for example in post-occupancy studies, has been applied for several decades; however, long-existing assumptions related to these rating scales had been questioned by several researchers. The aim of this study was to gain deeper knowledge on contextual influences on the interpretation of thermal perception scales and their verbal anchors by survey participants. A questionnaire was designed and consequently applied in 21 language versions. These surveys were conducted in 57 cities in 30 countries resulting in a dataset containing responses from 8225 participants. The database offers potential for further analysis in the areas of building design and operation, psycho-physical relationships between human perception and the built environment, and linguistic analyses.

Published
2019

12. Contextual differences in the interpretation of thermal perception scales – the data base from a large-scale international questionnaire study

Author

Schweiker, Marcel, Al-Atrash, Farah, Al-Khatri, Hanan, Alsaad, Hayder, Amin, Rucha, Ampatzi, Eleni, Arsano, Alpha, Azar, Elie, Bannazadeh, Bahareh, Batagarawa, Amina, Becker, Susanne, Choi, Joon-Ho, Chun, Chungyoon, Damiati, Siti, Daniel, Lyrian, De Vecchi, Renata, Dhaka, Shivraj, Djamila, Harimi, Dominguez-Amarillo, Samuel, Dudkiewicz, Edyta, Edappilly, Lakshmi, Efeoma, Meshack, FERNANDEZ-AGUERA, JESICA, Folkerts, Mireille, Frijns, Arjan, Jabbari, shahla, Gaona, Gabriel, Gauthier, Stephanie, Hellwig, Runa, Huebner, Gesche, Jin, Quan, Jowkar, Mina, Kania, Renate, Kim, Jungsoo, Kim, Minjung, Koerniawan, Mochamad, Kolarik, Jakub, Kumar, Shailendra, Kwok, Alison, Lamberts, Roberto, Laotan-Brown, Tokie, Laska, Marta, Lee, Jeffrey, Marín-Restrepo, Laura, Marcel-Okafor, Udochukwu, Martellotta, Francesco, McGill, Gráinne, Mino, Isabel, Mou, Di, Moujalled, Bassam, Mulville, Mark, C, Balaji, Nakajima, Mia, Olweny, Mark, OUYANG, Wanlu, Fargallo, Alexis, Rajapaksha, Indrika, Ramos, Greici, Rashid, Saif, Rivera, Isabel, Sadun, Amar, Salmanzadeh, Mazyar, Schakib-Ekbatan, Karin, Schiavon, Stefano, Shukuya, Masanori, Suhendri, Tartarini, Federico, Teli, Despoina, Tewari, Priyam, Thapa, Samar, Trojan, Jörg, Okafor, Marcellinus, Voelker, Conrad, Zapata-Lancaster, Gabriela, Zhai, Yongchao, and Zomorodian, Mahsa

Subjects
thermal acceptance, language, thermal sensation, free-positioning task, thermal comfort, questionnaire, scales, thermal perception, climate
Abstract

Within the IEA EBC Annex 69 on Strategy and Practice of Adaptive Thermal Comfort in Low Energy Buildings (http://annex69.org/), we are conducting an international questionnaire study related to thermal comfort scales. Our objective is the analysis of influences on the perception of thermal comfort scales. In particular, we are looking at the effect of the current thermal state, peoples climatic background, and level of adaptation on the relationship between thermal sensation, thermal comfort, and thermal acceptance.

Published
2022
Full Text
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13. Contextual differences in the interpretation of thermal perception scales – a large-scale international questionnaire study

Author

Schweiker, Marcel, Al-Khatri, Hanan, Alsaad, Hayder, Amin, Rucha, Arsano, Alpha, Bannazadeh, Bahareh, Batagarawa, Amina, Becker, Susanne, Choi, Joon-Ho, Chun, Chungyoon, Damiati, Siti, Daniel, Lyrian, Dhaka, Shivraj, Djamila, Harimi, Dominguez-Amarillo, Samuel, Efeoma, Meshack, Folkerts, Mireille, Frijns, Arjan, Gauthier, Stephanie, Huebner, Gesche, Jin, Quan, Kim, Jungsoo, Kim, Minjung, Kolarik, Jakub, Kwak, Jiyoung, Kwok, Alison, Laotan-Brown, Tokie, Lee, Jeffrey, McGill, Gráinne, Marín-Restrepo, Laura, Di Mou, Mulville, Mark, C, Balaji, OUYANG, Wanlu, Rashid, Saif, Rivera, Isabel, Salmanzadeh, Mazyar, Schakib‐Ekbatan, Karin, Schiavon, Stefano, Teli, Despoina, Voelker, Conrad, Zapata-Lancaster, Gabriela, Zomorodian, Mahsa, Kania, Renate, Thapa, Samar, Okafor, Marcellinus, Edappilly, Lakshmi, Hellwig, Runa, and Marcel-Okafor, Udochukwu

Abstract

Within the IEA EBC Annex 69 on Strategy and Practice of Adaptive Thermal Comfort in Low Energy Buildings (http://annex69.org/), we are conducting an international questionnaire study related to thermal comfort scales. Our objective is the analysis of influences on the perception of thermal comfort scales. In particular, we are looking at the effect of the current thermal state, peoples climatic background, and level of adaptation on the relationship between thermal sensation, thermal comfort, and thermal acceptance.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

14. Publisher Correction:The Scales Project, a cross-national dataset on the interpretation of thermal perception scales

Author

Schweiker, Marcel, Abdul-Zahra, Amar, André, Maíra, Al-Atrash, Farah, Al-Khatri, Hanan, Alprianti, Rea Risky, Alsaad, Hayder, Amin, Rucha, Ampatzi, Eleni, Arsano, Alpha Yacob, Azadeh, Montazami, Azar, Elie, Bahareh, Bannazadeh, Batagarawa, Amina, Becker, Susanne, Buonocore, Carolina, Cao, Bin, Choi, Joon Ho, Chun, Chungyoon, Daanen, Hein, Damiati, Siti Aisyah, Daniel, Lyrian, De Vecchi, Renata, Dhaka, Shivraj, Domínguez Amarillo, Samuel, Dudkiewicz, Edyta, Edappilly, Lakshmi Prabha, Fernández-Agüera Escudero, Jessica, Folkerts, Mireille, Frijns, Arjan, Gaona, Gabriel, Garg, Vishal, Gauthier, Stephanie, Jabbari, Shahla Ghaffari, Harimi, Djamila, Hellwig, Runa T., Huebner, Gesche M., Jin, Quan, Jowkar, Mina, Kania, Renate, Kim, Jungsoo, King, Nelson, Kingma, Boris, Koerniawan, M. Donny, Kolarik, Jakub, Kumar, Shailendra, Kwok, Alison, Lamberts, Roberto, Laska, Marta, Lee, M. C.Jeffrey, Lee, Yoonhee, Lindermayr, Vanessa, Mahaki, Mohammadbagher, Marcel-Okafor, Udochukwu, Marín Restrepo, Laura, Marquardsen, Anna, Martellotta, Francesco, Mathur, Jyotirmay, McGill, Gráinne, Mino Rodríguez, Isabel, Mou, Di, Moujalled, Bassam, Nakajima, Mia, Ng, Edward, Okafor, Marcellinus, Olweny, Mark, Ouyang, Wanlu, Papst de Abreu, Ana Lígia, Pérez Fargallo, Alexis, Rajapaksha, Indrika, Ramos, Greici, Rashid, Saif, Reinhart, Christoph F., Rivera, María Isabel, Salmanzadeh, Mazyar, Schakib-Ekbatan, Karin, Schiavon, Stefano, Shooshtarian, Salman, Shukuya, Masanori, Soebarto, Veronica, Suhendri, Suhendri, Tahsildoost, Mohammad, Tartarini, Federico, Teli, Despoina, Tewari, Priyam, Thapa, Samar, Trebilcock, Maureen, Trojan, Jörg, Tukur, Ruqayyatu B., Voelker, Conrad, Yam, Yeung, Yang, Liu, Zapata Lancaster, Gabriela, Zhai, Yongchao, Zhu, Yingxin, Zomorodian, Zahra Sadat, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA), and Universidad de Sevilla. TEP130: Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Sostenibilidad: Acústica, Iluminación, Óptica y Energía

Published
2020

15. Erratum: Publisher Correction: The Scales Project, a cross-national dataset on the interpretation of thermal perception scales (Scientific data (2019) 6 1 (289))

Author

Schweiker, Marcel, Abdul-Zahra, Amar, André, Maíra, Al-Atrash, Farah, Al-Khatri, Hanan, Alprianti, Rea Risky, Alsaad, Hayder, Amin, Rucha, Ampatzi, Eleni, Arsano, Alpha Yacob, Azadeh, Montazami, Azar, Elie, Bahareh, Bannazadeh, Batagarawa, Amina, Becker, Susanne, Buonocore, Carolina, Cao, Bin, Choi, Joon Ho, Chun, Chungyoon, Daanen, Hein, Damiati, Siti Aisyah, Daniel, Lyrian, Vecchi, Renata De, Dhaka, Shivraj, Domínguez-Amarillo, Samuel, Dudkiewicz, Edyta, Edappilly, Lakshmi Prabha, Fernández-Agüera, Jesica, Folkerts, Mireille, Frijns, Arjan, Gaona, Gabriel, Garg, Vishal, Gauthier, Stephanie, Jabbari, Shahla Ghaffari, Harimi, Djamila, Hellwig, Runa T., Huebner, Gesche M., Jin, Quan, Jowkar, Mina, Kania, Renate, Kim, Jungsoo, King, Nelson, Kingma, Boris, Koerniawan, M. Donny, Kolarik, Jakub, Kumar, Shailendra, Kwok, Alison, Lamberts, Roberto, Laska, Marta, Lee, M. C.Jeffrey, Lee, Yoonhee, Lindermayr, Vanessa, Mahaki, Mohammadbagher, Marcel-Okafor, Udochukwu, Marín-Restrepo, Laura, Marquardsen, Anna, Martellotta, Francesco, Mathur, Jyotirmay, McGill, Gráinne, Mino-Rodriguez, Isabel, Mou, Di, Moujalled, Bassam, Nakajima, Mia, Ng, Edward, Okafor, Marcellinus, Olweny, Mark, Ouyang, Wanlu, Papst de Abreu, Ana Ligia, Pérez-Fargallo, Alexis, Rajapaksha, Indrika, Ramos, Greici, Rashid, Saif, Reinhart, Christoph F., Rivera, Ma Isabel, Salmanzadeh, Mazyar, Schakib-Ekbatan, Karin, Schiavon, Stefano, Shooshtarian, Salman, Shukuya, Masanori, Soebarto, Veronica, Suhendri, Tahsildoost, Mohammad, Tartarini, Federico, Teli, Despoina, Tewari, Priyam, Thapa, Samar, Trebilcock, Maureen, Trojan, Jörg, Tukur, Ruqayyatu B., Voelker, Conrad, Yam, Yeung, Yang, Liu, Zapata-Lancaster, Gabriela, Zhai, Yongchao, Zhu, Yingxin, Zomorodian, Zahra Sadat, Physiology, and Amsterdam Movement Sciences

Subjects
SDG 16 - Peace, SDG 16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions, Justice and Strong Institutions
Abstract

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

16. Evaluating assumptions of scales for subjective assessment of thermal environments – Do laypersons perceive them the way, we researchers believe?

Author

Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA), Universidad de Sevilla. TEP130: Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Sostenibilidad: Acústica, Iluminación, Óptica y Energía, Schweiker, Marcel, André, Maíra, Al-Atrash, Farah, Al-Khatri, Hanan, Alprianti, Rea Risky, Alsaad, Hayder, Amin, Rucha, Ampatzi, Eleni, Arsano, Alpha Yacob, Azar, Elie, Bannazadeh, Bahareh, Batagarawa, Amina, Becker, Susanne, Buonocore, Carolina, Cao, Bin, Choi, Joon Ho, Chun, Chungyoon, Daanen, Hein, Damiati, Siti Aisyah, Daniel, Lyrian, De Vecchi, Renata, Dhaka, Shivraj, Domínguez Amarillo, Samuel, Dudkiewicz, Edyta, Edappilly, Lakshmi Prabha, Fernández-Agüera Escudero, Jessica, Folkerts, Mireille, Frijns, Arjan, Gaona, Gabriel, Garg, Vishal, Gauthier, Stephanie, Jabbari, Shahla Ghaffari, Harimi, Djamila, Hellwig, Runa T., Huebner, Gesche M., Jin, Quan, Jowkar, Mina, Kim, Jungsoo, King, Nelson, Kingma, Boris, Koerniawan, M. Donny, Kolarik, Jakub, Kumar, Shailendra, Kwok, Alison, Lamberts, Roberto, Laska, Marta, Lee, M. C. Jeffrey, Lee, Yoonhee, Lindermayr, Vanessa, Mahaki, Mohammadbagher, Marcel-Okafor, Udochukwu, Marín Restrepo, Laura, Marquardsen, Anna, Martellotta, Francesco, Mathur, Jyotirmay, Mino Rodríguez, Isabel, Montazami, Azadeh, Mou, Di, Moujalled, Bassam, Nakajima, Mia, Ng, Edward, Okafor, Marcellinus, Olweny, Mark, Ouyang, Wanlu, Papst de Abreu, Ana Lígia, Pérez Fargallo, Alexis, Rajapaksha, Indrika, Ramos, Greici, Rashid, Saif, Reinhart, Christoph F., Rivera, María Isabel, Salmanzadeh, Mazyar, Schakib-Ekbatan, Karin, Schiavon, Stefano, Shooshtarian, Salman, Shukuya, Masanori, Soebarto, Veronica, Suhendri, Suhendri, Tahsildoost, Mohammad, Tartarini, Federico, Tewari, Priyam, Thapa, Samar, Trebilcock, Maureen, Trojan, Jörg, Tukur, Ruqayyatu B., Voelker, Conrad, Yam, Yeung, Yang, Liu, Zapata Lancaster, Gabriela, Zhai, Yongchao, Zhu, Yingxin, Zomorodian, Zahra Sadat, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA), Universidad de Sevilla. TEP130: Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Sostenibilidad: Acústica, Iluminación, Óptica y Energía, Schweiker, Marcel, André, Maíra, Al-Atrash, Farah, Al-Khatri, Hanan, Alprianti, Rea Risky, Alsaad, Hayder, Amin, Rucha, Ampatzi, Eleni, Arsano, Alpha Yacob, Azar, Elie, Bannazadeh, Bahareh, Batagarawa, Amina, Becker, Susanne, Buonocore, Carolina, Cao, Bin, Choi, Joon Ho, Chun, Chungyoon, Daanen, Hein, Damiati, Siti Aisyah, Daniel, Lyrian, De Vecchi, Renata, Dhaka, Shivraj, Domínguez Amarillo, Samuel, Dudkiewicz, Edyta, Edappilly, Lakshmi Prabha, Fernández-Agüera Escudero, Jessica, Folkerts, Mireille, Frijns, Arjan, Gaona, Gabriel, Garg, Vishal, Gauthier, Stephanie, Jabbari, Shahla Ghaffari, Harimi, Djamila, Hellwig, Runa T., Huebner, Gesche M., Jin, Quan, Jowkar, Mina, Kim, Jungsoo, King, Nelson, Kingma, Boris, Koerniawan, M. Donny, Kolarik, Jakub, Kumar, Shailendra, Kwok, Alison, Lamberts, Roberto, Laska, Marta, Lee, M. C. Jeffrey, Lee, Yoonhee, Lindermayr, Vanessa, Mahaki, Mohammadbagher, Marcel-Okafor, Udochukwu, Marín Restrepo, Laura, Marquardsen, Anna, Martellotta, Francesco, Mathur, Jyotirmay, Mino Rodríguez, Isabel, Montazami, Azadeh, Mou, Di, Moujalled, Bassam, Nakajima, Mia, Ng, Edward, Okafor, Marcellinus, Olweny, Mark, Ouyang, Wanlu, Papst de Abreu, Ana Lígia, Pérez Fargallo, Alexis, Rajapaksha, Indrika, Ramos, Greici, Rashid, Saif, Reinhart, Christoph F., Rivera, María Isabel, Salmanzadeh, Mazyar, Schakib-Ekbatan, Karin, Schiavon, Stefano, Shooshtarian, Salman, Shukuya, Masanori, Soebarto, Veronica, Suhendri, Suhendri, Tahsildoost, Mohammad, Tartarini, Federico, Tewari, Priyam, Thapa, Samar, Trebilcock, Maureen, Trojan, Jörg, Tukur, Ruqayyatu B., Voelker, Conrad, Yam, Yeung, Yang, Liu, Zapata Lancaster, Gabriela, Zhai, Yongchao, Zhu, Yingxin, and Zomorodian, Zahra Sadat

Abstract

People's subjective response to any thermal environment is commonly investigated by using rating scales describing the degree of thermal sensation, comfort, and acceptability. Subsequent analyses of results collected in this way rely on the assumption that specific distances between verbal anchors placed on the scale exist and that relationships between verbal anchors from different dimensions that are assessed (e.g. thermal sensation and comfort) do not change. Another inherent assumption is that such scales are independent of the context in which they are used (climate zone, season, etc.). Despite their use worldwide, there is indication that contextual differences influence the way the scales are perceived and therefore question the reliability of the scales’ interpretation. To address this issue, a large international collaborative questionnaire study was conducted in 26 countries, using 21 different languages, which led to a dataset of 8225 questionnaires. Results, analysed by means of robust statistical techniques, revealed that only a subset of the responses are in accordance with the mentioned assumptions. Significant differences appeared between groups of participants in their perception of the scales, both in relation to distances of the anchors and relationships between scales. It was also found that respondents’ interpretations of scales changed with contextual factors, such as climate, season, and language. These findings highlight the need to carefully consider context-dependent factors in interpreting and reporting results from thermal comfort studies or post-occupancy evaluations, as well as to revisit the use of rating scales and the analysis methods used in thermal comfort studies to improve their reliability.

Published
2020

17. Publisher Correction:The Scales Project, a cross-national dataset on the interpretation of thermal perception scales

Author

Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA), Universidad de Sevilla. TEP130: Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Sostenibilidad: Acústica, Iluminación, Óptica y Energía, Schweiker, Marcel, Abdul-Zahra, Amar, André, Maíra, Al-Atrash, Farah, Al-Khatri, Hanan, Alprianti, Rea Risky, Alsaad, Hayder, Amin, Rucha, Ampatzi, Eleni, Arsano, Alpha Yacob, Azadeh, Montazami, Azar, Elie, Bahareh, Bannazadeh, Batagarawa, Amina, Becker, Susanne, Buonocore, Carolina, Cao, Bin, Choi, Joon Ho, Chun, Chungyoon, Daanen, Hein, Damiati, Siti Aisyah, Daniel, Lyrian, De Vecchi, Renata, Dhaka, Shivraj, Domínguez Amarillo, Samuel, Dudkiewicz, Edyta, Edappilly, Lakshmi Prabha, Fernández-Agüera Escudero, Jessica, Folkerts, Mireille, Frijns, Arjan, Gaona, Gabriel, Garg, Vishal, Gauthier, Stephanie, Jabbari, Shahla Ghaffari, Harimi, Djamila, Hellwig, Runa T., Huebner, Gesche M., Jin, Quan, Jowkar, Mina, Kania, Renate, Kim, Jungsoo, King, Nelson, Kingma, Boris, Koerniawan, M. Donny, Kolarik, Jakub, Kumar, Shailendra, Kwok, Alison, Lamberts, Roberto, Laska, Marta, Lee, M. C.Jeffrey, Lee, Yoonhee, Lindermayr, Vanessa, Mahaki, Mohammadbagher, Marcel-Okafor, Udochukwu, Marín Restrepo, Laura, Marquardsen, Anna, Martellotta, Francesco, Mathur, Jyotirmay, McGill, Gráinne, Mino Rodríguez, Isabel, Mou, Di, Moujalled, Bassam, Nakajima, Mia, Ng, Edward, Okafor, Marcellinus, Olweny, Mark, Ouyang, Wanlu, Papst de Abreu, Ana Lígia, Pérez Fargallo, Alexis, Rajapaksha, Indrika, Ramos, Greici, Rashid, Saif, Reinhart, Christoph F., Rivera, María Isabel, Salmanzadeh, Mazyar, Schakib-Ekbatan, Karin, Schiavon, Stefano, Shooshtarian, Salman, Shukuya, Masanori, Soebarto, Veronica, Suhendri, Suhendri, Tahsildoost, Mohammad, Tartarini, Federico, Teli, Despoina, Tewari, Priyam, Thapa, Samar, Trebilcock, Maureen, Trojan, Jörg, Tukur, Ruqayyatu B., Voelker, Conrad, Yam, Yeung, Yang, Liu, Zapata Lancaster, Gabriela, Zhai, Yongchao, Zhu, Yingxin, Zomorodian, Zahra Sadat, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA), Universidad de Sevilla. TEP130: Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Sostenibilidad: Acústica, Iluminación, Óptica y Energía, Schweiker, Marcel, Abdul-Zahra, Amar, André, Maíra, Al-Atrash, Farah, Al-Khatri, Hanan, Alprianti, Rea Risky, Alsaad, Hayder, Amin, Rucha, Ampatzi, Eleni, Arsano, Alpha Yacob, Azadeh, Montazami, Azar, Elie, Bahareh, Bannazadeh, Batagarawa, Amina, Becker, Susanne, Buonocore, Carolina, Cao, Bin, Choi, Joon Ho, Chun, Chungyoon, Daanen, Hein, Damiati, Siti Aisyah, Daniel, Lyrian, De Vecchi, Renata, Dhaka, Shivraj, Domínguez Amarillo, Samuel, Dudkiewicz, Edyta, Edappilly, Lakshmi Prabha, Fernández-Agüera Escudero, Jessica, Folkerts, Mireille, Frijns, Arjan, Gaona, Gabriel, Garg, Vishal, Gauthier, Stephanie, Jabbari, Shahla Ghaffari, Harimi, Djamila, Hellwig, Runa T., Huebner, Gesche M., Jin, Quan, Jowkar, Mina, Kania, Renate, Kim, Jungsoo, King, Nelson, Kingma, Boris, Koerniawan, M. Donny, Kolarik, Jakub, Kumar, Shailendra, Kwok, Alison, Lamberts, Roberto, Laska, Marta, Lee, M. C.Jeffrey, Lee, Yoonhee, Lindermayr, Vanessa, Mahaki, Mohammadbagher, Marcel-Okafor, Udochukwu, Marín Restrepo, Laura, Marquardsen, Anna, Martellotta, Francesco, Mathur, Jyotirmay, McGill, Gráinne, Mino Rodríguez, Isabel, Mou, Di, Moujalled, Bassam, Nakajima, Mia, Ng, Edward, Okafor, Marcellinus, Olweny, Mark, Ouyang, Wanlu, Papst de Abreu, Ana Lígia, Pérez Fargallo, Alexis, Rajapaksha, Indrika, Ramos, Greici, Rashid, Saif, Reinhart, Christoph F., Rivera, María Isabel, Salmanzadeh, Mazyar, Schakib-Ekbatan, Karin, Schiavon, Stefano, Shooshtarian, Salman, Shukuya, Masanori, Soebarto, Veronica, Suhendri, Suhendri, Tahsildoost, Mohammad, Tartarini, Federico, Teli, Despoina, Tewari, Priyam, Thapa, Samar, Trebilcock, Maureen, Trojan, Jörg, Tukur, Ruqayyatu B., Voelker, Conrad, Yam, Yeung, Yang, Liu, Zapata Lancaster, Gabriela, Zhai, Yongchao, Zhu, Yingxin, and Zomorodian, Zahra Sadat

Published
2020

18. Evaluating assumptions of scales for subjective assessment of thermal environments – Do laypersons perceive them the way, we researchers believe?

Author

Schweiker, Marcel, primary, André, Maíra, additional, Al-Atrash, Farah, additional, Al-Khatri, Hanan, additional, Alprianti, Rea Risky, additional, Alsaad, Hayder, additional, Amin, Rucha, additional, Ampatzi, Eleni, additional, Arsano, Alpha Yacob, additional, Azar, Elie, additional, Bannazadeh, Bahareh, additional, Batagarawa, Amina, additional, Becker, Susanne, additional, Buonocore, Carolina, additional, Cao, Bin, additional, Choi, Joon-Ho, additional, Chun, Chungyoon, additional, Daanen, Hein, additional, Damiati, Siti Aisyah, additional, Daniel, Lyrian, additional, De Vecchi, Renata, additional, Dhaka, Shivraj, additional, Domínguez-Amarillo, Samuel, additional, Dudkiewicz, Edyta, additional, Edappilly, Lakshmi Prabha, additional, Fernández-Agüera, Jesica, additional, Folkerts, Mireille, additional, Frijns, Arjan, additional, Gaona, Gabriel, additional, Garg, Vishal, additional, Gauthier, Stephanie, additional, Jabbari, Shahla Ghaffari, additional, Harimi, Djamila, additional, Hellwig, Runa T., additional, Huebner, Gesche M, additional, Jin, Quan, additional, Jowkar, Mina, additional, Kim, Jungsoo, additional, King, Nelson, additional, Kingma, Boris, additional, Koerniawan, M. Donny, additional, Kolarik, Jakub, additional, Kumar, Shailendra, additional, Kwok, Alison, additional, Lamberts, Roberto, additional, Laska, Marta, additional, Lee, M.C. Jeffrey, additional, Lee, Yoonhee, additional, Lindermayr, Vanessa, additional, Mahaki, Mohammadbagher, additional, Marcel-Okafor, Udochukwu, additional, Marín-Restrepo, Laura, additional, Marquardsen, Anna, additional, Martellotta, Francesco, additional, Mathur, Jyotirmay, additional, Mino-Rodriguez, Isabel, additional, Montazami, Azadeh, additional, Mou, Di, additional, Moujalled, Bassam, additional, Nakajima, Mia, additional, Ng, Edward, additional, Okafor, Marcellinus, additional, Olweny, Mark, additional, Ouyang, Wanlu, additional, Papst de Abreu, Ana Lígia, additional, Pérez-Fargallo, Alexis, additional, Rajapaksha, Indrika, additional, Ramos, Greici, additional, Rashid, Saif, additional, Reinhart, Christoph F., additional, Rivera, Ma. Isabel, additional, Salmanzadeh, Mazyar, additional, Schakib-Ekbatan, Karin, additional, Schiavon, Stefano, additional, Shooshtarian, Salman, additional, Shukuya, Masanori, additional, Soebarto, Veronica, additional, Suhendri, Suhendri, additional, Tahsildoost, Mohammad, additional, Tartarini, Federico, additional, Teli, Despoina, additional, Tewari, Priyam, additional, Thapa, Samar, additional, Trebilcock, Maureen, additional, Trojan, Jörg, additional, Tukur, Ruqayyatu B., additional, Voelker, Conrad, additional, Yam, Yeung, additional, Yang, Liu, additional, Zapata-Lancaster, Gabriela, additional, Zhai, Yongchao, additional, Zhu, Yingxin, additional, and Zomorodian, ZahraSadat, additional

Published
2020
Full Text
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19. The Scales Project, a cross-national dataset on the interpretation of thermal perception scales : [Data descriptor]

Author

Schweiker, Marcel, Abdul-Zahra, Amar, André, Maíra, Al-Atrash, Farah, Al-Khatri, Hanan, Alprianti, Rea Risky, Alsaad, Hayder, Amin, Rucha, Ampatzi, Eleni, Arsano, Alpha Yacob, Azadeh, Montazami, Azar, Elie, Bahareh, Bannazadeh, Batagarawa, Amina, Becker, Susanne, Buonocore, Carolina, Cao, Bin, Choi, Joon-Ho, Chun, Chungyoon, Daanen, Hein, Damiati, Siti Aisyah, Daniel, Lyrian, Vecchi, Renata De, Dhaka, Shivraj, Domínguez-Amarillo, Samuel, Dudkiewicz, Edyta, Edappilly, Lakshmi Prabha, Fernández-Agüera, Jesica, Folkerts, Mireille, Frijns, Arjan, Gaona, Gabriel, Garg, Vishal, Gauthier, Stephanie, Jabbari, Shahla Ghaffari, Harimi, Djamila, Hellwig, Runa T., Huebner, Gesche M., Jin, Quan, Jowkar, Mina, Kania, Renate, Kim, Jungsoo, King, Nelson, Kingma, Boris, Koerniawan, M. Donny, Kolarik, Jakub, Kumar, Shailendra, Kwok, Alison, Lamberts, Roberto, Laska, Marta, Lee, M. C. Jeffrey, Lee, Yoonhee, Lindermayr, Vanessa, Mahaki, Mohammadbagher, Marcel-Okafor, Udochukwu, Marín-Restrepo, Laura, Marquardsen, Anna, Martellotta, Francesco, Mathur, Jyotirmay, McGill, Gráinne, Mino-Rodriguez, Isabel, Mou, Di, Moujalled, Bassam, Nakajima, Mia, Ng, Edward, Okafor, Marcellinus, Olweny, Mark, Ouyang, Wanlu, Papst de Abreu, Ana Ligia, Pérez-Fargallo, Alexis, Rajapaksha, Indrika, Ramos, Greici, Rashid, Saif, Reinhart, Christoph F., Rivera, Ma. Isabel, Salmanzadeh, Mazyar, Schakib-Ekbatan, Karin, Schiavon, Stefano, Shooshtarian, Salman, Shukuya, Masanori, Soebarto, Veronica, [Unknown], Suhendri, Tahsildoost, Mohammad, Tartarini, Federico, Teli, Despoina, Tewari, Priyam, Thapa, Samar, Trebilcock, Maureen, Trojan, Jörg, Tukur, Ruqayyatu B., Voelker, Conrad, Yam, Yeung, Yang, Liu, Zapata-Lancaster, Gabriela, Zhai, Yongchao, Zhu, Yingxin, and Zomorodian, Zahra Sadat

Subjects
TH
Abstract

Thermal discomfort is one of the main triggers for occupants’ interactions with components of the built environment such as adjustments of thermostats and/or opening windows and strongly related to the energy use in buildings. Understanding causes for thermal (dis-)comfort is crucial for design and operation of any type of building. The assessment of human thermal perception through rating scales, for example in post-occupancy studies, has been applied for several decades; however, long-existing assumptions related to these rating scales had been questioned by several researchers. The aim of this study was to gain deeper knowledge on contextual influences on the interpretation of thermal perception scales and their verbal anchors by survey participants. A questionnaire was designed and consequently applied in 21 language versions. These surveys were conducted in 57 cities in 30 countries resulting in a dataset containing responses from 8225 participants. The database offers potential for further analysis in the areas of building design and operation, psycho-physical relationships between human perception and the built environment, and linguistic analyses.

Published
2019

20. The Scales Project, a cross-national dataset on the interpretation of thermal perception scales

Author

Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA), Universidad de Sevilla. TEP130: Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Sostenibilidad: Acústica, Iluminación, Óptica y Energía, Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, National Natural Science Foundation of China, National Research Foundation of Korea, Marcel Schweiker, Amar Abdul-Zahra, André, Maíra, Al-Atrash, Farah, Al-Khatri, Hanan, Alprianti, Rea Risky, Alsaad, Hayder, Amin, Rucha, Ampatzi, Eleni, Arsano, Alpha Yacob, Montazami, Azadeh, Azar, Elie, Bahareh, Bannazadeh, Batagarawa, Amina, Becker, Susanne, Buonocore, Carolina, Cao, Bin, Choi, Joon Ho, Chun, Chungyoon, Daanen, Hein, Damiati, Siti Aisyah, Daniel, Lyrian, De Vecchi, Renata, Dhaka, Shivraj, Domínguez Amarillo, Samuel, Dudkiewicz, Edyta, Edappilly, Lakshmi Prabha, Fernández-Agüera, Jessica, Folkerts, Mireille, Frijns, Arjan, Gaona, Gabriel, Garg, Vishal, Gauthier, Stephanie, Jabbari, Shahla Ghaffari, Harimi, Djamila, Hellwig, Runa T., Huebner, Gesche M., Jin, Quan, Jowkar, Mina, Kania, Renate, Kim, Jungsoo, King, Nelson, Kingma, Boris, Koerniawan, M. Donny, Kolarik, Jakub, Kumar, Shailendra, Kwok, Alison, Lamberts, Roberto, Laska, Marta, Lee, M. C. Jeffrey, Lee, Yoonhee, Lindermayr, Vanessa, Mahaki, Mohammadbagher, Marcel-Okafor, Udochukwu, Olweny, Mark, Marín Restrepo, Laura, Marquardsen, Anna, Martellotta, Francesco, Mathur, Jyotirmay, McGill, Gráinne, Mino Rodríguez, Isabel, Mou, Di, Moujalled, Bassam, Nakajima, Mia, Ng, Edward, Ouyang, Wanlu, Papst de Abreu, Ana Lígia, Pérez Fargallo, Alexis, Rajapaksha, Indrika, Ramos, Greici, Rashid, Saif, Reinhart, Christoph F., Rivera, María Isabel, Salmanzadeh, Mazyar, Schakib-Ekbatan, Karin, Schiavon, Stefano, Shooshtarian, Salman, Shukuya, Masanori, Soebarto, Veronica, Suhendri, Suhendri, Tahsildoost, Mohammad, Tartarini, Federico, Teli, Despoina, Tewari, Priyam, Thapa, Samar, Trebilcock, Maureen, Trojan, Jörg, Tukur, Ruqayyatu B., Voelker, Conrad, Yam, Yeung, Yang, Liu, Zapata Lancaster, Gabriela, Zhai, Yongchao, Zhu, Yingxin, Zomorodian, Zahra Sadat, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas I (ETSA), Universidad de Sevilla. TEP130: Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Sostenibilidad: Acústica, Iluminación, Óptica y Energía, Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, National Natural Science Foundation of China, National Research Foundation of Korea, Marcel Schweiker, Amar Abdul-Zahra, André, Maíra, Al-Atrash, Farah, Al-Khatri, Hanan, Alprianti, Rea Risky, Alsaad, Hayder, Amin, Rucha, Ampatzi, Eleni, Arsano, Alpha Yacob, Montazami, Azadeh, Azar, Elie, Bahareh, Bannazadeh, Batagarawa, Amina, Becker, Susanne, Buonocore, Carolina, Cao, Bin, Choi, Joon Ho, Chun, Chungyoon, Daanen, Hein, Damiati, Siti Aisyah, Daniel, Lyrian, De Vecchi, Renata, Dhaka, Shivraj, Domínguez Amarillo, Samuel, Dudkiewicz, Edyta, Edappilly, Lakshmi Prabha, Fernández-Agüera, Jessica, Folkerts, Mireille, Frijns, Arjan, Gaona, Gabriel, Garg, Vishal, Gauthier, Stephanie, Jabbari, Shahla Ghaffari, Harimi, Djamila, Hellwig, Runa T., Huebner, Gesche M., Jin, Quan, Jowkar, Mina, Kania, Renate, Kim, Jungsoo, King, Nelson, Kingma, Boris, Koerniawan, M. Donny, Kolarik, Jakub, Kumar, Shailendra, Kwok, Alison, Lamberts, Roberto, Laska, Marta, Lee, M. C. Jeffrey, Lee, Yoonhee, Lindermayr, Vanessa, Mahaki, Mohammadbagher, Marcel-Okafor, Udochukwu, Olweny, Mark, Marín Restrepo, Laura, Marquardsen, Anna, Martellotta, Francesco, Mathur, Jyotirmay, McGill, Gráinne, Mino Rodríguez, Isabel, Mou, Di, Moujalled, Bassam, Nakajima, Mia, Ng, Edward, Ouyang, Wanlu, Papst de Abreu, Ana Lígia, Pérez Fargallo, Alexis, Rajapaksha, Indrika, Ramos, Greici, Rashid, Saif, Reinhart, Christoph F., Rivera, María Isabel, Salmanzadeh, Mazyar, Schakib-Ekbatan, Karin, Schiavon, Stefano, Shooshtarian, Salman, Shukuya, Masanori, Soebarto, Veronica, Suhendri, Suhendri, Tahsildoost, Mohammad, Tartarini, Federico, Teli, Despoina, Tewari, Priyam, Thapa, Samar, Trebilcock, Maureen, Trojan, Jörg, Tukur, Ruqayyatu B., Voelker, Conrad, Yam, Yeung, Yang, Liu, Zapata Lancaster, Gabriela, Zhai, Yongchao, Zhu, Yingxin, and Zomorodian, Zahra Sadat

Abstract

Thermal discomfort is one of the main triggers for occupants’ interactions with components of the built environment such as adjustments of thermostats and/or opening windows and strongly related to the energy use in buildings. Understanding causes for thermal (dis-)comfort is crucial for design and operation of any type of building. The assessment of human thermal perception through rating scales, for example in post-occupancy studies, has been applied for several decades; however, long-existing assumptions related to these rating scales had been questioned by several researchers. The aim of this study was to gain deeper knowledge on contextual influences on the interpretation of thermal perception scales and their verbal anchors by survey participants. A questionnaire was designed and consequently applied in 21 language versions. These surveys were conducted in 57 cities in 30 countries resulting in a dataset containing responses from 8225 participants. The database offers potential for further analysis in the areas of building design and operation, psycho-physical relationships between human perception and the built environment, and linguistic analyses.

Published
2019

21. Enhancing the Thermophysical Properties of Rammed Earth by Stabilizing with Corn Husk Ash

Author

Ayodeji Abodunrin Joshua, Lawal Sagada Musa, and Lawal Batagarawa Amina

Subjects
Rammed earth, Cracking, Thermal conductivity, Materials science, Thermal, engineering, Building material, Sandcrete, Composite material, engineering.material, Husk, Shrinkage
Abstract

Conventional building materials such as sandcrete and concrete blocks have high thermal conductivity and low specific heat capacity which increase thermal discomfort in comparison with rammed earth in buildings. However, rammed earth is susceptible to cracking as a result of shrinkage due the heating effect of the sun. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential of corn husk ash as a stabilizer for the production of rammed earth blocks to improve thermal comfort in buildings. Three different levels of stabilization (0%, 10% and 20%) using corn husk ash are adopted for this study, beyond which the strength of the material is known to fail. The samples are moulded and subjected to thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity and density tests. In general there is a significant improvement in the thermal conductivity of stabilized rammed earth blocks. From the thermal conductivity test results, thermal conductivities of 0.996 w/k.m–1, 0.637 w/k.m–1 and 0.489 w/k.m–1 were obtained for samples admixed with 0%, 10% and 20% corn husk ash, respectively. The 0%, 10% and 20% samples had heat capacities of 962.1 j/kg.K, 984.9 j/kg.K and 993.4 j/kg.K and density increased with the increase in the amount of ash from 862.3 kg/m3 to 942.5 kg/m3 and 959.5 kg/m3, respectively. Overall the 20% sample performs best when compared to the 0% and 10%. Stabilizing rammed earth with corn husk ash can improve the thermal properties of rammed earth blocks, making them suitable for use as a building material in enhancing thermal comfort.

Published
2018
Full Text
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