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The phase behavior of a new psedoternary system of clove oil/Tween 20 has been studied. Several compositions from the single-phase region were selected and their stability toward time, temperature, and electrolytes has been examined. A particular composition(clove oil/Tween 20/water as 5/30/65) was chosen as the drug delivery system from the clear oil-in-water zone of the pseudoternary system. The droplet dimension and the polydispersity state of the particular composition was determined by dynamic light scattering. A bioactive compound quarcetin was encapsulated in the vehicle. The efficacy of the drug in the vehicle was examined against leishmaniasis in hamster models. The hepatotoxicity of the vehicle (o/w microemulsion) with and without the drug quarcetin was examined by estimating serum alkaline phosphatase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, urea, and creatinine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemotherapy is still a major challenge for in vivo drug targeting to macrophages. Toxicity remains the major obstacle for the most potent drugs already known in the therapy of leishmaniasis. Thus, new drugs and new delivery systems are sought. By using different vesicular delivery modes e.g. liposomes, niosomes, microspheres and nanoparticles, attempts have been made to deliver an indigenous antileishmanial compound, quercetin, to treat experimental leishmaniasis in the hamster model so as to increase its efficacy as well as to reduce the toxicity. At equivalent quercetin concentration, the nanocapsulated quercetin was found to be the most potent in reducing the parasite burden in the spleen as well as in reducing hepatotoxcity and renaltoxicity compared to free drug or drug in other vesicular forms. An inverse relationship between the efficacy and the size of the vesicles was established. Such a drug vehicle formulation especially in the nanocapsulated form may be considered for clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The antileishmanial property of amarogentin, a secoiridoid glycoside isolated from the Indian medicinal plant Swertia chirata, was examined in a hamster model of experimental leishmaniasis. The therapeutic efficacy of amarogentin was evaluated in free and two different vesicular forms, liposomes and niosomes. The amarogentin in both liposomal and niosomal forms was found to be a more active leishmanicidal agent than the free amarogentin; and the niosomal form was found to be more efficacious than the liposomal form at the same membrane microviscosity level. Toxicity studies involving blood pathology, histological staining of tissues and specific enzyme levels related to normal liver function showed no toxicity. Hence, amarogentin incorporated in liposomes or niosomes may have clinical application in the treatment of leishmaniasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A case of malignant calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour is reported in a 75-year-old man. Evidence of local tissue invasion and lymph-nodemetastasis is presented. Immunoperoxidase studies of the neoplastic cells and tumour amyloid were negative for a variety of antigens, including the epithelial markers CEA and keratin. The histological and clinical findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Periodontology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Periodontology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Different sugar-grafted liposomes were prepared and tested against experimental leishmaniasis in vivo using the classical drug pentamidine isethionate and its methoxy derivative. Both the drugs, when encapsulated in sugar-grafted liposomes were found to be more potent in comparison to normal liposome-encapsulated drug or to the free drug. Moreover, the mannose-grafted liposomes were adjudged to be the best in lowering of spleen parasite load in comparison with those bearing glucose or galactose. When encapsulated in mannose-grafted liposomes the therapeutic efficacy of pentamidine isethionate was found to be better than that of its methoxy derivative, although the latter seemed to be less toxic than the pentamidine isethionate itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mast cells have been shown to be present in substantial numbers in both non- keratinizing and keratinizing odontogenic cysts and could be seen in the connective tissue capsule and the epithelial lining. Within the cyst capsule, mast cells were more prevalent just beneath the epithelium than in deeper areas. This distribution pattern for mast cells is in accord with the histochemical picture for heparin staining in odontogenic cysts. In the non-keratinizing cysts, there appeared to be some trend towards mast cells being associated with increasing inflammation but not in the odontogenic keratocyst. No evidence could be found for distinct mast cell subpopulations in odontogenic cysts. The presence of mast cells in odontogenic cyst could contribute to their pathogenesis in several ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a study of whole saliva of 12 patients with periodontal disease, IgG concentration was found to be higher and IgA concentration lower, before oral hygiene therapy and periodontal surgery than afterwards. The concentration of these immunoglobulins after periodontal therapy was comparable with those found in clinically normal individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]