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The aim of this research is to reveal the awareness of teachers working in inclusion environments and their use of educational technology. Specifically, in this mixed methods study, a needs analysis was conducted to determine the knowledge levels of teachers about inclusive education, their awareness and use of educational technologies, and what kind of support they need. Data were collected through a questionnaire with 133 teachers and focus group discussions with 5 groups of 30 teachers. Based on the analysis of quantitative data using descriptive analysis and qualitative data employing the constant comparison method, the findings showed that teachers' knowledge of special education needs (SEN) students is insufficient and they need support at this point. In addition, the qualitative data analysis unveiled social, academic, and environmental positive outputs of inclusive education alongside the identification of the psychological, academic, and environmental challenges of inclusive education. The findings are expected to benefit the literature, the field of inclusive education, and policymakers. [Note: The page range (115-131) and year shown on the PDF is incorrect. The correct page range is 116-131. The correct year is 2024.]

This study investigates the primary school teachers' perceptions towards the Intelligent Material System (IMS), which was developed to enhance the quality of inclusive environments and support the academic skills of students with Special Educational Needs (SEN). Within this scope, IMS training was conducted with 84 classroom teachers who worked at primary schools in Istanbul. Following the training, an open-ended questionnaire and two focus group interviews were used to collect data. The findings revealed that IMS has the potential to support the students with SEN academically, as it provides motivating and rich content, has a user-friendly interface and a desired level of accessibility despite the system's limitations and the need for improvements noted by the participants.

PurposeThe measurement of T-cell receptor excision circle (TREC) is used for newborn screening (NBS) in dried blood spot (DBS) samples from Guthrie card for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). Here, we report the results of first newborn screening pilot program for SCID conducted in Türkiye.MethodsThe study was carried out together with Ankara University School of Medicine and The Ministry of Health, Public Health General Directorate, Pediatric and Adolescent Health Department. TREC measurements were performed in randomly selected Guthrie card samples obtained from 20253 babies born between October 2018 and October 2020. The TREC analyses were performed together with beta Actin (β-Actin) via RT-PCR (Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction).ResultsTRECs found to be normal (≥15 copies/µl) in 98,6% of the newborns (n: 19975) but low (

Purpose: To assess the predictive capability of hematological inflammatory markers for urethral stricture recurrence after primary urethroplasty and to compare traditional statistical methods with a machine-learning-based artificial intelligence algorithm. Materials and Methods: Two hundred eighty-seven patients who underwent primary urethroplasty were scanned. Ages, smoking status, comorbidities, hematological inflammatory parameters (neutrophil-lymphocyte ratios, platelet-lymphocyte ratios [PLR], systemic immune-inflammation indexes [SII], and pan-immune-inflammation values [PIV]), stricture characteristics, history of previous direct-visual internal urethrotomy, urethroplasty techniques, and grafts/flaps placements were collected. Patients were followed up for one year for recurrence and grouped accordingly. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to create a predictive model. Additionally, a machine-learning-based logistic regression analysis was implemented to compare predictive performances. p

In modern methods, in line with the social constructivist and action-oriented approaches, knowledge should be (co-) constructed by the learner in interaction with his or her learning environment which has been established by the teacher prior to the session. A social constructivist approach can be described as learning-centered. This approach indicates learning as an interactive process. This study aims to define how learners build instructional sequences based on the European Common Language Reference Framework (CEFR) and action-oriented methods by using authentic documents including metalanguage. The sequence is for adult learners at A2 level. They are Turkish students who are at least 19 years old and they have participated in a one-year preparatory class with the aim of reaching B1 level. We will analyze the context of the procedure teaching and the profile of the learners to whom it will be passed. At the end of these introductory analyzes, which are important for the development of an audience-specific learning sequence, we will create a sequence guide with additional activity sheets for students.

This study's aim was to determine the factors affecting Turkish children's reading-writing achievements in the first grade in the preschool period. The prediction level of attention, visual perception (VP), rapid automatic naming (RAN), writing development (WD), and phonological awareness (PA) of the children in the preschool on their success in reading, reading comprehension (RC), and writing in the first grade was investigated longitudinally. In the preschool, 269 kindergarten students participated in the research, 187 out of those who proceeded to the first grade participated the second year of the study. The study was carried out in the screening design. As the result of research, it has been established that VP, PA, RAN, and WD predict the reading rate in the first grade, and that PA and RAN predict the reading accuracy. It has been found out that PA predicts RC and that VP, WD, and PA predict writing.

Objective(s): Breast carcinoma is the most common type of cancer in females. This study aims to compare fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) uptake pattern and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value for the detection of the primary tumour and axillary metastases of invasive ductal breast carcinoma.Methods: This study included 40 breast carcinoma lesions taken from 39 patients. After staging by positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), breast surgery with axillary lymph node dissection or sentinel lymph node biopsy was performed.Results: Primary lesion detection rate for PET/CT and diffusion-weighted MRI was high with 39 of 40 lesions (97.5%). The sensitivity and specificity for the detection of metastatic lymph nodes in axilla were 40.9%, 88.9%, with 18F-FDG PET/CT scans and 40.9%, 83.3%, for dw-MRI, respectively. No significant correlation was detected between ADC and SUVmax or SUVmax ratios. Estrogen receptor (p=0.007) and progesterone receptor (p=0.036) positive patients had lower ADC values. Tumour SUVmax was lower in T1 than T2 tumour size (p=0.027) and progesterone receptor-positive patients (p=0.029). Tumour/background SUVmax was lower in progesterone receptor-positive patients (p=0.004). Tumour/liver SUVmax was higher in grade III patients (p=0.035) and progesterone receptor negative status (p=0.043).Conclusions: This study confirmed the high detection rate of breast carcinoma in both modalities. They have same sensitivity for the detection of axillary lymph node metastases, whereas the PET/CT scan had higher specificity. Furthermore, ADC, SUVmax and SUVmax ratios showed some statistical significance among the patient groups according to different pathological parameters.

The purpose of this study is to develop tests for monitoring the number sense skills of primary school students based on proficiency definitions and to compare their number sense skills according to gender, school type, and mother's educational level. The first stage addressed to test development in which anchor items were used for vertical equating of number sense tests across grade levels. In the second stage, the number sense skills were compared in terms of student characteristics. The participants were 2034 primary school students. Reliable and valid number sense tests each consisting of 20 items were developed that allow comparison among Grades 2, 3, and 4. The findings indicated that number sense skills were not developed sufficiently in early childhood and had different trends in terms of gender through grades. Moreover, private schools outperformed public schools and the gap became higher in Grade 4. The results also showed that mother's education is an important factor for children to have higher number sense skills. Number sense is a prominent predictor of mathematics performance and monitoring number sense progress helps to evaluate the effectiveness of mathematics instruction.

Voltage-gated calcium channels are essential elements in development of many cellular processes like electrical signaling, contraction secretion and gene expression. There has been a fair amount of information about the functional and structural properties of the calcium channels in mammalian species. Crayfish serves as a model animal for many types of experiments. However, there has been no information related to the molecular and genetic properties of the calcium channels in the crayfish.

Abstract Quantum-tunneling metal–insulator-metal (MIM) diodes have emerged as a significant area of study in the field of materials science and electronics. Our previous work demonstrated the successful fabrication of these diodes using atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (AP-CVD), a scalable method that surpasses traditional vacuum-based methods and allows for the fabrication of high-quality Al2O3 films with few pinholes. Here, we show that despite their extremely small size 0.002 µm2, the MIM nanodiodes demonstrate low resistance at zero bias. Moreover, we have observed a significant enhancement in resistance by six orders of magnitude compared to our prior work, Additionally, we have achieved a high responsivity of 9 AW−1, along with a theoretical terahertz cut-off frequency of 0.36 THz. Our approach provides an efficient alternative to cleanroom fabrication, opening up new opportunities for manufacturing terahertz-Band devices. The results of our study highlight the practicality and potential of our method in advancing nanoelectronics. This lays the foundation for the development of advanced quantum devices that operate at terahertz frequencies, with potential applications in telecommunications, medical imaging, and security systems.

Accurate information regarding crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and its components is essential for proper water management. Salinity has become increasingly serious in many parts of the world, affecting the use of saline water in irrigation for various biochemical processes, hence the importance of understanding the effects of soil and water salinity on ETc. This study aimed to determine the transpiration (Tr) and soil evaporation (Es) components that constitute ETc in tomatoes irrigated by drip irrigation and to investigate the effects of irrigation water salinity levels on ETc and its components, as well as on the crop coefficient (Kc) used to determine ETc. In addition, the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) values determined by the measurements obtained with the lysimeter system were compared with the ETo values calculated using the Almeria (ETo_Alm), FAO Radiation (ETo_FAO-Rad), and Hargreaves (ETo_Harg) models. During the spring growing period of 2022, tomatoes were cultivated under four different irrigation water salinity levels: S0 = 0.7 (control), S1 = 2.5 (low), S2 = 5.0 (medium), and S3 = 7.5 (high) dS m−1. The Tr values in S0, S1, and S2 treatments were measured by the sap flow method. Radiation-based ETo prediction models had strong relationships with lysimeter-measured ETo values (R2 > 0.977 and RMSE < 0.53 mm). The results indicated that increasing salinity levels led to a decrease in both Tr and ETc while causing an increase in Es. In the S0, S1, and S2 treatments, Es accounted for 16.3, 45.0, and 36.2%, respectively. Actual Kc values also decreased with increasing salinity. The results indicate that different actual Kc values can be used when calculating evapotranspiration in decision-making processes in greenhouse tomato production in Antalya and when irrigation water with different salinity levels is used. Additionally, actual ETc responses of tomatoes to salinity can be used to manage saline water in irrigation scheduling.

This study aims to determine how listening comprehension levels of students are affected by listening to prosodic and non-prosodic readings vocalized by a computer and human. Third-grade students of four different classes at a primary school were randomly selected in a city center in the Western Black Sea Region of Turkey to participate in the study (n=91). Four equivalent classes formed the listening groups of the research in listening comprehension. The groups were (1) the group listening to the model prosodic reading, (2) the group listening to the computer prosodic reading, (3) the group listening to the model non-prosodic reading, and (4) the group listening to the computer non-prosodic reading. Two stories were used in the measurement of listening comprehension, and comprehension skills were measured with open-ended questions. The data obtained were analyzed with the Kruskal Wallis and Conover-Iman tests. Logistic Regression Analysis (LRA) was performed to reinforce the results and increase distinctiveness. According to the results, inferential comprehension scores of the students who listened to the prosodically-vocalized texts differed from other groups significantly. Meanwhile, literal comprehension scores of all students in the listening groups did not differ. The LRA results indicated that the inferential comprehension scores were a significant predictor of the listening groups. Consequently, the relationship between prosody and inferential comprehension was found to be significant in this study. The results also showed that it is necessary to attach particular importance to prosody in listening activities and to use prosodic models suitable for students in reading activities in the early grades of the primary school.

The Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI), conducted by Hart et al. (2008) and adapted to Turkish by Dogan as Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SAAS) (Dogan, 2010) was used in our study. In the analysis of the data, t-test and ANOVA test were used. As a result; There was a significant difference between female athletes' hormone use variable and appearance anxiety and gender role (p <0.05). It was determined that female athletes using hormone had appearance anxiety. A significant difference was found between maternal educational status and appearance anxiety and gender role. A significant difference was found between the paternal education status variable and the masculine gender role. A significant negative correlation was found between the age variable and appearance anxiety of female athletes. There was a positive relationship between appearance anxiety and masculine gender role. When the gender role values increase the values of appearance anxiety increase. It is recommended that special contact with women athletes who go beyond the social gender norms should be established according to expert opinions and all actors such as sports managers, trainer, sportsman, referee, physical education teacher etc. should be informed. In order to increase the proportion of women engaged in sports in the society, to support the girls who are new to the sports and not to create false opinions about the sportswomen, it is recommended to put forward the role models suitable for the female athlete profile.

Background: Risk factors of candidemia are well-described in intensive care units (ICUs) before the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The increased rates of admission to ICUs have appeared during the pandemic. Methods: Patient characteristics and laboratory data of 80 candidemia with COVID-19, 101 candidemia without COVID-19, and 100 non-candidemia with COVID-19 patients were evaluated, in this study. Results: Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) ≥ 2, solid malignancy, total parenteral nutrition (TPN), central venous catheterization (CVC), hypotension, fever, urea, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), D-dimer, procalcitonin, ferritin, and delta neutrophil index (DNI) was found to be associated with candidemia in COVID-19 patients. TPN, hypotension, and fever were identified as independent predictors of candidemia in COVID-19, and candidemia in COVID-19 is characterized by significantly high mortality rates. Urea, lactate, and procalcitonin were defined as independent predictors of hospital mortality in candidemia patients with COVID-19. Conclusion: The presence of candidemia increases mortality in COVID-19. TPN, fever, and hypotension werefound to be the most powerful predictors of candidemia in COVID-19. Overall, these data show that candidemia in COVID-19 is characterized by significantly high mortality rates. Determination of distinctive features can prevent candidemia and mortality.

All viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, continue to evolve, which can lead to new variants. The objective of this study is to assess the agreement between real-world clinical data and an algorithm that utilizes laboratory markers and age to predict the progression of disease severity in COVID-19 patients during the pre-Omicron and Omicron variant periods. The study evaluated the performance of a deep learning (DL) algorithm in predicting disease severity scores for COVID-19 patients using data from the USA, Spain, and Turkey (Ankara City Hospital (ACH) data set). The algorithm was developed and validated using pre-Omicron era data and was tested on both pre-Omicron and Omicron-era data. The predictions were compared to the actual clinical outcomes using a multidisciplinary approach. The concordance index values for all datasets ranged from 0.71 to 0.81. In the ACH cohort, a negative predictive value (NPV) of 0.78 or higher was observed for severe patients in both the pre-Omicron and Omicron eras, which is consistent with the algorithm's performance in the development cohort.

In this study was to examine the body composition, flexibility, balance and concentration characteristics of dance exercise. Total of 268 university students whose average age was 20.59 ± 1.59 years were included. Height measurements, body weight measurements, flexibility measurements, balance test, concentration test of the students who had dance courses (the experimental group) and those who did not have dance courses (the control group) were provided twice, at the beginning of and at the end of the study as pre-test and post-test. Frequency analyses, descriptive statistics, and paired t-test were used. There were significant differences between pre-test and post-test scores of body weight, BMI, flexibility, balance, concentration among the students doing dance exercises (the experimental group). There were no significant differences between pre-test and post-test scores of body weight, BMI, concentration among the students not doing dance exercises (the control group) but there were significant differences in flexibility and balance scores.

It was observed in this research how endurance status of fluent readers and poor readers changed as the text became longer. 40 students of the primary school 4th-grade, 20 were fluent readers and other 20 were poor readers, participated in the research. A narrative text was utilised in the data collection process. Students' oral readings were recorded with a voice recorder, and their cores of reading rates and reading accuracy percentages were obtained by listening to the readings. The scores were analysed with the Friedman and Nemenyi tests. At the end of the analysis, it was seen that fluent readers' reading rates did not differ significantly from the beginning to end of the text, whereas poor readers' reading rates differed in favour of the first parts of the text. Accordingly, the fluent readers read the text at the same rate all the way, while the poor readers' reading rates significantly dropped from the beginning towards the end of the text. Furthermore, fluent readers' reading accuracy percentages differed significantly from the beginning towards the end of the text in favour of the last parts, while poor readers' reading accuracy percentages differed in favour of the first parts. As per the findings, fluent readers' reading accuracy percentages gradually increased, whereas poor readers' percentages gradually dropped. In other words, as the reading time and volume increased, poor readers' reading errors were also increased. These results were discussed in the light of the literature.

Extreme sports are sport branches which include actions, adventures, risks and difficulties more rather than other sports. Special materials are used in sport branches such as surfing, kite surfing, sailing, snowboarding, paragliding, diving, mountaineering, motor sports and adrenaline release is more rather than in other sport branches. On the contrary, the situation for being eager to seek excitement and take risks with a view to having new experiences has been observed. It has been considered whether sensation seeking requirement and risk-taking behavior had effects upon each other. The aim of the study was to analyze sensation seeking and risk-taking behavior in extreme athletes. Total 101 extreme athletes including 31 females, 70 males with an age average of 22.03 ± 6.77 participated in the research. In order to determine athletes' sensation seeking levels, "Arnett Inventory of Sensation Seeking" developed by Arnett (1994) and in order to determine their risk-taking behavior, "Risk Involvement and Perception Scale" developed by Siegel et al. (1994) were used. In evaluation of research data, frequency analysis, independent t test, in determination of relation between risk-taking and sensation seeking, correlation test were utilized. In conclusion, significant differences were found in risk-taking behavior, sensation seeking requirement and gender variable among the extreme athletes. In the male athletes sensation seeking requirement and risk-taking behavior had higher averages than the female athletes. Among the extreme athletes, significant relations were determined between risk-taking behavior and sensation seeking requirement. When risk-taking behavior values were high, sensation seeking requirement values were regarded to be high.

In recent years, the number of students who have chosen computer science related undergraduate departments has decreased rapidly. Moreover, students who prefer computer science and programming departments appear to be unsuccessful in programming classes due to the complexity and frustrating difficulties of programming learning. One of the solutions to overcome this problem is to make the students adapt and warm up to the programming issues from the lower grades. In order students, who are in the age of development at primary and junior high school level, to love and learn programming, various enjoyable methods are applied. Scratch software is one way of teaching programming to secondary school students. This study investigated how the attitudes of 5th and 6th grade students towards information technology course changed after Scratch software and programming language and Javascript programming language were used. A 2x2x2 factorial experimental design was used in the study. According to the analysis, it was found that both methods are effective on the students' attitudes. But there was no significant difference between them.

The purpose of this research was to examine the correlation amongst teaching-learning conceptions, teaching motivation, and perceptions towards ICT of teachers. While the present research adopted predictive design, the sample was consisted of teachers (n = 268) working in public high schools. In this research, teaching-learning conceptions, teaching motivation, and perceptions towards ICT scales were used. In the research, the correlations amongst teachers' teaching-learning conceptions, teaching motivation, and perceptions towards ICT in teaching and learning process were calculated by conducting Pearson product-moment correlation analysis, and linear multiple regression analysis was used to identify the variables that predict perceptions towards ICT of the participating teachers. It was found in the research that there were significant correlations amongst teaching-learning conceptions, teaching motivation, and perceptions towards ICT. Also, constructivist teaching-learning conception and extrinsic teaching motivation were seen to predict perceptions of teachers towards ICT significantly.