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Background: The ankle is the most often injured joint in athletics. The most frequent kind of ankle injury is a lateral ankle sprain. Whole Body Vibration (WBV) is a unique biophysical technique that generates whole-body vibration impulses for mechanical stimulation. It has been demonstrated in recent years to improve the neurological, muscular, and skeletal systems. Objective: The goal of this study is to assess the effect of systemic vibration and balance training on pain intensity and balance, in CAI patients. Methods: 45 female patients will be enrolled in the research after being recommended by an orthopedic expert for recurrent ankle instability. They will be divided into three equal-sized groups. Group (A) comprises of fifteen patients who will get a six-week exercise program designed specifically for CAI and Whole-Body–Vibration Training (three sessions per week). Group (B) comprises of fifteen patients who will get a six-week, three-session-per-week, conventional exercise program for CAI and balance training. Group (C) consists of fifteen patients who will get a standard exercise plan for CAI. pain; balance and function status of the patients were examined before and after the treatment.

Background: Postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) is one of the most common reasons for referral to gynecology services. This is due to the concern of possible underlying malignancy, as approximately 10% of women with PMB will have endometrial carcinoma. Objective: Early diagnosis of endometrial changes in women with postmenopausal bleeding and thickened endometrium. Patients and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, from December 2018 to January 2020 at Zagazig University Hospitals. The study included 56 women with post-menopausal bleeding and thickened endometrium (> 4 mm). They underwent vaginal sonography for endometrial thickness and ovarian volume measurement; endometrial sampling was done for definitive histologic diagnosis. Results: There was statistically significant difference between normal, over weight and obese females as regards mean ovarian volume and endometrial thickness (p = 0.001and p = 0.01) respectively. Where, over weight and obese females had large mean ovarian volume (median = 1.80 and 2.350) respectively and larger endometrial thickness (median = 9.0 and 14.0) respectively compared to normal ones. We found that 51% of studied females were having hyperplasic lesions followed by 37.3% of them were having benign lesions then 11.8% of them were having malignant lesions. Conclusions: That enlarged ovaries in women with postmenopausal bleeding and thickened endometrium are associated with endometrial adenocarcinoma risk. Whereas obesity represents a marker of risk for that endometrial change.

Background: The aim was to compare the push-out bond strength of calcium silicate-based sealer Total Fill BC Sealer with an epoxy resin-based sealer Adseal used in cold lateral and single cone obturation techniques. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight single-rooted teeth with completely formed apices were selected. Teeth were decoronated, and working length was determined. Instrumentation and irrigation were performed. The teeth were equally and randomly divided into four groups (n=12) according to the obturation technique and the root canal sealer used as follow; Group I: Root canals were obturated using gutta percha & Totalfill bioceramic sealer by using single cone technique single cone technique, Group II: Root canals were obturated using gutta percha lateral condensation technique & Totalfill bioceramic sealer, Group III: Root canals were obturated using gutta percha & Adseal sealer by using single cone technique, and Group IV: Root canals were obturated using gutta percha & Adseal sealer by using lateral condensation technique. Manipulation and application of the sealer was done according the manufacturer instructions. All teeth were stored in an incubator at 37 °C and 100% humidity for 1 week to allow complete setting of the root canal sealers. Each root was prepared for push-out test using universal testing machine with root slices of 2 mm thickness were obtained at 3, 7, 11 mm from apex representing (apical, middle, and coronal) respectively, and the push-out bond strength was calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc t-test was used to compare between more than two groups in non-related samples. Results: The highest bond strength was found in Group II (Totalfill & cold lateral obturation technique) (P < 0.05) compared to other groups. The lowest bond strength was found in Group III (Adseal & single cone obturation technique). Conclusion: The push-out bond strength of Totalfill & Adseal root canal sealers with cold lateral obturation technique were highest followed by Totalfill& single cone technique and lowest bond strength was observed in Adseal & single cone on obturation technique. Higher push out bond strength values recorded in apical and middle thirds than coronal third.

Background Two tocolytic drugs-atosiban and nifedipine-are currently used for first-line treatment of preterm labor (PTL). Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of atosiban with nifedipine for PTL treatment. Search strategy In May 2017, we searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trials with search terms including "nifedipine", "atosiban", and "preterm labor". Selection criteria Randomized controlled trials of women with PTL. Data collection and analysis Data were extracted for study design, patient characteristics, risk of bias domains, and study outcomes. A random-effects model was used to generate pooled risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results We included seven studies that enrolled 992 patients. There was no significant difference between atosiban and nifedipine for pregnancy prolongation of 48 hours or more regarding efficacy (RR 1.06, 95% CI 0.92-1.22; P=0.440) or effectiveness (0.93, 0.84-1.03; P=0.177). Pregnancy prolongation for 7 days or more also did not differ between groups for efficacy (RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.89-1.21; P=0.656) or effectiveness (0.91, 0.79-1.05; P=0.177). Atosiban-however-was associated with fewer maternal side-effects than nifedipine. Conclusion Atosiban resulted in fewer maternal side-effects than nifedipine, with no difference in pregnancy prolongation. PROSPERO registration: CRD42018090223.

Background: Preterm labour (PTL) is any delivery after 20 weeks and before the completion of 37 weeks’ gestation. In preterm labour , the efficacy of tocolytic drugs has been proven to prolong pregnancy. A commonly used tocolytic drug is nifedipine which appears to be more effective than β2-adrenergic-receptor agonists and magnesium sulfate. The aim of the present study was to study the tocolytic action of nifedipine combined with sildenafil citrate and if the combination is superior to nifedipine alone in inhibiting threatened preterm labour. Methods: This interventional Study was conducted at Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Zagazig University, from April 2019 to Febrile 2020. Included 96 pregnant women who suffered from threatened preterm labor. They were divided into two groups, group (A) included 48 cases who received Nifedipine only and group (B) included 48 cases who received Nifedipine with sildenafil. Results: our study showed that a statistically significant difference regarding maternal heart rate and mean blood pressure (mm Hge) before and after treatment in Nifedipine with sildenafil group group. But in Nifedipine only group, there was no statistically significant difference regarding maternal heart rate before and after treatment. There was statistically significant difference between the two studied groups in delivery 24,48 and 72 hours after admission with less early deliveries among the Nifedipine with sildenafil group. Regarding mode of delivery, there was no statistical significant deference between nifedipine and Nifedipine with sildenafil groups. Conclusions: Vaginal sildenafil citrate (SC) combined with nifedipine is an effective option for tocolytic therapy during threatened PTL.

Influenza B virus infections can cause severe disease in pediatric patients and in the elderly. The risk of such disease is exacerbated by the lower clinical effectiveness of some antiviral drugs against influenza B compared with influenza A virus infections especially in children. Recent efforts have advanced neuraminidase (NA) as a reemerging candidate for novel broadly protective influenza virus vaccines. Such efforts are assisted by the identification of new broadly neutralizing and protective antibodies that target the NA active site. Here, we describe seven human anti-NA monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) isolated from an influenza B virus-infected patient. All antibodies block NA activity, neutralize virus, mediate effector functions and are broadly protective in vivo. We show that the two most potent mAbs inhibit NA activity by blocking the active site using long CDR-H3 loops that engage highly conserved residues amongst influenza B viruses. The comprehensive functional and structural characterization of these antibodies provides a blueprint for the development of improved vaccines and therapeutics against influenza B viruses.

Although communication is regarded as an important approach to investigate the determinants of the satisfaction of athletes with special needs, there is a paucity of research that examine communication competences of sports recreation specialists when interacting with intellectually disabled athletes. The study concludes that communication competences of sports recreation specialists contribute significantly in enriching the experience of intellectually disabled athletes and satisfaction specifically the non-verbal communication dimension because of its effect on the communication success This study extends previous research by proposing a model that investigates sports recreation specialists’ basic communication skills when communicating with athletes with intellectual disability. The study provides a framework that sets sports recreation specialists’ point of view concerning verbal and non-verbal communication when interacting with intellectually disabled athletes thereby moved beyond prior research on athletes with intellectual disabilities. The study recommends as well that the sports recreation specialists have to assess communication abilities of athletes with intellectual disability to satisfy this segment and achieve their quality of life. The study provides the representative dimensions of sports recreation specialists’ communication competences who interact with athletes with intellectual disability and the relevant indicators that measure each dimension. Dimensions and indicators were validated by specialists in sports management. Therefore, sports recreation specialists can evaluate their performance, athletes’ satisfaction, the quality of particular services offered to athletes with special needs and the necessary improvements that should take place. The main objective of this study is to raise awareness of the specific needs of athletes with intellectual disability and improve communication competences of sports recreation specialists who interact with this segment. The study recommends as well the importance of organizing training courses that respond to the special needs of athletes with intellectual disability for example official sports authorities that organize regular training courses to sports recreation specialists and also faculties that have sports recreation departments to provide students with subjects that raise their knowledge and awareness of intellectually disabled athletes which aims to guarantee the optimal communication between two parties: the sports recreation specialists and athletes with intellectual disabilities In sum, the current study makes several contributions to both sports and disability research; the study contributes to the sports field by proposing ways which sports recreation specialists can use to enhance their communication competences when interacting with athletes with intellectual disability. It contributes as well to disability field through examining ways of improving their athletes’ experience and improving their quality of life.

Background: The main reason suggested for the failure of endodontically treated teeth after a long period of time of intraoral performance is the lack of perfect coronal seal together with the presence of nanoleakage. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate to what extent the difference between adhesive systems may affect the seal achieved between pulp chamber dentin and the overlying coronal restoration together with nanoleakage evaluation. Materials and methods: Two groups of root canal treated teeth were bonded with two types of adhesive systems (Total-etch and Self-Etch) and restored with nano-hybrid resin composite. All teeth were thermocycled (2,500 cycles, 5°C to 55°C, 20 seconds dwell time, and 5 seconds resting time). After thermocycling, teeth were sectioned into sticks of 1 mm2 (15 sticks obtained from each group) for microtensile bond strength testing (mTBS). From each group, a slab of 1 mm2 was obtained for micromorphological analysis to observe the quality of the resin-dentin interface by scanning electron microscope and to evaluate nanoleakage pattern through silver tracing as well. The collected data were expressed in MPa and analyzed by independent sample t-test.Results: Regarding bond strength testing, highly significant difference was recorded between both adhesive systems (p

Aim: The purpose of this study is to compare the accuracy of Root ZX II and SIROEndo in calculating the working length (WL) in primary teeth.Methods: Twenty primary molars teeth planned for extraction were used, after access cavity preparation the actual working length for each root canal was measured, All root canals were then measured by using both devices. Difference between the electronic and actual canal lengths were calculated.Results: At the accuracy limit ± 0.5 mm showed there was no significant difference between both devices; the Root ZX II device showed accuracy 76.66% % while the SIROEndo Pocket showed accuracy 71.66%, when the difference was ± 1 mm. there was also no significant difference, the results were shown to be 98.33% for the Root ZX II device and 96.66% for the SIROEndo Pocket (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Both electronic apex locators (EAL) devices can be used as a reliable tool in measuring working length in primary molar teeth.

Background: It has been suggested that acute exposure to pesticides altered the ability of macrophages to overcome the pathogen invasion. Aim: To evaluate the levels of NO, IFN-gamma and arginase in both rats and patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) exposed daily to the chlorpyrifos (CPF) pesticide. Also, to evaluate the benefits of curcumin and / or arginine as a prophylactic agents. Material and Methods: Plasma samples from 25 CL patients, 10 healthy control and CPF-treated rats, divided into five groups, were extracted. Also, PBMNCs recruited only from CL patients. out. Results: A significant increase in the level of arginase coupled with a significant decrease in the levels of NO and INF-gamma were observed in CPF-treated animals. Restoration of the previous biochemical markers were significantly observed when a mixture of curcumin and arginine was used as a prophylactic remedy. In CL patients, a significant increase in the level of arginase activity was noticed. However, when curcumin is added to the cultural media containing active PBMNCs recruited from CL patients, a significant decrease in the level of NO associated with an increase in the arginase levels were noticed. Conlusion: The negative effect of CPF on macrophage activity can be attenuated by oral intake a mixture of curcumin and arginine.

Numerical investigations on the performance of a traveling-wave thermoacoustic refrigerator are described. This refrigerator consists of a looped tube attached to an acoustic driver. A regenerator with many narrow flow channels is installed in the looped tube. When acoustic power is supplied by the acoustic driver to the looped tube, heat pumping occurs inside the regenerator. The coefficient of performance (COP), i.e., the ratio of cooling power to input power, of the refrigerator was calculated by varying the position, length, and flow-channel radius of the regenerator. When the three factors were simultaneously optimized, the COP was found to exceed 60% of the Carnot COP.