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The dumping of wastewater containing the dyes is harmful to the health of aquatic living beings. The colour in water bodies reduces the penetration of light and thereby reduces the concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) of water bodies. The decreased value of DO is also harmful to aquatic organism. Therefore treatment of wastewater containing dyes becomes essential. Mushrooms have proven to be highly efficient and economical for removing pollutants through bioabsorption. Therefore, in the present study an attempt has been made to study the efficiency of Spent Mushroom Waste (SMW) viz. Agaricus bisporus as biosorbent for the biosorption of Basic Fuchsin Dye (BFD) from aqueous solution. The effects of certain factors such as the dose of adsorbent, temperature, exposure time, and pH were studied on the dye degradation by a given biomass of SMW. The results of the present study revealed that the optimum value of temperature, contact time, adsorbent dose, pH, was 7, 20 minutes, 20 mg, and 30°C respectively. The biosorption efficiency of the used SMW ranged from good to excellent. The results of the present study revealed that the SMW of Agaricus bisporus is an economically and environmentally sound adsorbent and can be used for the degradation of dyes from water based solutions. Further investigation is required to enhance the adsorption rate of SMW of Agaricus bisporus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The removal of inorganic and organic contaminants from wastewater is a crucial environmental concern, necessitating innovative and eco‐friendly solutions. This study introduces a novel and environmentally friendly approach employing Lippia alba leaves as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of lead metal ions and basic fuchsin dye from wastewater. Through a series of batch experiments, various parameters were explored, including pH, contact time, temperature, adsorbent dosage, and initial concentration, to better understand the adsorption process. The results were best described by the Freundlich model for lead ions and the Langmuir model for basic fuchsin dye, with maximum monolayer adsorption capacity (qm) of 67.06 mg/g (lead metal) and 33.32 mg/g (basic fuchsin dye). Kinetic studies demonstrated that the pseudo‐second‐order model accurately described the adsorption kinetics for both pollutants, while thermodynamics suggested exothermic adsorption for lead ions and endothermic adsorption for basic fuchsin dye, indicating spontaneous adsorption in both cases. Response Surface Methodology optimization achieved exceptional results: 99.9 % lead ion removal at 308 K, pH 4.5, 1.35 g/L adsorbent, and 2.5 mg/L initial concentration; 98.31 % basic fuchsin dye removal at 318 K, pH 6, 2 g/L adsorbent, and 15 mg/L initial concentration. This research offers a sustainable solution for water pollution challenges, supporting environmental preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dumping of wastewater containing the dyes is harmful to the health of aquatic living beings. The colour in water bodies reduces the penetration of light and thereby reduces the concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) of water bodies. The decreased value of DO is also harmful to aquatic organism. Therefore treatment of wastewater containing dyes becomes essential. Mushrooms have proven to be highly efficient and economical for removing pollutants through bioabsorption. Therefore, in the present study an attempt has been made to study the efficiency of Spent Mushroom Waste (SMW) viz. Agaricus bisporus as biosorbent for the biosorption of Basic Fuchsin Dye (BFD) from aqueous solution. The effects of certain factors such as the dose of adsorbent, temperature, exposure time, and pH were studied on the dye degradation by a given biomass of SMW. The results of the present study revealed that the optimum value of temperature, contact time, adsorbent dose, pH, was 7, 20 minutes, 20 mg, and 30˚C respectively. The biosorption efficiency of the used SMW ranged from good to excellent. The results of the present study revealed that the SMW of Agaricus bisporus is an economically and environmentally sound adsorbent and can be used for the degradation of dyes from water based solutions. Further investigation is required to enhance the adsorption rate of SMW of Agaricus bisporus.

In this work, amorphous and crystalline novel products based on Zr, Mg, and Mn were facilely fabricated through the Pechini sol–gel procedure using inexpensive chemicals and an uncomplicated apparatus. Also, these products showed high efficiency as novel adsorbents in getting rid of basic fuchsin dye from aqueous solutions. The adsorbent, which was fabricated before calcination, was abbreviated as KE. In addition, the adsorbents, which were created at 500 and 700 °C, were designated as KE500 and KE700, respectively. The created adsorbents were characterized using high-level transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), N2 adsorption/desorption analyzer, and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The XRD showed that the KE adsorbent is amorphous, whereas the KE500 and KE700 adsorbents are mixtures of ZrO2, MgMn2O4, and Mg(Mg0.333Mn1.333)O4 nanostructures. The HR-TEM exhibited that the KE adsorbent consists of very fine irregular shapes, whereas the KE500 adsorbent contains quasi-spherical particles with a mean diameter of 45.16 nm. Furthermore, the HR-TEM exhibited that the KE700 adsorbent consists of polyhedral shapes with a mean diameter of 76.28 nm. Furthermore, the BET surface area of the KE, KE500, and KE700 adsorbents is 67.85, 20.15, and 13.60 m2/g, respectively. Additionally, the elimination of basic fuchsin dye by the KE, KE500, and KE700 adsorbents is exothermic, physical in nature, and follows the pseudo-first-order as well as Langmuir equations. Further, the maximum uptake capabilities of the KE, KE500, and KE700 adsorbents toward basic fuchsin dye are 239.81, 174.83, and 93.19 mg/g, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, amorphous and crystalline novel products based on Zr, Mg, and Mn were facilely fabricated through the Pechini sol–gel procedure using inexpensive chemicals and an uncomplicated apparatus. Also, these products showed high efficiency as novel adsorbents in getting rid of basic fuchsin dye from aqueous solutions. The adsorbent, which was fabricated before calcination, was abbreviated as KE. In addition, the adsorbents, which were created at 500 and 700 °C, were designated as KE500 and KE700, respectively. The created adsorbents were characterized using high-level transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), N2 adsorption/desorption analyzer, and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The XRD showed that the KE adsorbent is amorphous, whereas the KE500 and KE700 adsorbents are mixtures of ZrO2, MgMn2O4, and Mg(Mg0.333Mn1.333)O4 nanostructures. The HR-TEM exhibited that the KE adsorbent consists of very fine irregular shapes, whereas the KE500 adsorbent contains quasi-spherical particles with a mean diameter of 45.16 nm. Furthermore, the HR-TEM exhibited that the KE700 adsorbent consists of polyhedral shapes with a mean diameter of 76.28 nm. Furthermore, the BET surface area of the KE, KE500, and KE700 adsorbents is 67.85, 20.15, and 13.60 m2/g, respectively. Additionally, the elimination of basic fuchsin dye by the KE, KE500, and KE700 adsorbents is exothermic, physical in nature, and follows the pseudo-first-order as well as Langmuir equations. Further, the maximum uptake capabilities of the KE, KE500, and KE700 adsorbents toward basic fuchsin dye are 239.81, 174.83, and 93.19 mg/g, respectively.

In this study, the starch-capped zinc selenide nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon (ST-Zn-Se-NPs-AC) composite was fabricated, and then it was used for removing Basic Fuchsin (BF) dye from aqueous solution. The ST-Zn-Se-NPs-AC composite was characterized by FE-SEM, UV–Vis, EDS, and XRD techniques. The removal percentage dependence to different variables such as initial BF concentration, pH, dosage of adsorbent, and time of sonication was investigated by Central Composite Design (CCD) under Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The quadratic model between the independent and dependent variables was predicted. A good agreement between the experimental and predicted data was achieved by the predicted model that showed the performance of the predicted model for predicting of real optimum points, and it was successfully employed to remove BF from aqueous media. The maximum removal percentage of 99.34% was obtained by the predicted model under the optimum conditions (15 mg L−1 of initial BF concentration, pH of 7.0, 12 mg of ST-Zn-Se-NPs-AC, and 6 min of sonication time), which was very close to the experimental value (99.00%). Moreover, the data were efficiently fitted by Langmuir model, and the saturation adsorption capacity (Q max) at 25 °C for BF was discovered to be 222.72 mg g−1. • Starch-capped Zn-Se-NPs-AC was prepared. • ST-Zn-Se-NP-AC formation was confirmed by UV–Vis, EDS and XRD techniques. • CCD-RSM design was used for ultrasound-assisted adsorption of Basic Fuchsin. • Adsorption equilibrium was obtained by 6 min sonication time. • The data were fitted by Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Hydrogen titanate nanotubes with different Ti/NaOH ratios were synthesized using the hydrothermal method. The obtained materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, UV–vis DRS spectroscopy, N 2 physisorption, transmission electron microscopy and zeta potential. According to the characterization results, all the synthesized materials presented tubular morphology and the crystalline phase corresponding to H 2 Ti 3 O 7. The synthesis parameters were optimized in order to increase as much as possible the specific surface area and minimize the sodium ion concentration as well. Afterward, the produced nanotubes were used as adsorbent materials to remove basic fuchsin dye from water solutions. The best adsorption performance, up to 90% in the first 5 min of testing using a load of 0.05 mg NT L−1 BF , was achieved for the sample that showed the highest specific surface area (393.3 m2 g−1); the results for the other samples were around 60% under the same experimental conditions. As expected, the adsorption values were correlated to the specific surface area and point of zero charge values; in this case, at optimal pH (2.4), negatively charged NTs could capture the BF dye (pKa of 3.9) via electrostatic attraction and then ion-exchange or complexation. Through UV–vis DRS and FTIR spectroscopies, a strong interaction of the amino group in the H 2 Ti 3 O 7 surface was elucidated. The results presented in this work make possible the use of this kind of materials as adsorbents of certain types of contaminants in water purification processes due to their adsorptive properties in continuous cycles. Graphical abstract Schematic representation of the interaction NT-H 2 Ti 3 O 7 during the basic fuchsin dye adsorption. Image 1 Highlights • Basic fuchsin dye was adsorbed on H 2 Ti 3 O 7 following the Langmuir isotherm model. • The NH 2 group of the basic fuchsin dye interacts with the OH groups of the H 2 Ti 3 O 7. • At lower Na+ concentration, greater adsorption properties of H 2 Ti 3 O 7 nanotubes. • Electrostatic interaction is favored due to PZC of H 2 Ti 3 O 7 and pKa of the BF dye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Different thickness of basic fuchsin dye was deposited on conductive FTO substrate by spin coating technique for the first time. Their structural, morphological, linear/nonlinear optical and optical studies were performed. The structural studies confirm the amorphous nature of the studied dye on FTO substrate with original peaks corresponding to the FTO diffraction peaks. The morphological studies suggest the ellipsoid (spherical like) nanostructured of grain size of 235.6 nm and average roughness of 37.188 nm. Optical spectrophotometric studies were used to calculate various parameters like optical band gap, absorption index, and refractive index, dielectric constant/loss....etc. The electrical conductivity and optical conductivity are increased with the photon energy indicates the high absorption of the studied dye. Optical limiting studies were also performed using He-Ne laser of wavelength = 632 nm and solid-state green laser of wavelength = 532 nm. The normalized power is decreasing with increasing the thickness of the films. Our designed material can be used to control the laser power with specified percent for new applications of organic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphite oxide modified polyurethane foam (GO/PUF) was used for adsorption of basic fuchsin from aqueous solution and adsorption conditions were optimized to attain an efficiency of 99.5%. The adsorption isotherm was in agreement with the Langmuir model. Kinetic study followed pseudo-second order. Determination of Gibbs free energy and enthalpy change of adsorption indicated spontaneous and endothermic adsorption behavior, suggesting that the adsorbent had a potential for the removal of dyes from industrial wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

• Fe-ZSM-5 zeolite has been successfully synthesized through a hydrothermal method. • As-prepared Fe-ZSM-5 was firstly used as an efficient binder for basic Fuchsin (BF) dye. • Kinetic and equilibrium studies followed pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models. • The adsorption mechanism was mainly manifested via electrostatic attractions and hydrogen bonds. • BF dye adsorption process was optimized using BBD-RSM design. The current study reports the first use of Fe-ZSM-5 as a potential adsorbent for textile effluent purification. The Fe-ZSM-5 zeolite was synthesized through a hydrothermal method using tetrapropylammonium bromide as an organic structure-directing template for application as a binder for basic Fuchsin (BF) dye from aqueous media. SEM observations confirmed that Fe-ZSM-5 exhibits a granular shape with a quasi-hexagonal structure, which is in agreement with its crystallinity demonstrated by XRD analysis. FTIR analysis indicates the abundance of Si OH groups on the Fe-ZSM-5 surface. N 2 adsorption-desorption measurement showed the microporous structure (pore size around 1.93 nm) of Fe-ZSM-5 with a BET surface area of 399 m2/g. The uptake performance of Fe-ZSM-5 zeolite for BF dye was systematically studied as a function of different operational parameters. The experimental adsorption data were in good agreement with pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm with a maximum adsorbed amount of 251.87 mg/g. BF dye adsorption onto Fe-ZSM-5 was a spontaneous and endothermic phenomenon. The binding mechanism is attributed to electrostatic interactions combined with H-bonding. Further, the response surface modeling permits us to optimize BF dye adsorption process. The highest BF dye removal performance was found to be 99.6 % under optimum conditions of pH 5, Fe-ZSM-5 dose 0.75 g/L, initial BF concentration 10 mg/L for 120 min at 20 °C. The findings of this work revealed that Fe-ZSM-5 zeolite could be proposed as an alternative adsorbent with outstanding performance for BF dye removal from wastewaters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]