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Mitigating climate change by reducing heat-trapping greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the Earth's atmosphere is a critical global challenge. In response to this urgency, the Canadian government has set a target of achieving zero emissions by 2050. The Government of Prince Edward Island (PEI) has committed to becoming Canada's first net-zero province by 2040. Achieving this goal requires an extensive knowledge of emissions arising from ecosystem dynamics in PEI. Therefore, this study aims to quantify the carbon fluxes of these ecosystems, offering insights into their role in GHG emissions and removals. Through an extensive literature review and analysis, this research provides a detailed assessment of the potential carbon flux contributions from various ecosystems across PEI. High-resolution maps for carbon emissions, removals, and flux for the years 2010 and 2020 were developed, highlighting key findings on carbon dynamics. Additionally, a web-based tool was developed to allow decision makers and the general public to explore these carbon flux maps interactively. This work aims to inform policy decisions and enhance strategies for effective climate change mitigation in PEI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protein aggregates are a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Extensive studies have focused on β-amyloid plaques and Tau tangles. Here, we illustrate a novel source of protein aggregates in AD neurons from organelle off-target proteins. Bax is a mitochondrial pore-forming pro-death protein. What happens to Bax if it fails to target mitochondria? We previously showed that a mitochondrial target-deficient alternatively spliced variant, Bax∆2, formed large cytosolic protein aggregates and triggered caspase 8-mediated cell death. Bax∆2 protein levels were low in most normal organs and the proteins were quickly degraded in cancer. Here, we found that 85% of AD patients had Bax∆2 required alternative splicing. Increased Bax∆2 proteins were mostly accumulated in neurons of AD-susceptible brain regions. Intracellularly, Bax∆2 aggregates distributed independently of Tau tangles. Interestingly, Bax∆2 aggregates triggered the formation of stress granules (SGs), a large protein-RNA complex involved in AD pathogenesis. Although the functional domains required for aggregation and cell death are the same as in cancer cells, Bax∆2 relied on SGs, not caspase 8, for neuronal cell death. These results imply that the aggregation of organelle off-target proteins, such as Bax∆2, broadens the scope of traditional AD pathogenic proteins that contribute to the neuronal stress responses and AD pathogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid waste disposal is an important issue in the most cities of Pakistan. The main purpose of this research was to categorize the municipal solid waste generated in Faisalabad city and to purpose a suitable solid waste management plan which can improve the environmental condition of Faisalabad city. Improper waste management, disposal of waste in water bodies, dumping of industrial effluents, natural disasters that leads the contamination of groundwater. Analysis of the ground water samples of the open dumpsite and purposed landfill site was done to check the drinking water quality. Segregation of solid waste was done to find out the composition and categories of waste collection and transportation problems are one of the most difficult operational problems to solve. Optimization of vehicle routes was done to provide different of optimum paths to reach at landfill site in less time. A proper waste disposal system was established by considering the physical/biological and socio-economic environment, geological, hydrogeological and miscellaneous aspects of Faisalabad city. Potential environmental impacts and their mitigation measures had been provided to address all the major environmental concerns during the pre-construction, operational and post closure phases of the landfill. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]