158 results on '"Basharat Hussain"'
Search Results
2. Cross-cultural ethnobotany of the Baltis and Shinas in the Kharmang district, Trans-Himalaya India-Pakistan border
- Author
-
Basharat Hussain, Zaheer Abbas, Jan Alam, Nidaa Harun, Shujaul Mulk Khan, Zeeshan Ahmad, Heesup Han, Sunghoon Yoo, and António Raposo
- Subjects
Marginalized communities ,Ethnobotany ,Conservation ,Phytocultural diversity ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Human communities that inhabit the political borders live a transitional life, which is due to several socio-political and geo-climatic factors. The current cross-cultural ethnomedicinal study was conducted at the highly elevated Pakistan-India borders of the Western Himalayas in order to address the medicinal flora and folk knowledge of Balti and Shina communities. Ethnobotanical field surveys were conducted from May 2021 to September 2022. We used semi-structured interviews in order to collect the ethnomedicinal data. The collected data was analyzed using the relative frequency of the citations, use value, and Venn diagrams. A total of 140 interviews were conducted, which comprised of 90 (64.28%) Baltis and 50 (35.71%) Shinas. The interviews recorded 60 medicinal plant species that belong to 56 genera and 35 families. Asteraceae (5 spp.), Lamiaceae (5 spp.), and Apiaceae (4 spp.) were the families that were the most represented. These medicinally valued plants were being used for 55 health issues that are related to different body systems. Delphinium brunonianum, Thymus linearis, Hymenolaena candollei, Corydalis adiantifolia, and Seriphidium brevifolium were medicinal taxa with maximum RFCs and UV. The Baltis have comparatively more ethnomedicinal knowledge than the Shinas. The Baltis commonly used 22 (36.66%) species, which 34 (56.66%) were exclusive to the Baltis and 4 (6.66%) to the Shinas. Both ethnic groups collectively hold significant ethnobotanical knowledge that demands the preservation of risked folk knowledge, which is due to uncertain border situations, outmigration, and permeating allopathic drugs.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. A Novel Graph Convolutional Gated Recurrent Unit Framework for Network-Based Traffic Prediction
- Author
-
Basharat Hussain, Muhammad Khalil Afzal, Sheraz Anjum, Imran Rao, and Byung-Seo Kim
- Subjects
Intelligent transportation system ,traffic flow prediction ,traffic network graph ,gated recurrent unit ,hyperparameters optimization ,deep learning ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,TK1-9971 - Abstract
A Smart City is characterized mainly as an efficient, technologically advanced, green, and socially informed city. An intelligent transportation system (ITS) is a subset area of smart cities that enhances the safety and mobility of road vehicles. It essentially makes travel more convenient, time-efficient and improves the citizens’ quality of life. Accurate and real-time traffic prediction enables law enforcement agencies with well-informed about traffic congestion. However, accurate traffic prediction has been considered a challenging issue. Traffic prediction has restrictions on road network topology and the patterns of dynamic change in time-series data. We propose a novel deep learning framework GCST-GRU, called graph convolutional Spatio-temporal gated recurrent unit, to determine the next traffic state from traffic data. The proposed model learns complex topological structures by capturing a) spatial dependencies from data by using the graph convolution operator, and b) temporal dependencies by using the GRU neural network. Experimental results demonstrate that our framework can obtain complex Spatio-temporal correlations efficiently from the traffic network and perform better than state-of-the-art baseline models on a real-world traffic dataset. The graphical visualization by using convolution operation over the neural network shows that the model outperforms the reachability of the 3-hops neighbor effect in the traffic data graph. Additionally, the training time of the proposed framework is better than the existing state-of-the-art deep learning studies.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Longitudinal realist evaluation of the Dementia PersonAlised Care Team (D-PACT) intervention: protocol
- Author
-
Hannah Wheat, Lauren Weston, Tomasina M Oh, Sarah Morgan-Trimmer, Wendy Ingram, Sarah Griffiths, Rod Sheaff, Paul Clarkson, Antonieta Medina-Lara, Crispin Musicha, Stuart Spicer, Obioha Ukoumunne, Victoria Allgar, Siobhan Creanor, Michael Clark, Cath Quinn, Alex Gude, Rose McCabe, Saqba Batool, Lorna Smith, Debra Richards, Hannah Shafi, Bethany Warwick, Reena Lasrado, Basharat Hussain, Hannah Jones, Sonia Dalkin, Angela Bate, Ian Sherriff, Louise Robinson, and Richard Byng
- Subjects
primary health care ,dementia ,personalised care ,caregivers ,realist evaluation ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Background: Different dementia support roles exist but evidence is lacking on which aspects are best, for whom, and in what circumstances, and on their associated costs and benefits. Phase 1 of the Dementia PersonAlised Care Team programme (D-PACT) developed a post-diagnostic primary care-based intervention for people with dementia and their carers and assessed the feasibility of a trial. Aim: Phase 2 of the programme aims to 1) refine the programme theory on how, when, and for whom the intervention works; and 2) evaluate its value and impact. Design & setting: A realist longitudinal mixed-methods evaluation will be conducted in urban, rural, and coastal areas across South West and North West England where low-income or ethnic minority populations (for example, South Asian) are represented. Design was informed by patient, public, and professional stakeholder input and phase 1 findings. Method: High-volume qualitative and quantitative data will be collected longitudinally from people with dementia, carers, and practitioners. Analyses will comprise the following: 1) realist longitudinal case studies; 2) conversation analysis of recorded interactions; 3) statistical analyses of outcome and experience questionnaires; 4a) health economic analysis examining costs of delivery; and 4b) realist economic analysis of high-cost events and ‘near misses’. All findings will be synthesised using a joint display table, evidence appraisal tool, triangulation, and stakeholder co-analysis. Conclusion: The realist evaluation will describe how, why, and for whom the intervention does or does not lead to change over time. It will also demonstrate how a non-randomised design can be more appropriate for complex interventions with similar questions or populations.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Psychological intervention for a person living with amblyopia: a case study from home-based integrated care
- Author
-
Basharat Hussain, Muhammad Tahir Khalily, and Brian Hallahan
- Subjects
Disability ,amblyopia ,low vision ,Patient Management Plus ,Medicine - Abstract
Amblyopia is a common developmental disability resulting in reduced visual acuity and gaze stability; it occurs in approximately 5% of the general population. Here, we present the case of an 18-year-old girl diagnosed with amblyopia. Subsequent to her diagnosis of amblyopia, she developed a depressive episode with co-morbid anxiety symptoms. She was treated with low intensity psychological intervention, Problem Management Plus, as home-based intervention. This intervention was associated both subjectively and objectively utilising psychometric measures (i.e. psychiatric interview, depression, anxiety and stress scale, general health questionnaire) with a significant amelioration of her mental state. This case provides preliminary evidence for the effectiveness of Problem Management Plus intervention and suggests that this intervention should be considered for other individuals with similar clinical presentations. Keywords: Disability, amblyopia, low vision, Patient Management Plus.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Loneliness and social networks of older adults in rural communities: a narrative synthesis systematic review
- Author
-
Basharat Hussain, Mahrukh Mirza, Rebecca Baines, Lorna Burns, Sebastian Stevens, Sheena Asthana, and Arunangsu Chatterjee
- Subjects
loneliness ,social network ,social connections ,older adults ,rural area ,rural communities ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
IntroductionLoneliness has significant impacts on the health of older adults. Social networks help to improve psychosocial and quality of life outcomes among older adults. A fifth of older adults live in rural communities, where geographic isolation poses challenges to health. The dynamics of social networks of older adults in rural communities has not been explored.ObjectiveTo synthesize the literature related to loneliness and social networks of older adults in rural settings.MethodsA mixed-methods systematic review was conducted through searching six bibliographic databases to retrieve peer-reviewed literature with no time limits. We performed a methodological assessment of each study using a mixed method quality assessment tool. Findings are synthesized thematically.ResultsA total of 50 studies (32 quantitative, 15 qualitative, and 3 mixed methods) were included in this review. Studies were conducted in 17 different countries, the majority from China (n = 12), the UK (n = 9), and USA (n = 9). Findings revealed that social networks of older adults consist of family, friends and neighbors and continue to be developed through participation in various physical and social activities such as walking groups and participation in religious events. Social networks offer informational, functional, psychological and social support to older adults. Through their social networks, older adults feel socially connected and cared for. Successful interventions to improve social networks and address loneliness were those developed in groups or one-on-one with the older adults. The key ingredient to the positive impact of these interventions on reducing social isolation and loneliness was the formation of a social connection and regular engagement with the older adults. However, the review did not find any explicitly reported theory or model on which these interventions are based.ConclusionThe prevalence of loneliness among older adults in rural areas needs urgent attention. Social network theory and methods can help in developing interventions to address social isolation and loneliness among older adults in rural communities.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Learning social entrepreneurship: Experiences of sociology students
- Author
-
Basharat Hussain, Abdullah Zafar Sheikh, and Tehniyat Fatima
- Subjects
social entrepreneurship education ,sociology students ,higher education ,pakistan ,Business ,HF5001-6182 ,Management. Industrial management ,HD28-70 - Abstract
Social entrepreneurship paves the way for both social and economic development of a country. To learn this unique combination, social entrepreneurship education plays a vital role. It positively influences the entrepreneurial intentions of the students. Previously this education was limited to the realm of business studies, but more recently social entrepreneurship education is encompassing students from different disciplinary backgrounds. The present study aims to highlight the learning experiences of the Sociology students during Social Entrepreneurship. Thematic analysis of the textual reflective papers was conducted to highlight different aspects of their learning experiences. The students were motivated to study the course majorly because of their experience with the instructor. Financial motivations were a main driver towards the selection of the course because social entrepreneurship was viewed as a lucrative alternative owing to the rising unemployment in the country. The students highlighted that experiential learning is indispensable to social entrepreneurship education which was severely affected due to the Covid-19 pandemic as the transition towards online education took place. Gender played a significant role in the motivation and inspiration gained from the course as most female students perceived social entrepreneurship education to be a path towards financial independence. Social entrepreneurship education is a growing filed in Pakistan and the higher educational institutes must take into account the learning experiences of students with different disciplinary backgrounds to enhance the overall entrepreneurial capacity of students by overcoming the barriers that they face. The current study presents insights for the growth of social entrepreneurship education in Pakistan.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Endothelial β-Catenin Deficiency Causes Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown via Enhancing the Paracellular and Transcellular Permeability
- Author
-
Basharat Hussain, Cheng Fang, Xiaowen Huang, Ziying Feng, Yuxuan Yao, Yu Wang, and Junlei Chang
- Subjects
blood-brain barrier ,Wnt signaling ,endothelial cells ,tight junctions ,transcytosis ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) causes or contributes to neuronal dysfunction and several central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Wnt/β-catenin signaling is essential for maintaining the integrity of the adult BBB in physiological and pathological conditions, including stroke. However, how the impairment of the endothelial Wnt/β-catenin signaling results in BBB breakdown remains unclear. Furthermore, the individual contributions of different BBB permeability-inducing mechanisms, including intercellular junction damage, endothelial transcytosis, and fenestration, remains unexplored. Here, we induced β-catenin endothelial-specific conditional knockout (ECKO) in adult mice and determined its impact on BBB permeability and the underlying mechanism. β-catenin ECKO reduced the levels of active β-catenin and the mRNA levels of Wnt target genes in mice, indicating downregulation of endothelial Wnt/β-catenin signaling. β-catenin ECKO mice displayed severe and widespread leakage of plasma IgG and albumin into the cerebral cortex, which was absent in wild-type controls. Mechanistically, both the paracellular and transcellular transport routes were disrupted in β-catenin ECKO mice. First, β-catenin ECKO reduced the tight junction protein levels and disrupted the intercellular junction ultrastructure in the brain endothelium. Second, β-catenin ECKO substantially increased the number of endothelial vesicles and caveolae-mediated transcytosis through downregulating Mfsd2a and upregulating caveolin-1 expression. Interestingly, fenestration and upregulated expression of the fenestration marker Plvap were not observed in β-catenin ECKO mice. Overall, our study reveals that endothelial Wnt/β-catenin signaling maintains adult BBB integrity via regulating the paracellular as well as transcellular permeability. These findings may have broad applications in understanding and treatment of CNS disorders involving BBB disruption.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Suicidal tendencies and psychiatric symptoms as consequence of anabolic androgenic steroid usage among athletes in District Rawalpindi
- Author
-
Basharat Hussain, Muhammad Tahir Khalily, and Muhammad Athar Khalily
- Subjects
Medicine - Abstract
Objective: To elucidate the possible association between suicidal tendencies and psychiatric symptoms associated with anabolic androgenic steroid usage among athletes. Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2016 to July 2017 in Rawalpini and Wah Canttonment, Pakistan, after approval from the International Islamic University, Islamabad, and comprised male athletes aged >18 years. Those using androgenic anabolic steroid formed group A, while the non-users were in group B. In addition to demographis, data was collected using Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation and the Symptoms Checklist-90. Data was analysed using SPSS 22. ---Continue
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Intelligent Traffic Flow Prediction Using Optimized GRU Model
- Author
-
Basharat Hussain, Muhammad Khalil Afzal, Shafiq Ahmad, and Almetwally M. Mostafa
- Subjects
Traffic flow prediction ,deep learning ,gated recurrent unit ,hyperparameters optimization ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,TK1-9971 - Abstract
Facilitating citizens with accurate traffic flow prediction increases the quality of life. Roadside sensors and devices are used to capture live streams of huge data and the Internet of Things (IoT) is becoming popular for the deployment of effective Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). Traffic flow prediction from the live datastreams require building a data-driven model. This is a challenging task and has attracted researchers for better interpretation of the traffic characteristics. The core problem in traffic prediction is modeling a diversity of traffic trends and unpredictable flow variations with temporal dependencies. Initially, statistical and shallow neural network models were applied to some extent. Recently, deep learning has come up with proven and promising outcomes. Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) is a variation of recurrent neural networks used effectively for traffic flow prediction. Like other deep networks, GRU uses hyperparameters and a sliding window time-steps mechanism to prepare and tune the model. Better tuning for hyperparameters and search for optimal window size is a tedious process. In this research work, we present an algorithm for hyperparameters tuning along with sliding window steps optimization. Results obtained on a real-time public traffic dataset show a higher capability of the proposed method to reduce the error and an average gain of the optimized model over the untuned network is 4.5%. Furthermore, we apply the optimal hyperparameters obtained in the experiment to other deep learning models and present that our approach improves prediction accuracy and stability.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. 'The Elder Tree': An evaluation of Creative Writing Groups for Older People
- Author
-
Theodore Stickley, Michael Craig Watson, Ada Hui, Alessandro Bosco, Blandine French, and Basharat Hussain
- Subjects
arts ,care homes ,creative writing ,groups ,older people ,carehomes ,Arts in general ,NX1-820 ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Purpose: This evaluation study assesses the effectiveness of a creative writing programme for older people. Locations included: care homes, community-based locations, hospital wards and online. Method: Using a mixed-methods approach, the study draws upon: registration documents, facilitators’ diaries, qualitative interviews and satisfaction survey data. Both quantitative and qualitative data were independently analysed. Findings: A total of 190 people engaged with the programme, and 105 workshop sessions were delivered in six venues, with five being delivered online. A total of 653 surveys were returned, 105 facilitators’ diary entries were analysed, and 12 qualitative interviews were conducted. Six themes emerged from the qualitative analysis and these related to finding ways in which creativity can be stimulated and used for health and wellbeing. Originality: In spite of the pandemic and its effects on the planned delivery, the programme of work was very well received by participants. This may well be the only published evaluation of a programme of creative writing for older people that was partially delivered online. Writing groups for older people can be challenging, but they can prove beneficial in terms of self-expression and wellbeing. There is much potential for further development of bespoke online groups for this increasing population of older people.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Bacteriological Profile and their Susceptibility Pattern in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Tertiary Care Hospital in Wah
- Author
-
Saba Mushtaq, Sohail Ashraf, Lubna Ghazal, Rida Zahid, Basharat Hussain, and Jamila Dr
- Subjects
neonatal sepsis, antibiotic susceptibility, bacteriological profile. ,Medicine - Abstract
Introduction: Neonatal sepsis is a clinical syndrome characterized by multiple symptoms and signs of infection during the first month of life. The objective of this study is to determine the frequency of commonly isolated bacteria from patients of neonatal sepsis and their susceptibility patterns in POF hospital at Wah. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in POF Hospital Neonatal intensive care unit and Microbiology laboratory from January 2018 to December 2019. The blood samples of patients suspected with neonatal sepsis were processed as per standard methodology. Results: Out of ninety blood samples, fifty-one (56.7%) yielded the growth of Gram-negative rods and thirty-nine (43.3%) yielded Gram-positive cocci. Among Gram-positive bacteria, coagulase-negative staphylococci were the most common pathogen isolated from 53.8% cases followed by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (15.3%). Among Gram-negative bacteria, Klebsiella pneumoniae (54.90%) was the most frequently identified bacteria followed by Serratia marcescens (27.45%). The Gram-positive cocci were the most susceptible to linezolid (100%) followed by vancomycin (87.2%). The Gram-negative rods depict remarkable resistance to ciprofloxacin (92.2%), gentamicin (100%), and meropenem (54.9%). Conclusions: The study concluded a predominance of Gram-negative bacteria as a causative agent of neonatal sepsis in our setup. The bacterial isolates are highly resistant to commonly prescribed oral as well as injectable antibiotics. Implementation of infection control policies is a dire need to combat the grave situation of increasing antibiotic resistance.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Psychosocial functioning of the patient with spinal cord and whiplash injury: A case report
- Author
-
Sabir Zaman, Basharat Hussain, Shahid Irfan, and Muhammad Muslim Khan
- Subjects
Medicine - Abstract
Published in August 2021.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Blood–Brain Barrier Breakdown: An Emerging Biomarker of Cognitive Impairment in Normal Aging and Dementia
- Author
-
Basharat Hussain, Cheng Fang, and Junlei Chang
- Subjects
blood-brain barrier ,biomarkers ,cognitive impairment ,aging ,dementia ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) plays a vital role in maintaining the specialized microenvironment of the neural tissue. It separates the peripheral circulatory system from the brain parenchyma while facilitating communication. Alterations in the distinct physiological properties of the BBB lead to BBB breakdown associated with normal aging and various neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we first briefly discuss the aging process, then review the phenotypes and mechanisms of BBB breakdown associated with normal aging that further cause neurodegeneration and cognitive impairments. We also summarize dementia such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) and subsequently discuss the phenotypes and mechanisms of BBB disruption in dementia correlated with cognition decline. Overlaps between AD and VaD are also discussed. Techniques that could identify biomarkers associated with BBB breakdown are briefly summarized. Finally, we concluded that BBB breakdown could be used as an emerging biomarker to assist to diagnose cognitive impairment associated with normal aging and dementia.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Residents’ Opinions on Apartment Living in Lahore, Pakistan
- Author
-
Tehniyat Fatima, Shermeen Bano, Basharat Hussain, Rabiya Zaidi, and Asif Shahzad
- Subjects
Political science (General) ,JA1-92 ,Political institutions and public administration - Asia (Asian studies only) ,JQ1-6651 - Abstract
Vertical growth is viewed as the solution to the problem of urban housing. The present study aims to be multifocal in approaching the phenomenon of apartment living in Lahore, Pakistan. The primary focus of the research was to evaluate the satisfaction with and favorability of vertical living among the dwellers; however, the research was extended to include the in-depth experiences of adolescents regarding privacy because it was observed that this age group was being neglected severely in the distribution of privacy in apartments, as well as in research. The data was first collected from 150 respondents through a survey, and then interviews of 10 adolescents were conducted to explore notion of privacy. The findings highlight that, despite being satisfied with the infrastructural aspects of the building, the residents do not prefer vertical living over horizontal housing. The adolescents in apartments also prefer horizontal housing over vertical living to avoid the feeling of crowdedness that is associated with vertical growth due to shared space and proximity. The utilization of spaces within apartments is associated with certain elements of development of the personality during this age. The findings of the present study can be helpful for sustainable vertical housing policy development and implementation.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Updates on Clinical and Genetic Heterogeneity of ASPM in 12 Autosomal Recessive Primary Microcephaly Families in Pakistani Population
- Author
-
Niaz Muhammad Khan, Basharat Hussain, Chenqing Zheng, Ayaz Khan, Muhammad Shareef Masoud, Qingquan Gu, Linhui Qiu, Naveed Altaf Malik, Muhammad Qasim, Muhammad Tariq, and Junlei Chang
- Subjects
primary microcephaly ,MCPH5 ,whole exome sequencing ,Pakistani population ,founder effect ,Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 - Abstract
Microcephaly (MCPH) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by non-progressive intellectual disability, small head circumference, and small brain size compared with the age- and sex-matched population. MCPH manifests as an isolated condition or part of another clinical syndrome; so far, 25 genes have been linked with MCPH. Many of these genes are reported in Pakistani population, but due to a high rate of consanguinity, a significant proportion of MCPH cohort is yet to be explored. MCPH5 is the most frequently reported type, accounting for up to 68.75% alone in a genetically constrained population like Pakistan. In the current study, whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed on probands from 10 families sampled from South Waziristan and two families from rural areas of the Pakistani Punjab. Candidate variants were validated through Sanger sequencing in all available family members. Variant filtering and in silico analysis identified three known mutations in ASPM, a MCPH5-associated gene. The founder mutation p.Trp1326* was segregating in 10 families, which further confirmed the evidence that it is the most prominent mutation in Pashtun ethnicity living in Pakistan and Afghanistan. Furthermore, the previously known mutations p.Arg3244* and p.Arg1019* were inherited in two families with Punjab ethnic profile. Collectively, this study added 12 more families to the mutational paradigm of ASPM and expanded the Pakistani MCPH cohort.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Consumers’ Opinions on the Plastic Bag Ban and Using Eco-Friendly Bags for Shopping in Pakistan
- Author
-
Maryam Zaheer, Basharat Hussain, Tehniyat Fatima, and Alison Edgley
- Subjects
Political science (General) ,JA1-92 ,Political institutions and public administration - Asia (Asian studies only) ,JQ1-6651 - Abstract
To address threats to the natural environment, the government in Pakistan has banned use of plastic bags for shopping. The concept of governmentality presented by Michel Foucault explores the techniques of governance and defines law not just as the manifestation of sovereign power but also as a technique of governance involving a range of organized practices designed to shape mentalities to achieve certain desired ends in subjects which claim to be for the welfare of the population. The present study explores the perceptions of the consumers regarding the rationality of the government behind the ban and also highlights the effectiveness of the use of law as a technique of governance. A qualitative approach was used by conducting fifteen interviews with young consumers selected through convenience sampling. The findings suggest that the rationality of the government behind the ban was received well by the consumers and the ban was viewed as a positive and pro-environmental step. The use of law as a technique of governance also proved to be effective in the said case because the people did not perceive the law as coercive despite the radical change it brought to their shopping practices. The present study contributes to the development of the theoretical understanding of governmentality and its sub-concept of the use of law as a technique of governance.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Access to and interventions to improve maternity care services for immigrant women: a narrative synthesis systematic review
- Author
-
Gina MA Higginbottom, Catrin Evans, Myfanwy Morgan, Kuldip K Bharj, Jeanette Eldridge, Basharat Hussain, and Karen Salt
- Subjects
maternity ,immigration ,interventions ,access to services ,systematic review ,narrative ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Background: In 2016, over one-quarter of births in the UK (28.2%) were to foreign-born women. Maternal and perinatal mortality are disproportionately higher among some immigrants depending on country of origin, indicating the presence of deficits in their care pathways and birth outcomes. Objectives: Our objective was to undertake a systematic review and narrative synthesis of empirical research that focused on access and interventions to improve maternity care for immigrant women, including qualitative, quantitative and mixed-methods studies. Review methods: An information scientist designed the literature database search strategies (limited to retrieve literature published from 1990 to 2018). All retrieved citations (45,954) were independently screened by two or more team members using a screening tool. We searched grey literature reported in related databases and websites. We contacted stakeholders with subject expertise. In this review we define an immigrant as a person who relocates to the destination country for a minimum of 1 year, with the goal of permanent residence. Results: We identified 40 studies for inclusion. Immigrant women tended to book and access antenatal care later than the recommended first 10 weeks of pregnancy. Primary factors included limited English-language skills, lack of awareness of availability of the services, lack of understanding of the purpose of antenatal appointments, immigration status and income barriers. Immigrant women had mixed perceptions regarding how health-care professionals (HCPs) had delivered maternity care services. Those with positive perceptions felt that HCPs were caring, confidential and openly communicative. Those with negative views perceived HCPs as rude, discriminatory or insensitive to their cultural and social needs; these women therefore avoided accessing maternity care. We found very few interventions that had focused on improving maternity care for these women and the effectiveness of these interventions has not been rigorously evaluated. Limitations: Our review findings are limited by the available research evidence related to our review questions. There may be many aspects of immigrant women’s experiences that we have not addressed. For example, few studies exist for perinatal mental health in immigrant women from Eastern European countries (in the review period). Many studies included both immigrant and non-immigrant women. Conclusions: Available evidence suggests that the experiences of immigrant women in accessing and using maternity care services in the UK are mixed; however, women largely had poor experiences. Contributing factors included a lack of language support, cultural insensitivity, discrimination and poor relationships between immigrant women and HCPs. Furthermore, a lack of knowledge of legal entitlements and guidelines on the provision of welfare support and maternity care to immigrants compounds this. Future work: Studies are required on the development of interventions and rigorous scientific evaluation of these interventions. Development and evaluation of online antenatal education resources in multiple languages. Development and appraisal of education packages for HCPs focused on the provision of culturally safe practice for the UK’s diverse population. The NHS in the UK has a hugely diverse workforce with a vast untapped linguistic resource; strategies could be developed to harness this resource. Study registration: This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42015023605. Funding: This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Services and Delivery Research programme and will be published in full in Health Services and Delivery Research; Vol. 8, No. 14. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA INTEGRATED POPULATION HEALTH SURVEY (KP-IPHS) 2016-17
- Author
-
Zia Ul Haq, Sheraz Fazid, Najma Sultana, Aliya Hisam, Basharat Hussain Shah, Nauman Arif, Muhammad Ameen, Fazal Nabi, Noor Sanauddin, and Akhtar Sherin
- Subjects
Demography ,Rural Population ,Urban Population ,Health Surveys ,socioeconomic factors ,Pakistan ,Medicine - Abstract
OBJECTIVES:To conduct a population-wide representative survey to collect multi-dimensional information on the various aspects of individual, household, and population health in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan. METHODS:A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling is used in 24 districts of KP conducted from 2016-2017. Urban-areas are divided into enumeration blocks based on the low-, middle- and high-income groups and rural-areas are divided into mohallas/villages respectively. These are the primary sampling units (PSU’s). Each enumeration block/village/mohallas comrises of 250-300 households (secondary sampling units). Line listing of the selected enumeration blocks for urban and mohallas/villages for rural-areas are done to select 12 household per urban enumeration block and 16 households per rural PSU. The total sample size of the study is 15,724 households (3756 urban areas & 11968 rural areas). Three sets of questionnaires are used: • A household questionnaire (consisting of demographic, and socioeconomic characteristics of all household members) • A questionnaire for ever-married women aged 15-49 years (consisting of infant and maternal mortality, maternal and newborn health, contraception, child vaccination, and nutrition) • A health questionnaire for adults aged ≥18 years (consisting of anthropometry, communicable and non-communicable diseases, stroke, disability, health-related quality of life, physical activity, dietary recall, tobacco use, environmental health, and medicine used). Ethical approval has been taken from the ethical committee of the Khyber Medical University, Peshawar. The data will be entered and analysed in STATA version-14. DISCUSSION:The outcomes of the survey could be used as an evidence to bring reforms in the health and population welfare policies.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Television as a Moderator Between Narcissism and Self-Promoting Behavior on Facebook
- Author
-
Asghar Ali Shah, Mujeem M Bhatti, Ahmad A Ansari, Basharat Hussain, and Gulshan Tara
- Subjects
narcissism ,Facebook ,self-promoting behavior ,time spent on tv ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
There is a debate going on in the present literature that how narcissism predicts several behaviors on social networking sites but the search for potential moderators of that relationship was not given much attention. A survey that assesses narcissism, time spent on TV and self-promoting behavior on Facebook was conducted with 151 undergraduate and post graduate students. Our finding indicates that narcissism and time spent on TV has significant positive relationship with self-promoting behavior on Facebook. The relationship between narcissism and self- promoting behavior is found to be significantly moderated by time spent on TV. The findings are discussed in the context of learning self-enhancing through exposure to TV programs and imitating that behavior for self-regulation by narcissistic individuals through social media.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Castleman's Disease: An Interesting Cause of Hematuria
- Author
-
Sotonye Karl Tolofari, Wai-Man Chow, and Basharat Hussain
- Subjects
Hematuria ,Castleman's disease ,Bladder ,Lymph node ,Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,RC870-923 - Abstract
Castleman's disease is a rare benign lymphoproliferative disorder, characterized by benign growths of the lymph node tissue. It is associated with a number of malignancies, including Kaposi sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's and Hodgkins lymphoma, and POEMS syndrome. This report describes the case of a 38 year old gentleman, presenting with painless hematuria. Initial investigations, including flexible cystoscopy were unremarkable. However, subsequent imaging including CT Urogram and MR pelvis revealed multiple prevesical lesions. Histology obtained from excision biopsy revealed histological features consistent with Castleman's disease. In this report we discuss the nature, presentation and treatment modalities of this rare condition.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. A numerical technique based on Legendre wavelet for linear and nonlinear hyperbolic telegraph equation.
- Author
-
Basharat Hussain, Mo Faheem, and Arshad Khan
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Angular distributions of atmospheric cosmic muons at the Earth: A study with PYTHIA8.
- Author
-
Wani, Basharat Hussain, Sinha, Tinku, Banerjee, Gourab, and Bari, Waseem
- Abstract
In this work, the angular distribution of atmospheric cosmic muons is studied using PYTHIA8 simulations, comparing it to the experimental data. The standalone code in PYTHIA8 consists of an atmosphere of only nitrogen molecules. Here, the standalone code has been augmented adding oxygen molecules with a relative abundance of 78:22 (Nitrogen:Oxygen) to resemble a more realistic atmosphere. The vertical flux intensity (Iμ(θ)) of cosmic muons varies with zenith angle as a function of cosnθ, where θ is the zenith angle and
n is the exponent term. The vertical flux intensity of cosmic muons has been characterized as a function of zenith angle (θ), momentum (p ) and energy (E ). Simulations are compared to the experimental results found in the literature and to the measurements performed at the surface laboratories of SINP (Kolkata) and JUSL (Jadugoda) at two different latitudes and altitudes in May 2024. The integrated vertical muon flux (Iμ(0)) and the exponent term (n ) are extracted by fitting each experimental dataset. The simulated vertical flux intensity (Iμ(θ)) as a function of the zenith angle (θ) of cosmic muons shows a good level of agreement with the spectral shape of our experimental data as well as with that from literature. This study highlights the relevance of PYHTIA8 in the context of air-shower simulations, improving its predictive power by incorporating a more realistic atmospheric model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Effectiveness of locally produced ready-to-use supplementary foods on the prevention of stunting in children aged 6–23 months: a community-based trial from Pakistan.
- Author
-
Fazid, Sheraz, Haq, Zia Ul, Gillani, Basharat Hussain, Khan, Abdul Jalil, Khan, Muhammad Naseem, Khan, Aslam, Garzon, Cecilia, Habib, Ijaz, Tanimoune, Mahamadou, Ihtesham, Yasir, and Heald, Adrian H.
- Subjects
PREVENTION of malnutrition ,REPEATED measures design ,T-test (Statistics) ,CLINICAL trials ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,CHI-squared test ,CHILD development ,ANALYSIS of variance ,CLUSTER sampling ,GROWTH disorders ,ENRICHED foods ,DATA analysis software ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,DIETARY supplements ,PROPORTIONAL hazards models ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Undernutrition is a major public health problem in developing countries. Around 40·2 % of children are stunted in Pakistan. This longitudinal study aimed to assess the effectiveness of locally produced ready-to-use supplementary foods in the prevention of stunting by detecting change in of children in intervention v. control arm against the 2006 WHO growth reference. A community-based non-randomised cluster-controlled trial was conducted from January 2018 to December 2020 in the district of Kurram, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A total of 80 clusters (each cluster comprising ≈ 250–300 households) were defined in the catchment population of twelve health facilities. Children aged 6–18 months were recruited n 1680. The intervention included a daily ration of 50 g – locally produced ready-to-use-supplementary food (Wawa-Mum). The main outcome of this study was a change in length for age z-score (LAZ) v. WHO growth standards. Comparison between the interventions was by t test and ANOVA. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the association between stunting occurrence and the utilisation of locally produced supplement. Out of the total 1680, fifty-one out of the total 1680, 51·1 out of the total 1680 and 51·1 % (n 859) were male. Mean age 13·9 months (sd + 859) were male. Mean age 13·9 months (sd + –4·4). At baseline, 36·9 % (n 618) were stunted. In the intervention group, mean LAZ score significantly increased from −1·13(2·2 sd) at baseline to −0·93(1·8 sd) at 6-month follow-up (P value 0·01) compared with the control group. The incidence rate of stunting in the intervention arm was 1·3 v. 3·4 per person year in the control arm. The control group had a significantly increased likelihood of stunting (Hazard Ratio (HR) 1·7, 95 % CI 1·46, 2·05, P value < 0·001) v. the intervention group. Locally produced ready-to-use supplementary food is an effective intervention for reducing stunting in children below 2 years of age. This can be provided as part of a malnutrition prevention package to overcome the alarming rates of stunting in Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Effectiveness of Locally Produced Ready to Use Supplementary Foods on the Prevention of Stunting in children aged 6-23 months: A Community based trial from Pakistan
- Author
-
Fazid, Sheraz, primary, Ul-Haq, Zia, additional, Gillani, Basharat Hussain, additional, Khan, Abdul Jalil, additional, Khan, Muhammad Naseem, additional, Khan, Aslam, additional, Garzon, Cecilia, additional, Habib, Ijaz, additional, Tanimoune, Mahamadou, additional, Ihtesham, Yasir, additional, and Heald, Adrian H, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Visual vehicle detection scheme on low-powered embedded GPU.
- Author
-
Basharat Hussain, Shah Nawaz, and Muhammad Haroon Yousaf
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. A multicomponent equimolar proton-conducting quadruple hexagonal perovskite-related oxide system
- Author
-
Abid Ullah, Basharat Hussain, Yong Youn, Hyung-Bin Bae, Jong-Eun Hong, Dong Woo Joh, Seung-Bok Lee, Rak-Hyun Song, Tae Woo Kim, Tak-Hyoung Lim, and Hye-Sung Kim
- Subjects
Inorganic Chemistry - Abstract
Since the high configurational entropy-driven structural stability of a multicomponent oxide system was proposed by Rost et al. in 2015, many experiments and simulations have been done to develop new multicomponent oxides.
- Published
- 2023
28. Sociodemographic characteristics and related factors of substance use in Pakistan; a retrospective study
- Author
-
Sabir Zaman, Basharat Hussain, Shahid Irfan, Alam Zeb Khattak, and Azmat Shaheen
- Subjects
Health (social science) ,Medicine (miscellaneous) - Published
- 2022
29. Type 2 diabetes prevalence in Pakistan: what is driving this? Clues from subgroup analysis of normal weight individuals in diabetes prevalence survey of Pakistan
- Author
-
Aamir, Azizul Hasan, Ul-Haq, Zia, Fazid, Sheraz, Shah, Basharat Hussain, Raza, Abbas, Jawa, Ali, Mahar, Saeed A., Ahmad, Ibrar, Qureshi, Faisal Masood, and Heald, Adrian H.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Unveiling the Potential of BaCe 0.55 Zr 0.3 Y 0.15 O 3-δ - Nd 1.5 Ba 1.5 CoFeMnO 9−δ (BCZY-NBCFM) Composite Cathodes for Improved IT-SOFC Efficiency
- Author
-
Abid Ullah and Basharat Hussain
- Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
- Published
- 2023
31. Political Patriarchy: An Obstruction in the Way of Optimum Performance by Women Legislators from KP
- Author
-
Sumera Farid and Basharat Hussain
- Subjects
General Medicine - Abstract
Women constitute half of the global population, but their voice in the policy making bodies is absent.Pakistan under Pervez Musharraf introduced reserved seats for women at all three levels of the country's politic sin 2002. This study about the performance of women legislators of KP revealed that as opposed to the provincial assembly of KP, women's contribution to parliamentary business in the national assembly was better than men's.Moreover, the political patriarchy was found to hinder the participation of women in the decision-making.Women MNAs on reserved seats were not given funds rendering them unable to involve in community projects and develop vote banks and brighten their prospects of contesting elections in future. Women MPAs in the KP assembly received discretionary funds, but there have been allegations that their respective parties used it for political gains, and the money was spent in the constituencies of male members on general seats
- Published
- 2022
32. Overcoming COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among ethnic minorities: A systematic review of UK studies
- Author
-
Basharat, Hussain, Asam, Latif, Stephen, Timmons, Kennedy, Nkhoma, and Laura B, Nellums
- Subjects
Vaccines ,COVID-19 Vaccines ,General Veterinary ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,COVID-19 ,United Kingdom ,Infectious Diseases ,Ethnic and Racial Minorities ,Ethnicity ,Humans ,Molecular Medicine ,Vaccination Hesitancy ,Minority Groups - Abstract
Ethnic minority communities in the UK have been disproportionately affected by the pandemic, with increased risks of infection, severe disease, and death. Hesitancy around the COVID-19 vaccine may be contributing to disparities in vaccine delivery to ethnic minority communities. This systematic review aims to strengthen understanding of COVID-19 vaccine concerns among ethnic minorities in the UK. Five databases were searched in February 2022, yielding 24 peer-reviewed studies reporting on vaccine hesitancy or acceptance in ethnic minority groups. Data were extracted using a standardised form, and quality assessment was carried out using the Standard Quality Criteria. There were three key themes: (1). Prevalence of vaccine hesitancy; (2). Reasons for vaccine hesitancy and acceptance; and (3). Recommendations to address vaccine concerns. Vaccine hesitancy, which was more common among some ethnic minority groups, is a complex phenomenon, driven by misinformation, mistrust, concerns about safety and efficacy, and structural and systemic inequities. Community engagement and tailored communication may help to address vaccine concerns. Robust data disaggregated by ethnicities are needed to better understand barriers and facilitators for COVID-19 vaccine delivery in ethnic minority communities. Strategies to address structural disadvantage need to be inclusive, comprehensive, and behaviorally informed and foster confidence in healthcare systems and governments. Community leaders and health care practitioners may prove to be the most important agents in creating an environment of trust within ethnic minority groups.
- Published
- 2022
33. CONFIRMATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS OF URDU TRANSLATED CLINICIAN-ADMINISTERED PTSD (POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER ) SCALE
- Author
-
Sabir Zaman, Kehkashan Arouj, Shahid Irfan, Basharat Hussain, and Muhammad Arif
- Subjects
General Medicine - Abstract
Objectives; Assessment methods for psychological distress are not properly established for people of diverse cultural background. In Diagnostic Statistical Manual (DSM-5) PTSD is categorized trauma related disorder, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale is golden standard to assess PTSD, and was adopted DSM-5 (CAPS-5). The study aimed to develop an Urdu translation of CAPS-5 and its psychometric properties. Although, a well-developed and established approach of translation and adaptation was used for CAPS-5 Methods; The study was conducted to translate CAPS-5 by using the steps forward translation (from English to Urdu), and back translation (Urdu to English). The psychometric properties of the scale were assessed using the bilingual sample of individuals from general population, who have the history of trauma, and injury. Total 317 individuals were participated in the study. For data collection two step approach was used. Initially, the participants respond to Urdu Version of CAPS-5, and then participants answered to original English, (CAPS-5). Results; The current study showed that first order (RMSEA value < .05), and second order model the RMSEA value .03, < .05 good fit for PTSD symptom level. The factor loading was statistically positive and significant, which indicated that all items contributing to PTSD symptoms. Conclusion; The result showed that Urdu version of CAPS-5 have good model fit which was statistically significant and positive for the sample of trauma survivors. Keywords: Factor Analysis, Clinician Administered, PTSD
- Published
- 2022
34. Morphologial and Anatomical Studies of Tea Varieties and Clones Grown at Nthri, Shinkiari, Mansehra, Pakistan
- Author
-
Kamal, Danish, primary, Khan, Muhammad Abbass, additional, Mujtaba-Shah, Ghulam, additional, Ahmed, Naveed, additional, Iqbal, Maryam, additional, Shah, Basharat Hussain, additional, and Ahmed, Imtiaz, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. A Conjucture About the Compiler/Author of 'Sarf Bahaai'
- Author
-
Basharat Hussain Waqar
- Abstract
”صرف بہائی“ دےمؤلف بارے اک قیاس آرائی Research is the name of seeking, confirming and publicizing the truth. There is not at all any room for conjecture in it. Conjecture gives birth to doubt and breeds dubiety. Dr. Mahr Abdul Haq has declared “SARF BAHAAI”, a compilation / composition of Hazrat Bahauddin Zakria Multani (R.A), whereby ignoring the facts, merely on the basis of conjecture. It is, in actuality, the composition of Bahauddin Aamli (R.A). It is written in Dr. Mahr Abdul Haq’s article titled “Hazrat Bahauddin Zakria Multani (R.A)”, published in “Adab Khazeenay” the text book of Elective Punjabi for class 11th that “SARF BAHAAI” is the composition of Hazrat Bahauddin Zakria Multani (R.A). This misconception is transferring from generation to generation because of being included in the curriculum. The miscue in the past research can be rectified with the research as well. In this thesis, Dr. Abdul Haq’s assertion has been refuted argumentatively.
- Published
- 2022
36. 'The Elder Tree': An evaluation of Creative Writing Groups for Older People
- Author
-
Blandine French, Michael Craig Watson, Alessandro Bosco, Ada Hui, Theodore Stickley, and Basharat Hussain
- Subjects
Medicine (General) ,arts ,creative writing ,Arts in general ,groups ,Pharmaceutical Science ,NX1-820 ,Visual arts ,older people ,Tree (data structure) ,R5-920 ,carehomes ,Complementary and alternative medicine ,Creative writing ,Pharmacology (medical) ,care homes ,Psychology ,Older people - Abstract
Purpose: This evaluation study assesses the effectiveness of a creative writing programme for older people. Locations included: care homes, community-based locations, hospital wards and online. Method: Using a mixed-methods approach, the study draws upon: registration documents, facilitators’ diaries, qualitative interviews and satisfaction survey data. Both quantitative and qualitative data were independently analysed. Findings: A total of 190 people engaged with the programme, and 105 workshop sessions were delivered in six venues, with five being delivered online. A total of 653 surveys were returned, 105 facilitators’ diary entries were analysed, and 12 qualitative interviews were conducted. Six themes emerged from the qualitative analysis and these related to finding ways in which creativity can be stimulated and used for health and wellbeing. Originality: In spite of the pandemic and its effects on the planned delivery, the programme of work was very well received by participants. This may well be the only published evaluation of a programme of creative writing for older people that was partially delivered online. Writing groups for older people can be challenging, but they can prove beneficial in terms of self-expression and wellbeing. There is much potential for further development of bespoke online groups for this increasing population of older people.
- Published
- 2021
37. Haar Wavelet Series Method for Solving Simultaneous Proportional Delay Differential Equations
- Author
-
Basharat Hussain and Afroz Afroz
- Published
- 2022
38. Pregnancy related cultural food practices among Pakistani women in the UK: a qualitative study
- Author
-
Josephine NwaAmaka Bardi, Tehniyat Fatima, and Basharat Hussain
- Subjects
Pregnancy ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,Maternal and child health ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Immigration ,Life events ,Homeland ,medicine.disease ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Maternity and Midwifery ,medicine ,Food practices ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Sociology ,Socioeconomics ,Qualitative research ,media_common - Abstract
Background Food practices are influenced by cultural traditions which continue to be important among immigrant groups in their new homeland, especially during significant life events, such as marriage, pregnancy and funerals, as well as for religious ceremonies and festivities. Aim This study aims to explore pregnancy related food practices among first generation Pakistani women living in the UK. Methods A total of 10 first-generation immigrant women were recruited through a voluntary organisation following a convenience sampling technique and were interviewed. Findings The data revealed that the women attached different symbolic meanings to their food practices, particularly relating to pregnancy. These findings were based on 1) their understanding of the changes their body experienced during pregnancy and 2) responding to these changes through the consumption and/or avoidance of certain foods. Conclusion Understanding the cultural contexts of Pakistani women in the UK is important in order to promote healthy food patterns for that cohort during pregnancy.
- Published
- 2021
39. Psychosocial functioning of the patient with spinal cord and whiplash injury: A case report
- Author
-
Basharat Hussain, Sabir Zaman, Muhammad Muslim Khan, and Shahid Irfan
- Subjects
Upper Arms ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Neck pain ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Spinal cord ,medicine.disease ,humanities ,Whiplash injury ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Soft tissue injury ,medicine ,Whiplash ,Physical therapy ,Psychological testing ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Psychosocial - Abstract
Whiplash is a soft tissue injury of the cervical spine that is generally caused by trauma from a motor vehicle accident or gunshot. It is associated with a wide range of clinical symptoms, including neck pain and stiffness, pain and restricted movement in the upper arms. We report the manifestations of this trauma within the beliefs and psychological functioning based on a comprehensive psychological assessment that include a review of hospital records, clinical examinations, a structured clinical interview, an inventory of psychosocial function, and a post-traumatic maladaptive belief scale. The results show that the patient's traumatic cervical syndrome manifested as moderate impairment in friendships and romantic relationships which reveal severe daily impairment in work, parenting, and self-care activities. The study further suggests that the injury is associated with maladaptive beliefs and significant impairment in psychosocial functioning.
- Published
- 2021
40. Health Help-Seeking Behavior: The Scavengers’ Perspective
- Author
-
Beenish Malik, Novel Lyndon, Yew Wong Chin, Basharat Hussain, and Sehrish Malik
- Subjects
Help-Seeking Behavior ,help-seeking behavior ,Afghan refugee ,scavenger ,health care utilization ,qualitative research ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Health Facilities ,Patient Acceptance of Health Care ,Health Services Accessibility ,Qualitative Research - Abstract
Scavengers are prone to various health problems, hence seeking healthcare is inevitable. Despite the importance of the help-seeking behavior of scavengers, it has not been addressed explicitly in the existing literature. Addressing this gap, this study intends to explore the help-seeking behavior of scavengers and to identify the factors that influence healthcare utilization among them. This qualitative study conducted thirty-one in-depth interviews through a semi-structured interview guide and analyzed them using thematic analysis. Andersen’s Behavioral Model of Health Service Use was employed to explore the findings. The findings showed that the scavengers utilized multiple healthcare options depending on the severity and reoccurrence of the illness. The process of help-seeking and health services utilization was largely influenced by the cost of the health service, long distance to the health facility, traveling cost and waiting time. The study highlights the need for scavengers’ enrolment in micro health insurance schemes. The initiative would facilitate scavengers’ access to medical care. Health awareness campaigns and the provision of free mobile medical services, especially at the landfill sites, would also improve curative treatment among scavengers.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. A rare case of obstructive supracardiac TAPVR (Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return) with aberrant right subclavian artery
- Author
-
Basharat Hussain, Sabiha Khan, Waqas Ali, Karachi. Nicvd, Asif Ali Khuhro, Shakeel Ahmed, and Fazal ur Rehman
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Internal medicine ,Rare case ,cardiovascular system ,medicine ,Cardiology ,Aberrant right subclavian artery ,business ,Total anomalous pulmonary venous return - Abstract
Congenital aortic arch malformations manifest a broad-spectrum of differences and abnormalities that come from disturbed embryogenesis of branchial arches. Current case was a 10 months old baby girl with length of 69 cm (less than –3 SD) and weight of 5.5 kg (less than –3 SD). The patient had history of recurrent lower respiratory tract infections since the time of birth and failure to gain adequate weight since the time of birth. The patient has been having multiple check-ups with registered medical practitioners in the nearby locality and multiple courses of antibiotics with only partial resolution of symptoms. The 2-D echocardiogram showed her to be a case of supracardiac type of “Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR)”. All pulmonary veins making a confluence and draining into the right atrium. Significant turbulence observed at the level of superior vena cava to right atrium junction. A level of obstruction was recorded at the junction of the confluence of pulmonary veins and the vertical vein. There was aberrant right subclavian artery from the aortic arch as its third branch with no obstruction or aneurysm formation, having retrotracheal and esophageal course.
- Published
- 2021
42. Peripheral inflammation and blood–brain barrier disruption: effects and mechanisms
- Author
-
Junlei Chang, Basharat Hussain, and Xiao-Wen Huang
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Central nervous system ,Context (language use) ,Inflammation ,Review Article ,blood–brain barrier ,Blood–brain barrier ,Cell therapy ,03 medical and health sciences ,inflammatory factors ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immune system ,Physiology (medical) ,Animals ,Humans ,Medicine ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Review Articles ,Pharmacology ,business.industry ,Brain ,COVID-19 ,Endothelial Cells ,central nervous system ,medicine.disease ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Blood-Brain Barrier ,cardiovascular system ,Inflammation Mediators ,molecular mechanism ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Cytokine storm ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Homeostasis - Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is an important physiological barrier that separates the central nervous system (CNS) from the peripheral circulation, which contains inflammatory mediators and immune cells. The BBB regulates cellular and molecular exchange between the blood vessels and brain parenchyma. Normal functioning of the BBB is crucial for the homeostasis and proper function of the brain. It has been demonstrated that peripheral inflammation can disrupt the BBB by various pathways, resulting in different CNS diseases. Recently, clinical research also showed CNS complications following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐T cell therapy, which both lead to a cytokine storm in the circulation. Therefore, elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the BBB disruption induced by peripheral inflammation will provide an important basis for protecting the CNS in the context of exacerbated peripheral inflammatory diseases. In the present review, we first summarize the physiological properties of the BBB that makes the CNS an immune‐privileged organ. We then discuss the relevance of peripheral inflammation‐induced BBB disruption to various CNS diseases. Finally, we elaborate various factors and mechanisms of peripheral inflammation that disrupt the BBB.
- Published
- 2020
43. Dodgy labour market dichotomy: the repercussions of sneaky labour intermediaries on employees’ constitutional rights
- Author
-
Atif Saleem Butt, Basharat Hussain, Stephen Timmons, and Abdullah Zafar Sheikh
- Subjects
Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management ,History ,Labour economics ,05 social sciences ,050209 industrial relations ,Flexibility (personality) ,ComputerApplications_COMPUTERSINOTHERSYSTEMS ,06 humanities and the arts ,Variety (cybernetics) ,060104 history ,Labor relations ,Intermediary ,Work (electrical) ,0502 economics and business ,Agency (sociology) ,0601 history and archaeology ,Business ,Employment Agencies, Workers’ Statutory Rights, Dubious Employment Intermediaries, Labor relations - Abstract
Purpose: The flexibility inherent in temporary agency work allows employers to cut labour cost in a variety of ways. Recurring themes in the employment literature draw attention to the duality of the labour market rooted in type-of-contract segmentation. This duality in the labour market carries with it a number of undesirable consequences. Design: Drawing on qualitative data from six case studies in Pakistan, this paper reports on an in-depth study of deceitful labour market intermediaries, through which employers attempt to bypass statutory obligations concerning workers’ constitutional rights. Findings: A case study inquiry, based on qualitative interviews, suggested that the agencies were ‘created’ or ‘arranged’ to illustrate indirectness of employment relationship by misclassifying effectively permanent employees as ‘agency workers’. The evidence points towards a growing trend for agencies to be simply a sham arrangement.Originality: This study broadened our comprehension about the nature of temporary agency employment and subsequent labour market duality in Pakistan, beyond the traditional functional model of legitimate labor market intermediaries. A picture of precarious work from Pakistan being a large and growing economy shares many features in common with the rest of the world. These findings offer useful policy and social implications for national and multinational companies.
- Published
- 2020
44. COVID-19 boosters and building trust among UK minority ethnic communities
- Author
-
Laura B Nellums, Asam Latif, Kennedy Nkhoma, Stephen Timmons, Manish Pareek, Salma Almidani, and Basharat Hussain
- Subjects
Ethnicity ,COVID-19 ,Humans ,General Medicine ,Trust ,Minority Groups ,United Kingdom - Published
- 2022
45. Ethnic mental health inequalities and mental health policies in England 1999-2020
- Author
-
Basharat Hussain, Ada Hui, Stephen Timmons, and Kennedy Nkhoma
- Subjects
Psychiatry and Mental health ,Mental health policy, Mental health inequalities, minority ethnicity, National Health Service (NHS), Policy implementation, Organizational behaviour ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health - Abstract
Purpose This paper presents a thematic synthesis of mental health policies published in England from 1999 to 2020. Design/methodology/approach This paper aims to present a thematic synthesis of mental health policies published in England from 1999 to 2020. The authors specifically focus on ethnicity-related mental health issues highlighted in policies, policy recommendations and performance measurements of policy implementation. Findings Findings from this synthesis demonstrate that ethnic mental health inequalities remain comparable over the past two decades. Ongoing issues include a lack of data on the ethnicity of mental health services users. Where data is available, these highlight ethnic inequalities in access to, experiences of and outcomes of mental health services, as well as a lack of cultural capability in health-care professionals. Policy recommendations have also remained the same during this time and include: collecting data on the ethnicity of service users, raising awareness of the cultural needs of Black and Minority ethnic populations amongst health-care professionals, recruiting BME staff into mental health care services and improving community engagement. The synthesis identified poor indicators of performance measurement on policy implementation and weak monitoring regimes. Practical implications The synthesis identified poor indicators of performance measurement on policy implementation and weak monitoring regimes. Originality/value This paper presents a thematic synthesis of mental health policies published in England from 1999 to 2020.
- Published
- 2022
46. Performance measurement and management in the British higher education sector
- Author
-
Abdullah Zafar Sheikh, John Chandler, Basharat Hussain, and Stephen Timmons
- Subjects
Statistics and Probability ,General Social Sciences - Abstract
Purpose: Theoretical enquiry and empirical studies demonstrate the significance of performance management (PM) in the higher education sector and it is a fulcrum for developing a strategic role for people management within universities. In spite of the perceived weaknesses of people management in the higher education sector, in general, the current period of rapid and substantial contextual change may necessitate greater formalisation of HR practices across the British higher education sector. In addition to the changing role of the HR function and line managers, these developments may result in an increasingly stringent performance regime across the sector, especially in more hard-pressed institutions. Through a literature review and a pilot study, this paper attempts to address two main research questions: i) what are the current performance management practices in the British Higher Education sector? and ii) what needs to be done to strategically align these practices within HEIs in the UK? Design/Methodology/Approach: This paper discusses the wider literature related to performance management in general and to academic institutions in particular. We also undertook a small-scale qualitative study to explore the views of HR professionals on the need for, and the current performance measurement systems in their universities in the UK. Findings: The preliminary findings confirmed that PM is a key issue in the respondents' institutions, with substantial and recent changes in policy. This underscores the need for a large-scale research agenda to capture the current dynamics of change the sector is undergoing. Originality: The paper concludes by stimulating a policy debate and placing a number of research calls, along with suggestions on how these research questions may be investigated.
- Published
- 2022
47. Output and Employment Performance of Primary Sector: Evidence from Post-Soviet Kazakhstan
- Author
-
Javaid Ahmad Bhat and Basharat Hussain Bhat
- Abstract
The paper evaluates the performance of primary sector of Kazakhstan economy from output and employment perspective since independence. To evaluate the economic performance of primary sector average growth rate (AGR), average annual growth rate (AAGR) and compound annual growth rate (CAGR) have been calculated at decadal end points and for whole period of 28 years. The primary sector of Kazakhstan has played an important role in its growth trajectory but its contribution to both output and employment has declined over the years. Primary sector output share has declined from 9.59% in 1991 to 5.07% in 2018, while the share of primary sector employment has declined from 41.50% in 1991 to 17.90% in 2018, thus showing a decline of 23.60%. A major decline in employment contribution of primary sector has taken place in the last two decades and can be attributed to economic diversification and structural transformation that has taken place over the period of time.
- Published
- 2022
48. Biomass-Derived Materials for Lithium Secondary Batteries
- Author
-
Basharat Hussain, Abid Ullah, Wasim Abbas, and Sayed Sajid Hussain
- Published
- 2022
49. A rare case of Wilms Tumor in the right atrium
- Author
-
Fazal-ur Rehman, Sabiha Khan, Basharat Hussain, Shakeel Ahmed, Waqas Ali, and Asif Ali Khuhro
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,business.industry ,Rare case ,medicine ,Right atrium ,Wilms' tumor ,Radiology ,business ,medicine.disease - Abstract
Improvement in outcome of Malignant solid tumor cases is credited to existence of well-defined guidelines and protocols and integrated treatment modalities involving chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy. The present case describes a rare case of Wilms tumor extending from the left kidney to left renal vein and then via inferior vena cava into the right atrium. This patients was 5 years of age and resident of Karachi presented to the outdoor of National Institute of Child Health (NICH) with the complaints of progressively increasing abdominal distension over the last two months that exacerbated with the agony of swelling in both lower limbs. On physical examination, a mass was palpable in the left abdominal area not crossing the midline. On initial scrutiny with haematological testing and the basic radiology workup in the form of ultrasound abdomen, the patient was found to have a mass originating in the left kidney and invading the left renal vein. CT scan abdomen with contrast revealed that the patient had a heterogeneously enhancing mass of 12 X 9 cm originating from the left kidney and invading the left renal vein. The size of the tumor encroaching into the right atrium cavity was 19.5 X 20.5 mm.
- Published
- 2021
50. A Conjucture About the Compiler/Author of “Sarf Bahaai”
- Author
-
Waqar, Basharat Hussain, primary
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.