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Netsanet Fekadu, Hirut Basha, Asfaw Meresa, Sileshi Degu, Biruktawit Girma, Bekesho Geleta Directorate of Traditional and Modern Medicine Research, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Abstract: Moringa stenopetala (Baker f.) Cufod. is a medicinal plant that has been used for the treatment of different ailments such as hypertension and diabetes in Ethiopia. This study aims to assess the diuretic activity of the aqueous crude extract and hot tea infusion of M. stenopetala leaves in saline-loaded rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into ten groups (n = 5). The control group received distilled water (5 mL/kg), whereas the reference group received Furosemide (10 mg/kg). Groups III–X orally received different doses of aqueous crude extract (62.5, 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg) and hot tea infusion (1, 2, 4, and 6 teaspoons [Tsp]) based on community use. Urine volume was recorded every hour until the end of the 5th hour, and total urine volume of each animal was calculated. The diuretic activity and diuretic action were determined based on the urine output. Additionally, concentration of urinary sodium, chloride, and potassium ions was determined. The urinary Na+/K+ ratio and carbonyl anhydrase activity (Cl−/(Na+/K+)) were also assessed. The findings verified that the aqueous crude extract as well as the hot tea infusion of the leaves of M. stenopetala possesses significant (P < 0.01) diuretic, natriuretic, and kaliuretic effects. The aqueous crude extract (125 mg/kg) and hot tea infusion (2 Tsp) displayed the highest diuretic activity (101% and 96%, respectively) comparable to the reference drug, Furosemide (10 mg/kg). They also displayed a good natriuretic activity. The aqueous crude extract and hot tea infusion revealed a significant Na+ urinary excretion (P < 0.001) and Na+/K+ ratio (P < 0.05) at all test doses. There was also a significant (P < 0.01) Cl− urinary excretion at all test doses of aqueous crude extract except 62.5 mg/kg and all test doses of hot tea infusion except higher doses (4 and 6 Tsp). Thus, the aqueous crude extract as well as the hot tea infusion of the leaves of M. stenopetala causes a plausible increase in the urine volume and concentration of urinary electrolytes in rats. Keywords: Moringa stenopetala, urine volume, electrolyte excretion, diuretic activity, rats, dose simulation

The transport phenomena of Casson nanofluid flow between two parallel disks subject to convective boundary conditions are analyzed in this paper. The mathematical model incorporates the impact of thermophoresis and Brownian motion since the Buongiorno's nanoliquid model is adopted to characterize the nanoliquid's transport features. The appropriate similarity transformations are applied to obtain the resulting nondimensional ordinary differential equations from the basic governing equations. The resulting ordinary differential equations and the associated boundary conditions are solved analytically by adopting the homotopy perturbation technique. Further, a statistical experiment is conducted to identify notable flow parameters which cause significant impact on the heat transfer rate. The characteristics of critical pertinent parameters on the flow field are graphically manifested. It is worth noting that the Casson nanofluid velocity escalates by augmenting the magnetic field parameter in the case of injection near the disks. Nanoparticle concentration is considerably diminished with an increment in thermophoresis parameter. In the cases of equal and unequal Biot numbers, the heat transfer rate is promoted with higher values of the Brownian motion parameter. Among the Casson fluid parameter, squeezing parameter and magnetic field parameter, the heat transfer rate discloses the highest positive sensitivity with the lowest value of the Casson fluid parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar collectors are devices that transform solar irradiation energy into thermal energy for various purposes. Among different solar thermal collectors, solar dish collectors are remarkable for having the highest solar-to-thermal energy conversion efficiency. These collectors are available with various receiver shapes like external, cavity, spiral and volume receivers. Notably, cavity receivers, with their unique structure, exhibit superior efficiency compared to other receiver types. Recently, researchers have explored different shapes of cavity receivers, such as triangle, circular, square and hexagonal, to enhance thermal efficiency. In light of this, the present study investigates the heat transfer behavior occurring in an inclined permeable triangular enclosure with heated fins, using a (Ag–TiO2/H2O) hybrid nanofluid as the working fluid. The mathematical modeling of hybrid nanofluid flow within the triangular enclosure is accomplished using the Navier–Stokes equations under the Boussinesq approximation, and dimensionless governing equations are solved through an in-house MATLAB code integrated with a finite difference method. The findings indicate that enhancing the Rayleigh number, thermal radiation and magnetic field boosts the heat transfer rate for a nanoparticle volume fraction of 5%. A decrease in the Darcy number leads to a shift in the flow pattern, causing the vortex cell to relocate to the top left. Higher values of Rayleigh number and thermal radiation effects are associated with a superior average heat transfer rate. Comparatively, the average heat transfer rate is slightly greater in an inclined cavity with α = π / 2 compared to an uninclined cavity. This emphasizes the focus of numerous studies on nanofluid flow in inclined square cavities, particularly in the context of solar energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The physiological system loses heat energy through the bloodstream to nearby cells. Such energy loss can lead to a quick death, anemia, severe hypothermia and high or low blood pressure to heart surgery. As a result, biomedical engineers and physicians are increasingly attracted to the study of entropy production to calculate the energy loss of biological systems. Furthermore, the thermodynamic state of entropy production is used to access cancer cells during chemotherapy treatment and heat transfer in tissues. The current model intends to explore the significance of the non-Fourier heat flux model on Eyring–Powell/Maxwell hybrid nanofluid (Fe3O4–CuO/blood) flow in a linear extending sheet with induced magnetic field and entropy generation. Suitable self-similarity variables are performed to convert momentum and thermal equations determined using the homotopy perturbation method into ordinary differential equations. The significance of distinct physical parameters such as thermal relaxation parameter, volume fraction, fluid parameter, magnetic Prandtl number, Biot number, Brinkman number, heat source, Eckert number, radiation and heat source on velocity, temperature, skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number, entropy production, streamlines and isotherm are represented through figures. It is recognized that the fluid friction irreversibility is comparatively higher than thermal irreversibility and highly dominates the total entropy generation. The nanoparticle volume fraction diminishes the velocity and induced magnetic field of both Eyring–Powell and Maxwell hybrid nanofluid. Fluid friction irreversibility is more in Maxwell fluid compared to the Eyring–Powell fluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is a literature review that congregates views, results and thresholds of the atmospheric Lifted index presented by a few researchers till date, which will stimulate further research. The Lifted Index is a useful tool to predict latent instability of the atmosphere, to predict severe local storms and thunderstorms and elicit light on the behavior and few processes occurring in the atmosphere. This review discusses the significance of the Lifted Index during instability (stable/unstable) of the atmosphere, thunderstorms, tornado outbreaks and also the future direction of work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bankruptcy prediction is the process of measuring the possibility of a company facing bankruptcy or financial distress in the future. An accurate bankruptcy prediction model is valuable for creditors, investors, and financial institutions to assess credit risk, make informed investment decisions, and take appropriate risk management measures. Various methods have been built to contemplate bankruptcy, involving more advanced machine learning (ML) methods and traditional statistical techniques. Typically, this method utilizes financial ratios, accounting data, market performance indicators, and other related variables as input features for predicting the probability of bankruptcy. There has been a growing interest in leveraging the power of neural networks for anticipating the bankruptcy with the emergence of deep learning (DL) methods. With this motivation, this article introduces a new white shark optimizer with deep learning-based bankruptcy prediction for financial risk assessment (WSODL-BPFCA) technique. The presented WSODL-BPFCA technique utilizes a hyperparameter-tuned DL model to predict the existence of bankruptcy. To obtain this, the WSODL-BPFCA technique utilizes min-max normalization to transform the input data into a uniform format. For bankruptcy prediction, the WSODL-BPFCA technique introduces an attention-based long short-term memory (ALSTM) approach. Lastly, the hyperparameter tuning of the ALSTM model was carried out by employing of WSO approach. To exhibit the enhanced performance of the WSODL-BPFCA technique, a widespread set of simulations were performed. The comprehensive comparison study highlighted the improved results of the WSODL-BPFCA technique as 97.61% in terms of different metrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]