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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES A rapidly increasing human population has resulted in the expansion of urban areas and an associated increase in the demand for food. Consequently, urban and peri-urban agriculture, using waste water as a source for irrigation, is increasingly common around the world, particularly in developing countries. In the Kurdistan region of Iraq, the soils within Agriculture areas have the potential to accumulate trace elements originating from various sources of contamination like municipal waste disposal and the use of wastewater for irrigation. The main aim of this study was to assess the levels and sources of trace elements in this specific region and to analyze the potential health hazards linked to toxic elements present in the soil.METHODS: Elemental analyses were conducted on soil samples using the total digestion method, involving the use of Hydrofluoric acid. Subsequently, 118 soil samples, each with a fraction size of less than 2 millimeters, were analyzed. These samples were collected from seven different urban and peri-urban agriculture areas in Sulaimani province. The analysis was carried out using Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrophotometry, which operated in collision cell mode with 7 percent hydrogen in helium to minimize polyatomic interferences.FINDINGS: The study findings indicated that the soils, with a potential hydrogen range of 7.5 to 8.18, are mainly calcareous and have textures that vary from silty loam to sandy or silty clay. Additionally, the organic matter content of these soils ranges from 1.4 percent to 5.47 percent. It was noted that soils subjected to wastewater irrigation do not show significant contamination by trace elements, whereas those affected by waste disposal sites showed high levels of chromium (134 milligrams per kilogram), copper (263 milligrams per kilogram), zinc (773 milligrams per kilogram), cadmium (4.19 milligrams per kilogram) and lead (161 milligrams per kilogram). Evaluation of enrichment factors indicates that the concentrations of trace elements generally remain within the anticipated background levels, with the exception of the municipal waste disposal site. The hazard indices derived for the trace elements indicate that the potential health risks associated with exposure routes are minimal. These indices consistently remain below the internationally recognized threshold of one, which signifies that the health concerns are insignificant fall within acceptable boundaries.CONCLUSION: The concentrations of trace elements exhibited a notable increase in locations allocated for waste disposal, demonstrating a gradual decline in comparison to other agricultural regions. Throughout all the locations examined, the levels of nickel consistently remained elevated, suggesting that the geological attributes of the region have a significant impact.

Objective: It is crucial to know the lengths of the neurovasculature proximal to a penile allograft to allow for better viability of a penile transplant. We performed a cadaveric exploration focused on the deep and superficial dorsal veins as identified in a microsurgical dissection of the penis to help expand the anatomical knowledge for such a procedure. Methods: We examined 18 cadavers and measured the (1) vertical distance from the pubic symphysis to the point at which the superficial dorsal vein is no longer on the erectile tissue; (2) point at which the superficial dorsal vein is no longer on the erectile tissue to where its tributary meets the great saphenous vein; and (3) point at which the deep dorsal vein is no longer on the external erectile tissue to its contribution into the prostatic plexus near the prostate. Moreover, we noted the variations of the deep and superficial veins of the penis. We used IBM SPSS in all statistical analyses. Results: The average length of the superficial dorsal vein when no longer on the external penis to its tributary was 84.9 ± 10.4 mm. The average length of the deep dorsal vein was 72.9 ± 6.43 mm. Three different drain patterns were observed for the superficial dorsal vein, whereas the deep dorsal vein was consistently midline. No statistically significant correlations were identified between cadaveric demographic data and lengths of venous structures. Conclusions: Further studies regarding the anatomy and dissection of penile allografts would be helpful. More research regarding donor and recipient anatomy and vasculature is needed to establish surgical guidelines.

Abstract Because of the great pharmacological and industrial significance of 1,3,4-thiadiazole and its related compounds, researchers are still very interested in them. For this reason, in this study, we looked at ways to create new hybrid compounds containing carboxamide and 1,3,4-thiadiazole moieties. The thioxoacetamide derivatives used to make these compounds were reacted with various alkylated reagents to produce multiple S-alkyl groups. Additionally, these compounds were reacted with aldehydes to form novel derivatives known as 5-(substituent)-N-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-carboxamide. Here, we used the agar well diffusion method to examine the antibacterial activity of all the produced compounds against a few pathogenic bacteria that were resistant to multiple drugs. Additionally, look into their capacity to lower inflammation through the use of bovine serum albumin in the protein denaturation procedure. The substances were characterized by spectral analysis (IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and Elemental Analysis), and efficient as antibacterial agents against all the tested bacterial strains, except for Escherichia coli. Compounds 4a and 8c showed the highest level of inhibition zone against Gram-positive bacteria (Staph. aureus, Bacillus subtilis) at concentration 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 mg/ml compared with ciprofloxacin at the same concentrations. The results demonstrated that every compound has significant anti-inflammatory activity. At a concentration of 250 µg/ml, compounds 3a, 4c and 8c had the highest percentage inhibition of protein denaturation when (83.24%, 86.44% and 85.14%, respectively) compared to other compounds and diclofenac sodium as reference drug. Comparing compounds 4c and 8c to ciprofloxacin and diclofenac sodium, they showed powerful antibacterial and anti-inflammatory action. Furthermore, an investigation using molecular docking against DHPS from S. aureus (PDB ID: 6CLV) showed a strong connection with the intended protein and an elevated docking score, making it a prime candidate for antibiotics.

Abstract Solid-state spin qubits within silicon crystals at mK temperatures show great promise in the realisation of a fully scalable quantum computation platform. Qubit coherence times are limited in natural silicon owing to coupling to the 29Si isotope which has a non-zero nuclear spin. This work presents a method for the depletion of 29Si in localised volumes of natural silicon wafers by irradiation using a 45 keV 28Si focused ion beam with fluences above 1 × 1019 ions cm−2. Nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis of the irradiated volumes shows residual 29Si concentration down to 2.3 ± 0.7 ppm and with residual C and O comparable to the background concentration in the unimplanted wafer. After annealing, transmission electron microscopy lattice images confirm the solid phase epitaxial re-crystallization of the as-implanted amorphous enriched volume extending over 200 nm in depth.

Elevated atmospheric heat is considered as one of the bottlenecks for global wheat production. Screening potential wheat genotypes against heat stress and selecting some suitable indicators to assist in understanding thermotolerance could be crucial for sustaining wheat cultivation. Accordingly, 80 diverse bread wheat genotypes were evaluated in controlled lab condition by imposing a week-long heat stress (35/25 °C D/N) at the seedling stage. The response of heat stress was evaluated using multivariate analysis techniques on 20 morpho-physiological traits. Results showed significant variations in the studied traits due to the imposition of heat stress. Eleven seedling traits that contributed significantly to the genotypic variability were identified using principal component analysis (PCA). A substantial correlation between most of the selected seedling attributes was observed. Hierarchical cluster analysis identified three distinct clusters among the tested wheat genotypes. Cluster 1, consisting of 33 genotypes, exhibited the highest tolerance to heat stress, followed by Cluster 2 (18 genotypes) with moderate tolerance and Cluster 3 (29 genotypes) showing susceptibility. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) approved that nearly 93 % of the wheat genotypes were appropriately ascribed to each cluster. The squared distance analysis confirmed the distinct nature of the clusters. Using multi-trait genotype-ideotype distance index (MGIDI), all 12 identified tolerant genotypes (BG-30, BD-468, BG-24, BD-9908, BG-32, BD-476, BD-594, BD-553, BD-488, BG-33, BD-495, and AS-10627) originated from Cluster 1. Selection gain in MGIDI analysis, broad-sense heritability, and multiple linear regression analysis together identified shoot and root dry and fresh weights, chlorophyll contents (a and total), shoot tissue water content, root-shoot dry weight ratio, and efficiency of photosystem II (PS II) as the most vital discriminatory factors explaining heat stress tolerance of 80 wheat genotypes. The identified genotypes with superior thermotolerance would offer resourceful genetic tools for breeders to improve wheat yield in warmer regions. The traits found to have greater contribution in explaining heat stress tolerance will be equally important in prioritizing future research endeavors.

Gaza's electrical deficit has resulted in the rise of new energy suppliers that sell power from private generators at higher prices. Consumers have challenges because they cannot tell whether their energy originates from the utility or private generators, resulting in unexpectedly large bills owing to a lack of an electronic monitoring system. This study fills this gap by developing a low-cost IoT energy monitoring system that provides real-time information on energy use (hourly, daily, and monthly) to assist consumers in managing their usage and expenditures. An ESP32 microcontroller is used in the system to gather data from energy meters, analyze it, and deliver updates to users via WhatsApp over a secure Wi-Fi connection via the Blynk platform. Experimental findings show that the system accurately captures voltage, current, active power, and cumulative power consumption and transmits this information to customers in real time.

Subiculum is a pivotal output component of the hippocampal formation, a structure often overlooked in neuroscientific research. Here, this review aims to explore the role of the subiculum in various brain disorders, shedding light on its significance within the functional-neuroanatomical perspective on neurological diseases. The subiculum's involvement in multiple brain disorders was thoroughly examined. In Alzheimer's disease, subiculum alterations precede cognitive decline, while in epilepsy, the subiculum plays a critical role in seizure initiation. Stress involves the subiculum's impact on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis. Moreover, the subiculum exhibits structural and functional changes in anxiety, schizophrenia, and Parkinson's disease, contributing to cognitive deficits. Bipolar disorder is linked to subiculum structural abnormalities, while autism spectrum disorder reveals an alteration of inward deformation in the subiculum. Lastly, frontotemporal dementia shows volumetric differences in the subiculum, emphasizing its contribution to the disorder's complexity. Taken together, this review consolidates existing knowledge on the subiculum's role in brain disorders, and may facilitate future research, diagnostic strategies, and therapeutic interventions for various neurological conditions.

In our work, we have explored the phase space nonlinear coherent-Kerr-cavity nonclassicality and purity loss induced by off-resonant intensity-dependent cavity-qubit interactions under atomic spontaneous-emission dissipation effect. The generation of the cavity purity loss (mixedness) dynamics, by using von Neumann entropy, is linked to the nonclassicality's Wigner distribution dynamics, which is investigated at spastic times chosen based on the von Neumann entropy's cavity dynamics. The temporal evolution of the largest negativity of the Wigner distribution is investigated under the physical system effects of the qubit spontaneous-emission dissipation, the detuning as well as the coherent-Kerr-cavity nonlinearity. The growths and the stability of the purity loss and the Wigner distribution negativity loss have the same behaviors. They depend on the Kerr-like nonlinearity and the dissipation couplings. These losses and their stability can be enhanced by increasing the dissipation coupling. It is found that the nonclassicality's phase space Wigner quasi-probability distribution and the mixedness of the generated coherent-Kerr-cavity states are highly sensitive to the physical system effects.

Ghulam Yahia Baset,1 Farukh Seyar,2 Zaker Hussain Hussain Pour,3 Qurban Ali Karimi4 1Faculty member, Department of Emergency Surgery and Trauma, Kabul University of Medical Science, Ali Abad Teaching Hospital, Kabul, Afghanistan; 2Faculty Member, Department of Abdominal Surgery, Kabul University of Medical Science, Ali Abad Teaching Hospital, Kabul, Afghanistan; 3Faculty Member, Department of Maternal and Child Health, Kabul University of Medical Science, Kabul, Afghanistan; 4Department of Research, Kabul University of Medical Science, Kabul, AfghanistanCorrespondence: Ghulam Yahia Baset, Tel +93783676086, Email Yahia.baset4321@gmail.comAbstract: gossypiboma is used to describe a retained surgical swab in the body after an operation. It remains an unwanted complication of surgical practice that increase morbidity and mortality of the patient and profound medico legal problems. Intra-abdominal gossypiboma can migrate in to the ileum, stomach, colon or bladder without any apparent opening in the wall of these luminal organs. Vigilant sponge counting during procedures and thorough exploration prior to closure of the abdomen, are essential practices to avoid such occurrences. Herein we present a case of gossypiboma in a 26-year old woman that was in the lumen of small bowel and caused acute intestinal obstruction.Keywords: Gossypiboma, bowel obstruction, transmural migration, surgical swab, cesarean section

In this study, we investigate the impact of the XYZ-DM-Heisenberg model on quantum resources, including local quantum Fisher information, concurrence, and Jensen-Shannon coherence, in the presence of intrinsic decoherence. By exploring various spin-exchange interactions, with a focus on the role of the y-DM interaction, we reveal how these interactions affect quantum correlations and coherence dynamics. We find that the system transitions from separability to the generation of quantum properties when spin interactions are introduced. The specific parameter choices significantly influence the dynamic map of quantum functions. Notably, strong y-DM interaction, in combination with equal spin interaction, leads to pronounced fluctuations, while weak DM interaction results in sudden death and rebirth in the x direction. Additionally, ferro- and anti-ferromagnetic regimes impact the quantum functions differently. In the presence of intrinsic decoherence, fluctuations decrease, and coherence remains robust compared to the local quantum Fisher information and entanglement, reducing loss.

AbstractObjective: The study aimed to assess health-seeking behaviour (HSB) and associated factors among hypertensive patients in Bangladesh.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Hypertension & Research Centre, Rangpur, Bangladesh, between January 2022 and June 2022. A total of 497 hypertensive adults were recruited consecutively. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was deployed by the research team for data collection. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to explore the predictors of HSB.Results: The mean age of the hypertensive patients was 52 ± 11 (SD) years. Most of them were aged between 51 and 60 years (33%), female (55%), came from rural areas (57%), and belonged to middle socioeconomic class (68%). One-fourth of the patients (27%) had chosen informal healthcare providers for their first consultation. Fear of stroke (244, 45%), headache (170, 36%), and neck pain (81, 17%) were the three most common compelling causes of their visit to the hypertension centre. Age (aOR 0.78, 95% CI 0.68 − 0.89), male sex (aOR: 1.79, 95% CI 1.05 − 3.10), living in semi-urban (aOR 4.68, 95% CI 1.45 − 15.10) and rural area (aOR 1.68, 95% CI 1.01 − 2.80), farmers as occupation (aOR: 3.24, 95%CI: 1.31 − 8.06) and belonging to lower social economic class (aOR 4.24, 95% CI 1.68 − 10.69) were predictors of visiting informal providers of hypertensive patient. One-fourth of the hypertensive patients received consultation from informal healthcare providers.Conclusions: Raising awareness among patients and proper referral to specialised hypertension centres could promulgate the patients towards appropriate behaviour.

Employing Landau theory and the Landau–Khalatnikov (L–K) equation of motion, we investigate the phase transitions in individual layers of antiferroelectric lead zirconate (PbZrO3), ferroelectric lead zirconate titanate (PbZrTiO3), and an antiferroelectric/ferroelectric PbZrO3/PbZr(0.21)Ti(0.79)O3 bilayer bulk structure. We examine the dielectric hysteresis loop behavior of the three systems, with a specific focus on the PbZrO3/PbZr(0.21)Ti(0.79)O3 bilayer under different stabilities of the PbZrO3 layer. In addition, we explore cases where the coercive field of the bilayer structure is lower than that of the PbZrTiO3 individual layer. The recoverable electric energy for the PbZrO3/PbZr(0.21)Ti(0.79)O3 bilayer increases significantly to 118 J/cm3 at an applied field of 7.5 × 108 V/m at 20 °C. In comparison, the PbZr(0.21)Ti(0.79)O3 layer reaches 71.8 J/cm3 under the same field and temperature conditions. This is much higher than those predicted experimentally by previous studies on thin film single and bilayer structures (15.6 and 28.2 J/Cm3 respectively), indicating that the antiferroelectric/ferroelectric PbZrO3/PbZr(0.21)Ti(0.79)O3 bilayer bulk structure could be used to target specific large-scale, long-term energy storage applications. Upon increasing the value of the coupling coefficient, the transition temperatures of the PbZrO3 layer and the PbZrO3/PbZr(0.21)Ti(0.79)O3 bilayer are increased up to the transition temperature of the PbZr(0.21)Ti(0.79)O3 individual layer (450 °C). This increment in the transition temperature in the bilayer system contributes to its stability in storing energy at higher temperatures. Furthermore, the recoverable energy density of the PbZrO3/PbZr(0.21)Ti(0.79)O3 bilayer increases further with temperature from 20 to 440 °C correlated with the rise in the difference between the spontaneous and the remanent polarizations (Ps − Pr). The significant stored energy observed over a wide temperature range highlights the promise of this bilayer structure for creating high-power capacitors where stability at different temperatures is crucial and possesses greater energy storage capacity.

This paper describes a lithium-ion battery (LIB) hybrid equalization (HE) structure. There are two primary strategies for voltage equalization (EQ): passive and active. Active equalization (AE) moves energy between the LIBs, whereas passive equalization (PE) wastes energy. PE strategy has the benefit of being easy to put into action, but at the same time, it requires more time to equalize and results in a loss of energy. Although it is difficult to implement, AE has a shorter EQ time and less energy loss. Combining these two methods simultaneously controls a pack of LIBs and equalizes voltage. This article offers recommendations on a cell level (CL) and between stacks. Some LIBs were outfitted with varying state of charge (SOC) levels to simulate a cell imbalance. Different topologies were tested, including combined AE and PE at the pack level and PE and AE topologies at the CL. Response times and SOC levels are used to compare the results. Compared to strictly AE or PE strategies, the HE showed encouraging results regarding EQ time and autonomy. This combination offers a solution that enables one to achieve minimal HE time while maintaining appropriate SOC.

Plant parasitic nematodes cause severe damage, reducing plant production. The ability of four various biocontrol agents was surveyed for effectiveness in inhibiting J2 of Meloidogyne incognita in vitro. The study aims to explore the impact of different bio-agents (Bacillus cereus 54-1, Streptomyces erythrogriesus sub sp. 2, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Spirulina platensis) on the root-knot-nematode, M. incognita reproduction, and their influence on plant growth as well as physiological and biochemical parameters in Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants under greenhouse conditions. Effective inoculation of four bio-control agents on growth and physio-biochemical parameters of bean plants infected with root-knot-nematode was also investigated. After 48 hours of exposure to bioagents, mortality was caused by M. incognita J2s. Mortality ranged between 67.3 and 89%. Under experimental conditions, further validating the relative efficacy of different bioagents in control M. incognita on common bean in two successive seasons. All pageants were efficient in preventing nematode reproduction, but with varying efficacy. Oxamyl (Nematicide) was an extremely effective treatment for suppressing total nematode populations. Nevertheless, the second most effective treatment for reducing M. incognita in roots and soil was B. cereus. All treatments significantly enhanced growth as compared to the control. Treatments with four bioagents significantly reduced H2O2 and malondialdehyde levels. While it significantly raised the activity of peroxidase, polyphenol-oxidase, and superoxide dismutase, in addition to raising the content of phenolics and flavonoids in the infected common bean. The tested bioagents were efficient in preventing nematode reproduction, but at various levels of efficacy. In addition, all treatments significantly enhanced common bean growth parameters and reduced the levels of both H2O2 and MDA. While it raised the activity of POD, PPO, SOD, and contents of phenolics and flavonoids in the infected common bean. These results highlight the value of bioagents as a promising biocontrol technique to manage root-knot-nematodes in common beans.

ABSTRACT: The present investigation aimed to examine the impact of different dietary organic zinc nanoparticle (ZnNP) levels on gut bacteria, meat quality, growth performance, carcass traits, and blood indicators of broilers. A total of 180 unsexed one-wk broiler chicks (Cobb) were allotted to 3 experimental groups and received a basal diet supplemented with 0, 0.2, and 0.4 mg ZnNPs/Kg diet, respectively. The results showed that, after 38 d of age, the supplementary ZnNPs at a level of 0.4 mg/kg raised body weight and weight gain compared to the control and 0.2 mg ZnNPs/kg diet. The addition of ZnNPs improved the daily feed intake. Some of the carcass characteristics in ZnNPs groups excelled that of the control. ZnNPs treatments gave higher dressing % and decreased (P < 0.05) the cholesterol rates, LDL, and uric acid in the blood. In addition, it gave the best concentrations of ALT and AST. The ZnNPs groups exhibited substantially (P < 0.05) improved moisture and fat values in meat samples. The group given ZnNPs at a concentration of 0.4 mg/kg had a substantially (P < 0.05) lower count of TYMC and E. coli. In conclusion, the high level of ZnNPs (0.4 mg/kg) improved the broilers' performance and some of their carcass traits, enhancing their health and meat quality.

This paper presents an inductor-less low-power low-voltage cross-coupled regulated cascode (LV CC-RGC) transimpedance amplifier (TIA) design topology with a negative resistance in addition to the traditional gm-boosting approach. Combining the above techniques leads to enhanced design flexibility without needing an on-chip inductor and extra power consumption. It is particularly beneficial as well when the capacitance of a large photodiode (PD) is located at the TIA input. The TIA is implemented in $0.35~\mu $ m CMOS technology with a maximum ft of 20 GHz. Experimental results demonstrate a transimpedance gain of 60 dB $\Omega $ , a 3-dB bandwidth of 1.8 GHz, and an average input-referred noise current spectral density of 9.2 pA/ $\surd $ Hz. The circuit’s power consumption and chip area are 2.2 mW and 0.004 mm2, respectively.

This paper outlines the development of an optical receiver capable of handling data at a rate of 4 Gb/s. The receiver makes use of a multi-dot PIN CMOS photodiode with a bandwidth of 930 MHz (capacitance of 48.8fF) and a responsivity of 0.294 A/W at a wavelength of 675 nm. It also features a single-to-differential (SDT) noise-suppressed transimpedance amplifier (TIA) equalizer. By implementing a low-frequency zero synthesis within the STD-TIA feedback path, the 3-dB frequency roll-off of the photodiode is extended by a factor of 2.63, resulting in an overall front-end bandwidth of 2.45 GHz with a transimpedance gain of 84 dB $\Omega $ . The SDT TIA eliminates the need for a dummy TIA, improving the noise performance of the receiver achieving the integrated input-referred current noise for the entire front-end to less than 717 nA rms. Additionally, a detailed theoretical analysis of equalization methods, as well as the impact of inter-symbol interference (ISI) and noise on bit error rate (BER) degradation is presented. The receiver has been successfully tested for data transmission at rates of 4 Gb/s, 3 Gb/s, and 2.5 Gb/s, achieving bit-error ratios of less than $10^{-9}$ at minimum average optical powers of -16.2 dBm, -17.2 dBm, and -18 dBm, respectively. Furthermore, the receiver consumes 28 mA from a 3.3V power supply and occupies a core area of 1.4 mm $\times 0.7$ mm.

الملخص: مثَّل القرن الحادي عشر الميلادي/ الخامس الهجري مرحلة حاسمة في تاريخ جورجيا، إذ كان على خلفاء الملك باجراط الثالث Bagrat III (975- 1014م) مواصلة جهوده لإتمام الوحدة السياسية لمملكة الكرج، لكنهم اصطدموا بطموح الأمراء الكرج المحليين وأطماع البيزنطيين في بلادهم، في الوقت الذي بدأ فيه السلاجقة يبحثون عن موطأ قدم في القوقاز. وسوف يناقش البحث أهم الظروف السياسية التي مرت بها جورجيا على الصعيدين الداخلي والخارجي بدءًا من عام 1027م، وهو العام الذي تولي فيه الملك باجراط الرابع Bagrat IV (1027- 1072م) حكم مملكة الكرج حتى عام 1060م الذي شهد نجاحه في التغلب على ألد خصومه الأمير الإقطاعي ليباريت الرابعLiparit IV رجل بيزنطة الأول في القوقاز في تلك المرحلة؛ وذلك من خلال "حولية كارتلي" الكرجية لمؤرخ مجهول. Abstract: The eleventh century A.D. / fifth century A.H. represented a decisive stage in the history of Georgia, as the successors of King Bagrat III (975-1014 A.D.) had to continue his efforts to complete the political unity of the Kingdom of Georgia, but they collided with the ambitions of the local Georgian princes and the colonial aspirations of the Byzantines in their country at a time when Seljuks began to seek a foothold in the Caucasus. The research will discuss the most important political conditions that Georgia went through, both domestically and internationally, from the year 1027 A.D., when King Bagrat IV (1027–1072) assumed control of the Kingdom of Georgia, until the year 1060 A.D., which witnessed his success in overcoming his staunchest opponent, the feudal prince Liparit IV, the main man of Byzantium in the Caucasus at that stage, through the Georgian Chronicle, "The Chronicle of Kartli," written by an anonymous historian.

Abstract Background This study aimed to assess the influence of continuous rotation and reciprocation kinematics on postoperative pain (POP) levels and substance P (SP) levels in patients diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis and symptomatic apical periodontitis (SAP). Materials and subjects A total of twenty patients were randomly assigned into two groups: Continuous Rotation Group (CRG) (n = 10), subjected to mechanical preparation with the EdgeEndox7 rotary system (Albuquerque, NM, USA), and Reciprocation Group (RG) (n = 10), treated with the EdgeOne Fire reciprocating system (Albuquerque, NM, USA). Apical fluid (AF) samples were collected, and SP levels were quantified through radioimmunoassay. POP was assessed using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) at various time intervals (preoperatively, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h). Data were statistically analyzed utilizing the independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Friedman’s test, and Nemenyi post hoc test. Results There was a significant increase in SP levels in the reciprocating group compared to the continuous rotation group (P ≤ 0.05). Additionally, patients in the reciprocating group reported significantly higher POP levels (P ≤ 0.05) at all measured intervals (6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h), with both groups exhibiting similar pain level reductions at the 72-hour mark. Conclusion Our findings suggest that continuous rotation kinematics in root canal preparation leads to a considerable reduction in SP expression and POP. Trial registration The study protocol was retrospectively registered on the www.clinicaltrials.gov database (NCT06081335) at (13/10/2023) after the approval of the Ethics Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University (FDASU-RecIM012135).

In this study, the vote algorithm used to improve the performances of three machine-learning models including M5Prime (M5P), random forest (RF), and random tree (RT) is developed (i.e. V-M5P, V-RF, and V-RT). Developed models were tested for forecasting soil temperature (TS) at 1, 2, and 3 days ahead at depths of 5 and 50 cm. All models were developed using different climatic variables, including mean, minimum, and maximum air temperatures; sunshine hours; evaporation; and solar radiation, which were evaluated. Correlation coefficients of 0.95 for the V-M5P model, 0.95 for the V-RF model, and 0.91 for the V-RT model were recorded for both 1- and 2-day ahead forecasting at a depth of 5 cm. For 3-day ahead forecasting, V-RF was the superior model with Nash–Sutcliff efficiency (NSE) values of 0.85, compared to V-M5P's value of 0.81 and V-RT's value of 0.81. The results at a depth of 5 cm indicate that V-RT was the least effective model. At a depth of 50 cm, forecasted TsS was in good agreement with measurements, and the V-RF was slightly superior. Among the limitations of the current work is that the models were unable to improve their performances by increasing the forecasting horizon. HIGHLIGHTS Modelling soil temperature at different depths based on meteorological variables using vote algorithm.; Forecasting soil temperature at 1, 2, and 3 days ahead at depths of 5 and 50 cm using machine learning models.; M5P, RF, and RT are applied.; An ensemble approach with the vote algorithm (i.e. V-M5P, V-RF, and V-RT) is also proposed.;

Abstract We investigate the dynamics of non-classical correlations and quantum coherence in open quantum systems by employing metrics like local quantum Fisher information, local quantum uncertainty, and quantum Jensen-Shannon divergence. Our focus here is on a system of two qubits in two distinct physical situations: the first one when the two qubits are coupled to a cavity field whether the system is closed or open, while the second consists of two qubits immersed in dephasing reservoirs. Our study places significant emphasis on how the evolution of these quantum criterion is influenced by the initial state’s purity (whether pure or mixed) and the nature of the environment (whether Markovian or non-Markovian). We observe that a decrease in the initial state’s purity corresponds to a reduction in both quantum correlations and quantum coherence, whereas higher purity enhances these quantumness. Furthermore, we establish a quantum teleportation strategy based on the two different physical scenarios. In this approach, the resulting state of the two qubits functions as a quantum channel integrated into a quantum teleportation protocol. We also analyze how the purity of the initial state and the Markovian or non-Markovian regimes impact the quantum teleportation process.

This work presents the excess noise and thermoelectric (Seebeck) measurements on polycrystalline vanadium dioxide (VO2) thin films. Noise spectral power density (SPD) of current fluctuations in the semiconducting (SC) phase had a typical flicker noise (f−γ) characteristic with an average slope parameter γ of 1.13. Normalized SPD (Sn) values obtained in the SC-phase indicate that the noise originates in the bulk of the film. On the contrary, in the metallic (M)-phase, γ values were greater than unity, and the observed Sn values indicated that the origin of the noise is most likely from the contacts or surface rather than the bulk. A general decrease was observed in Sn by a factor of 4–5 from the SC- to M-phase. Moreover, Sn in the SC-phase showed no temperature dependence. An interpretation based on the number of charge carrier fluctuations in Hooge's model led to an unrealistically high Hooge parameter and had to be ruled out. We propose that the fluctuations are related to the mobility fluctuations of carriers arising primarily from grain-boundary scattering which explains the observed characteristics well. The Seebeck coefficients (S) obtained under both heating and cooling schedules showed the n-type nature of magnetron-sputtered VO2 films in the SC-phase. Differently, in the M-phase, the S value was positive. The S values obtained from the cooling schedule signified the low percolation threshold of the metal-to-insulator transition already demonstrated for VO2 thin films grown on r-cut sapphire using the Efros–Shklovskii percolation model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]